AN AEROSOL-GENERATING MATERIAL IN THE FORM OF ONE OR MORE NON-LINEAR STRANDS

Technical Field

The present invention relates to aerosol-generating materials, aerosolgenerating compositions comprising the aerosol-generating material; consumables for use within a non-combustible aerosol provision system, the consumables comprising the aerosol-generating composition; and non-combustible aerosol provision systems. The invention also relates to methods for producing the aerosolgenerating material, and aerosol-generating materials obtainable by the methods of the invention.

Smoking consumables such as cigarettes, cigars and the like burn tobacco during use to create tobacco smoke. Alternatives to these types of consumables release an inhalable aerosol or vapour by releasing compounds from a substrate material by heating without burning. These may be referred to as non-combustible smoking consumables or aerosol generating assemblies.

One example of such a product is a heating device which releases compounds by heating, but not burning, a solid aerosol-generating material. This solid aerosol-generating material may, in some cases, contain a botanical material. The heating volatilises at least one component of the material, typically forming an inhalable aerosol. These products may be referred to as heat-not-burn devices, tobacco heating devices or tobacco heating products. Various different arrangements for volatilising at least one component of the solid aerosol-generating material are known.

As another example, there are hybrid devices. These contain a liquid source (which may or may not contain nicotine) which is vaporised by heating to produce an inhalable vapour or aerosol. The device additionally contains a solid aerosolgenerating material (which may or may not contain a tobacco material) and components of this material are entrained in the inhalable vapour or aerosol to produce the inhaled medium. Summary

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an aerosol-generating material in the form of one or more non-linear strands, wherein each non-linear strand has a tensile strength of at least about 0.2 N and an elongation at break of at least about 1.5 %.

The aerosol-generating material may comprise an aerosol-generating agent; a crosslinked binder, optionally one or more fillers; and optionally an active and/or flavourant.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an aerosol-generating material in the form of one or more non-linear strands, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises: an aerosol-generating agent; a crosslinked binder comprising pectin, iota-carrageenan, and/or gellan gum; optionally one or more fillers; and optionally an active and/or flavourant and/or an acid.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an aerosol-generating material in the form of one or more non-linear strands, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises: an aerosol-generating agent; a binder selected from the group consisting of alginate, pectin, carrageenan (such as iota-carrageenan), gellan gum (such as high acyl gellan gum), and combinations thereof; optionally one or more fillers; and optionally an active and/or a flavourant and/or an acid.

In another aspect, there is provided an aerosol-generating composition comprising the aerosol-generating material of the invention.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of forming an aerosol-generating material in the form of non-linear strands wherein each strand has a tensile strength of at least about 0.2 N at break of at least about 1.5 %, the method comprising:

(a) forming a mixture comprising a solvent, an aerosol-generating agent, a crosslinkable binder, optionally a filler and optionally an active and/or a flavourant and/or an acid;

(b) ejecting the mixture through a nozzle such that the mixture moves with a velocity; and

(c) contacting the ejected mixture with a solution comprising a cross-linking agent, where the velocity of the mixture is reduced on contact with the solution.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of forming an aerosol-generating material in the form of non-linear strands, the method comprising:

(a) forming a mixture comprising a solvent, an aerosol-generating agent, a crosslinkable binder comprising pectin, iota-carrageenan, and/or gellan gum, optionally a filler and optionally an active and/or a flavourant and/or an acid;

(b) ejecting the mixture through a nozzle such that the mixture moves with a velocity; and

(c) contacting the ejected mixture with a solution comprising a cross-linking agent, where the velocity of the mixture is reduced on contact with the solution.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of forming an aerosol-generating material in the form of non-linear strands, the method comprising:

(a) forming a mixture comprising a solvent; an aerosol-generating agent; a binder selected from the group consisting of alginate, pectin, carrageenan (such as iota-carrageenan), gellan gum (such as high acyl gellan gum), and combinations thereof; optionally a filler; and optionally an active and/or a flavourant and/or an acid;

(b) ejecting the mixture through a nozzle such that the mixture moves with a velocity; and

(c) contacting the ejected mixture with a solution comprising a cross-linking agent, where the velocity of the mixture is reduced on contact with the solution. According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a consumable for use within a non-combustible aerosol provision system, the consumable comprising the aerosol-generating composition as defined herein.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a noncombustible aerosol provision system comprising the consumable as defined herein and a non-combustible aerosol provision device, the non-combustible aerosol provision device comprising an aerosol-generation device configured to (or arranged to) generate aerosol from the consumable when the consumable is used with the non-combustible aerosol provision device.

According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of an aerosol-generating composition as defined herein in a consumable for use in a non- combustible aerosol provision device, the non-combustible aerosol provision device comprising an aerosol-generation device arranged to generate aerosol from the consumable when the consumable is used with the non-combustible aerosol provision device.

According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of an aerosol-generating material or an aerosol-generating composition as defined herein for generating an aerosol.

According to a further aspect, the invention provides an aerosol-generating material obtainable by, or obtained by, a method of the invention.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of generating an aerosol using a non-combustible aerosol provision system as described herein, the method comprising heating the aerosol-generating material. In some embodiments, the method comprises heating the aerosol-generating material to a temperature of less than or equal to 350 °C. In some embodiments, the method comprises heating the aerosol-generating material to a temperature of from about 220 °C to about 280 °C. Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention, given by way of example only, which is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows a section view of an example of an aerosol-generating article.

Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the article of Figure 1.

Figure 3 shows a sectional elevation of an example of an aerosol-generating article.

Figure 4 shows a perspective view of the article of Figure 3.

Figure 5 shows a perspective view of an example of an aerosol generating assembly.

Figure 6 shows a section view of an example of an aerosol generating assembly.

Figure 7 shows a perspective view of an example of an aerosol generating assembly.

Figures 8 and 10 show schematic diagrams of the aerosol-generating material of the invention.

Figure 9 shows a schematic cross-section of the aerosol-generating material of Figure 8.

Figure 11 shows a photograph of aerosol-generating material of the invention (left) and an equivalent aerosol-generating material in the form of a shredded sheet (right).

Figure 12 shows a photograph of aerosol-generating material of the invention.

Figure 13 shows a photograph of a series of strands of the invention.

Figure 14 shows a microscope image of a specimen of a single strand of the invention. Detailed Description

The aerosol-generating materials/compositions described herein are materials/compositions that are capable of generating aerosol, for example when heated, irradiated or energized in any other way. The aerosol-generating composition comprises an aerosol-generating material. The aerosol-generating material may be a dried gel. The aerosol-generating material may be a solid material that may retain some fluid, such as liquid, within it. In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating composition may for example comprise from about 50wt%, 60wt% or 70wt% of aerosol-generating material, to about 90wt%, 95wt% or 100wt% of aerosolgenerating material. In some cases, the aerosol-generating composition consists of the aerosol-generating material. In other cases, the aerosol-generating composition comprises from about 40 to about 60 wt% of the aerosol-generating material. The remainder of the composition may be formed from other components as described below, for example tobacco material.

As described hereinabove, the invention provides an aerosol-generating material in the form of one or more non-linear strands. The aerosol-generating material may comprise: an aerosol-generating agent; and/or a crosslinked binder.

The invention also provides an aerosol-generating material in the form of one or more non-linear strands, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises: an aerosol-generating agent; and/or a binder selected from the group consisting of alginate, pectin, carrageenan, (such as iota-carrageenan), gellan gum (such as high acyl gellan gum), and combinations thereof.

Each strand may have a tensile strength of at least about 0.2 N and an elongation at break of at least about 1.5 %, and/or the crosslinked binder may comprise pectin, iota-carrageenan, and/or gellan gum.

The aerosol-generating material may also optionally comprise one or more fillers, an active and/or a flavourant and/or an acid. The aerosol-generating material is in the form of non-linear strands, which may alternatively be described as non-linear gel fibers. That is, the aerosolgenerating material is in the form of strands or gel fibers, wherein each strand or fiber is non-linear across its length. The strands or fibers may alternatively be described as being curly, noodle-like or kinked. Each strand may therefore be thought of as being similar in shape to a noodle, whilst a number of the strands or gel fibers together can be thought of as being similar in shape to a collection of multiple noodles, where the individual strands may overlap and interlink randomly with each other. As used herein, the term “non-linear strands” is also intended to encompass the alternative terms described herein, such as “non-linear gel fibers”, “curly strands”, “curly gel fibers”, “noodle-like strands”, “noodle-like gel fibers”, “kinked strands”, etc.

Schematic examples of a non-linear strand of the invention are shown as the solid lines in Figures 8 and 10, although it will be appreciated that these figures show a two dimensional representation of a three dimensional structure. In reality, each strand is three dimensional, and may also be non-linear in three dimensions. By “nonlinear” in three dimensions it is meant that the stands of the invention are non-linear in the x, y and z directions. A spring or coil is an example of a shape which is nonlinear in the x, y and z directions. In contrast, other strands may be non-linear in two dimensions (e.g. the x and y direction), but linear or flat in the third dimension (e.g. the z direction).

Each non-linear strand may have a diameter from about 0.05 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm or 0.5 mm to about 3 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.1 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.6 mm or 0.5 mm. In some embodiments, each non-linear strand has a diameter of from about 0.05 mm to about 3 mm, from about 0.3 to about 2.5 mm, from about 0.5 to about 1.5 mm, or from about 0.7 to about 1.1 mm. In some embodiments, each non-linear strand has a diameter of from about 0.1 to about 2 mm, from about 0.2 to about 1.1 mm, from about 0.3 to about 0.6 mm, or from about 0.2 to about 0.4 mm. The diameter, also referred to as the width, is defined as the longest dimension of the cross-section of the strand.

Each non-linear strand may have a circular or substantially circular crosssection. The cross-section is the shape exposed by making a straight cut through the strand at right angles to the length at that point. An example of a circular cross-section of a strand is shown in Figure 9, with the cross-section being taken at the dotted line on the schematic representation of the strand of the invention as shown in Figure 8.

However, as will be described below, the shape of the strands are determined by the way in which they are made, and therefore the skilled person would recognise that strands having other cross-sectional shapes (e.g. rectangular, substantially rectangular, triangular or substantially triangular) could also be made.

In some embodiments, the non-linear strands are of the invention are homogenous through the cross-section. That is, some embodiments the composition of the strands is homogeneous.

Each non-linear strand may have a thickness of from about 0.05 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm or 0.5 mm to about 3 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.1 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.6 mm or 0.5 mm. In some embodiments, each non-linear strand has a thickness of from about 0.05 mm to about 3 mm, from about 0.3 to about 2.5 mm, from about 0.5 to about 1.5 mm, or from about 0.7 to about 1.1 mm. In some embodiments, each non-linear strand has a thickness of from about 0.1 to about 2 mm, from about 0.2 to about 1.1 mm, or from about 0.3 to about 0.6 mm, or from about 0.2 to about 0.4 mm. As used herein, the term “thickness” is the dimension of the cross-section which is perpendicular to the diameter or width.

When the cross-section of the non-linear strand is a circle, the ratio of the diameter to the thickness of the non-linear strand will be 1. Each non-linear strand may have a diameter to thickness ratio of from about 1 :2 to about 2:1 , such as from about 3:2 to about 2:3, such as about 1 :1.

Each non-linear strand may have an overall length (also referred to herein as the total length) of from about 8 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm or 30 mm to about 200 mm, 100 mm, 75 mm or 50 mm. The overall or total length of each strand is also referred to herein as the uncoiled length, and is defined as the theoretical length if the strand was extended to be straight. For example, the overall length of the strand shown in Figure 10 is the total length of the strand, i.e. the length of the solid black line if this was straightened out. In some embodiments, each non-linear strand has an overall length of from about 10 mm to about 200 mm, such as from about 20 mm to about 100 mm, or from about 30 mm to about 50 mm.

Each non-linear strand may have an a free-length of from about 3 mm, 5 mm, 8 mm or 11 mm to about 25 mm, 22 mm, 20 mm or 18mm. The term “free length” as used herein is intended to mean the shortest (linear) length between the furthest ends of the strand in its natural non-linear (or curly) state (e.g. the distance between the ends of the strand “as the crow flies”). This is also referred to herein as the coiled length. For example, in Figure 10 the free-length or coiled length of the strand is shown by the dashed line. Non-linear strands with a free-length outside of the ranges disclosed herein may clump together more readily than non-linear strands having a free-length as defined herein.

In some embodiments, each non-linear strand has a free or coiled length of from about 2 mm to about 35 mm, such as from about 3 mm to about 25 mm, from about 6 to about 23 mm, from about 8 mm to about 22 mm, or from about 11 mm to about 20 mm.

The total or uncoiled length is greater than the free or coiled length. In some embodiments, the ratio between the total length and the free length of each nonlinear strand (i.e. the total length divided by the free length) is at least about 1 .2, such as at least about 1.3, at least about 1.5 or at least about 2. In some embodiments, the ratio between the total length and the free length of each non-linear strand is less than about 10, less than about 8 or less than about 6. In some embodiments, the ratio between the total length and the free length of each non-linear strand is from about 1 .2 to about 10, such as from about 1 .5 to about 5, or from about 2 to about 5.

In some embodiments, the aspect ratio of the non-linear strands (i.e. the total length divided by the diameter) ranges from about 5 to about 200, such as from about 10 to about 100 or about 20 to about 50.

In some embodiments, the tensile strength of each strand is at least about 0.2 N, at least about 0.3 N, at least about 0.4 N, at least about 0.5 N or at least about 0.6 N. In some embodiments, the tensile strength of each strand ranges from about 0.2 N, 0.3 N, 0.4 N, 0.5 N or 0.6 N to about 3.0 N, 2.5 N, 2.0 N, 1.5 N, 1.3 N or 1.0 N. In some embodiments, the tensile strength of each strand ranges from about 0.2 N to about 3.0 N, from about 0.3 N to about 2.5 N, or from about 0.5 N to about 1.3 N.

The tensile strength of the non-linear strands of the present invention may be determined by measuring the tensile force needed to break the strand. A suitable test procedure is set out in ISO 527-3:1995. As used herein, the tensile strength is essentially the force needed to break the strand, and is given as a force (in Newtons) per strand. The force needed to break the strand may be determined using an appropriate machine, for example a tensile testing machine from Instron, model 68TM-5. Before measuring the tensile strength, the samples should be conditioned at 22°C ± 1°C and a relative humidity (RH) of (60± 2) % for at least 48 hours. The atmospheric pressure should be within the range 96 kPa ± 10 kPa.

In some embodiments, the uncoiled length, coiled length, aspect ratio and/or tensile strength values of each strand may be calculated as averages of measurements taken for multiple strands. For example, the values may be calculated as averages of measurements taken for from about 5 to about 100 strands, such as from about 20 to about 70 strands, such as 50 strands.

In some embodiments, the maximum elongation at break of each strand is at least about 1.5 %, at least about 2 %, at least about 3.5 %, at least about 5 %, at least about 7.5 %, or at least about 10 %. In some embodiments, the elongation at break of each strand is less than about 50 %, less than about 35 %, less than about 30 % or less than about 25 %.

In some embodiments, the elongation at break of each strand ranges from about 1.5 % to about 50 %, from about 2 % to about 35 %, or from about 5 % to about 25 %.

The elongation at break of the non-linear strands of the present invention may be determined by any suitable test. For example, a strand may be clamped into a measuring device (such as an Instron model 68TM-5 or equivalent) with a clamping length of 180 mm +/- 0.5 mm, and then pulled apart at a constant speed of 20 mm/min. The length of the strand at the start and the length of the strand at the point of break are measured.

Elongation at break measures how much bending and shaping a material can withstand without breaking, and can be determined as follows in equation 1 : Elongation at break (%) = 100

Equation 1 where AL is the length change at the moment of sample rupture (i.e. the length of the strand at the point of break minus the length of the strand at the start), and Lo is the strand length at the start of the test.

The flexibility of the non-linear strands may be characterised by a combination of both good tensile strength and good elongation. A higher flexibility of the non-linear strands is desired to reduce the possibility of the non-linear strands breaking during processing. Non-linear strands with higher flexibility are also less likely to inadvertently pierce the wrapper of a consumable.

In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating material has a fill value of at least about 2 cm ³ /g, 2.5 cm ³ /g, 3 cm ³ /g, 3.5 cm ³ /g, 4 cm ³ /g, 4.5 cm ³ /g, or 5 cm ³ /g. In some embodiments the fill value is less than about 6 cm ³ /g, 6.5 cm ³ /g, 7 cm ³ /g, 7.5 cm ³ /g, 8 cm ³ /g, 8.5 cm ³ /g, 9 cm ³ /g, 9.5 cm ³ /g or 10 cm ³ /g. In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating material has a fill value from about 2 cm ³ /g to about 7.5 cm ³ /g, from about 3 cm ³ /g to about 7 cm ³ /g, from about 3.5 cm ³ /g to about 6 cm ³ /g or from about 4 cm ³ /g to about 6 cm ³ /g. In other embodiments, the aerosol-generating material has a fill value of from about 3 cm ³ /g to about 10 cm ³ /g, from about 4 cm ³ /g to about 9.5 cm ³ /g, from about 4.5 cm ³ /g to about 9 cm ³ /g or from about 5 cm ³ /g to about 9 cm ³ /g.

The fill value is measured by placing a known weight of material within a cylinder of known dimensions. It is subjected to pressure from a weighted piston for 30 seconds. The residual height of the compressed sample is measured and converted to volume. The fill value is then calculated as the volume of material over the mass. In more detail, the fill value of the non-linear strands of the present invention may be determined by the following procedure: a 20 g sample of the material is deposited into a 60 mm diameter cylinder of a densimeter and then the material is compressed with a 2.90 ± 0.03 kg piston for 30 seconds. The height of the piston in the densimeter is measured. The fill values of the samples are calculated according to the following formulae.

The volume occupied by the material when compressed is determined using Formula 1 :

Formula 1 r = radius of cylinder (cm) h = measured height (mm)

The fill value is then determined using the measured volume and mass of material according to Formula 2:

Volume [cm ³ ]

Fill value [cm ³ /q] = - — —

^{L J} Mass [g]

Formula 2

The fill value can also be given in units of cm ³ /10g, with 1 cm ³ /g being equal to 10 cm ³ /10g.

The inventors have found that the aerosol-generating material of the present invention has a higher fill value than aerosol-generating materials comprising the same components but which are formed as flat sheets (e.g. by casting), rolled sheets (e.g. by rolling flat sheets), or shredded sheets (e.g. by shredding flat sheets). Filling value (also referred to herein as fill value) is a measure of the volume occupied by a given mass of material when a given pressure is applied. That is, the fill value is a measure of the ability of a material to occupy a specific volume.

By using a higher fill value material as an aerosol-generating material, it may be possible to provide articles and consumables having a lower overall weight than conventional articles. Reducing the overall weight can provide numerous advantages, such as reduced transportation costs as well as reduced material costs and/or taxes. Furthermore, reducing the weight of articles may also have a positive impact on the environment because less energy may be required to transport articles. In addition, consumers may prefer to carry and use a lighter-weight article. The material could also be used as a non-tobacco containing aerosol generating substrate.

The materials of the present invention have a higher fill value than conventional aerosol-generating materials because the packing efficiency of the aerosol-generating material in the form of non-linear strands is lower than conventional aerosol-generating materials, which may be in the form of flat sheets, rolled sheets or shredded sheets. That is, if a container having a given volume were filled with the material of the invention, the percentage of the container which is occupied by material would be lower than for a conventional aerosol-generating material which may be in the form of a flat, rolled or shredded sheet. Put another way, there would be a higher volume of voids or empty space in the container containing the material of the invention. Thus, less aerosol-generating material would be needed to fill the container.

It is therefore advantageous to be able to form materials having a similar chemical composition to conventional aerosol-generating materials, but which are in the form described herein, such that they have a higher fill value.

Figure 11 shows an image of the same weight of an aerosol-generating material in the form of strands of the invention (left), compared to a similar material which is formed as a flat sheet and then shredded (right).

Figure 12 shows a photograph of an aerosol-generating material of the invention in the form of a number of non-linear strands. The aerosol-generating material may comprise about 1 wt%, 3wt%, 5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt% or 20wt% to about 80wt%, 60wt%, 50wt%, 40wt% or 30wt% of aerosol-generating agent (all calculated on a dry weight basis). In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating material comprises 1-80 wt%, 5-60wt%, or 10- 50wt% of aerosol-generating agent (all calculated on a dry weight basis). In other embodiments, the aerosol-generating material comprises 10-45wt%, 20-40wt% or 30-40wt% of aerosol-generating agent (all calculated on a dry weight basis). In embodiments, the aerosol-generating material comprises 10-40wt% or 15-30wt% of aerosol-generating agent (all calculated on a dry weight basis). These amounts represent the total amount of aerosol-generating agent(s) in the aerosol-generating material.

In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating agent may comprise one or more of glycerol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1 ,3-butylene glycol, erythritol, meso-Erythritol, ethyl vanillate, ethyl laurate, a diethyl suberate, triethyl citrate, triacetin, a diacetin mixture, benzyl benzoate, benzyl phenyl acetate, tributyrin, lauryl acetate, lauric acid, myristic acid, and propylene carbonate. In some cases, the aerosol-generating agent comprises, consists essentially of or consists of glycerol.

The aerosol-generating material may comprise an amount of about 1wt%, 5wt%, 6wt%, 7wt%, 10wt%, or 15wt% to about 25wt%, 30wt%, 40wt%, 50wt% or 60wt% of crosslinked binder (all calculated on a dry weight basis). For example, the aerosol-generating material may comprise an amount of 1-60wt%, 5-50wt%, 6- 40wt%, 7-30wt% or 15-25wt% of binder (dry weight basis). These amounts represent the total amount of binder(s) in the aerosol-generating material.

The crosslinked binder may comprise or consist of a non-cellulosic binder. Examples of non-cellulosic binders which may be used include, but are not limited to, alginates, pectins, carrageenans (e.g. iota-carrageenan), gellan gums (e.g. high acyl gellan gum), and combinations thereof. The crosslinked binder may comprise or consist of a flexible binder. Examples of flexible binders which may be used include, but are not limited to, pectins, iota- carrageenan, gellan gums (e.g. high acyl gellan gum), and combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the crosslinked binder comprises a flexible binder in combination with one or more other binders such as alginate.

In some embodiments, the binder comprises alginate and/or pectin and/or iota-carrageenan.

In some embodiments, the binder comprises alginate and/or iota- carrageenan.

In some embodiments, the binder comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of alginate and iota-carrageenan.

In some embodiments, the binder does not comprise alginate.

In some embodiments, the binder comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of iota-carrageenan.

The aerosol-generating material may be substantially free of cellulosic binder. “Substantially free” means that material comprises less than 1wt%, such as less than 0.5wt% of the relevant component (dry weight basis). In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating material does not comprise a cellulosic binder.

The aerosol-generating material may be substantially free of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating material does not comprise CMC.

In some embodiments, the binder comprises alginate, and the alginate is present in the aerosol-generating material in an amount of 1-30wt%, 2-20wt%, 3-20wt%, or 5-15wt% of the aerosol-generating material (calculated on a dry weight basis). In some embodiments, the binder comprises alginate and at least one non- cellulosic flexible binder, such as iota-carrageenan. In some embodiments, the binder comprises iota-carrageenan, and the iota- carrageenan is present in the aerosol-generating material in an amount of 1-30wt%, 2-20wt%, 2-20wt%, or 10-20wt% of the aerosol-generating material (calculated on a dry weight basis).

In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating material comprises 5-15wt% alginate and 10-20wt% iota-carrageenan (calculated on a dry weight basis).

In some embodiments, iota-carrageenan is the only binder present in the aerosol-generating material. In other embodiments, the binder comprises iota- carrageenan and at least one further non-cellulosic binder.

In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating material comprises multiple binders. In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating material comprises a crosslinked binder and a non-crosslinked binder. If present, the non-crosslinked binder may be a cellulosic binder. Examples of cellulosic binders which may be used include, but are not limited to, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), and cellulose acetate propionate (CAP). In some embodiments, the cellulosic binder is selected from hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and/or carboxymethylcellulose. In some embodiments, the cellulosic binder comprises carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). In some embodiments, the cellulosic binder is carboxymethylcellulose (CMC).

In some embodiments an aerosol-generating material is provided in the form of one or more non-linear strands, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises an aerosol-generating agent and a binder selected from the group consisting of alginate, pectin, carrageenan, (such as iota-carrageenan), gellan gum (such as high acyl gellan gum), and combinations thereof. In this material the total amount of binder may be the same as the amounts described above in relation to the crosslinked binder. For example, the aerosol-generating material of this embodiment may comprise an amount of 1-60 wt%, 5-50 wt%, 6-40wt%, 7-20wt% or 15-25 wt% of binder (dry weight basis). All aspects of the invention described herein are applicable to any aerosolgenerating material of the invention.

In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating material comprises a crosslinking agent. In some cases, the crosslinking agent comprises calcium ions. In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent comprises calcium lactate, calcium formate, and/or calcium acetate. In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent comprises calcium lactate. In some cases, the aerosol-generating material comprises a calcium-crosslinked alginate. The crosslinking agent may also be described as a setting agent.

The aerosol-generating material may comprise about 0.5wt%, 1wt%, 3wt% or 5wt% to about 10wt%, 9wt%, 8 wt% or 7wt% of crosslinking agent (all calculated on a dry weight basis). For example, the aerosol-generating material may comprise 1-10 wt%, 3-8 wt% or 5-7 wt% of crosslinking agent (dry weight basis). These amounts represent the total amount of crosslinking agent(s) in the aerosol-generating material.

The aerosol-generating material may comprise about 1wt%, 10wt% or 20wt% to about 80wt%, 60wt% or 50wt% of flavour (all calculated on a dry weight basis). For example, the aerosol-generating material may comprise 1-80wt%, 10-60wt%, or 20-50wt% of flavour. These amounts represent the total amount of flavour(s) in the aerosol-generating material, if a flavour is present.

As used herein, the terms “flavour” and “flavourant” refer to materials which, where local regulations permit, may be used to create a desired taste, aroma, or other somatosensorial sensation in a product for adult consumers. They may include naturally occurring flavour materials, botanicals, extracts of botanicals, synthetically obtained materials, or combinations thereof (e.g., tobacco, cannabis, licorice (liquorice), hydrangea, eugenol, Japanese white bark magnolia leaf, chamomile, fenugreek, clove, maple, matcha, menthol, Japanese mint, aniseed (anise), cinnamon, turmeric, Indian spices, Asian spices, herb, Wintergreen, cherry, berry, red berry, cranberry, peach, apple, orange, mango, clementine, lemon, lime, tropical fruit, papaya, rhubarb, grape, durian, dragon fruit, cucumber, blueberry, mulberry, citrus fruits, Drambuie, bourbon, scotch, whiskey, gin, tequila, rum, spearmint, peppermint, lavender, aloe vera, cardamom, celery, cascarilla, nutmeg, sandalwood, bergamot, geranium, khat, naswar, betel, shisha, pine, honey essence, rose oil, vanilla, lemon oil, orange oil, orange blossom, cherry blossom, cassia, caraway, cognac, jasmine, ylang-ylang, sage, fennel, wasabi, piment, ginger, coriander, coffee, hemp, a mint oil from any species of the genus Mentha, eucalyptus, star anise, cocoa, lemongrass, rooibos, flax, ginkgo biloba, hazel, hibiscus, laurel, mate, orange skin, rose, tea such as green tea or black tea, thyme, juniper, elderflower, basil, bay leaves, cumin, oregano, paprika, rosemary, saffron, lemon peel, mint, beefsteak plant, curcuma, cilantro, myrtle, cassis, valerian, pimento, mace, damien, marjoram, olive, lemon balm, lemon basil, chive, carvi, verbena, tarragon, limonene, thymol, camphene), flavour enhancers, bitterness receptor site blockers, sensorial receptor site activators or stimulators, sugars and/or sugar substitutes (e.g., sucralose, acesulfame potassium, aspartame, saccharine, cyclamates, lactose, sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbitol, or mannitol), and other additives such as charcoal, chlorophyll, minerals, botanicals, or breath freshening agents. They may be imitation, synthetic or natural ingredients or blends thereof. They may be in any suitable form, for example, liquid such as an oil, solid such as a powder, or gas.

In some embodiments, the flavour comprises menthol, spearmint and/or peppermint. In some embodiments, the flavour comprises, consists essentially of or consists of menthol.

In some embodiments the flavourant is a water-soluble flavourant.

The flavourant may be incorporated during the formation of the aerosolgenerating material (e.g. when forming a slurry comprising the materials that form the aerosol-generating material) or it may be applied to the aerosol-generating material after its formation (e.g. by spraying it onto the aerosol-generating material after drying).

In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 1wt%, 5wt%, 10wt%, 18wt%, 20wt%, 30wt% or 40wt% to about 80wt%, 70wt%, 60wt%, 50wt%, 45wt%, 40wt%, 35wt% or 30wt% of filler (all calculated on a dry weight basis). For example, the aerosol-generating material may comprise 1-60wt%, 1-50wt%. 5-45wt%, 10-40wt%, 18-35wt% or 20-30wt% of filler (all calculated on a dry weight basis). Alternatively, the aerosol-generating material may comprise 1- 70wt%, 10-65wt%, 20-60wt%, 30-60wt%, or 40-60wt% of filler (all calculated on a dry weight basis). In other embodiments, the aerosol-generating material may comprise 10-80wt%, 20-70wt%, 30-65wt% or 40-65wt% of filler (all calculated on a dry weight basis). These amounts represent the total amount of filler(s) in the aerosol-generating material.

In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating material comprises less than 70 wt.% filler, such as less than 60 wt.% filler, less than 50 wt.%, less than 30 wt.%, less than 20 wt.% or less than 10 wt.%. In some embodiments the aerosol-generating material is substantially free or complete free of filler.

The filler may comprise one or more inorganic filler materials, such as calcium carbonate, perlite, vermiculite, diatomaceous earth, colloidal silica, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulphate, magnesium carbonate, and suitable inorganic sorbents, such as molecular sieves. The filler may comprise one or more organic filler materials such as wood pulp, cellulose and cellulose derivatives (e.g. ground cellulose). In particular cases, aerosol-generating material comprises less than 10 wt%, less than 5 wt%, less than 1 wt% or no calcium carbonate such as chalk. It may be desirable to avoid including high amounts of calcium carbonate (e.g. more than 10 wt%, more than 25 wt% or more than 50 wt%) in the material because calcium carbonate has a high density. As such, including high amounts of calcium carbonate can cause the material to become dense and/or have a low fill value and/or may delay aerosol release.

In particular embodiments the filler is fibrous. For example, the filler may be a fibrous organic filler material such as wood pulp, hemp fibre, cellulose or cellulose derivatives, such as microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), nanocrystalline cellulose and/or ground cellulose. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that including fibrous filler in an aerosol-generating material may increase the tensile strength of the material.

In some cases, the filler comprises wood pulp, MCC and/or ground cellulose.

In some cases, the filler comprises MCC and ground cellulose. In some cases, the filler comprises (or is) wood pulp.

In some cases, the filler does not comprise wood pulp.

In some cases, the aerosol-generating material comprises less than 10 wt% wood pulp, such as less than about 5 wt%, less than about 4 wt%, less than about 2 wt% or less than about 1 wt%. In some cases, the aerosol-generating material comprises no wood pulp.

In some cases, any filler present in the aerosol-generating material has a particle size of less than about 2 mm, such as less than about 1.5 mm, less than about 1 mm, less than about 0.5 mm, less than about 0.4 mm, less than about 0.3 mm or less than about 0.2 mm.

In some cases, any filler present in the aerosol-generating material has an average (e.g. number average) particle size of less than about 2 mm, such as less than about 1.5 mm, less than about 1 mm, less than about 0.5 mm, less than about 0.4 mm, less than about 0.3 mm or less than about 0.2 mm

As used herein, the term “particle size” refers to the longest dimension of a particle (e.g. the diameter of a spherical particle). Particles of different sizes can be separated by known methods, such as sieving.

It has been found that forming a material of the invention including wood pulp can be difficult, as the wood pulp may clog or block the nozzle through which the mixture is ejected. It is believed that this may be due to the particle size of wood pulp, which is typically at least 0.5 mm and often at least 1 mm. As a result, it may be advantageous to reduce the amount of wood pulp present in the material and/or ensure that any filler present in the material has a small particle size (e.g. less than the size of the nozzle diameter). Reducing the amount of wood pulp present in the material can also cause the viscosity of the mixture used to form the material to increase. Since the (optional) filler is the only particulate component of the aerosolgenerating material, only the particle size of the filler needs to controlled.

In some cases, the filler comprises maltodextrin or microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). As would be well understood by the skilled person, microcrystalline cellulose may be formed by depolymerising cellulose by a chemical process (e.g. using an acid or enzyme). One example method for forming microcrystalline cellulose involves acid hydrolysis of cellulose, using an acid such as HCI. The cellulose produced after this treatment is crystalline (i.e. no amorphous regions remain). Suitable methods and conditions for forming microcrystalline cellulose are well-known in the art.

In some cases, the filler has a density of less than about 2 g/cm ³ , such as less than about 0.5 g/cm ³ or less than about 0.3 g/cm ³ .

The aerosol-generating material may have any suitable water content, such as from 1wt % to 15wt%. Suitably, the water content of the aerosol-generating material may be from about 5wt%, 7wt% or 9wt% to about 15wt%, 13wt%, 11wt%, 9wt% or 8wt% (wet weight basis) (WWB). In some embodiments, the aerosolgenerating material has a water content of less than about 9 wt% (WWB), such as less than about 8 wt% (WWB). The water content of the aerosol-generating material may, for example, be determined by Karl-Fischer-titration or Gas Chromatography with Thermal Conductivity Detector (GC-TCD).

Amounts of constituents of the aerosol-generating material, such as aerosolgenerating agent (e.g. glycerol) and flavourant (e.g. menthol), can be determined by gas chromatography with a flame ionisation detector (GC-FID).

The aerosol-generating material may comprise a colourant. The addition of a colourant may alter the visual appearance of the aerosol-generating material. The presence of colourant in the aerosol-generating material may enhance the visual appearance of the aerosol-generating material and the aerosol-generating composition. By adding a colourant to the aerosol-generating material, the aerosolgenerating material may be colour-matched to other components of the aerosolgenerating composition or to other components of an article comprising the aerosolgenerating material. A variety of colourants may be used depending on the desired colour of the aerosol-generating material. The colour of aerosol-generating material may be, for example, white, green, red, purple, blue, brown or black. Other colours are also envisaged. Natural or synthetic colourants, such as natural or synthetic dyes, foodgrade colourants and pharmaceutical-grade colourants may be used. In certain embodiments, the colourant is caramel, which may confer the aerosol-generating material with a brown appearance. In such embodiments, the colour of the aerosolgenerating material may be similar to the colour of other components (such as tobacco material) in an aerosol-generating composition comprising the aerosolgenerating material. In some embodiments, the addition of a colourant to the aerosolgenerating material renders it visually indistinguishable from other components in the aerosol-generating composition.

The colourant may be incorporated during the formation of the aerosolgenerating material (e.g. when forming a slurry comprising the materials that form the aerosol-generating material) or it may be applied to the aerosol-generating material after its formation (e.g. by spraying it onto the aerosol-generating material).

In some embodiments, (brown) wood pulp is present as a filler, and a colourant may therefore be unnecessary.

In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating composition additionally comprises an active substance, such that the aerosol-generating composition comprises the aerosol-generating material and an active substance. For example, in some cases, the aerosol-generating composition additionally comprises a tobacco material and/or nicotine. In some cases, the aerosol-generating composition may comprise 5-60wt% (calculated on a dry weight basis) of a tobacco material and/or nicotine. In some cases, the aerosol-generating composition may comprise from about 1wt%, 5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt%, 20wt% or25wt% to about 70wt%, 60wt%, 50wt%, 45wt%, 40wt%, 35wt%, or 30wt% (calculated on a dry weight basis) of an active substance. In some cases, the aerosol-generating composition may comprise from about 1wt%, 5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt%, 20wt% or25wt% to about 70wt%, 60wt%, 50wt%, 45wt%, 40wt%, 35wt%, or 30wt% (calculated on a dry weight basis) of a tobacco material. For example, the aerosol-generating composition may comprise 10-50wt%, 15-40wt% or 20-35wt% of a tobacco material. In some cases, the aerosol-generating composition may comprise from about 1wt%, 2wt%, 3wt% or 4wt% to about 20wt%, 18wt%, 15wt% or 12wt% (calculated on a dry weight basis) of nicotine. For example, the aerosol-generating composition may comprise 1-20wt%, 2-18wt% or 3-12wt% of nicotine.

In some cases, the aerosol-generating material may comprise a botanical extract. The aerosol-generating material may comprise about 1 wt%, 3 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt %, 30 wt%, 35 wt% or 40 wt% to about to 30 wt%, 35 wt%, 40 wt%, 50 wt%, 60 wt%, 65 wt % or 70 wt% of botanical extract (all calculated on a dry weight basis). In exemplary embodiments, the aerosol-generating material comprises 1-70 wt%, 5-60 wt%, or 10-50 wt% of botanical extract (all calculated on a dry weight basis). In other embodiments, the aerosol-generating material may comprise 10-40 wt%, 10-35 wt%, 15-30 wt% of botanical extract (all calculated on a dry weight basis). In other embodiments, the aerosol-generating material may comprise 10-70 wt%, 20-65 wt%, 40-60 wt% of botanical extract (all calculated on a dry weight basis). These amounts represent the total amount of botanical extract(s) in the aerosol-generating material.

The botanical extract may comprise or consist of a botanical extract which naturally contains metal (e.g. calcium or magnesium) ions (i.e. the ions are present without being added). In some embodiments, the botanical extract naturally contains calcium ions. The botanical extract may also be described as a plant extract.

As used herein, the term "botanical extract" includes an extract of any material derived from plants including, but not limited to, extracts, leaves, bark, fibres, stems, roots, seeds, flowers, fruits, pollen, husk, shells or the like. Alternatively, the botanical extract may comprise an active compound naturally existing in a botanical, obtained synthetically. Example botanicals are tobacco, eucalyptus, star anise, hemp, cocoa, cannabis, fennel, lemongrass, peppermint, spearmint, rooibos, chamomile, flax, ginger, ginkgo biloba, hazel, hibiscus, laurel, licorice (liquorice), matcha, mate, orange skin, papaya, rose, sage, tea such as green tea or black tea, thyme, clove, cinnamon, coffee, aniseed (anise), basil, bay leaves, cardamom, coriander, cumin, nutmeg, oregano, paprika, rosemary, saffron, lavender, lemon peel, mint, juniper, elderflower, vanilla, Wintergreen, beefsteak plant, curcuma, turmeric, sandalwood, cilantro, bergamot, orange blossom, myrtle, cassis, valerian, pimento, mace, damien, marjoram, olive, lemon balm, lemon basil, chive, carvi, verbena, tarragon, geranium, mulberry, ginseng, theanine, theacrine, maca, ashwagandha, damiana, guarana, chlorophyll, baobab or any combination thereof. The mint may be chosen from the following mint varieties: Mentha Arventis, Mentha c.v., Mentha niliaca, Mentha piperita, Mentha piperita citrata c.v., Mentha piperita c.v, Mentha spicata crispa, Mentha cardifolia, Memtha longifolia, Mentha suaveolens variegata, Mentha pulegium, Mentha spicata c.v. and Mentha suaveolens.

In some embodiments, the botanical extract comprises a tobacco extract. In some embodiments, the botanical extract consists essentially of or consists of a tobacco extract. That is, in some embodiments the botanical extract is a tobacco extract.

In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating material comprises a particulate botanical material. The aerosol-generating material may comprise about 1 wt%, 3 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt %, 30 wt%, 35 wt% or 40 wt% to about to 30 wt%, 35 wt%, 40 wt%, 50 wt%, 60 wt%, 65 wt % or 70 wt% of particulate botanical material (all calculated on a dry weight basis). In exemplary embodiments, the aerosol-generating material comprises 1-70 wt%, 5-60 wt%, 10-50 wt%, or 30-40 wt% of particulate botanical material (all calculated on a dry weight basis).

In some embodiments, the particulate botanical comprises or is particulate tobacco material.

In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating material comprises an additional active other than a botanical extract. In some embodiments, the active comprises nicotine. In some embodiments, the active substance comprises caffeine, melatonin or vitamin B12.

In some embodiments, the active substance may comprise one or more constituents, derivatives or extracts of cannabis, such as one or more cannabinoids or terpenes. Cannabinoids are a class of natural or synthetic chemical compounds which act on cannabinoid receptors (i.e., CB1 and CB2) in cells that repress neurotransmitter release in the brain. Cannabinoids may be naturally occurring (phytocannabinoids) from plants such as cannabis, from animals (endocannabinoids), or artificially manufactured (synthetic cannabinoids). Cannabis species express at least 85 different phytocannabinoids, and are divided into subclasses, including cannabigerols, cannabichromenes, cannabidiols, tetrahydrocannabinols, cannabinols and cannabinodiols, and other cannabinoids. Cannabinoids found in cannabis include, without limitation: cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabinodiol (CBDL), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabivarin (CBV), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabichromevarin (CBCV), cannabigerovarin (CBGV), cannabigerol monomethyl ether (CBGM), cannabinerolic acid, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), Cannabinol propyl variant (CBNV), cannabitriol (CBO), tetrahydrocannabmolic acid (THCA), and tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCV A).

In some embodiments, the active substance may comprise a cannabinoid, such as cannabidiol (CBD).

In some cases, the aerosol-generating composition comprises an active substance such as tobacco extract. In some cases, the aerosol-generating composition may comprise 5-60wt% (calculated on a dry weight basis) of tobacco extract. In some cases, the aerosol-generating composition may comprise from about 5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt%, 20wt% or 25wt% to about 60wt%, 50wt%, 45wt%, 40wt%, 35wt%, or 30wt% (calculated on a dry weight basis) tobacco extract. For example, the aerosol-generating composition may comprise 10-50wt%, 15-40wt% or 20- 35wt% of tobacco extract. The tobacco extract may contain nicotine at a concentration such that the aerosol-generating composition comprises 1wt% 1.5wt%, 2wt% or 2.5wt% to about 10wt%, 8wt%, 6wt%, 5wt%, 4.5wt% or 4wt% (calculated on a dry weight basis) of nicotine. In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating composition may comprise 1-10 wt%, 2.5-8 wt% or 2-6wt% nicotine. In some cases, there may be no nicotine in the aerosol-generating composition other than that which results from the tobacco extract. In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating composition comprises the aerosol-generating material defined herein and a second aerosol-generating material, which may be tobacco. Thus, in some embodiments, the aerosol-generating composition comprises the aerosol-generating material defined herein and tobacco.

In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating material may be shredded and then mixed with tobacco, such as cut-rag tobacco. In another embodiment, the aerosol-generating composition may be in the form of a shredded composition, where the aerosol-generating material and the tobacco are both shredded and mixed together. In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating composition may comprise from about 5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt% or 20wt% to about 35wt%, 40wt%, 45wt% or 50wt% aerosol-generating material. For example, the aerosol-generating composition may comprise from about 10 to about 50 wt% of the aerosol-generating material of the invention, such as from about 20 to about 40 wt%. The remainder of the aerosolgenerating composition may comprise tobacco, optionally in combination with a flavourant and/or an acid.

The aerosol-generating composition may comprise from about 10 to about 50 wt% aerosol-generating material and from about 50 to about 90 wt% tobacco, or from about 20 to about 40 wt% aerosol-generating material and from about 60 to about 80 wt% tobacco.

In some embodiments the tobacco comprises (or is) dry ice expanded tobacco (DIET). In some embodiments the aerosol-generating composition comprises a mixture of the aerosol-generating material of the invention and DIET, optionally in combination with other tobacco (e.g. cut rag tobacco).

DIET is known to have a very high filling value (generally above 7 cm ³ /g), and is sometimes used to reduce the weight of an article or consumable for use in an aerosol provision system. However, it is also known to have a poor flavour profile. The presently claimed aerosol-generating material may therefore offer an improved alternative to DIET, because it has a high fill value but an improved taste profile. It may also be possible to combine DIET with the aerosol-generating material of the invention, thereby reducing the amount of DIET needed to achieve the desired fill value. In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating composition comprises no tobacco material but does comprise nicotine. In some such cases, the aerosolgenerating composition may comprise from about 1wt%, 2wt%, 3wt% or 4wt% to about 20wt%, 18wt%, 15wt% or 12wt% (calculated on a dry weight basis) of nicotine. For example, the aerosol-generating composition may comprise 1-20wt%, 2-18wt% or 3-12wt% of nicotine.

The fill value of the aerosol-generating composition may be determined by the fill value of the aerosol-generating material, the fill value of any other material in the composition (e.g. tobacco), and the relative proportions of the materials in the composition. The fill value of a composition may therefore be estimated. For example, a composition comprising 20 wt% of an aerosol-generating material of the invention having a fill value of 7 cm ³ /g and 80 wt% of tobacco having a fill value of 5 cm ³ /g would be expected to have a fill value of around 5.4 cm ³ /g ([7*0.2]+[5*0.8] = 5.4).

In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating composition has a fill value of at least about 2 cm ³ /g, 2.5 cm ³ /g, 3 cm ³ /g, 3.5 cm ³ /g, 4 cm ³ /g, 4.5 cm ³ /g, or 5 cm ³ /g. In some embodiments the fill value is less than about 6 cm ³ /g, 6.5 cm ³ /g, 7 cm ³ /g, 7.5 cm ³ /g, 8 cm ³ /g, 8.5 cm ³ /g, 9 cm ³ /g, 9.5 cm ³ /g or 10 cm ³ /g. In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating composition has a fill value from about 2 cm ³ /g to about 7.5 cm ³ /g, from about 3 cm ³ /g to about 7 cm ³ /g, from about 3.5 cm ³ /g to about 6 cm ³ /g from about 4 cm ³ /g to about 6 cm ³ /g or from about 5 cm ³ /g to about 6 cm ³ /g. In other embodiments, the aerosol-generating composition has a fill value of from about 3 cm ³ /g to about 10 cm ³ /g, from about 4 cm ³ /g to about 9.5 cm ³ /g, from about 4.5 cm ³ /g to about 9 cm ³ /g or from about 5 cm ³ /g to about 9 cm ³ /g.

The aerosol-generating material and/or the aerosol-generating composition may comprise an acid. The acid may be an organic acid. In some of these embodiments, the acid may be at least one of a monoprotic acid, a diprotic acid and a triprotic acid. In some such embodiments, the acid may contain at least one carboxyl functional group. In some such embodiments, the acid may be at least one of an alpha-hydroxy acid, carboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid, tricarboxylic acid and keto acid. In some such embodiments, the acid may be an alpha-keto acid. In some such embodiments, the acid may be at least one of succinic acid, lactic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, levulinic acid, acetic acid, malic acid, formic acid, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, propanoic and pyruvic acid.

Suitably the acid is lactic acid. In other embodiments, the acid is benzoic acid. In other embodiments the acid may be an inorganic acid. In some of these embodiments the acid may be a mineral acid. In some such embodiments, the acid may be at least one of sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, boric acid and phosphoric acid. In some embodiments, the acid is levulinic acid and/or pyruvic acid.

In some embodiments, the acid is selected from lactic acid, benzoic acid and levulinic acid.

Inclusion of an acid is particularly preferred in embodiments in which the aerosol-generating composition comprises nicotine. The presence of the acid may reduce or substantially prevent evaporation of nicotine during drying of the slurry, thereby reducing loss of nicotine during manufacturing. The presence of the acid may also improve the flavour and impact of the aerosol when nicotine is present. For example, the perceived harshness of the nicotine may be reduced by the presence of the acid.

In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating material is substantially free from tobacco. By “substantially free from” it is meant that the material comprises less than 1wt%, such as less than 0.5wt% tobacco (dry weight basis). In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating material is free from tobacco. In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating material does not comprise tobacco fibres. In particular embodiments, the aerosol-generating material does not comprise fibrous material. In this regard, any tobacco present in the slurry used to form the aerosolgenerating material may cause the binder to prematurely crosslink, making formation of the non-linear strands of the invention more difficult. Thus, in some embodiments the aerosol-generating material substantially free from or free from tobacco.

In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating composition does not comprise tobacco fibres. In particular embodiments, the aerosol-generating composition does not comprise fibrous material. In some embodiments, the aerosol-generating article does not comprise tobacco fibres. In particular embodiments, the aerosol-generating article does not comprise fibrous material.

The aerosol-generating material may be made from a gel, and this gel may additionally comprise a solvent, included at 0.1-50wt%. However, the inclusion of a solvent in which the flavour is soluble may reduce the gel stability and the flavour may crystallise out of the gel. As such, in some cases, the gel does not include a solvent in which the flavour is soluble.

An aspect of the present invention relates to an article (also referred to herein as a consumable). A consumable is an article, part or all of which is intended to be consumed during use by a user. A consumable may comprise or consist of aerosolgenerating composition. A consumable may comprise one or more other elements, such as a filter or an aerosol modifying substance. A consumable may comprise a heating element that emits heat to cause the aerosol-generating composition to generate aerosol in use. The heating element may, for example, comprise combustible material, or may comprise a susceptor that is heatable by penetration with a varying magnetic field.

Articles of the present invention may be provided in any suitable shape. In some examples, the article is provided as a rod (e.g. substantially cylindrical). An article provided as a rod may include the aerosol-generating composition, optionally blended with cut tobacco.

A susceptor is material that is heatable by penetration with a varying magnetic field, such as an alternating magnetic field. The heating material may be an electrically-conductive material, so that penetration thereof with a varying magnetic field causes induction heating of the heating material. The heating material may be magnetic material, so that penetration thereof with a varying magnetic field causes magnetic hysteresis heating of the heating material. The heating material may be both electrically-conductive and magnetic, so that the heating material is heatable by both heating mechanisms. Induction heating is a process in which an electrically-conductive object is heated by penetrating the object with a varying magnetic field. The process is described by Faraday's law of induction and Ohm's law. An induction heater may comprise an electromagnet and a device for passing a varying electrical current, such as an alternating current, through the electromagnet. When the electromagnet and the object to be heated are suitably relatively positioned so that the resultant varying magnetic field produced by the electromagnet penetrates the object, one or more eddy currents are generated inside the object. The object has a resistance to the flow of electrical currents. Therefore, when such eddy currents are generated in the object, their flow against the electrical resistance of the object causes the object to be heated. This process is called Joule, ohmic, or resistive heating.

In some embodiments, the susceptor is in the form of a closed circuit. It has been found that, when the susceptor is in the form of a closed circuit, magnetic coupling between the susceptor and the electromagnet in use is enhanced, which results in greater or improved Joule heating.

Magnetic hysteresis heating is a process in which an object made of a magnetic material is heated by penetrating the object with a varying magnetic field. A magnetic material can be considered to comprise many atomic-scale magnets, or magnetic dipoles. When a magnetic field penetrates such material, the magnetic dipoles align with the magnetic field. Therefore, when a varying magnetic field, such as an alternating magnetic field, for example as produced by an electromagnet, penetrates the magnetic material, the orientation of the magnetic dipoles changes with the varying applied magnetic field. Such magnetic dipole reorientation causes heat to be generated in the magnetic material.

When an object is both electrically-conductive and magnetic, penetrating the object with a varying magnetic field can cause both Joule heating and magnetic hysteresis heating in the object. Moreover, the use of magnetic material can strengthen the magnetic field, which can intensify the Joule heating.

In each of the above processes, as heat is generated inside the object itself, rather than by an external heat source by heat conduction, a rapid temperature rise in the object and more uniform heat distribution can be achieved, particularly through selection of suitable object material and geometry, and suitable varying magnetic field magnitude and orientation relative to the object. Moreover, as induction heating and magnetic hysteresis heating do not require a physical connection to be provided between the source of the varying magnetic field and the object, design freedom and control over the heating profile may be greater, and cost may be lower.

An aspect of the invention provides non-combustible aerosol provision system comprising an article according as described herein and non-combustible aerosol provision device comprising a heater which is configured to heat not burn the aerosol-generating article. A non-combustible aerosol provision system may also be referred to as an aerosol generating assembly. A non-combustible aerosol provision device may be referred to as an aerosol generating apparatus.

In some cases, in use, the heater may heat, without burning, the aerosolgenerating material to a temperature equal to or less than 350 °C, such as between 120°C and 350 °C. In some cases, the heater may heat, without burning, the aerosolgenerating composition to between 140 °C and 250 °C in use, or between 220 °C and 280 °C. In some cases in use, substantially all of the aerosol-generating material is less than about 4mm, 3mm, 2mm or 1mm from the heater. In some cases, the material is disposed between about 0.010mm and 2.0mm from the heater, suitably between about 0.02mm and 1.0mm, suitably 0.1mm to 0.5mm. In some cases, a surface of the aerosol-generating material may directly abut the heater.

The heater is configured to heat not burn the aerosol-generating article, and thus the aerosol-generating composition. The heater may be, in some cases, a thin film, electrically resistive heater. In other cases, the heater may comprise an induction heater or the like. The heater may be a combustible heat source or a chemical heat source which undergoes an exothermic reaction to product heat in use. The aerosol generating assembly may comprise a plurality of heaters. The heater(s) may be powered by a battery.

The aerosol-generating article may additionally comprise a cooling element and/or a filter. The cooling element, if present, may act or function to cool gaseous or aerosol components. In some cases, it may act to cool gaseous components such that they condense to form an aerosol. It may also act to space the very hot parts of the non-combustible aerosol provision device from the user. The filter, if present, may comprise any suitable filter known in the art such as a cellulose acetate plug.

In some cases, the aerosol generating assembly may be a heat-not-burn device. That is, it may contain a solid aerosol-generating material (and no liquid aerosol-generating material). In some cases, the aerosol-generating material may comprise the tobacco material. A heat-not-burn device is disclosed in WO 2015/062983 A2, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In some cases, the aerosol generating assembly may be an electronic tobacco hybrid device. An electronic tobacco hybrid device is disclosed in WO 2016/135331 A1 , which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

The aerosol-generating article (which may be referred to herein as an article, a cartridge or a consumable) may be adapted for use in a THP, an electronic tobacco hybrid device or another aerosol generating device. In some cases, the article may additionally comprise a filter and/or cooling element (which have been described above). In some cases, the aerosol-generating article may be circumscribed by a wrapping material such as paper.

The aerosol-generating article may additionally comprise ventilation apertures. These may be provided in the sidewall of the article. In some cases, the ventilation apertures may be provided in the filter and/or cooling element. These apertures may allow cool air to be drawn into the article during use, which can mix with the heated volatilised components thereby cooling the aerosol.

The ventilation enhances the generation of visible heated volatilised components from the article when it is heated in use. The heated volatilised components are made visible by the process of cooling the heated volatilised components such that supersaturation of the heated volatilised components occurs. The heated volatilised components then undergo droplet formation, otherwise known as nucleation, and eventually the size of the aerosol particles of the heated volatilised components increases by further condensation of the heated volatilised components and by coagulation of newly formed droplets from the heated volatilised components. In some cases, the ratio of the cool air to the sum of the heated volatilised components and the cool air, known as the ventilation ratio, is at least 15%. A ventilation ratio of 15% enables the heated volatilised components to be made visible by the method described above. The visibility of the heated volatilised components enables the user to identify that the volatilised components have been generated and adds to the sensory experience of the smoking experience.

In another example, the ventilation ratio is between 50% and 85% to provide additional cooling to the heated volatilised components. In some cases, the ventilation ratio may be at least 60% or 65%.

Referring to Figures 1 and 2, there are shown a partially cut-away section view and a perspective view of an example of an aerosol-generating article 101 . The article 101 is adapted for use with a device having a power source and a heater. The article 101 of this embodiment is particularly suitable for use with the device 1 shown in Figures 5 to 7, described below. In use, the article 101 may be removably inserted into the device shown in Figure 5 at an insertion point 20 of the device 1.

The article 101 of one example is in the form of a substantially cylindrical rod that includes a body of aerosol-generating composition 103 and a filter assembly 105 in the form of a rod. The aerosol-generating composition comprises the aerosolgenerating material described herein.

The filter assembly 105 includes three segments, a cooling segment 107, a filter segment 109 and a mouth end segment 111. The article 101 has a first end 113, also known as a mouth end or a proximal end and a second end 115, also known as a distal end. The body of aerosol-generating composition 103 is located towards the distal end 115 of the article 101. In one example, the cooling segment 107 is located adjacent the body of aerosol-generating composition 103 between the body of aerosol-generating composition 103 and the filter segment 109, such that the cooling segment 107 is in an abutting relationship with the aerosol-generating composition 103 and the filter segment 103. In other examples, there may be a separation between the body of aerosol-generating composition 103 and the cooling segment 107 and between the body of aerosol-generating composition 103 and the filter segment 109. The filter segment 109 is located in between the cooling segment 107 and the mouth end segment 111. The mouth end segment 111 is located towards the proximal end 113 of the article 101 , adjacent the filter segment 109. In one example, the filter segment 109 is in an abutting relationship with the mouth end segment 111. In some embodiments, the total length of the filter assembly 105 is between 37mm and 45mm, more preferably, the total length of the filter assembly 105 is 41mm.

In one example, the rod of aerosol-generating composition 103 is between 34mm and 50mm in length, suitably between 38mm and 46mm in length, suitably 42mm in length.

In one example, the total length of the article 101 is between 71mm and 95mm, suitably between 79mm and 87mm, suitably 83mm.

An axial end of the body of aerosol-generating composition 103 is visible at the distal end 115 of the article 101. However, in other embodiments, the distal end 115 of the article 101 may comprise an end member (not shown) covering the axial end of the body of aerosol-generating composition 103.

The body of aerosol-generating composition 103 is joined to the filter assembly 105 by annular tipping paper (not shown), which is located substantially around the circumference of the filter assembly 105 to surround the filter assembly 105 and extends partially along the length of the body of aerosol-generating composition 103. In one example, the tipping paper is made of 58GSM standard tipping base paper. In one example the tipping paper has a length of between 42mm and 50mm, suitably of 46mm.

In one example, the cooling segment 107 is an annular tube and is located around and defines an air gap within the cooling segment. The air gap provides a chamber for heated volatilised components generated from the body of aerosolgenerating composition 103 to flow. The cooling segment 107 is hollow to provide a chamber for aerosol accumulation yet rigid enough to withstand axial compressive forces and bending moments that might arise during manufacture and whilst the article 101 is in use during insertion into the device 1. In one example, the thickness of the wall of the cooling segment 107 is approximately 0.29mm. The cooling segment 107 provides a physical displacement between the aerosol-generating composition 103 and the filter segment 109. The physical displacement provided by the cooling segment 107 will provide a thermal gradient across the length of the cooling segment 107. In one example the cooling segment 107 is configured to provide a temperature differential of at least 40 degrees Celsius between a heated volatilised component entering a first end of the cooling segment 107 and a heated volatilised component exiting a second end of the cooling segment 107. In one example the cooling segment 107 is configured to provide a temperature differential of at least 60 degrees Celsius between a heated volatilised component entering a first end of the cooling segment 107 and a heated volatilised component exiting a second end of the cooling segment 107. This temperature differential across the length of the cooling element 107 protects the temperature sensitive filter segment 109 from the high temperatures of the aerosol-generating composition 103 when it is heated by the device 1. If the physical displacement was not provided between the filter segment 109 and the body of aerosol-generating composition 103 and the heating elements of the device 1 , then the temperature sensitive filter segment may 109 become damaged in use, so it would not perform its required functions as effectively.

In one example the length of the cooling segment 107 is at least 15mm. In one example, the length of the cooling segment 107 is between 20mm and 30mm, more particularly 23mm to 27mm, more particularly 25mm to 27mm, suitably 25mm.

The cooling segment 107 is made of paper, which means that it is comprised of a material that does not generate compounds of concern, for example, toxic compounds when in use adjacent to the heater of the device 1. In one example, the cooling segment 107 is manufactured from a spirally wound paper tube which provides a hollow internal chamber yet maintains mechanical rigidity. Spirally wound paper tubes are able to meet the tight dimensional accuracy requirements of highspeed manufacturing processes with respect to tube length, outer diameter, roundness and straightness.

In another example, the cooling segment 107 is a recess created from stiff plug wrap or tipping paper. The stiff plug wrap or tipping paper is manufactured to have a rigidity that is sufficient to withstand the axial compressive forces and bending moments that might arise during manufacture and whilst the article 101 is in use during insertion into the device 1.

The filter segment 109 may be formed of any filter material sufficient to remove one or more volatilised compounds from heated volatilised components from the aerosol-generating material. In one example the filter segment 109 is made of a mono-acetate material, such as cellulose acetate. The filter segment 109 provides cooling and irritation-reduction from the heated volatilised components without depleting the quantity of the heated volatilised components to an unsatisfactory level for a user.

In some embodiments, a capsule (not illustrated) may be provided in filter segment 109. It may be disposed substantially centrally in the filter segment 109, both across the filter segment 109 diameter and along the filter segment 109 length. In other cases, it may be offset in one or more dimension. The capsule may in some cases, where present, contain a volatile component such as a flavourant or aerosol generating agent.

The density of the cellulose acetate tow material of the filter segment 109 controls the pressure drop across the filter segment 109, which in turn controls the draw resistance of the article 101. Therefore the selection of the material of the filter segment 109 is important in controlling the resistance to draw of the article 101. In addition, the filter segment performs a filtration function in the article 101.

In one example, the filter segment 109 is made of a 8Y15 grade of filter tow material, which provides a filtration effect on the heated volatilised material, whilst also reducing the size of condensed aerosol droplets which result from the heated volatilised material.

The presence of the filter segment 109 provides an insulating effect by providing further cooling to the heated volatilised components that exit the cooling segment 107. This further cooling effect reduces the contact temperature of the user’s lips on the surface of the filter segment 109. In one example, the filter segment 109 is between 6mm to 10mm in length, suitably 8mm.

The mouth end segment 111 is an annular tube and is located around and defines an air gap within the mouth end segment 111. The air gap provides a chamber for heated volatilised components that flow from the filter segment 109. The mouth end segment 111 is hollow to provide a chamber for aerosol accumulation yet rigid enough to withstand axial compressive forces and bending moments that might arise during manufacture and whilst the article is in use during insertion into the device 1. In one example, the thickness of the wall of the mouth end segment 111 is approximately 0.29mm. In one example, the length of the mouth end segment 111 is between 6mm to 10mm, suitably 8mm.

The mouth end segment 111 may be manufactured from a spirally wound paper tube which provides a hollow internal chamber yet maintains critical mechanical rigidity. Spirally wound paper tubes are able to meet the tight dimensional accuracy requirements of high-speed manufacturing processes with respect to tube length, outer diameter, roundness and straightness.

The mouth end segment 111 provides the function of preventing any liquid condensate that accumulates at the exit of the filter segment 109 from coming into direct contact with a user.

It should be appreciated that, in one example, the mouth end segment 111 and the cooling segment 107 may be formed of a single tube and the filter segment 109 is located within that tube separating the mouth end segment 111 and the cooling segment 107.

Referring to Figures 3 and 4, there are shown a partially cut-away section and perspective views of an example of an article 301. The reference signs shown in Figures 3 and 4 are equivalent to the reference signs shown in Figures 1 and 2, but with an increment of 200.

In the example of the article 301 shown in Figures 3 and 4, a ventilation region

317 is provided in the article 301 to enable air to flow into the interior of the article 301 from the exterior of the article 301. In one example the ventilation region 317 takes the form of one or more ventilation holes 317 formed through the outer layer of the article 301. The ventilation holes may be located in the cooling segment 307 to aid with the cooling of the article 301. In one example, the ventilation region 317 comprises one or more rows of holes, and preferably, each row of holes is arranged circumferentially around the article 301 in a cross-section that is substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the article 301.

In one example, there are between one to four rows of ventilation holes to provide ventilation for the article 301. Each row of ventilation holes may have between 12 to 36 ventilation holes 317. The ventilation holes 317 may, for example, be between 100 to 500pm in diameter. In one example, an axial separation between rows of ventilation holes 317 is between 0.25mm and 0.75mm, suitably 0.5mm.

In one example, the ventilation holes 317 are of uniform size. In another example, the ventilation holes 317 vary in size. The ventilation holes can be made using any suitable technique, for example, one or more of the following techniques: laser technology, mechanical perforation of the cooling segment 307 or preperforation of the cooling segment 307 before it is formed into the article 301 . The ventilation holes 317 are positioned so as to provide effective cooling to the article 301.

In one example, the rows of ventilation holes 317 are located at least 11mm from the proximal end 313 of the article, suitably between 17mm and 20mm from the proximal end 313 of the article 301. The location of the ventilation holes 317 is positioned such that user does not block the ventilation holes 317 when the article 301 is in use.

Providing the rows of ventilation holes between 17mm and 20mm from the proximal end 313 of the article 301 enables the ventilation holes 317 to be located outside of the device 1 , when the article 301 is fully inserted in the device 1 , as can be seen in Figures 6 and 7. By locating the ventilation holes outside of the device, non-heated air is able to enter the article 301 through the ventilation holes from outside the device 1 to aid with the cooling of the article 301. The length of the cooling segment 307 is such that the cooling segment 307 will be partially inserted into the device 1 , when the article 301 is fully inserted into the device 1. The length of the cooling segment 307 provides a first function of providing a physical gap between the heater arrangement of the device 1 and the heat sensitive filter arrangement 309, and a second function of enabling the ventilation holes 317 to be located in the cooling segment, whilst also being located outside of the device 1 , when the article 301 is fully inserted into the device 1 . As can be seen from Figures 6 and 7, the majority of the cooling element 307 is located within the device 1. However, there is a portion of the cooling element 307 that extends out of the device 1. It is in this portion of the cooling element 307 that extends out of the device 1 in which the ventilation holes 317 are located.

Referring now to Figures 5 to 7 in more detail, there is shown an example of a device 1 arranged to heat aerosol-generating composition to volatilise at least one component of said aerosol-generating composition, typically to form an aerosol which can be inhaled. The device 1 is a heating device which releases compounds by heating, but not burning, the aerosol-generating composition.

A first end 3 is sometimes referred to herein as the mouth or proximal end 3 of the device 1 and a second end 5 is sometimes referred to herein as the distal end 5 of the device 1. The device 1 has an on/off button 7 to allow the device 1 as a whole to be switched on and off as desired by a user.

The device 1 comprises a housing 9 for locating and protecting various internal components of the device 1 . In the example shown, the housing 9 comprises a uni-body sleeve 11 that encompasses the perimeter of the device 1 , capped with a top panel 17 which defines generally the ‘top’ of the device 1 and a bottom panel 19 which defines generally the ‘bottom’ of the device 1. In another example the housing comprises a front panel, a rear panel and a pair of opposite side panels in addition to the top panel 17 and the bottom panel 19.

The top panel 17 and/or the bottom panel 19 may be removably fixed to the uni-body sleeve 11 , to permit easy access to the interior of the device 1 , or may be “permanently” fixed to the uni-body sleeve 11 , for example to deter a user from accessing the interior of the device 1 . In an example, the panels 17 and 19 are made of a plastics material, including for example glass-filled nylon formed by injection moulding, and the uni-body sleeve 11 is made of aluminium, though other materials and other manufacturing processes may be used.

The top panel 17 of the device 1 has an opening 20 at the mouth end 3 of the device 1 through which, in use, the article 101 , 301 including the aerosol-generating composition may be inserted into the device 1 and removed from the device 1 by a user.

The housing 9 has located or fixed therein a heater arrangement 23, control circuitry 25 and a power source 27. In this example, the heater arrangement 23, the control circuitry 25 and the power source 27 are laterally adjacent (that is, adjacent when viewed from an end), with the control circuitry 25 being located generally between the heater arrangement 23 and the power source 27, though other locations are possible.

The control circuitry 25 may include a controller, such as a microprocessor arrangement, configured and arranged to control the heating of the aerosolgenerating composition in the article 101 , 301 as discussed further below.

The power source 27 may be for example a battery, which may be a rechargeable battery or a non-rechargeable battery. Examples of suitable batteries include for example a lithium-ion battery, a nickel battery (such as a nickel-cadmium battery), an alkaline battery and/ or the like. The battery 27 is electrically coupled to the heater arrangement 23 to supply electrical power when required and under control of the control circuitry 25 to heat the aerosol-generating composition in the article (as discussed, to volatilise the aerosol-generating material without causing the aerosol-generating composition to burn).

An advantage of locating the power source 27 laterally adjacent to the heater arrangement 23 is that a physically large power source 25 may be used without causing the device 1 as a whole to be unduly lengthy. As will be understood, in general a physically large power source 25 has a higher capacity (that is, the total electrical energy that can be supplied, often measured in Amp-hours or the like) and thus the battery life for the device 1 can be longer. In one example, the heater arrangement 23 is generally in the form of a hollow cylindrical tube, having a hollow interior heating chamber 29 into which the article 101 , 301 comprising the aerosol-generating material is inserted for heating in use. Different arrangements for the heater arrangement 23 are possible. For example, the heater arrangement 23 may comprise a single heating element or may be formed of plural heating elements aligned along the longitudinal axis of the heater arrangement 23. The or each heating element may be annular or tubular, or at least part-annular or part-tubular around its circumference. In an example, the or each heating element may be a thin film heater. In another example, the or each heating element may be made of a ceramics material. Examples of suitable ceramics materials include alumina and aluminium nitride and silicon nitride ceramics, which may be laminated and sintered. Other heating arrangements are possible, including for example inductive heating, infrared heater elements, which heat by emitting infrared radiation, or resistive heating elements formed by for example a resistive electrical winding.

In one particular example, the heater arrangement 23 is supported by a stainless steel support tube and comprises a polyimide heating element. The heater arrangement 23 is dimensioned so that substantially the whole of the body of aerosolgenerating composition 103, 303 of the article 101 , 301 is inserted into the heater arrangement 23 when the article 101 , 301 is inserted into the device 1.

The or each heating element may be arranged so that selected zones of the aerosol-generating material can be independently heated, for example in turn (over time, as discussed above) or together (simultaneously) as desired.

The heater arrangement 23 in this example is surrounded along at least part of its length by a thermal insulator 31. The insulator 31 helps to reduce heat passing from the heater arrangement 23 to the exterior of the device 1. This helps to keep down the power requirements for the heater arrangement 23 as it reduces heat losses generally. The insulator 31 also helps to keep the exterior of the device 1 cool during operation of the heater arrangement 23. In one example, the insulator 31 may be a double-walled sleeve which provides a low pressure region between the two walls of the sleeve. That is, the insulator 31 may be for example a “vacuum” tube, i.e. a tube that has been at least partially evacuated so as to minimise heat transfer by conduction and/or convection. Other arrangements for the insulator 31 are possible, including using heat insulating materials, including for example a suitable foam-type material, in addition to or instead of a double-walled sleeve.

The housing 9 may further comprises various internal support structures 37 for supporting all internal components, as well as the heating arrangement 23.

The device 1 further comprises a collar 33 which extends around and projects from the opening 20 into the interior of the housing 9 and a generally tubular chamber 35 which is located between the collar 33 and one end of the vacuum sleeve 31 . The chamber 35 further comprises a cooling structure 35f, which in this example, comprises a plurality of cooling fins 35f spaced apart along the outer surface of the chamber 35, and each arranged circumferentially around outer surface of the chamber 35. There is an air gap 36 between the hollow chamber 35 and the article 101 , 301 when it is inserted in the device 1 over at least part of the length of the hollow chamber 35. The air gap 36 is around all of the circumference of the article 101 , 301 over at least part of the cooling segment 307.

The collar 33 comprises a plurality of ridges 60 arranged circumferentially around the periphery of the opening 20 and which project into the opening 20. The ridges 60 take up space within the opening 20 such that the open span of the opening 20 at the locations of the ridges 60 is less than the open span of the opening 20 at the locations without the ridges 60. The ridges 60 are configured to engage with an article 101 , 301 inserted into the device to assist in securing it within the device 1. Open spaces (not shown in the Figures) defined by adjacent pairs of ridges 60 and the article 101 , 301 form ventilation paths around the exterior of the article 101 , 301. These ventilation paths allow hot vapours that have escaped from the article 101 , 301 to exit the device 1 and allow cooling air to flow into the device 1 around the article 101 , 301 in the air gap 36.

In operation, the article 101 , 301 is removably inserted into an insertion point 20 of the device 1 , as shown in Figures 5 to 7. Referring particularly to Figure 6, in one example, the body of aerosol-generating composition 103, 303, which is located towards the distal end 115, 315 of the article 101 , 301 , is entirely received within the heater arrangement 23 of the device 1. The proximal end 113, 313 of the article 101 , 301 extends from the device 1 and acts as a mouthpiece assembly for a user.

In operation, the heater arrangement 23 will heat the article 101 , 301 to volatilise at least one component of the aerosol-generating composition from the body of aerosol-generating composition 103, 303.

The primary flow path for the heated volatilised components from the body of aerosol-generating composition 103, 303 is axially through the article 101 , 301 , through the chamber inside the cooling segment 107, 307, through the filter segment 109, 309, through the mouth end segment 111 , 313 to the user. In one example, the temperature of the heated volatilised components that are generated from the body of aerosol-generating composition is between 60°C and 250°C, which may be above the acceptable inhalation temperature for a user. As the heated volatilised component travels through the cooling segment 107, 307, it will cool and some volatilised components will condense on the inner surface of the cooling segment 107, 307.

In the examples of the article 301 shown in Figures 3 and 4, cool air will be able to enter the cooling segment 307 via the ventilation holes 317 formed in the cooling segment 307. This cool air will mix with the heated volatilised components to provide additional cooling to the heated volatilised components.

Another aspect of the invention provides a method of making an aerosolgenerating material in the form of non-linear strands, such as the aerosolgenerating material described herein.

The method may comprise:

(a) forming a mixture comprising a solvent, an aerosol-generating agent, a crosslinkable binder (which may comprise pectin, iota-carrageenan, and/or gellan gum), optionally a filler and optionally an active and/or flavourant and/or an acid;

(b) ejecting the mixture through a nozzle such that the mixture moves with a velocity; and

(c) contacting the ejected mixture with a solution comprising a cross-linking agent, where the velocity of the mixture is reduced on contact with the solution. The method may comprise:

(a) forming a mixture comprising a solvent; an aerosol-generating agent; a binder selected from the group consisting of alginate, pectin, carrageenan, (such as iota-carrageenan), gellan gum (such as high acyl gellan gum), and combinations thereof; optionally a filler; and optionally an active and/or a flavourant and/or an acid;

(b) ejecting the mixture through a nozzle such that the mixture moves with a velocity; and

(c) contacting the ejected mixture with a solution comprising a cross-linking agent, where the velocity of the mixture is reduced on contact with the solution.

Step (a) comprises forming a mixture or slurry comprising components of the aerosol-generating material or precursors thereof and a solvent (typically water). The slurry or mixture formed in step (a) therefore comprises a crosslinkable binder (i.e. a precursor to the crosslinked binder which is present in the material of the invention), an aerosol-generating agent, and optionally a filler, an active and/or a flavour and/or an acid. The crosslinkable binder may comprise pectin, iota-carrageenan, and/or gellan gum. The mixture or slurry may comprise these components on a dry weight basis in any of the proportions given herein in relation to the composition of the aerosol-generating material.

Step (b) comprises ejecting the mixture through a nozzle. The shape of the nozzle may determine the cross-section of the material which is formed by the method of the invention. In some embodiments the nozzle has a circular shape. In this case, the cross-section of the final material will be circular or substantially circular. As used herein, the term “nozzle” may be used interchangeably with terms “orifice” or “aperture”.

In some embodiments, the nozzle has a diameter of from about 0.05 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.5 mm or 1.5 mm to about 4 mm, 3.0 mm, 2.5 mm or 1.5 mm. In some embodiments, the nozzle has a diameter of from about 0.05 to about 4 mm, from about 0.5 to about 4 mm, from about 1.0 to about 3.0 mm, or from about 1.5 to about 2.5 mm.

In some embodiments, the nozzle has a diameter of from about 0.05 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm or 0.3mm to about 3.0 mm, 2.0 mm, 1.0 mm, or 0.7mm. In some embodiments, the nozzle has a diameter of from about 0.05 to about 3.0 mm, from about 0.1 to about 2.0 mm, from about 0.2 to about 2.0 mm, or from about 0.3 to about 0.7 mm.

As used herein, the term “eject” is also intended to encompass the terms “extrude” and “dispense”. Thus, in some embodiments step (b) comprises dispensing the mixture through a nozzle. In some embodiment, step (b) comprises extruding the mixture through a nozzle.

After the mixture is ejected from the nozzle, it has a velocity. This velocity may be imparted by gravity, i.e. because the mixture is ejected from the nozzle into a medium in which it can fall (e.g. air). Alternatively and/or additionally, the velocity may be imparted by the ejection process, i.e. because the mixture is forced through the nozzle and kinetic energy is imparted to the mixture. The mixture is generally ejected in the form of a continuous stream or flow of material.

In some embodiments the mixture is ejected from the nozzle into a gaseous medium, such as air.

The mixture may be contacted with the crosslinking agent by ejecting the mixture into a medium such as air directly above a solution comprising the crosslinking agent, with gravity (optionally together with any force applied to eject the mixture from the nozzle) acting to bring the mixture into contact with the solution.

Alternatively, the mixture may be contacted with the solution comprising the cross-linking agent by ejecting the mixture with force. In this case the nozzle may be positioned directly above the solution, but may also and/or alternatively be positioned to the side of the solution, or even below the solution. The angle between the direction of the nozzle (i.e. the direction in which the mixture is initially ejected) and the surface of the solution may be changed. When the nozzle is positioned directly above the solution this angle is 90°. When the nozzle is directly to the side of the solution (i.e. parallel to the solution) this angle is 0°. In one embodiment, this angle is 90°. In another embodiment, this angle is less than about 90° and greater than about 0°. In some embodiments, this angle is from about 10° to about 85°, from about 20° to about 80°, or from about 30° to about 75°. Thus, in one aspect the nozzle is positioned directly above the surface of the solution comprising a cross-linking agent. However, this may not be necessary if the mixture is forced from the nozzle such that it does not move directly downwards after ejection.

In some embodiments, the nozzle is positioned at a distance of from about 0.5 to about 100 cm above the surface of the solution comprising a cross-linking agent, such as from about 1 to about 50 cm or from about 2 to about 20 cm. If the distance between the nozzle and the surface of the solution is increased, the diameter of the resulting non-linear strands may decrease. Positioning the nozzle at a distance from the surface of the solution beyond the ranges disclosed herein may therefore result in the diameter of the non-linear strand being significantly reduced compared to the diameter of the nozzle.

In some embodiments, the quantity of solution and the vessel used to hold the solution comprising a cross-linking agent are selected such that the depth of solution at the point of impact is at least about 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm or 5 cm, and may be less than about 50 cm, 30 cm, 20 cm or 10 cm, In some embodiments, the depth of solution at the point of impact is from about 1 to about 50 cm, from about 2 to about 30 cm, or from about 3 to about 10 cm.

The nozzle may be stationary, or may move as the mixture is ejected. For example, the nozzle may move over the surface of the solution comprising the crosslinking agent as the mixture is ejected. Alternatively, the nozzle may be stationary and the solution comprising the cross-linking agent may be moved as the mixture is ejected. Having at least one of the nozzle and/or the solution moving during the process may be useful where the overall process is continuous, and this may help to prevent overlapping of individual strands.

In some embodiments the nozzle may eject the mixture in a series of pulses. For example, step (c) may comprise pausing the ejection of the mixture from the nozzle at selected time intervals. This method may avoid or reduce the need to cut the strands. The length of the strands may be determined by the length of the time intervals. Generally, the longer the time interval the longer the strands. Step (c) comprises contacting the ejected mixture with a solution comprising a cross-linking agent, where the velocity of the mixture is reduced on contact with the solution.

Once the material is contacted with the cross-linking agent the crosslinkable binder will crosslink, thereby forming the cross-linked binder. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that when the ejected mixture is contacted with the solution comprising the crosslinking agent the binder immediately crosslinks. This, combined with the reduction in velocity resulting from the impact of the mixture with the solution, is believed to result in the formation of the non-linear strands or gel fibers of the invention. Thus, the result of step (c) is an aerosol-generating material in the form of non-linear strands or gel fibers, i.e. an aerosol-generating material as defined herein.

In some embodiments the solution comprising a cross-linking agent is provided in a vessel into which the ejected mixture falls and/or is forced. In some embodiments, the solution is sprayed or otherwise applied onto the mixture after it is ejected and whilst it is moving with a velocity, with the contact between the ejected mixture and the crosslinking solution resulting in the desired reduction in the velocity of the ejected mixture.

The crosslinking agent is used in the present methods in the form of a solution comprising the cross-linking agent. In some embodiments, the solution is an aqueous solution comprising water and the cross-linking agent. Generally, the crosslinking agent is present in the solution in an excess amount, such that crosslinking agent remains after the binder is crosslinked. In some embodiments, the concentration of cross-linking agent in the solution may range from about 0.01 M to about 2.0 M, from about 0.3 M to about 1 .5 M, or from about 0.5 M to about 1 .0 M.

Suitable crosslinking agents and amounts thereof are set out above. For example, the slurry may comprise sodium, potassium or ammonium alginate as a precursor to the binder, and a setting agent or crosslinking agent comprising a calcium source (such as calcium formate, calcium acetate or calcium lactate) may be used to form a calcium alginate gel or binder. Alginate salts are derivatives of alginic acid and are typically high molecular weight polymers (10-600 kDa). Alginic acid is a copolymer of p-D-mannuronic (M) and a-L-guluronic acid (G) units (blocks) linked together with (1 ,4)-glycosidic bonds to form a polysaccharide. On addition of calcium cations, the alginate crosslinks to form a gel. Alginate salts with a high G monomer content more readily form a gel on addition of the calcium source. In some cases therefore, the gel-precursor may comprise an alginate salt in which at least about 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60% or 70% of the monomer units in the alginate copolymer are a-L-guluronic acid (G) units.

In some embodiments, the solution in step (c) further comprises one or more of a flavourant, an active, an aerosol generating agent (e.g. glycerol), and a botanical extract. In some embodiments, the flavourant is water-soluble.

When present, each of these components can enter (e.g. diffuse into) the nonlinear strands or gel fibers of the invention.

Thus, the result of step (c) may be an aerosol-generating material comprising one or more of a flavourant, an active, an aerosol generating agent (e.g. glycerol), and a botanical extract.

The amount of additional component (e.g. botanical extract) in the resulting non-linear strands may vary depending on how long the material is in contact with the solution. Generally, the longer the contact time between the material and the solution, the greater the amount of flavourant, active, aerosol generating agent (e.g. glycerol), and/or botanical extract in the resulting non-linear strands. Thus, the amount of flavourant, active, aerosol generating agent (e.g. glycerol), and/or botanical extract in the non-linear strands can be controlled by the contact time between the material and the solution. In some embodiments, the contact time between the material and the solution may be less than about 120 seconds. In some embodiments, the contact time between the material and the solution may range from about 5 seconds to about 120 seconds, from about 10 seconds to about 60 seconds, or from about 10 seconds to about 30 seconds.

In some embodiments, the solution further comprises a botanical extract in addition to the crosslinking agent. Suitable botanical extracts are set out above. The botanical extract can contain metal (e.g. calcium) ions which may cause crosslinking of the crosslinkable binder. As such, less crosslinking agent may be needed. In some embodiments, the concentration of botanical extract in the solution may range from about 20 wt.% to about 90 wt.%, from about 25 wt.% to about 75 wt.%, or from about 30 wt.% to about 50 wt.%.

Adding a botanical extract to the mixture in step (a) may result in early crosslinking of the crosslinkable binder, due to any metal (e.g. calcium) ion content of the botanical extract. This may result in undesired crosslinking of the mixture or slurry during step (a) before it is ejected through the nozzle and contacts the solution in step (b) and (c). This may prevent the slurry from being ejected through the nozzle and therefore prevent the formation of non-linear strands.

When forming materials containing a botanical extract it may therefore be advantageous to form a slurry which does not comprise a botanical extract in step (a), and eject said slurry into a solution comprising a botanical extract. This method may also reduce the amount of crosslinkable binder required in the solution.

In some embodiments, the solution in step (c) further comprises another component of the aerosol-generating material, which may then diffuse into the aerosol-generating material in the same way as the botanical extract. For example, the solution may further comprise a flavourant, such as a water-soluble flavourant, and/or active in addition to a botanical extract and/or an aerosol generating agent (e.g. glycerol).

Alternatively, it may be desirable to include a component of the aerosolgenerating material (e.g. an aerosol generating agent) in the solution in order to prevent diffusion or loss of the component out of the material when it is in contact with the solution. For example, it may be useful to include the same aerosolgenerating agent in the solution as in the mixture formed in step (a), optionally at substantively the same or the same concentration. This may prevent or decrease loss of the aerosol-generating agent during the manufacturing process, and particularly when the material is in contact with the solution in step (c). In one embodiment, the concentration of the aerosol-generating agent in the solution is substantially the same or the same as the concentration of the aerosolgenerating agent in the mixture. In this case, the concentration of aerosol-generating agent in the final aerosol-generating material will be the same or substantively the same as that in the mixture.

Conversely, if the concentration of aerosol-generating agent in the solution is lower than that in the mixture, the concentration of aerosol-generating agent in the final aerosol-generating material will be lower than that in the mixture, due to diffusion of the aerosol-generating agent from the material while in contact with the solution. Similarly, if the concentration of aerosol-generating agent in the solution is higher that in the mixture, the concentration of aerosol-generating agent in the final aerosolgenerating material will be higher than that in the mixture.

In some embodiments, an aerosol-generating agent is included in the solution. In some embodiments the same aerosol-generating agent is included in the solution as in the mixture. In some embodiments the solution comprises from about 1 wt%, 3wt%, 5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt%, or 20wt% to about 80wt%, 60wt%, 50wt%, 40 wt% or 30 wt% of aerosol-generating agent. In some embodiments the solution comprises 10-45wt%, 20-40wt% or 30-40wt% of aerosol-generating agent. In other embodiments, the aerosol-generating material comprises 10-45wt%, 10-40wt% or 15-30wt% of aerosol-generating agent.

In some embodiments the solution comprises an amount of aerosolgenerating agent which is within about 15 wt% of the amount of aerosol-generating agent in the mixture, such as within about 10 wt%, within about 5 wt% or within about 1 wt%.

The method of the invention may further comprise:

(d) separating the material formed in step (c) (e.g. the cross-linked material, which is in the form of non-linear strands) from the solution comprising the crosslinking agent; and

(e) drying the material. Step (d) of separating the material from the solution comprising the crosslinking agent may comprise manually removing the material from the solution, e.g. through filtration or sieving.

The process described hereby may be continuous or batch process, but is generally a continuous process.

The drying step (e) may comprise any suitable drying methods, including but not limited to, infrared (IR) heating, convention heating, air impingement, conductive heating and microwave heating. Conductive heating may comprise heating a surface on which the material is placed. The surface may be, for example, a metal or metal alloy (e.g. stainless steel) band. The surface may itself heat up (e.g. it is the surface of a heater) or be indirectly heated. For example, the surface may be heated from below, for example using steam. In some embodiments the drying step (e) is performed using a belt dryer.

The drying step (e) may, in some cases, remove from about 50wt%, 60wt%, 70wt%, 80wt% or 90wt% to about 80wt%, 90wt% or 95wt% (WWB) of water in the slurry.

Drying may be performed at suitable temperature, for example from room temperature (25 °C) to about 200 °C, such as from about 50 °C to about 150 °C or from about 100 °C to about 130 °C. As the skilled person would appreciate, higher temperatures may allow for faster drying times, but can be more energy intensive. In some embodiments the material is dried for from about 30 seconds to about 10 minutes, such as from about 1 minute to about 5 minutes, such as from about 2 minutes to about 4 minutes.

The drying step (e) may, in some cases, reduce the average diameter of each of the strands by at least about 20%, such as between about 20% and about 90 %, or between about 30% and about 70%.

During step (e) the material may be heated to remove at least about 60 wt%, 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 85 wt% or 90 wt% of the solvent, which is typically water. Following drying step (e), the aerosol-generating material may have a water content as defined above. In particular, the aerosol-generating material may have of from 1wt % to 15wt% (WWB). Suitably, the water content of the aerosol-generating material may be from about 5wt%, 7wt% or 9wt% to about 15wt%, 13wt%, 11wt%, 9 wt% or 8 wt% (wet weight basis) (WWB). In some embodiments, the aerosolgenerating material has a water content of less than about 9 wt% (WWB), such as less than about 8 wt% (WWB). The water content of the aerosol-generating material may, for example, be determined by Karl-Fischer-titration or Gas Chromatography with Thermal Conductivity Detector (GC-TCD).

In some cases, the solvent which is part of the slurry or mixture may consist essentially of or consist of water. In some cases, the slurry or mixture may comprise from about 50wt%, 60wt%, 70wt%, 80wt% or 90wt% of solvent (WWB).

In cases where the solvent consists of water, the dry weight content of the slurry may match the dry weight content of the aerosol-generating material. Thus, the discussion herein relating to the solid material is explicitly disclosed in combination with the slurry aspect of the invention. In particular, aspects and embodiments above defining components of the aerosol-generating material and amounts thereof apply mutatis mutandis to the slurry of the invention and the method of the invention.

The method of the invention may also comprise cutting the non-linear strands to a desired free length. This step may occur before or after drying. The desired free length may be as set out hereinabove.

In some embodiments, the material is cut into a plurality of non-linear strands before drying step (e). Cutting the material into a plurality of non-linear strands (each shorter than the non-linear strand(s) initially formed) before drying the material can reduce tangling of the material, which can in turn make the material easier to process and/or incorporated into an article. Reducing tangling of the material may also make it easier to form a homogeneous mixture if the material is blended with tobacco.

In some embodiments, the non-linear strands may be arranged to form a net or mesh-like structure. In some embodiments, the non-linear strands may be joined or woven together to form sheets of aerosol-generating material. Such structures may be formed by arranging the strands into the shape of a net or mesh (e.g. a grid formation) before, during and/or after drying.

In a further aspect, the invention also provides an aerosol-generating material obtainable by, or obtained by a method of the invention. Aspects and embodiments above defining components of the aerosol-generating material and amounts thereof apply mutatis mutandis to this further aspect of the invention.

According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of generating an aerosol using a non-combustible aerosol provision system as described herein. In some embodiments, the method comprises heating the aerosolgenerating material (or the aerosol-generating composition) to a temperature of less than or equal to 350 °C. In some embodiments, the method comprises heating the aerosol-generating material (or the aerosol-generating composition) to a temperature of from about 220 °C to about 280 °C. In some embodiments, the method comprises heating at least a portion of the aerosol-generating material (or the aerosolgenerating composition) to a temperature of from about 220 °C to about 280 °C over a session of use.

“Session of use” as used herein refers to a single period of use of the noncombustible aerosol provision system by a user. The session of use begins at the point at which power is first supplied to at least one heating unit present in the heating assembly. The device will be ready for use after a period of time has elapsed from the start of the session of use. The session of use ends at the point at which no power is supplied to any of the heating elements in the aerosol-generating device. The end of the session of use may coincide with the point at which the smoking article is depleted (the point at which the total particulate matter yield (mg) in each puff would be deemed unacceptably low by a user). The session will have a duration of a plurality of puffs. Said session may have a duration less than 7 minutes, or 6 minutes, or 5 minutes, or 4 minutes and 30 seconds, or 4 minutes, or 3 minutes and 30 seconds. In some embodiments, the session of use may have a duration of from 2 to 5 minutes, or from 3 to 4.5 minutes, or 3.5 to 4.5 minutes, or suitably 4 minutes. A session may be initiated by the user actuating a button or switch on the device, causing at least one heating element to begin rising in temperature. All percentages by weight described herein (denoted wt%) are calculated on a dry weight basis (DWB), unless explicitly stated otherwise. All weight ratios are also calculated on a dry weight basis. A weight quoted on a dry weight basis refers to the whole of the slurry, aerosol-generating composition or aerosol-generating material, other than the water, and may include components which by themselves are liquid at room temperature and pressure, such as glycerol. Conversely, a weight percentage quoted on a wet weight basis (WWB) refers to all components, including water.

For the avoidance of doubt, where in this specification the term “comprises” is used in defining the invention or features of the invention, embodiments are also disclosed in which the invention or feature can be defined using the terms “consists essentially of” or “consists of” in place of “comprises”. Reference to a material “comprising” certain features means that those features are included in, contained in, or held within the material.

Any feature described in relation to one aspect of the invention is expressly disclosed in combination with any other aspect described herein.

Exemplary Embodiments

Further embodiments of the invention are as follows:

Embodiment 1 . An aerosol-generating material in the form of one or more nonlinear strands, wherein each non-linear strand has a tensile strength of at least about 0.2 N and an elongation at break of at least about 1.5 %.

Embodiment 2. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises: an aerosol-generating agent; and/or a crosslinked binder.

Embodiment 2a. An aerosol-generating material in the form of one or more nonlinear strands, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises: an aerosol-generating agent; and/or a binder selected from the group consisting of alginate, pectin, carrageenan (such as iota-carrageenan), gellan gum (such as high acyl gellan gum), and combinations thereof.

Embodiment s. An aerosol-generating material in the form of one or more linear strands, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises: an aerosol-generating agent; and a crosslinked binder comprising pectin, iota-carrageenan, and/or gellan gum.

Embodiment 4. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has a diameter of from about 0.05 mm to about 3 mm.

Embodiment s. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has a diameter of from about 0.3 mm to about 2.5 mm.

Embodiment 6. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has a diameter of from about 0.5 to about 1.5 mm.

Embodiment ?. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has a diameter of from about 0.7 to about 1.1 mm.

Embodiment s. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has a diameter of from about 0.1 to about 2 mm.

Embodiment 9. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has a diameter of from about 0.2 to about 1.1 mm.

Embodiment 10. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has a diameter of from about 0.3 to about 0.6 mm.

Embodiment 11. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has a thickness of from about 0.05 mm to about 3 mm.

Embodiment 12. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has a thickness of from about 0.3 mm to about 2.5 mm. Embodiment 13. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has an uncoiled length of from about 8 mm to about 200 mm.

Embodiment 13a. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has a thickness of from about 0.5 to about 1.5 mm.

Embodiment 14. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has a thickness of from about 0.7 to about 1.1 mm.

Embodiment 15. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has a thickness of from about 0.1 to about 2 mm.

Embodiment 16. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has a thickness of from about 0.2 to about 1.1 mm.

Embodiment 17. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has a thickness of from about 0.3 to about 0.6 mm.

Embodiment 18. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the ratio of the diameter to the thickness of each of the nonlinear strands is from about 1:2 to about 2:1.

Embodiment 19. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the ratio of the diameter to the thickness of each of the nonlinear strands is from about 3:2 to about 2:3.

Embodiment 20. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the ratio of the diameter to the thickness of each of the nonlinear strands is about 1 :1.

Embodiment 21. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has an uncoiled length of from about 10 mm to about 200 mm.

Embodiment 22. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has an uncoiled length of from about 20 mm to about 100 mm. Embodiment 23. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has an uncoiled length of from about 30 mm to about 50 mm.

Embodiment 24. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has a coiled length of from about

2 mm to about 35 mm.

Embodiment 25. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has a coiled length of from about

3 mm to about 25 mm.

Embodiment 26. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has a coiled length of from about 6 mm to about 23 mm.

Embodiment 27. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has a coiled length of from about 8 mm to about 22 mm.

Embodiment 28. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein each of the non-linear strands has a coiled length of from about 11 mm to about 20 mm.

Embodiment 29. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the uncoiled length is greater than the coiled length.

Embodiment 30. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the ratio between the uncoiled length and the coiled length of each non-linear strand is at least about 1.2.

Embodiment 31. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the ratio between the uncoiled length and the coiled length of each non-linear strand is at least about 1.3.

Embodiment 32. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the ratio between the uncoiled length and the coiled length of each non-linear strand is at least about 1.5.

Embodiment 33. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the ratio between the uncoiled length and the coiled length of each non-linear strand is at least about 2.0.

Embodiment 34. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the ratio between the uncoiled length and the coiled length of each non-linear strand is less than about 10. Embodiment 35. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the ratio between the uncoiled length and the coiled length of each non-linear strand is less than about 8.

Embodiment 36. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the ratio between the uncoiled length and the coiled length of each non-linear strand is less than about 6.

Embodiment 37. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the ratio between the uncoiled length and the coiled length of each non-linear strand is from about 1.2 to about 10.

Embodiment 38. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the ratio between the uncoiled length and the coiled length of each non-linear strand is from about 1.5 to about 5.

Embodiment 39. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the ratio between the uncoiled length and the coiled length of each non-linear strand is from about 2 to about 5.

Embodiment 40. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the ratio between the uncoiled length and the diameter of each of the non-linear strands is from about 5 to about 200.

Embodiment 41. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the ratio between the uncoiled length and the diameter of each of the non-linear strands is from about 10 to about 100.

Embodiment 42. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the ratio between the uncoiled length and the diameter of each of the non-linear strands is from about 20 to about 50.

Embodiment 43. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the tensile strength of each strand ranges from about 0.2 N to about 3.0 N.

Embodiment 44. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the tensile strength of each strand ranges from about 0.3 N to about 2.5 N.

Embodiment 45. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the tensile strength of each strand ranges from about 0.5 N to about 1.3 N. Embodiment 46. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the elongation of each strand ranges from about 1 .5% to about 50%.

Embodiment 47. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the elongation of each strand ranges from about 2% to about 35%.

Embodiment 48. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the elongation of each strand ranges from about 5% to about 25%.

Embodiment 49. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material has a fill value of from about 2 cm ³ /g to about 7.5 cm ³ /g.

Embodiment 50. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material has a fill value of from about 3 cm ³ /g to about 7 cm ³ /g.

Embodiment 51. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material has a fill value of from about

3.5 cm ³ /g to about 6 cm ³ /g.

Embodiment 52. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material has a fill value of from about 4 cm ³ /g to about 6 cm ³ /g.

Embodiment 52a. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material has a fill value of from about 3 cm ³ /g to about 10 cm ³ /g.

Embodiment 52b. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material has a fill value of from about 4 cm ³ /g to about 9.5 cm ³ /g.

Embodiment 52c. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material has a fill value of from about

4.5 cm ³ /g to about 9 cm ³ /g.

Embodiment 52d. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material has a fill value of from about 5 cm ³ /g to about 9 cm ³ /g. Embodiment 53. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 1 to about 80 wt% aerosol-generating agent.

Embodiment 54. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 5 to about 60 wt% aerosol-generating agent.

Embodiment 55. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 10 to about 50 wt% aerosol-generating agent.

Embodiment 56. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 10 to about 45 wt% aerosol-generating agent.

Embodiment 57. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 20 to about 40 wt% aerosol-generating agent.

Embodiment 58. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 30 to about 40 wt% aerosol-generating agent.

Embodiment 59. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 10 to about 40 wt% aerosol-generating agent.

Embodiment 60. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 15 to about 30 wt% aerosol-generating agent.

Embodiment 61. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating agent comprises one or more of glycerol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1 ,3-butylene glycol, erythritol, meso-Erythritol, ethyl vanillate, ethyl laurate, a diethyl suberate, triethyl citrate, triacetin, a diacetin mixture, benzyl benzoate, benzyl phenyl acetate, tributyrin, lauryl acetate, lauric acid, myristic acid, and propylene carbonate. Embodiment 62. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating agent comprises glycerol.

Embodiment 63. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 1 to about 60 wt% binder. Embodiment 64. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 5 to about 50 wt% binder.

Embodiment 65. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 6 to about 40 wt% binder.

Embodiment 66. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 7 to about 30 wt% binder.

Embodiment 67. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 15 to about 25 wt% binder.

Embodiment 68. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the binder comprises a flexible binder.

Embodiment 69. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the binder comprises crosslinked alginate and/or pectin and/or iota-carrageenan.

Embodiment 70. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the binder comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of iota-carrageenan.

Embodiment 71. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material is substantially free of cellulosic binder.

Embodiment 72. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material is substantially free of carboxymethylcellulose.

Embodiment 72a. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises a crosslinked binder and a non-crosslinked binder.

Embodiment 73. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises one or more fillers. Embodiment 74. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 1 to about 60 wt% filler. Embodiment 75. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 1 to about 50 wt% filler.

Embodiment 76. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 5 to about 45 wt% filler.

Embodiment 77. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 10 to about 40 wt% filler.

Embodiment 78. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 18 to about 35 wt% filler.

Embodiment 79. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 20 to about 30 wt% filler.

Embodiment 80. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 1 to about 70 wt% filler.

Embodiment 81. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 10 to about 65 wt% filler.

Embodiment 82. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 20 to about 60 wt% filler.

Embodiment 83. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 30 to about 60 wt% filler or from about 40 to about 60 wt% filler.

Embodiment 83a. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 10 to about 80 wt% filler.

Embodiment 83b. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 20 to about 70 wt% filler. Embodiment 83c. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 30 to about 65 wt% filler.

Embodiment 83d. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 40 to about 65 wt% filler.

Embodiment 84. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises less than about 70 wt% filler.

Embodiment 85. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises less than about 60 wt% filler.

Embodiment 86. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises less than about 50 wt% filler.

Embodiment 87. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises less than about 30 wt% filler.

Embodiment 88. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises less than about 20 wt% filler.

Embodiment 89. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises less than about 10 wt% filler.

Embodiment 90. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the filler is a fibrous organic filler material selected from wood pulp, hemp fibre, cellulose or cellulose derivatives, such as microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), nanocrystalline cellulose and/or ground cellulose.

Embodiment 91. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the filler comprises wood pulp, MCC and/or ground cellulose.

Embodiment 91a. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material has a water content of less than about 9 wt%. Embodiment 91b. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material has a water content of less than about 8 wt%.

Embodiment 91c. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 1-70 wt% particulate botanical material.

Embodiment 91d. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 5-60 wt% particulate botanical material.

Embodiment 91e. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 10-50 wt% particulate botanical material.

Embodiment 91f. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 30-40 wt% particulate botanical material.

Embodiment 92. The aerosol-generating material of any preceding embodiment, wherein the aerosol-generating material is substantially free from tobacco.

Embodiment 93. An aerosol-generating composition comprising the aerosolgenerating material of any preceding embodiment.

Embodiment 93a. The aerosol-generating composition of Embodiment 93, wherein the aerosol-generating material is shredded and mixed with tobacco.

Embodiment 93b. The aerosol-generating composition of Embodiment 93 or 93a, wherein the aerosol-generating composition comprises from about 10-50 wt% aerosol-generating material and about 50-90 wt% tobacco.

Embodiment 93c. The aerosol-generating composition of any of Embodiments 93-93b, wherein the aerosol-generating composition comprises about 20-40 wt% aerosol-generating material and about 60-80 wt% tobacco.

Embodiment 93d. The aerosol-generating composition of any of Embodiments 93-93c comprising a mixture of the aerosol-generating material of the invention and dry ice expanded tobacco (DIET).

Embodiment 93e. The aerosol-generating composition of any of Embodiments 93-93d wherein the aerosol-generating composition has a fill value of from about 3 cm ³ /g to about 10 cm ³ /g. Embodiment 93f. The aerosol-generating composition of any of Embodiments 93-93e, wherein the aerosol-generating composition has a fill value of from about 4 cm ³ /g to about 9.5 cm ³ /g.

Embodiment 93g. The aerosol-generating composition of any of Embodiments 93-93f, wherein the aerosol-generating composition has a fill value of from about 4.5 cm ³ /g to about 9 cm ³ /g.

Embodiment 93h. The aerosol-generating composition of any of Embodiments 93-93g, wherein the aerosol-generating composition has a fill value of from about 5 cm ³ /g to about 9 cm ³ /g.

Embodiment 94. The aerosol-generating composition of any of Embodiments 93- 93h further comprising one or more additional active substances and/or flavours, and optionally one or more other functional materials.

Embodiment 95. The aerosol-generating composition of Embodiment 93 or 94 further comprising one or more other functional materials.

Embodiment 96. The aerosol-generating composition of Embodiment 94 or 95, wherein the other functional materials comprise one or more of pH regulators, colouring agents, preservatives, binders, fillers, stabilizers, and/or antioxidants.

Embodiment 97. The aerosol-generating composition of Embodiment 95, wherein the other functional materials comprise one or more fillers.

Embodiment 98. The aerosol-generating composition of Embodiment 97, wherein the fillers are selected from inorganic filler materials, wood pulp, hemp fibre, cellulose and cellulose derivatives.

Embodiment 99. The aerosol-generating composition of any of Embodiments 93-98, wherein the aerosol-generating composition comprises no calcium carbonate such as chalk.

Embodiment 100. The aerosol-generating composition of any of Embodiments 93-

99, wherein the aerosol-generating composition does not comprise fibrous material. Embodiment 101. The aerosol-generating composition of any of Embodiments 93-

100, wherein the aerosol-generating composition does not comprise tobacco fibres.

Embodiment 102. The aerosol-generating composition of any of Embodiments 93-

101 , comprising from about 50-100 wt% (WWB) of the aerosol-generating material.

Embodiment 103. The aerosol-generating composition of any of Embodiments 93-

102, comprising from about 50-95 wt% (WWB) of the aerosol-generating material.

Embodiment 104. The aerosol-generating composition of any of Embodiments 93-

103, comprising from about 50-90 wt% (WWB) of the aerosol-generating material. Embodiment 105. The aerosol-generating composition of any of Embodiments 93-

104, comprising from about 60-100 wt% (WWB) of the aerosol-generating material.

Embodiment 106. The aerosol-generating composition of any of Embodiments OS-

105, comprising from about 60-95 wt% (WWB) of the aerosol-generating material.

Embodiment 107. The aerosol-generating composition of any of Embodiments 93-

106, comprising from about 60-90 wt% (WWB) of the aerosol-generating material.

Embodiment 108. The aerosol-generating composition of any of Embodiments 93-

107, comprising from about 70-100 wt% (WWB) of the aerosol-generating material.

Embodiment 109. The aerosol-generating composition of any of Embodiments 93-

108, comprising from about 70-95 wt% (WWB) of the aerosol-generating material.

Embodiment 110. The aerosol-generating composition of any of Embodiments 93-

109, comprising from about 70-90 wt% (WWB) of the aerosol-generating material.

Embodiment 111. The aerosol-generating composition of any of Embodiments 93-

110, consisting of, or consisting essentially of the aerosol-generating material.

Embodiment 112. A consumable for use in a non-combustible aerosol provision device, the consumable comprising the aerosol-generating composition of any of Embodiments 93-111.

Embodiment 113. A non-combustible aerosol provision system comprising the consumable of Embodiment 112 and a non-combustible aerosol provision device.

Embodiment 114. The consumable for use in a non-combustible aerosol provision device of Embodiment 112, or the non-combustible aerosol provision system of Embodiment 113, wherein the non-combustible aerosol provision device is a heat- not-burn device.

Embodiment 115. A method of making the aerosol-generating material of any of Embodiments 1-92, the method comprising:

(a) forming a mixture comprising an aerosol-generating agent; a crosslinkable binder; optionally a filler; optionally an active and/or flavourant and/or an acid; and a solvent;

(b) ejecting the mixture through a nozzle such that the mixture moves with a velocity; and

(c) contacting the ejected mixture with a solution comprising a cross-linking agent, where the velocity of the mixture is reduced on contact with the solution. Embodiment 116. The method of Embodiment 115, wherein the solution in step

(c) further comprises one or more of a flavourant, an active, an aerosol generating agent (e.g. glycerol), and a botanical extract.

Embodiment 117. The method of Embodiment 115 or 116, wherein the solution in step (c) further comprises an aerosol generating agent (e.g. glycerol) and/or a botanical extract.

Embodiment 118. The method of Embodiment any of Embodiments 115-117, wherein the solution in step (c) further comprises the same aerosol generating agent as present in the mixture in step (a). Embodiment 119. The method of any of Embodiments 115-118, further comprising:

(d) separating the material formed in step (c) from the solution comprising the crosslinking agent.

Embodiment 120. The method of Embodiment 119, further comprising:

(e) drying the material.

Embodiment 121. The method according to any of Embodiments 115-120, wherein the solvent is water.

Embodiment 122. An aerosol-generating material obtainable by the method of any of claims Embodiments 115-121.

Examples

The materials were conditioned in 22±1°C and 60±2%RH for 48hs.

Example 1

A gel slurry was made in a 10L Robot Coupe mixer (R 10 V.V Robot Coupe). Wood pulp having a Schopper Riegler of 70-80 SR was added to water to form a mixture of water and 3 wt% wood pulp. Alginate was added slowly over 5 minutes at a speed of 600RPM. Ground cellulose was then added slowly over 5 minutes into the slurry mix. This was followed by the addition of glycerol, mixed with water, which was added over 2 minutes. The final gel slurry was left to mix for a further 10 minutes before it was poured into a beaker. This slurry mix was then slowly stirred using an overhead mixer. The gel slurry had a 15% solid content.

The resultant slurry comprised wood pulp (7.5wt%), alginate algogel 6021 (7.5wt%), glycerol (50wt%), ground cellulose (35wt%) (all weight percentages on a dry weight basis).

The gel slurry was pumped into a 0.06M calcium formate bath solution using a 620S Watson Marlow peristaltic pump, using a 2.0mm circular nozzle. The residence time was 0 mins (gel strands in mesh tray were removed immediately) and gel strands were dried at 70°C for 3 hours.

Once dried, the strands were divided into four batches. One batch was left uncut (Material 1) and the other three were cut to 1 , 2 and 3cm cut lengths (Materials 2, 3 and 4 respectively).

The tensile strength of individual strands selected from the material was measured using tensile/compression instrument Instron 68TM-5 (TCT_004) using Bluehill Universal software. Non-linear strands to be tested were visually selected from the bulk sample material avoiding clumping with the rest of the sample and with approximately 4 to 6 cm coiled length. Strands were cut from the rest of the sample material. Examples of the strands tested are shown in Figure 13. Keyence VHX-6000 (DMI_001) was used to measure the coiled and uncoiled length of the strands. An image of an example strand is shown in Figure 14. Selective sampling technique was applied instead of random sampling. Strands were visually selected avoiding clumping with the rest of the sample. Strands were cut from the rest of the sample.

Results from tensile testing in Newtons (N) and the coiled/uncoiled lengths are summarised in Tables 1-4 below. Table 1 : Tensile Strength Results

Table 2: Coiled Length Results

Table 3: Uncoiled Length Results

Table 4: Uncoiled/Coiled Results Example 2

A series of materials (Materials 5-9) according to Table 5 below were made by forming a gel slurry in a 10L Robot Coupe mixer (R 10 V.V Robot Coupe) as follows. Wood pulp having a Schopper Riegler of 70-80 SR was added to water to form a mixture of water and 3 wt% wood pulp. Alginate was added slowly over 5 minutes at a speed of 600RPM. Ground cellulose was then added slowly over 5 minutes into the slurry mix. This was followed by the addition of glycerol, mixed with water, which was added over 2 minutes. The final gel slurry was left to mix for a further 10 minutes before it was poured into a beaker. This slurry mix was then slowly stirred using an overhead mixer. The gel slurry had a 15% solid content.

The resultant slurry comprised wood pulp, alginate algogel 6021 , glycerol and ground cellulose, with the percentages of each component set out in Table 5 below.

The gel slurry was pumped into a 0.06M calcium formate bath solution using a 620S Watson Marlow peristaltic pump, using a 2.0 mm, 1.5 mm or 0.5 mm diameter circular nozzle. The residence time in the bath solution was Omins (gel strands in mesh tray were removed immediately) and the gel strands were subsequently dried at 70 °C for 3 hours.

Once dried, the strands of each material were divided into 4 batches and cut to 1 , 2 and 3 cm cut lengths (one batch was left uncut).

The fill value of these materials was then measured as described in the description above. The results are shown in Table 5, where the fill value given is the average of three repeats for each batch of material. Table 5: Fill value results

The fill value was also measured for a known comparative aerosol-generating material comprising 50wt% glycerol, 7wt% wood pulp, 7wt% CMC and 36wt% ground cellulose. The fill value for this comparative material, which was not in the form of non-linear strands of the present invention, was measured to be 2.696 cm ³ /g.

Example 3

A gel slurry was made in a 10L Robot Coupe mixer (R 10 V.V Robot Coupe). Alginate was added slowly to water over 5 minutes at a speed of 600RPM. Ground cellulose was then added slowly over 5 minutes into the slurry mix. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was then added slowly over 5 minutes into the slurry mix. This was followed by the addition of glycerol, mixed with water, which was added over 2 minutes. The final gel slurry was left to mix for a further 10 minutes before it was poured into a beaker. This slurry mix was then slowly stirred using an overhead mixer.

The gel slurry was pumped into a 0.06M calcium formate bath solution using a 620S Watson Marlow peristaltic pump, using a 0.5mm circular nozzle. The residence time was 0 mins (gel strands in mesh tray were removed immediately) and gel strands were dried at 70°C for 3 hours.

The resultant materials comprised alginate algogel 6021 (7.5wt%), glycerol (20wt%), ground cellulose (50wt%), and MCC (22.5wt%).

Keyence VHX-6000 (DMI_001) was used to measure the coiled and uncoiled length of the strands as described in relation to Example 1. The results are shown in Table 6 below.

Table 6: Length Results

Example 4

A gel slurry was made in a 10L Robot Coupe mixer (R 10 V.V Robot Coupe). Alginate and iota-carrageenan were added slowly to water over 5 minutes at a speed of 600RPM. Ground cellulose was then added slowly over 5 minutes into the slurry mix. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was then added slowly over 5 minutes into the slurry mix. This was followed by the addition of glycerol, mixed with water, which was added over 2 minutes. The final gel slurry was left to mix for a further 10 minutes before it was poured into a beaker. This slurry mix was then slowly stirred using an overhead mixer. The gel slurry had a 15% solid content.

The resultant slurry comprised alginate algogel 6021 (8wt%), glycerol (20wt%), ground cellulose (38wt%), MCC (21wt%), and iota-carrageenan (13wt%) (all weight percentages on a dry weight basis).

The gel slurry was pumped into a 0.06M calcium formate bath solution using a 620S Watson Marlow peristaltic pump, using a 0.5mm circular nozzle. The residence time was 0 mins (gel strands in mesh tray were removed immediately) and gel strands were dried at 70°C for 3 hours. Once dried, the tensile strength of individual strands selected from the material was measured using tensile/compression instrument Instron 68TM-5 (TCT_004) using Bluehill Universal software. Non-linear strands to be tested were visually selected from the bulk sample material avoiding clumping with the rest of the sample and with approximately 4 to 6 cm coiled length. Strands were cut from the rest of the sample material.

The maximum elongation of the strands at break was also measured as set out herein, using the same machine and test procedure as for the tensile strength but with the elongation at break determined in accordance with equation 1 by measuring the length of the strand prior to testing and the length of the strand at the point of breaking.

Results from tensile testing in Newtons (N) and the maximum elongation (%) are summarised in Tables 7 and 8 below.

Table 7: Tensile Strength Results

Table 8: Elongation results

Example 5

A slurry was formed comprising water, alginate algogel 6021 (8wt%), glycerol (20wt%), ground cellulose (38wt%), MCC (21wt%) and carrageenan (13%) (all weight percentages on a dry weight basis). The slurry had a 15% solid content.

The slurry was pumped into a calcium formate bath solution also comprising 20 wt% glycerol using a 0.8 mm or 1.0 mm circular nozzle.

The residence time was 0 mins (gel strands were removed immediately) and gel strands were dried in a heat tunnel at 120°C for 2.5 minutes.

The fill value of these materials was then measured as described in the description above. The results are shown in Table 9.

Table 9: Fill value Example 6

A slurry was formed comprising water, alginate algogel 6021 (8wt%), glycerol (20wt%), ground cellulose (38wt%), MCC (21wt%) and carrageenan (13%) (all weight percentages on a dry weight basis). The slurry had a 15% solid content.

The slurry was pumped into a 0.06 M calcium formate solution also comprising varying amounts of glycerol, using a 0.5 mm nozzle (Example 6a) or 0.6 mm nozzle (Examples 6b, 6c and 6d).

The residence time was 30 seconds and gel strands were dried in a heat tunnel at 120°C for 3.5 minutes.

The glycerol content of the final material was measured by gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID), with the results presented below. The glycerol content given below for Examples 5a, 5b and 5c is an average of three strands from the same batch.

Table 10: Glycerol content of materials

As can be seen from the above results, by including an aerosol-generating agent (i.e. glycerol) in the crosslinking solution it was possible to produce materials comprising the desired levels of aerosol-generating agent. Conversely, where no aerosolgenerating agent was included in the solution, the levels of aerosol-generating agent in the final material were significantly decreased compared with the initial mixture.