WAVELENGTH CONVERSION FILM AND DISPLAY DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME Inventors: Jie Cai, Shijun Zheng, Jeffrey R. Hammaker, Hiep Luu, Xinliang Ding, Tissa Sajoto, Jan Saska, and Peng Wang CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.63/379,633, filed on October 14, 2022, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.63/578,364, filed on August 23, 2023. FIELD The present disclosure relates to wavelength converting films and light-emitting display devices including the same. BACKGROUND Photoluminescent substances are materials that emit light after absorbing energy in the form of light or electricity. Photoluminescent substances may be classified as inorganic photoluminescent substances (or dyes), organic photoluminescent dyes, nanocrystal photoluminescent substances, and the like, depending on the components forming the photoluminescent substance and light emission mechanism. Recently, a variety of attempts to modify the spectrum of a light source using such photoluminescent substances have been described. Photoluminescent substances absorb specific wavelengths of light from a light source, convert this to light of a longer wavelength in a visible region, and emit the light. Depending on the light emission properties of the photoluminescent substance, the brightness, color purity, color gamut, etc., of the emitted light may be greatly enhanced. An inorganic photoluminescent substance may be formed with a parent compound such as a sulfide, an oxide or a nitride, and activator ions, and may be used in high-quality display apparatuses having excellent physical and chemical stability and high reproduction of color purity. However, there are disadvantages in that these inorganic photoluminescent substances are very high-priced, have low light emission efficiency, and the emission of light in a near ultraviolet or blue region of 400 nm or higher is limited. Quantum dot technology has achieved a high level of quantum efficiency and color gamut. However, cadmium-based quantum dots can be very toxic and are restricted in many countries due to health safety issues. In addition, some quantum dots have much lower quantum efficiency in converting blue LED light to green or red light. Furthermore, quantum dots can have a low stability when exposed to moisture and oxygen, often requiring expensive encapsulation processes. The cost of quantum dots may be high because it can be difficult to control the size uniformity during their production. Therefore, there is a need for new photoluminescent films having a high quantum efficiency, high color gamut output, and lower cost relative to quantum dot and other existing photoluminescent dye containing films. SUMMARY Some embodiments include a wavelength converting film comprising: a polymer matrix; a first photoluminescent dye, the first photoluminescent dye absorbing blue wavelength light and emitting green wavelength light with an emission spectrum having a full width half maximum of less than 40 nm; a second photoluminescent, the second photoluminescent dye absorbing blue wavelength light or green wavelength light and emitting red wavelength light with an emission spectrum having a full width half maximum of less than 55 nm; and light scattering centers; wherein the first photoluminescent dye, the second photoluminescent dye, and the light scattering centers are disposed within the polymer matrix. In some embodiments, the first photoluminescent dye may comprise a BODIPY group, a linking group, and an isoquinoline group. In some embodiments, the first photoluminescent dye can be selected from: (FD-1),

(FD-13), or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the first photoluminescent dye may comprise a BODIPY group, a linking group, and a naphthalic imide group. In some embodiments, the first photoluminescent dye may be selected from: In some embodiments, the second photoluminescent dye may comprise a BODIPY group, a linking group, and an isoquinoline group. In some embodiments, the second photoluminescent dye may be selected from:

(SD-4), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the second photoluminescent dye may comprise a BODIPY group, a linking group, and a naphthalimide group. In some embodiments, the second photoluminescent dye may be selected from:

In some embodiments, the second photoluminescent dye may comprise a BODIPY group, a linking group, and a perylene group. In some embodiments, the second photoluminescent dye may comprise: . In some embodiments, the second photoluminescent dye may comprise a pentaphenyl- BODIPY group, a linking group, and an isoquinoline group. In some embodiments, the second photoluminescent dye may comprise:

(SD-18), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the wavelength converting film may have an internal quantum yield of greater than 80%, e.g., 80-99% or 80-100%. In some embodiments, the wavelength converting film may have an external quantum yield of greater than 50%. In some embodiments, the wavelength converting film may have a color gamut of greater than 90% of BT.2020 standard or Rec. 2020 standard. In some embodiments, the film may have a thickness of less than 100 µm. Some embodiments include a light emitting device comprising the wavelength converting film described herein. Some embodiments include a backlit device having a blue light source, the device comprising the wavelength converting film described herein. These and other embodiments are described in greater detail below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic of an embodiment of a display device incorporating the improved WLC film described herein. FIG. 2 is a schematic of an embodiment of a display device incorporating the improved WLC film described herein. FIG. 3 is a schematic of an embodiment of a display device incorporating the improved WLC film described herein. FIG.4 is a schematic of a testing configuration including film embodiments described herein. FIG. 5 is a 1931 CIE color chart exhibiting color gamut representations of the improved WLC film described herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present disclosure relates to wavelength converting films comprising photoluminescent compounds (or dyes) having a high quantum efficiency, high color gamut output, and low cost. The term “BODIPY” as used herein, refers to a chemical moiety with the formula: The BODIPY moiety comprises a dipyrromethene complexed with a di-substituted boron atom, typically a BF ₂ unit or an B(CN) ₂ . The IUPAC name for the BODIPY core can be 4,4-difluoro-4-bora- 3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene and or 4,4-dicyano-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene. In some embodiments, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 are independently selected from a bond, an H, C1- C3 alkyl, aryl, an ether, and/or a phenyl group. In some embodiments, R7 and R8 can be independently selected from a bond, H, a methyl group (-CH3), and/or a Cl. In some embodiments, R2 and/or R5 can comprise the bulky ester. In some embodiments, the bulky ester can comprise a substituted branched polyol and three aryl carboxylic acids of the general formula: . In some embodiments, R9 can be a CF3, O-C1-C7 linear alkyl, t-butyl, or OBn (benzyl ester). The BODIPY moiety of the present disclosure may be a BODIPY moiety wherein R3 and R4 can each be an aryl group, e.g., a phenyl group; R1, R2, R5, and/or R6 can be a bond or an H, a substituted a , , r g The term “perylene” or “perylene derivative” as used herein, refers to a chemical moiety with the formula:

. The term “naphthalic imide” or “naphthalic acid derivative” or as used herein, refers to a chemical moiety with the formula: wherein X = NR, wherein R may be a linking group or an aryl group. The term “isoquinoline” or “isoquinoline derivative” or “xanthenoisoquinoline derivative” as used herein, refers to a chemical moiety with the formula: Y l group, and Y may be a hydrogen group, C1-C3 alkyl, or an aryl group, e.g., a benzyl group, r . The term “naphthalimide” or “naphthalimide derivative” as used herein, refers to a chemical moiety with the formula: , wherein R ⁰ may be a hydrogen (H), a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or a CF ₃ , wherein X may be an oxygen (O) or a sulfur (S), wherein R ¹ can be a hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or a C ₁ -C ₅ alkyl. In some embodiments, the BODIPY moiety is connected to a perylene moiety with a linking group. In some embodiments, the BODIPY moiety is connected to a naphthalic imide moiety with a linking group. In some embodiments, the BODIPY moiety is connected to an isoquinoline moiety with a linking group. In some embodiments, the BODIPY moiety is connected to a naphthalimide moiety with a linking group. Use of the term “may” or “may be” should be construed as shorthand for “is” or “is not” or, alternatively, “does” or “does not” or “will” or “will not,” etc. For example, the statement “the film may comprise scattering centers disposed within the polymer matrix” should be interpreted as, for example, “In some embodiments, the film comprises scattering centers disposed within the polymer matrix,” or “In some embodiments, the film does not comprise scattering centers disposed within the polymer matrix.” The term ITU-R Recommendation BT.2020 (more commonly known by the abbreviations Rec. 2020 or BT.2020) refers to a color display standard of the color gamut. The RGB primaries used by Rec. 2020 are equivalent to monochromatic light sources on the CIE 1931 spectral locus. The wavelength of the Rec.2020 primary colors is 630 nm for the red primary color, 532 nm for the green primary color, and 467 nm for the blue primary color. The Rec.2020 color space covers 75.8% (area within the determined triangle) of the CIE 1931 color space. Rec.2020 uses CIE Standard Illuminant D65 as the white point and the following color coordinates: Xw = 0.3127; Yw = 0.3290; XR = 0.708, YR = 0.292, XG = 0.17, YG = 0.797; XB = 0.131; YB = 0.046. Some embodiments include a wavelength converting film comprising a polymer matrix, a first organic photoluminescent compound, and a second organic photoluminescent compound. In some embodiments, the film may comprise a first organic photoluminescent dye that is green-emitting and has an emissive peak with a full width half maximum of less than about 40 nm, less than about 35 nm, less than about 30 nm, less than about 25 nm, about 1-40 nm, or about 1-25 nm. In some embodiments, the film may comprise a second organic photoluminescent dye that is a red-emitting and has an emissive peak with a full width half maximum of less than about 55 nm, less than about 50 nm, less than about 45 nm, less than about 40 nm, less than about 35 nm, about 1-55 nm, or about 1- 35 nm. In some embodiments, the film may comprise light scattering centers. In some examples, the first organic photoluminescent dye (emitting green light), the second organic photoluminescent dye (emitting red light), and the scattering centers are disposed within the polymer matrix. In some embodiments, the film provides a high quantum yield. In some embodiments, the film provides a broad color gamut of greater than 90%. Suitable means to determine the percent color gamut is to measure the area under the generated 1931 CIE color space, e.g., FIG.5. In some embodiments, the film may be between about 89% and about 99.9% color gamut, e.g., 91%, 92%, 93%, and /or 98%, or value in a range bounded by any of these values. In some embodiments, an LCD backlight is described, the LCD backlight comprising the aforementioned film. In some embodiments, the film may comprise a polymer matrix. In some embodiments, the polymer matrix may have a transparency of greater than 75%. In some embodiments, the polymer matrix may comprise a hydrophilic polymer. In some embodiments, the polymer matrix may comprise polystyrene (PS), and PETG (copolyester), PET (polyester), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PTEG), polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, or a polyacrylate. In some embodiments the polymer matrix may comprise polyvinyl butyral (PVB). In some embodiments, the polyacrylate may be a polyalkylacrylate. In some embodiments, the polyalkylacrylate may be a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). In some embodiments, the photoluminescent compound or the photoluminescent compounds (and/or the photoluminescent wavelength converting film comprising the photoluminescent compound or photoluminescent compounds) has a narrow absorption or emission band, such that a small amount of visible wavelength light is emitted. The absorption or emission band may be characterized by the full width at half maximum (FWHM). In the present disclosure, FWHM defines the width, in nanometers, of the absorption or emission spectrum at half the absorption or emission peak wavelength. In some embodiments, the photoluminescent compound has an absorption band with a FWHM value that is less than or equal to about 50 nm, less than or equal to about 45 nm, less than or equal to about 40 nm, less than or equal to about 35 nm, less than or equal to 30 nm, or less than or equal to about 25 nm when dispersed in the substantially transparent polymer matrix. In some embodiments, the photoluminescent compound has an emission band with a FWHM value that is less than or equal to 50 nm, less than or equal to about 45 nm, less than or equal to about 40 nm, less than or equal to 35 nm, less than or equal to about 30 nm, about 1-50 nm, or about 1-30 nm, when dispersed in the substantially transparent polymer matrix. In some embodiments, the film may comprise a first organic photoluminescent compound (or dye). In some embodiments, the first organic photoluminescent dye (and/or the photoluminescent wavelength converting film comprising the first organic photoluminescent dye) may have an emissive peak between about 510 nm and about 520 nm, or about 520 and about 530 nm, or a range bounded by any of these values (green light emitting). In some embodiments, the emissive spectrum of the first organic photoluminescent dye and/or the photoluminescent wavelength converting film may have a full width half maximum (FWHM) of less than about 65 nm, less than about 55 nm, less than about 50 nm, less than about 45 nm, less than about 40 nm, less than about 35 nm, less than about 30 nm, less than about 25 nm, less than about 20 nm, about 1-65 nm, or about 1-20 nm. In some embodiments, the first organic photoluminescent dye may comprise a BODIPY group, a linking group, and an isoquinoline group. In some embodiments, the isoquinoline group may be an isoquinoline derivative group. In some embodiments, the isoquinoline group may be an xanthenoisoquinoline derivative group. In some embodiments, the BODIPY group is covalently bonded to the linking group. In other embodiments, the linking group is covalently bonded to the isoquinoline group. In other embodiments, the linking group is covalently bonded to the isoquinoline derivative group. In other embodiments, the linking group is covalently bonded to the xanthenoisoquinoline derivative group. In some embodiments, the first organic photoluminescent dye may comprise a BODIPY group, a linking group and a naphthalic imide group. In some embodiments, the naphthalic imide group may be a naphthalic acid derivative group. In some embodiments, the BODIPY group is covalently bonded to the linking group. In other embodiments, the linking group is covalently bonded to the naphthalic imide group. In other embodiments, the linking group is covalently bonded to the naphthalic acid derivative group. In some embodiments, the first organic photoluminescent dye can be selected from the photoluminescent dyes described in co-pending U.S. Provisional Application No.63/152,309, Attorney Docket No. N3253.10133US01, and U.S. Provisional Application No.63/143,140, and Attorney Docket No. N3253.10133US02, which are incorporated herein by reference for their discussion of photoluminescent dyes; and U.S. Provisional Application No 63/385,812, Attorney Docket No. N3253.10176US01, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/476,609, Attorney Docket No. N3253.10178US01, which is incorporated herein by reference for their discussion of photoluminescent dyes. In some embodiments, the first organic photoluminescent dye may be selected from FD-1, FD-2, FD-3, FD-4, FD-5, FD-6, FD-7, FD-8, FD-9, FD-10, FD-11, FD-12, FD-13, or a combination thereof:

(FD-13), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the wavelength converting film may comprise a second organic photoluminescent dye. In some embodiments, the second organic photoluminescent dye (and/or the photoluminescent wavelength converting film comprising the second organic photoluminescent dye) may have an absorption peak between about 400 nm and about 470 nm (blue light absorbing). In some embodiments, the second organic photoluminescent dye (and/or the photoluminescent wavelength converting film comprising the second organic photoluminescent dye) may have an emissive peak between about 610 nm and about 620 nm, or about 620 nm and about 630 nm, or a range bounded by any of these values (red light emitting). In some embodiments, the emissive spectrum of the second organic photoluminescent dye and/or the photoluminescent wavelength converting film may have a full width half maximum (FWHM) of less than about 65 nm, less than about 55 nm, less than about 50 nm, less than about 45 nm, less than about 40 nm, less than about 35 nm, about 1-65 nm, or about 1-35 nm. In some embodiments, the second organic photoluminescent dye may comprise a BODIPY group, a linking group and a perylene group. In some embodiments, the perylene group may be a perylene derivative group. In some embodiments, the BODIPY group is covalently bonded to the linking group. In other embodiments, the linking group is covalently bonded to the perylene group. In other embodiments, the linking group is covalently bonded to the perylene derivative group. In some embodiments, the second organic photoluminescent dye may comprise a BODIPY group, a linking group and an isoquinoline group. In some embodiments, the isoquinoline group may be an isoquinoline derivative group. In some embodiments, the BODIPY group is covalently bonded to the linking group. In other embodiments, the linking group is covalently bonded to the isoquinoline group. In other embodiments, the linking group is covalently bonded to the isoquinoline derivative group. In some embodiments, the second organic photoluminescent dye may comprise a BODIPY group, a linking group and a naphthalimide group. In some embodiments, the naphthalimide group may be a naphthalimide derivative group. In some embodiments, the BODIPY group is covalently bonded to the linking group. In other embodiments, the linking group is covalently bonded to the naphthalimide group. In other embodiments, the linking group is covalently bonded to the naphthalimide derivative group. In some embodiments, the first organic photoluminescent dye can be selected from the photoluminescent dyes described in co-pending U.S. Provisional Application No.63/248,863, Attorney Docket No. M5513.10013US01, which is incorporated herein by reference for its discussion of photoluminescent dyes, to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/278,944 Attorney Docket No. M5513.10013US02, which is incorporated herein by reference for its discussion of photoluminescent dyes, and to PCT Patent Publication WO2020/210761, which is incorporated herein by reference for its discussion of photoluminescent dyes. In some embodiments, the second organic photoluminescent dye may be selected from SD- 1, SD-2, SD-3, SD-4, SD-5, SD-6, SD-7, SD-8, SD-9, SD-10, SD-11, SD-12, SD-13, SD-14, SD-15, SD-16, SD- 17, SD-18, or a combination thereof: ,

,

,

,

(SD-18), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the first photoluminescent compound may absorb light from within the UV/blue absorption spectrum and emit light within the green emission spectrum, enhancing the perceived emitted green light. In other embodiments, the second photoluminescent compound may absorb light from within the green and/or blue absorption spectrum and emit light within the red emission spectrum, enhancing the perceived emitted red light. In some embodiments, the first and second photoluminescent dyes may absorb light from within the UV/blue absorption spectrum and emit light in other wavelengths, wherein the combined resultant light may be perceived as white light. In some examples, the perceived white light may have a color temperature described as cool. In some embodiments, the perceived white light may have a color temperature described as warm. In some embodiments, first photoluminescent dye and second photoluminescent dye may absorb about 60-70% of a light source emitting light within the blue spectrum. In some embodiments, the resultant white light comprises about 30-50% blue light, about 20-30% red light emitted from the wavelength converting film, and about 20-30% green light emitted from the wavelength converting film. The thickness of the film may be adjusted to tune the percentage of blue light absorbed by the wavelength converting film and the percentage of blue light that passes through the wavelength converting film to comprise the resultant white light. In some embodiments, the photoluminescent wavelength converting film may have any suitable thickness, such as less than about 500 µm, less than about 200 µm, or less than about 100 µm, such as about 1-20 µm, about 20-30 µm, about 30-40 µm, about 40-50 µm, about 50-80 µm, about 80-120 µm, about 120-200 µm, about 200-300 µm, or about 300-500 µm, or any thickness in a range bounded by any of these values. In some embodiments, the thickness of the wavelength converting film may be reduced or increased according to the Beer-Lambert law. In particular, the Beer-Lambert law may be used to derive the relationships between the thickness of the film and the concentration of the first photoluminescent dye and second photoluminescent dye to achieve about 60-70% of blue light emitting from a light source. In some embodiments, the dye concentration may be decreased, and the thickness may be increased to permit absorption of about 60-70% of the blue light. In some embodiments, the dye concentration may be increased, and the thickness may be decreased to permit absorption of about 60-70% of the blue light. In some embodiments, the photoluminescent wavelength converting film may have a suitable thickness of greater than about 20 µm and less than about 40 µm for most dye concentrations as shown in Table 1 of the Examples section below. In some embodiments, the length of the linking group can be tuned to optimize the solubility of the first photoluminescent dye and the second photoluminescent dye. In some embodiments, the solubility of the first photoluminescent dye and the second photoluminescent dye may be greater than 0.15%. In some embodiments, the solubility of the first photoluminescent dye and the second photoluminescent dye may be about 0.03%-0.8%, about 0.8%-2%, or about 2%-3%, or a solubility in a range bounded by any of these ranges. The ratio of the amounts of the first photoluminescent dye and the second photoluminescent dye may be adjusted to tune the color properties of the photoluminescent wavelength converting film. For example the weight ratio of the first photoluminescent dye to the second photoluminescent dye may be about 0.01-100 (1 mg of the first photoluminescent dye and about 100 mg of the second photoluminescent dye is a ratio of 0.01), about 0.01-0.2, about 0.2-0.4, about 0.4-0.6, about 0.6-0.8, about 0.8-1, about 1-2, about 2-3, about 3-4, about 4-5, about 5-6, about 6-7, about 7-8, about 8-9, about 9-10, about 10-20, about 20-40, about 40-70, about 70-100, about 0.43, about 0.91, about 1.8, about 3.0, or any ratio in a range bounded by any of these values. In some embodiments, the film may comprise scattering centers disposed within the polymer matrix. In some embodiments, the scattering centers may be solid particles comprising scattering materials having a refractive index (RI) different than the refractive index of the polymer matrix material. Scattering material may be materials whose refractive index is different from RI of polymer matrix. Scattering material may be useful in increasing external quantum yield, e.g., by reducing total internal reflection. In some embodiments, the difference in RI between the polymer matrix material and the light scattering material may be at least about 0.05, about 0.1, at least about 0.2, at least about 0.3, at least about 0.4, or at least about 0.5, up to about 1 or about 2. In some embodiments, the scattering material may be silicone beads. In some embodiments, the scattering centers may comprise air voids defined within the polymer matrix. In some embodiments, the scattering centers may have an average diameter of between 1 micron (µm) and 10 microns (µm), about 1-2 µm, about 2-3 µm, about 3-4 µm, about 4-5 µm, about 5-6 µm, about 6-7 µm, about 7-8 µm, about 8-9 µm, about 9-10 µm, or about any value in a ranged bounded by any of these values. In some embodiments, the scattering centers may be substantially uniformly dispersed within the polymer matrix. In some embodiments, the top-level portion of the film, for example, the side distal to the blue light emitting source, may have greater than 50% of the scattering centers. In some embodiments, the scattering centers may be uniformly distributed throughout the polymer matrix. In some embodiments, a photoluminescent wavelength converting film may have an internal quantum yield (IQE) that is at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, or at least about 90%; and/or up to about 80%, up to about 85%, up to about 90%, up to about 100%, at the red or the green emission maximum. In some embodiments, a photoluminescent wavelength converting film may have an external quantum yield (EQE) that is at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90%; and/or up to about 80%, up to about 90%, or up to about 100%, at the red or the green emission maximum. In some embodiments, a display device may be represented by a device, such as device 10. As shown in FIG. 1, the device may comprise a light source, such as light source 12. In some embodiments, the display device may comprise a wavelength converting (WLC) film, such as film 16. In some embodiments, the WLC film may be in optical communication with the light source, enabling an increased efficacy in transmitting the generated light from the light source to a viewer, such as viewer 20. In some embodiments, a display device may be represented schematically by FIG.2. As shown in FIG.2, a display device, such as device 10, may comprise a light source, such as light source 12. In some embodiments, the display device may comprise a back reflector, such as back reflector 14. In some embodiments, the display device may comprise a wavelength converting (WLC) film, such as film 16. In some embodiments, the display device may comprise a mask, such as mask 18. In some embodiments, the WLC film may be in optical communication with the light source, enabling an increased efficacy in transmitting the generated light from the light source to a viewer, such as viewer 20. In some embodiments, a display device may be represented schematically by FIG.3. As shown in FIG.3, a display device is described, the device, such as device 10, may comprise a light source, such as light source 12. In some embodiments, the display device may comprise a back reflector, such as reflector 14. In some embodiments, the display device may comprise a wavelength converting (WLC) film, such as film 16. In some embodiments, the display device may comprise a mask, such as mask 18. In some embodiments, the WLC film may be in optical communication with the light source, and/or interposed between the light source and a viewer, such as viewer 20, and/or the mask, enabling an increased efficacy in transmitting the generated light from the light source to the viewer. In some embodiments, the display device may comprise one or more brightness enhancement films (BEF) 22, e.g., Vikuiti brand BEF (3M Minneapolis, MN, USA). In some embodiments, the display device 10 may comprise one or more polarizer and/or brightness enhancement films, e.g., dual brightness enhancement film (DBEF) 24, e.g., DBEF II (3M Minneapolis, MN, USA). In some embodiments, the use of one or more brightness enhancement films may be termed an optical film stack. Some embodiments include a method for making an LED light source. In some embodiments, the method may comprise making an undried wavelength shifting polymeric layer with an organic solvent and the photoluminescent dye described herein. In some embodiments, the method may include mixing a polymer and/or a monomer with an organic solvent. In some embodiments, the polymer and/or monomer precursor may be dispersed, dissolved and/or mixed with a solvent. In some embodiments, solvents may be used in manufacture of material layers. In some embodiments, the solvent may be a non-polar solvent. In some embodiments, the non-polar solvent may include, but is not limited to, xylenes, cyclohexanone, acetone, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the solvent may be a polar solvent. In some embodiments, the polar solvent may comprise ethanol, dimethylformamide (DMF), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the solvent may be a combination of non-polar and polar solvents. In some embodiments, the method may comprise submerging the undried polymeric photocatalytic WLC layer in an aqueous solution. In some embodiments, the aqueous solution may comprise water. In some embodiments, the aqueous solution may comprise at least 90% water. In some embodiments, the water may be deionized water. In some embodiments, the undried polymeric photocatalytic WLC layer may be submerged in an aqueous solution for about 5 minutes to about 1 hour. In some embodiments, the method may comprise withdrawing the undried polymeric photocatalytic WLC layer from the aqueous solution. In some embodiments, the method may comprise drying the undried polymeric photocatalytic WLC layer. It is believed that making the polymeric photocatalytic WLC layer in this manner provides a plurality of air voids defined in the emissive or distal surface of the polymeric photocatalytic WLC layer. In some embodiments, the air voids are substantially entirely within about 1 micron to about 5 microns from the emissive surface of the polymeric photocatalytic WLC layer. In some embodiments, the polymer material comprises an aqueous solution of about 2 wt% to about 50 wt% polymer, about 2-5 wt%, about 5-10 wt%, about 10-15 wt%, about 15-20 wt%, about 20-25 wt%, about 25-30 wt%, about 30-35 wt%, about 35-40 wt%, about 40-45 wt%, about 45-50 wt%, about 2.5 to 30 wt%, about 5-15 wt%, about 15-25 wt%, about 25-35 wt%, or about 30 wt%, or any weight % in a range bounded by any of these values.

EMBODIMENTS Embodiment 1. A wavelength converting film comprising: a polymer matrix; a first photoluminescent dye, the first photoluminescent dye absorbing blue wavelength light and emitting green wavelength light with an emission spectrum having a full width at half maximum of less than 40 nm; a second photoluminescent dye, the second photoluminescent dye absorbing blue or green wavelength light and emitting a red wavelength light with an emission spectrum having a full width at half maximum of less than 55 nm; and light scattering centers, wherein the first photoluminescent dye, the second photoluminescent dye, and the light scattering centers are disposed within the polymer matrix. Embodiment 2. The wavelength converting film of embodiment 1, wherein the first photoluminescent dye comprises a BODIPY group, a linking group, and an isoquinoline group Embodiment 3. The wavelength converting film of embodiment 2, wherein the first photoluminescent dye is selected from:

Embodiment 4. The wavelength converting film of embodiment 1, wherein the first photoluminescent dye comprises a BODIPY group, a linking group, and a naphthalic imide group. Embodiment 5. The wavelength converting film of embodiment 4, wherein the first photoluminescent dye is selected from:

(FD-2). Embodiment 6. The wavelength converting film of embodiment 1, wherein the second photoluminescent dye comprises a BODIPY group, a linking group, and an isoquinoline group. Embodiment 7. The wavelength converting film of embodiment 6, wherein the second photoluminescent dye is selected from:

Embodiment 8. f embodiment 1, wherein the second photoluminescent dye c roup, and a naphthalimide group. Embodiment 9. The wavelength converting film of embodiment 8, wherein the second photoluminescent dye is selected from:

Embodiment 10. The wavelength converting film of embodiment 1, wherein the second photoluminescent dye comprises a BODIPY group, a linking group, and a perylene group. Embodiment 11. The wavelength converting film of embodiment 10, wherein the d from: Embodiment 12. The wavelength converting film of embodiment 1, wherein the second photoluminescent dye comprises a pentaphenyl-BODIPY group, a linking group, and an isoquinoline group. Embodiment 13. The wavelength converting film of embodiment 12, wherein the second photoluminescent dye is selected from: r

Embodiment 14. The wavelength converting film of embodiment 1, wherein the second photoluminescent dye is selected from:

,

(SD-14), or a combination thereof. Embodiment 15. The wavelength converting film of embodiment 1, wherein the second photoluminescent dye is selected from:

(SD-18), or a combination thereof. Embodiment 16. The wavelength converting film of embodiments 1-15, wherein the wavelength converting film has an internal quantum yield of greater than 80%. Embodiment 17. The wavelength converting film of embodiments 1-15, wherein the wavelength converting film has an external quantum yield of greater than 50%. Embodiment 18. The wavelength converting film of embodiments 1-15, wherein the wavelength converting film has a color gamut of greater than 90% of BT.2020 standard. Embodiment 19. The wavelength converting film of embodiments 1-15, wherein the wavelength converting film has a thickness of less than 100 µm. Embodiment 20. A light emitting device comprising the wavelength converting film of embodiments 1-19. Embodiment 21. A backlit device having a blue light source, the device comprising the wavelength converting film of embodiments 1-19. Examples It has been discovered that embodiments of the film including photoluminescent complexes described herein have improved performance as compared to other forms of color conversion films. These benefits are further demonstrated by the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative of the disclosure only but are not intended to limit the scope or underlying principles in any way. Synthesis of first photoluminescent dyes Synthesis procedure for Compound FD-1

Compound FD-1.1: A mixture of ethyl 2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (1.0 g, 6.0 mmol), 4-hydroxy-2,6- dimethylbenzaldehyde (0.449 g, 3.0 mmol) and tosylic acid (50 mg, 0.29mmol) in 50 mL 1,2- dichloroethane was degassed and stirred at room temperature overnight. LCMS analysis shows that one main peak with m/e+ = 467. To the resulting solution, DDQ (0.817g, 3.6 mmol) was added then stirred for 30 min at room temperature. LCMS analysis shows that all starting material was converted to desired product with m/e+ =465. With ice-bath cooling, 1.7 mL triethylamine and 2.2 mL BF3-diethyl ether were added sequentially to the mixture from step 2. The whole was heated at 50 ºC for one hour. LCMS analysis shows ~30% conversion. To the mixture, additional 1mL triethylamine and 1 mL BF3-diethyl ether was added, the whole was heated at 50 ºC for additional one hour. LCMS analysis shows that all stating materials were converted to desired BODIPY product with m/e+ = 513, m/e- = 512. The reaction mixture was submitted directly to silica gel and purified by flash chromatography using eluents of hexanes/ethyl acetate (0% 30% ethyl acetate). The main desired peak was collected, and removal of solvents gave an orange solid (1.0 g, in 65% yield). LCMS (APCI): calculated for C27H32BF2N2O5 (M+H): 513.2; Found: 513.1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.26 (s, 3H), 6.68 (s, 2H), 4.29 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H), 2.84 (s, 6H), 2.05 (s, 6H), 1.34 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 6H). Compound FD-1.2: A mixture of 2-nitrophenol (6.6g, 48 mmol), KOH powder (2.4g, 43 mmol) was mixed and stirred under vacuum for 30 min, then copper powder (0.4 g) was added, followed by 100 mL anhydrous DMF. The mixture was stirred for 5 min, then 4-chloronaphthalic anhydride (5.1g, 22 mmol) was added. The whole was degassed then heated at reflux for 1.5 hr. After cooled to room temperature, 100mL 20% hydrochloride acid was added dropwise into the resulted reaction mixture, which was allowed to sit for 2 hrs. The precipitate was collected by filtration, then was dried under vacuum overnight to give yellow brown solid (4.6 g). It was further purified by stirred in refluxed acetic acid (50 mL) for 2 hrs, then cooled to room temperature. Filtration and dried in air gave a yellow solid (3.0g, in 41% yield). Confirmed by LCMS (APCI): calculated for C18H10NO6 (M+H): 336.0; Found: 336. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.80 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.72 (dd, J = 7.3, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.50 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (dd, J = 8.5, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (td, J = 7.9, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (td, J = 8.0, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H). Compound FD-1.3: A mixture of compound FD-1.24-(2-nitrophenoxyl)-1,8-naphthalic anhydride (2.0g, 6 mmol) and iron powder (<10um, 0.91g, 16 mmol) in acetic acid (75 mL) was heated to reflux for 30 min. The resulting solution was poured into water (220mL). The resulted precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with water and dried thoroughly in air then under vacuum to afford a yellow solid (1.65g, in 90% yield). Confirmed by LCMS (APCI): calculated for C ₁₈ H ₁₂ NO ₄ (M+H): 306.1; Found: 306. Compound FD-1.4: Compound FD-1.3 4-(2-aminophnoxy)-1,8-naphthalic anhydride (1.5g, 4.9mmol), was dispersed in acetic acid (35mL) and cooled to 0 ºC. While being stirred, precooled hydrochloric acid (3mL, 37 mmol) was added, then sodium nitrite solution (3.29g, 46 mmol) in 12 mL water was added dropwise at 0 ºC. The whole was stirred for one hour at 0 ºC, then was transferred into additional funnel, and dropped into a refluxed copper sulfate solution (5.08g, 20 mmol, in 50 mL water) over one-hour period. After cooled to room temperature, the precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water, then dried in air then in vacuum to give a yellow solid (0.92g, in 65% yield). Confirmed by LCMS (APCI): calculated for C18H8O4 (M-): 288.0; Found: 288. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.61 (dd, J = 17.1, 8.1 Hz, 2H), 8.09 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H). Compound FD-1.5: A mixture of compound FD-1.41H,3H-isochromeno[6,5,4-mna]xanthene-1,3-dione (100mg, 0.347 mmol), 4-(4-aminophenyl)butanoic acid (125 mg, 0.7 mmol) in 5 mL DMF was heated at 165 ºC for 2.5 hrs in microwave reactor. To the mixture, 15 mL acetone was added, the resulted precipitate was collected by filtration and dried in air to give a yellow solid (120 mg, in 77% yield). Confirmed by LCMS (APCI): calculated for C ₂₈ H ₁₉ NO ₅ (M-): 449.1; Found: 449. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.38 (d, J = 41.6 Hz, 4H), 7.81 – 6.97 (m, 8H), 2.69 – 2.64 (m, 2H), 2.26 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.87 (p, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H). Compound FD-1: A mixture of compound FD-1.5 (45mg, 0.1 mmol), compound FD-1.1 (40 mg, 0.078 mmol), DMAP/TsOH salt (59mg, 0.2 mmol) and DIC (0.1 mL, 0.63 mmol) in 5 mL DCM was stirred room temperature overnight, then at 45 ºC for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was submitted to silica gel and purified by flash chromatography using eluents of DCM/ethyl acetate (0% to 10% ethyl acetate). The desired product peak was collected and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting solid was further washed with methanol and dried in air to give an orange solid (46 mg, in 62% yield). Confirmed by LCMS (APCI): calculated for C55H49BF2N3O9 (M+H): 944.3; Found: 944. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, d2-TCE) δ 8.54 (dd, J = 18.7, 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.40 – 7.25 (m, 5H), 7.20 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 6.93 (s, 2H), 4.19 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H), 2.80 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.75 (s, 6H), 2.62 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.10 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.06 (s, 6H), 1.65 (s, 6H), 1.25 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 6H). Synthesis procedure for Compound FD-2 Compound FD-2.1: A mixture of ethyl 2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (1.0g, 6.0 mmol), 4-hydroxy-2,6- dimethylbenzaldehyde (0.449g, 3.0 mmol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) (50 mg, 0.29mmol) in 50 mL dichloroethane (DCE) was degassed and stirred at room temperature overnight. Liquid chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (LCMS) analysis shows that reaction completed with main leak of m/e ⁺ = 467. To the mixture obtained above, 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) (0.817g, 3.6 mmol) was added and the whole was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. LCMS analysis indicates that reaction completed with main peak of m/e ⁺ = 465. With ice-batch cooling, to the mixture obtained above, triethylamine (1.7 mL, 12 mmol) and BF3-diethyl ether (2.2 mL, 18 mmol) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 50 C for one hour. Additional 1mL triethylamine and 1mL BF3-diethyl ether were added, and the whole was heated for additional one hour. LCMS analysis indicates that all dipyrrolemethine starting material was converted to BODIPY product with m/e ⁺ = 513. After cooled to room temperature, the reaction mixture was submitted to silica gel and purified by flash chromatography using eluents of hexanes/ethyl acetate (0% to 30% ethyl acetate). The desired fraction was collected. After removal of solvents, the desired product was obtained as orange solid (1.0g, in 65% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 6.68 (s, 2H), 4.29 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H), 2.84 (s, 6H), 2.05 (s, 6H), 1.34 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 6H). LCMS (APCI+): calculated for C ₂₇ H ₃₂ BF ₂ N ₂ O ₅ (M+H) = 513.2; Found: 513. Compound FD-2: A mixture of compound FD-2.1 (100mg, 0.195mmol), FD-2.2 (4-(4-(6-(4- (diphenylamino)phenyl)-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3 H)-yl)phenyl)butanoic acid) (132 mg, 0.22 mmol), diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) (0.1 mL, 0.63 mmol) and dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)/p-TsOH (118 mg, 0.4 mmol) in dichloromethane (DCM) (6mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight, then loaded on silica gel, and purified by flash chromatography using eluents of DCM/ethyl acetate (0% to 5% ethyl acetate). The desired main orange color faction was collected. After removal of solvents, the resulting solid was reprecipitated in DCM/MeOH. The desired product was obtained after filtration and dried in air as orange solid (145 mg, 68% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, d2-TCE) δ 8.56 (dd, J = 7.4, 4.7 Hz, 2H), 8.43 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.79 – 7.64 (m, 2H), 7.41 – 7.18 (m, 10H), 7.18 – 7.12 (m, 6H), 7.03 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 6.93 (s, 2H), 4.19 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H), 2.81 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.75 (s, 6H), 2.62 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.11 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.06 (s, 6H), 1.65 (s, 6H), 1.25 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 6H). LCMS (APCI-): calculated for C ₆₇ H ₅₉ BF ₂ N ₄ O ₈ (M-) = 1096.4; Found: 1096. Synthesis procedure for Compound FD-3

Compound FD-3.1 2-(4-(9-bromo-1,3-dioxo-1H-xantheno[2,1,9-def] isoquinolin-2(3H)- yl)phenyl)acetic acid: A mixture of compound SD-2.6 (400.0 mg, 1.1 mmol), 4-aminophenylacetic acid (329.4 mg, 2.2 mmol) and DMAP (9.3 mg, 0.080 mmol) in DMF (8 mL) was degassed at room temperature. Then the mixture was heated up to 165 ºC and has been kept at this temperature for 3 hrs. TLC and LCMS showed ~95% conversion without observable side-reaction. The mixture was cooled down to 50 ºC. Then it was poured into an acetone solution (40 mL), which has been pre-chilled by water-ice bath. The mixture has been kept at 0 ºC for 2 hrs and then has been kept stirring at room temperature overnight. The solid was collected through vacuum filtration and washed by acetone (4 mL). And it was dried by vacuum oven at 100 ºC for 3 hrs to provide the pure compound FD-3.1 as a yellow brown solid 395.0 mg, 73% yield. MS (APCI): calculated for C ₂₆ H ₁₄ BrNO ₅ ([M+H]+) = 500 found: 500. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl ₂ CDCl ₂ ) δ 8.65 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.62 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.21 (dd, J = 6.4 Hz, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (bs, 1H), 7.95 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J = 8.4 Hz, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (m, 3H), 2.94 (s, 2H). Compound SD-5.1 2-(4-(1,3-dioxo-9-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-xantheno[2, 1,9- def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetic acid: A 100 mL vial was fitted with a stir bar. To the vial, compound FD-3.1 (400.0 mg, 0.80 mmol), 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid (262.2 mg, 1.6 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2 (41.0 mg, 0.056 mmol) and K2CO3 (298.0 mg, 2.2 mmol) in THF/DMF/H2O (22 ml/ 4.4 ml/ 2.2 ml) was degassed at room temperature. The reaction mixture was heated up to 80 ºC and the reaction has been kept at this temperature overnight. TLC was used to monitor the reaction. After the completion, the reaction was worked up by the addition of 0.1N HCl (150 ml) and EtOAc (150 ml). The aqueous phase was further extracted by THF (150 ml*3). The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na ₂ SO ₄ , concentrated under rotavapor, and purified by flash chromatography, using DCM in EtOAc (0-40%, with 0.1% TFA) as an eluant to provide the pure RL-naphthalimide derivative SD-5.1 as a yellow/yellow brown solid.363.0 mg, 80% yield. MS (APCI): calculated for C ₃₃ H ₁₈ F ₃ NO ₅ ([M+H]+) = 566 found: 566. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.76 (m, 1H), 8.56 (m, 2H), 8.52 (dd, J = 8.0 Hz, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H), 8.15 (m, 2H), 8.06 (m, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.66 (dd, J = 8.0 Hz, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (m, 1H), 7.45 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.72 (s, 2H). Compound FD-3: A mixture of compound SD-5.1 (50 mg, 0.089 mmol), compound FD-2.1 (30 mg, 0.059 mmol), DMAP/TsOH salt (15 mg, 0.051 mmol) and EDC•HCl (60 mg, 0.31 mmol) in 5 mL DCM was stirred room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was submitted to silica gel and purified by flash chromatography using eluents of DCM/ethyl acetate (0% to 10% ethyl acetate). The desired product peak was collected and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting solid was reprecipitated with ethyl acetate/methanol and dried in air to give an orange solid (45mg, in 72%). LCMS (APCI-): calculated for C60H47BF5N3O9: 1059.33; Found: 1059. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methylene Chloride-d2) δ 8.73 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 8.66 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.39 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.17 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (dt, J = 11.4, 8.4 Hz, 5H), 7.64 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.57 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.41 – 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.09 (s, 2H), 4.30 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H), 4.05 (s, 2H), 2.84 (s, 6H), 2.18 (s, 6H), 1.77 (s, 6H), 1.36 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 6H). Synthesis procedure for Compound FD-4

Compound FD-1.1 (6-(2-nitrophenoxy)-1H,3H-benzo[de]isochromene-1,3-dione): A mixture of 2-nitrophenol (6.6 g, 48 mmol), KOH powder (2.4 g, 43 mmol) was mixed and stirred under vacuum for 30 min, then copper powder (0.4 g) was added, followed by 100 mL anhydrous DMF. The mixture was stirred for 5 min, then 4-chloronaphthalic anhydride (5.1g, 22 mmol) was added. The whole was degassed then heated at reflux for 1.5 hr. After cooled to room temperature, 100mL 20% hydrochloric acid was added dropwise into the resulted reaction mixture, which was allowed to sit for 2 hrs. The precipitate was collected by filtration, then was dried under vacuum overnight to give yellow brown solid (4.6g). It was further purified by stirred in refluxing acetic acid (50 mL) for 1 hr, then cooled to room temperature. Filtration and dried in air gave a yellow solid (3.0g, in 41% yield). Confirmed by LCMS (APCI): calcd for C18H10NO6 (M+H): 336.0; Found: 336. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.80 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.72 (dd, J = 7.3, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.50 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (dd, J = 8.5, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (td, J = 7.9, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (td, J = 8.0, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H). Compound FD-1.2 (6-(2-aminophenoxy)-1H,3H-benzo[de]isochromene-1,3-dione): A mixture of compound FD-1.1 (2.0g, 6 mmol) and iron powder (<10um, 0.91g, 16 mmol) in acetic acid (75 mL) was heated to reflux for 30 min. The resulting solution was poured into water (220mL). The resulted precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with water and dried thoroughly in air then under vacuum to afford a yellow solid (1.65g, in 90% yield). Confirmed by LCMS (APCI): calcd for C ₁₈ H ₁₂ NO ₄ (M+H): 306.1; Found: 306. Compound FD-1.3 (1H,3H-isochromeno[6,5,4-mna]xanthene-1,3-dione): Compound FD-1.2 (1.5g, 4.9mmol), was dispersed in acetic acid (35mL) and cooled to 0 ºC. While being stirred, precooled hydrochloric acid (3mL, 37 mmol) was added, then sodium nitrite solution (3.29g, 46 mmol) in 12 mL water was added dropwise at 0 °C. The whole was stirred for one hour at 0 ºC, then was transferred into additional funnel, and dropped into a refluxed copper sulfate solution (5.08g, 20 mmol, in 50 mL water) over one hour period. After cooling to room temperature, the precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water and acetone, then dried in air, then in vacuum to give a yellow solid (0.92g, in 65% yield). Confirmed by LCMS (APCI): Calcd for C ₁₈ H ₈ O ₄ (M-): 288.0; Found: 288. Compound FD-4.1 (5,11-dibromo-1H,3H-isochromeno[6,5,4-mna]xanthene-1,3-dione ): A 2L 2N round bottom flask was charged with a stir bar and fitted with a long-finned condenser. To the flask was added Compound FD-3.1 (34.688 mmol, 10.00 g), followed by ortho- dichlorobenzene (1000 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature and Br ₂ (416.26 mmol, 21.3 mL) was added. The second neck was stoppered, and the reaction mixture was heated with an aluminum heat block at 75 °C open to air over the weekend. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and a solid was filtered off. The filtrate was diluted with hexanes (~20% of volume) and a second precipitate was filtered off. Both of these precipitates were dried in vacuo at 100 °C. Orangish solids, 10.866 g total (69.9% yield). Both had similar LCMS and NMR. MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C18H6Br2O4 (M+H) = 445; found: 445. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 9.47 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.76 (d, J = 14.2 Hz, 2H), 7.72 – 7.63 (m, 1H), 7.56 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (ddd, J = 8.5, 6.7, 1.9 Hz, 1H). Compound FD-4.2 (2-(4-(5,11-dibromo-1,3-dioxo-1H-xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquino lin-2(3H)- yl)phenyl)acetic acid): A 100 mL 2N round bottom flask was charged with a stir bar and fitted with a finned condenser/gas adapter and flow control. The system was flushed with argon. To the flask was added Compound FD-4.1 (7.000 mmol, 3.136 g), 2-(4-aminophenyl)acetic acid (14.00 mmol, 2.117 g), DMAP (2.100 mmol, 257 mg), and anhydrous DMF (65 mL). The reaction mixture was heated in an aluminum block set to 160 °C for 5 hours. The crude reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C and quenched with 6N HCl (~5 mL) and diluted with water (up to ~350 mL). The precipitate was filtered off, washing with water. The product was dried by suction and used without further purification in the next reactions. Assume 100% yield. MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C26H13Br2NO5 (M+H) = 578; found: 578. Compound FD-4.3 (2-(4-(5,11-bis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3-dioxo-1H -xantheno[2,1,9- def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetic acid): A 250 mL 2N round bottom flask was charged with a stir bar and fitted with a finned condenser/gas adapter and flow control. The system was flushed with argon. To the flask was added compound FD-4.2 (3.500 mmol, 2.034 g), (3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)boronic acid (14.00 mmol, 3.611), K2CO3 (19.25 mmol, 2.661 g), THF (60 mL), DMF (12 mL), and water (6 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred under argon at room temperature for a few minutes, then Pd(dppf)Cl2 (0.0245 mmol, 179 mg) was added. The headspace was flushed with argon for a minute, then the flow control was closed. The reaction mixture was stirred and heated in an aluminum heat block at 80 °C for three hours. The crude reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness in vacuo, taken up in DCM, and evaporated in vacuo onto ~35 g of flash silica gel. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (220g, equilibrate 0% EtOAc/DCM, eluting 0% (10 CV) ^ 15.3% EtOAc/DCM (15.3 CV) ^ 40% EtOAc/DCM (10 CV) ^ isocratic 40% EtOAc/DCM). EtOAc contains 0.1% v/v TFA. Gives a brownish-yellow solid, 1.710 g (57.6% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C42H19F12NO5 (M+H) = 846; found: 846. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 12.45 (s, 1H), 8.62 (s, 1H), 8.52 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 2H), 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 8.26 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 2H), 8.24 (s, 1H), 7.50 (ddd, J = 8.5, 7.2, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.46 – 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.37 – 7.27 (m, 2H), 7.14 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (ddd, J = 8.4, 7.2, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 3.69 (s, 2H). Compound FD-4.5 (diethyl 10-(4-(2-(4-(5,11-bis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3-di oxo-1H- xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetoxy)-2,6- dimethylphenyl)-5,5-difluoro-1,3,7,9- tetramethyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazab orinine-2,8-dicarboxylate): Compound FD-4.3 (0.113 mmol, 80 mg), compound FD-4.4 (diethyl 5,5-difluoro-10-(4- hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,7,9-tetramethyl-5H-4l4,5l4-d ipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'- f][1,3,2]diazaborinine-2,8-dicarboxylate) (0.0750 mmol, 38 mg), and DMAP.pTsOH salt (0.150 mmol, 44 mg) were placed in a 40 mL screw cap vial with a stir bar. To the vial was added dry DCM (10 mL) and the mixture was stirred to get a solution. To the vial was added DIC (0.263 mmol, 0.41 mL). The reaction was capped and stirred at room temperature overnight. The crude reaction mixture was diluted with hexanes and loaded onto ~20g of flash silica gel in a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (120g, equilibrate 0% EtOAc/hexanes, eluting 0% (2 CV) 50% EtOAc/hexanes (30 CV)). Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives an orange solid, 70 mg (78% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C65H46BF8N3O9 (M+H) = 1176; found: 1176. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.48 (s, 1H), 7.95 – 7.80 (m, 6H), 7.66 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 4H), 7.47 – 7.35 (m, 3H), 7.31 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (s, 2H), 6.96 (ddd, J = 8.4, 7.1, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H), 4.02 (s, 2H), 2.84 (s, 6H), 2.15 (s, 6H), 1.73 (s, 6H), 1.34 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 6H). Synthesis procedure for Compound FD-5 Compound FD-5.1 (4-formyl-3,5-dimethylphenyl 2-(4-(5,11-bis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3- dioxo-1H-xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acet ate): Compound FD-5.1 was synthesized from compound FD-4.3 (0.150 mmol, 127 mg), 4-hydroxy- 2,6-dimethylbenzaldehyde (0.450 mmol, 68 mg), DMAP.pTsOH salt (0.300 mmol, 88 mg), and EDC.HCl (0.525 mmol, 101 mg) in dry dichloromethane (20 mL) was stirred at RT overnight. The crude reaction mixture was loaded onto ~25g of flash silica gel in a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (80g, equilibrate 0% EtOAc/hexanes, eluting 0% (2 CV) 50% EtOAc/EtOAc (20 CV)). NMR shows about 40 mol% 4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzaldehyde. Use in next step as is. Gives a yellow solid, 120 mg (81% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C ₅₁ H ₂₇ F ₁₂ NO ₆ (M+H) = 978; found: 978. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 10.55 (s, 1H), 8.76 (s, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 8.27 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 2H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 8.03 (t, J = 2.3 Hz, 3H), 7.65 – 7.57 (m, 2H), 7.49 (ddd, J = 8.6, 6.1, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.41 – 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.31 – 7.23 (m, 1H), 7.05 – 6.95 (m, 2H), 6.92 (s, 2H), 4.01 (s, 2H), 2.62 (s, 6H). Compound FD-5 (diethyl 10-(4-(2-(4-(5,11-bis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3-di oxo-1H- xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetoxy)-2,6- dimethylphenyl)-5,5-difluoro-3,7- dimethyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazabori nine-2,8-dicarboxylate): A 100 mL 2N round bottom flask was charged with a stir bar and fitted with a finned condenser/gas adapter and flow control and placed in an aluminum heat block. The system was flushed with argon. To the flask was added compound FD-5.1 (0.289 mmol, 120 mg), ethyl 2-methyl- 1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (0.578 mmol, 87 mg), and anhydrous DCE (20 mL). The system was stirred at room temperature and the head space flushed with argon for 30 seconds, then pTsOH.H2O (0.0868 mmol, 16 mg) was added. The head space was flushed for another 30 seconds, then the system closed and stirred under argon. The reaction mixture was heated at 50 °C and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and DDQ (0.492 mmol, 111 mg) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, then Et ₃ N (2.313 mmol, 0.32 mL), and BF ₃ .OEt ₂ (3.468 mmol, 0.43 mL) were added. In 1minute, repeated the addition of Et ₃ N (2.313 mmol, 0.32 mL), and BF ₃ .OEt ₂ (3.468 mmol, 0.43 mL). The reaction was heated to 50 °C and stirred for one hour. The crude reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure to remove most of the DCE, then loaded onto ~25g of flash silica gel in a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (120g, equilibrate 0% EtOAc/toluene, eluting 0% (2 CV) ^ 10% EtOAc/toluene (60 CV)). Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives an orange solid, 106 mg (66% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C ₆₇ H ₄₄ BF ₁₄ N ₃ O ₉ (M+H) = 1312; found: 1312. NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 8.77 (s, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 8.29 – 8.25 (m, 2H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 8.03 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 3H), 7.70 – 7.61 (m, 2H), 7.49 (ddd, J = 8.5, 5.9, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.43 – 7.36 (m, 2H), 7.32 – 7.24 (m, 1H), 7.08 (s, 2H), 7.05 – 6.95 (m, 4H), 4.26 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H), 4.04 (s, 2H), 2.93 (s, 6H), 2.17 (s, 6H), 1.32 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 6H). Synthesis Procedure of Compound FD-6

Compound ethyl 2-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate: Combined aminoacetone hydrochloride (60.00 mmol, 6576 mg), ethyl 3-cyclohexyl-3- oxopropanoate (50.00 mmol, 9915 mg), and NaOAc (500.0 mmol, 41.015 g) in water (100 mL) and 200 proof ethanol (50 mL) and heated to 80 ° C overnight. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water (100 mL) and DCM (150 mL). The layers were separated, the aqueous layer was extracted 2X 100 mL DCM, the combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The crude product was dissolved in DCM and loaded onto ~50g of flash silica gel packed in a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (120g, 0% (2 CV) ^ 20% (20 CV)). Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives a viscous oil, 3720 mg (32% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C ₁₄ H ₂₁ NO ₂ (M+H) = 236; found: 236.1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 8.07 (s, 1H), 6.40 (dd, J = 2.3, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (tt, J = 12.0, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 2.24 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 3H), 2.04 – 1.92 (m, 2H), 1.83 (dt, J = 13.0, 3.3 Hz, 2H), 1.80 – 1.71 (m, 1H), 1.51 – 1.13 (m, 8H). Compound 4-formyl-3,5-dimethylphenyl 2-(4-(1,3-dioxo-5,11-bis(4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2 (3H)-yl)phenyl)acetate: 4-Hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzaldehyde (3.000 mmol, 451 mg), 2-(4-(1,3-dioxo-5,11-bis(4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2 (3H)-yl)phenyl)acetic acid (3.600 mmol, 2555 mg), pTsOH.DMAP salt (0.3000 mmol, 88 mg), and EDC.HCl (6.000 mmol, 1150 mg) were stirred in dry DCM (100 mL) in a stoppered flask for 60 minutes. The crude reaction mixture was loaded onto ~50g of flash silica gel packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (220g, 0% 10% (5 CV), stop at 1.4% and elute isocratic. Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives a yellow solid, 2287 mg (91% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C49H29F6NO6 (M+H) = 842; found: 842.1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 10.55 (s, 1H), 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.48 (s, 1H), 7.97 – 7.80 (m, 6H), 7.67 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.65 – 7.55 (m, 2H), 7.50 – 7.35 (m, 3H), 7.31 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.02 – 6.87 (m, 3H), 4.01 (s, 2H), 2.63 (s, 6H). Compound diethyl 3,7-dicyclohexyl-10-(4-(2-(4-(1,3-dioxo-5,11-bis(4-(trifluor omethyl)phenyl)-1H- xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetoxy)-2,6- dimethylphenyl)-5,5-difluoro-1,9- dimethyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazabori nine-2,8-dicarboxylate: Ethyl 2-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (1.557 mmol, 1311 mg), 4-formyl-3,5- dimethylphenyl 2-(4-(1,3-dioxo-5,11-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-xanth eno[2,1,9- def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetate (3.271 mmol, 770 mg), and pTsOH.H ₂ O (0.3115 mmol, 59 mg) were combined in dry DCE (50 mL) and stirred under argon at 40 °C for 60 minutes. The heat was turned off and DDQ (3.114 mmol, 707 mg) was added once the reaction returned to room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes, then Et ₃ N (12.46 mmol, 1.7 mL), and BF ₃ .OEt ₂ (18.69 mmol, 2.3 mL) were added to the reaction. The addition of Et ₃ N (12.46 mmol, 1.7 mL), and BF ₃ .OEt ₂ (18.69 mmol, 2.3 mL) was repeated and the reaction mixture stirred at 60 ° C for four hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, then 10 mL of water was added and the reaction stirred for 5 minutes. The reaction mixture was filtered through a polypropylene frit to retain water, eluting with DCM. The eluent was directed onto a 15g flash silica gel plug, eluting with DCM, then 33% acetone/DCM. The eluent from the plug was evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The crude mixture was dissolved in DCM and loaded onto ~45g of flash silica gel packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (120g, 0% acetone/hexane (2 CV) ^ stopping at 4.8%, then 5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5%, 7.5%, 8.0%, 9.0%, 10.0%, 10.5%, 11.0%, 11.5%, and 12.0%, eluting isocratic at each step. Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. This material was triturated with MeOH, filtered off, washed with MeOH, then dissolved in DCM and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives an orange solid, 1867 mg (90% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C ₇₇ H ₆₆ BF ₈ N ₃ O ₉ (M+H) = 1340; found: 1340.1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.48 (s, 1H), 7.91 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.89 – 7.80 (m, 4H), 7.48 – 7.36 (m, 3H), 7.31 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (s, 2H), 6.96 (ddd, J = 8.4, 7.1, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 4.31 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H), 4.01 (s, 2H), 3.69 – 3.40 (m, 2H), 1.96 – 1.81 (m, 11H), 1.81 – 1.62 (m, 4H), 1.52 (s, 9H), 1.37 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 6H), 1.29 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 2H). Compound FD-6 (diethyl 5,5-dicyano-3,7-dicyclohexyl-10-(4-(2-(4-(1,3-dioxo-5,11-bis (4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2 (3H)-yl)phenyl)acetoxy)-2,6- dimethylphenyl)-1,9-dimethyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1 '-f][1,3,2]diazaborinine-2,8- dicarboxylate): Diethyl 3,7-dicyclohexyl-10-(4-(2-(4-(1,3-dioxo-5,11-bis(4-(trifluor omethyl)phenyl)-1H- xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetoxy)-2,6- dimethylphenyl)-5,5-difluoro-1,9- dimethyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazabori nine-2,8-dicarboxylate (0.2500 mmol, 334 mg), TMSCN (5.000 mmol, 0.626 mL), and BF ₃ .OEt ₂ were stirred in dry DCE (10 mL) under argon, starting at room temperature (5 minutes), then heating to 45 ° C for 60 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into ~30 mL of sat. NaHCO3 solution and stirred for 3 minutes. The mixture was filtered through a polypropylene frit to retain water, eluting with DCM. The combined filtrate was evaporated to dryness in vacuo, dissolved in DCM, and loaded onto ~15g of flash silica gel packed in a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (80g, 0% EtOAc/DCM 20% (5 CV), stopping at 10.6%, 11.0%, 12.2%, 13.5%, and 14.2%, eluting isocratic each step. Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo, triturated with hot MeOH, cooled to room temperature, filtered off, washing MeOH. Dissolved in DCM and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives an orange solid, 3706 mg (110% yield). Over theory probably due to weight error in SM. MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C79H66BF6N5O9 (M+H) = 1354; found: 1354.1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.48 (s, 1H), 7.96 – 7.81 (m, 6H), 7.73 – 7.61 (m, 4H), 7.48 – 7.36 (m, 3H), 7.31 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (s, 2H), 6.96 (ddd, J = 8.4, 7.1, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H), 4.01 (s, 2H), 3.64 – 3.41 (m, 2H), 2.16 (s, 7H), 2.15 – 1.76 (m, 15H), 1.57 (s, 9H), 1.43 – 1.30 (m, 8H). Synthesis Procedure of Compound FD-7

Compound (methyl 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate): Methyl 4-methyl-3-oxopentanoate (100.0 mmol, 14.2 mL), aminoacetone hydrochloride (150.0 mmol, and 16.440 g), NaOAc (200.0 mmol, 16.406 g) were stirred in acetic acid (100 mL) and water (100 mL) at 100 ° C over the weekend under argon. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and most of the solvents were evaporated in vacuo. The mixture was partitioned between DCM (200 mL) and water (50 mL). The remainder of acetic acid was carefully quenched with 10% K ₂ CO ₃ solution. The layers were separated, the aqueous layer was extracted 2 X 50 mL DCM, the combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The crude material was dissolved in a small amount of DCM and loaded onto ~50g of flash silica gel packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (120g, 0% EtOAc/hexanes (2 15% (15 CV)). Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives a light yellow oil, 7.985 g (44% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C10H15NO2 (M+H) = 182; found: 182.1H NMR (400 MHz, acetic acid-d ₆ ) δ 9.96 (s, 1H), 6.40 (dq, J = 2.3, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (dq, J = 14.1, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 2.16 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 3H), 1.23 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H). Compound (2-isopropyl-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid) : The compound of the previous step (25.00 mmol, 4531 mg) and KOH (125.0 mmol, 7041 mg) were stirred in 200 pf ethanol (50 mL) and water (15 mL) at 90 ° C under argon overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and most of the ethanol evaporated in vacuo. The mixture was acidified to pH ~1 with 6N HCl with cooling in an ice bath (0 ° C). The crude reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (1 X 10 mL, 2 X 25 mL). The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to dryness. Gives 1980 mg of a waxy solid (47% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C ₉ H ₁₃ NO ₂ (M+H) = 168; found: 168.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 11.44 (s, 1H), 10.68 (s, 1H), 6.38 (dd, J = 2.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (p, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 2.11 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 3H), 1.18 – 1.15 (m, 6H). Compound (3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propyl 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3- carboxylate): The compound of the previous step (5.909 mmol, 989 mg), pentaerythritol (59.09 mmol, 8045 mg), DMAP.pTsOH salt (5.909 mmol, 1739 mg), and EDC.HCl (17.73 mmol, 3398 mg) were stirred in dry DMF (100 mL) at 100 ° C under argon for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and the volatiles evaporated in vacuo. The crude product was dissolved in MeOH and evaporated onto 50g of flash silica gel in vacuo, then packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (220g, 0% MeOH/DCM (2 CV) ^ 40% (10 CV)). Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives an off-white solid, 926 mg (55% yield). Product has ~5% of pentaerythritol, used in next step without further purification. MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C14H23NO5 (M+H) = 286; found: 286. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.20 (s, 3H), 6.53 (s, 2H), 3.82 (p, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 3.70 (p, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 1.16 (dd, J = 6.8, 1.4 Hz, 9H). Compound (2-(((3,5-di-tert-butylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)-2-(((2-isopropyl- 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3,5-di-tert-butylbenzoate)): The compound of the prior step (3.245 mmol, 926 mg), 3,5-di-tert-butylbenzoic acid (16.23 mmol, 3802 mg), DMAP.pTsOH salt (19.73 mmol, 2866 mg), and EDC.HCl (25.96 mmol, 4977 mg) were stirred in dry DMC (50 mL) under argon at 100 ° C for four hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and the DMF was evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The crude mixture was dissolved in acetone and evaporated onto 45g of flash silica gel in vacuo, then packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (120g, 0% acetone/DCM (2 CV) ^ 5% (20 CV), stop at 0.9% and elute isocratic. Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives an off-white solid, 872 mg (29% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C59H83NO8 (M+H) = 934; found: 934.1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 6H), 7.62 (t, J = 1.9 Hz, 3H), 6.41 (dd, J = 2.3, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (s, 6H), 4.59 (s, 2H), 3.73 (hept, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.28 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 3H), 1.31 (s, 54H), 1.22 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H). Compound (2-(((3,5-di-tert-butylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)-2-(((2-isopropyl- 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3- carbonyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3,5-di-tert-butylbenzoate)): The compound of the previous step (0.6229 mmol, 582 mg), aryl aldehyde compound (0.3115 mmol, 262 mg), and pTsOH.H2O (0.06229 mmol, 12 mg) were stirred in dry DCE (25 mL) at 75 ° C under argon for 8 hours, then at room temperature over a long weekend. To the reaction mixture was added DDQ (0.6229 mmol, 141 mg) and stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes. Et3N (2.492 mmol, 0.35 mL), and BF3.OEt2 (3.738 mmol, 0.46 mL) were added to the reaction. The addition of Et3N (2.492 mmol, 0.35 mL), and BF ₃ .OEt ₂ (3.738 mmol, 0.46 mL) was repeated and the reaction mixture heated at 75 ° C for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then quenched with 10 mL of water. The slurry was stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes, then filtered through a polypropylene frit to retain water. The frit was eluted with DCM. The eluent was directed onto a 15g flash silica plug, eluting with DCM, then eluting with 33% acetone/DCM. The solvents were evaporated to dryness in vacuo, dissolved in a small amount of DCM and loaded onto 15g of flash silica gel packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (80g, 0 % acetone/hexane (2 CV) ^ 20% (5 CV), stopping at 9.1% and eluting isocratic. Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. This material was triturated with hot methanol, cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed with methanol, dissolved in DCM, then evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives an orange solid, 335 mg (39% yield).1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 8.70 (s, 1H), 8.48 (s, 1H), 7.91 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.88 – 7.79 (m, 16H), 7.67 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.65 – 7.57 (m, 8H), 7.43 (td, J = 7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (s, 2H), 7.00 – 6.91 (m, 1H), 4.65 (s, 4H), 4.56 (s, 12H), 4.00 (s, 2H), 3.80 (q, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 2.15 (s, 6H), 1.57 (s, 6H), 1.34 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 12H), 1.30 (s, 108H). Compound FD-7: The compound from the previous step (0.05000 mmol, 137 mg), TMSCN (1.000 mmol, 0.125 mL), and BF ₃ .OEt ₂ (0.009 mL) were stirred in dry DCE (10 mL) at room temperature for a few minutes, then heated to 45 ° C under argon. The reaction was stirred for one hour, then additional TMSCN (1.000 mmol, 0.125 mL) and BF ₃ .OEt ₂ (0.009 mL) were added and stirring continued at 45 ° C for another hour, then at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into 30 mL of sat. NaHCO ₃ solution and stirred for a few minutes. Filtered through a polypropylene frit to retain water, eluting with DCM until no BODIPY elutes. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness in vacuo, dissolved in a small amount of DCM, and loaded onto 15g of flash silica gel packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (80g, 0% acetone/hexane (2 CV) ^ 15% (5 CV), stopping at 10.1% (2 peaks elute) 12.5% (one peak elutes), isocratic each step). Each peak was evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The second peak was identified as product. This compound was triturated with hot MeOH, cooled to room temperature, filtered off, washing MeOH, dissolved in DCM, and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives an orange solid, 57 mg (41% yield).1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 8.70 (s, 1H), 8.47 (s, 1H), 7.96 – 7.76 (m, 18H), 7.67 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.61 (t, J = 1.9 Hz, 8H), 7.43 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.34 – 7.28 (m, 1H), 7.10 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 3H), 6.96 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.69 (s, 4H), 4.56 (s, 12H), 4.00 (s, 2H), 3.83 (p, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.16 (s, 6H), 1.62 (s, 6H), 1.48 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 13H), 1.30 (s, 108H). S Compound (dimethyl 10-(4-(2-(4-(1,3-dioxo-5,11-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1 H- xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetoxy)-2,6- dimethylphenyl)-5,5-difluoro-3,7- diisopropyl-1,9-dimethyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f] [1,3,2]diazaborinine-2,8-dicarboxylate): Compound 1714-58 (1.000 mmol, 842 mg), Compound 1725-25 (2.100 mmol, 190 mg), and pTsOH.H2O (0.1000 mmol, 19 mg) were stirred in dry DCE (50 mL) under argon at 50 ° C for 180 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and DDQ (3.000 mmol, 681 mg) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 minutes. Et3N (8.000 mmol, 1.1 mL), and BF3.OEt2 (12.00 mmol, 1.5 mL) were added to the reaction. The addition of Et3N (8.000 mmol, 1.1 mL), and BF3.OEt2 (12.00 mmol, 1.5 mL) was repeated and the reaction stirred at 65 ° C for 120 mg, then at room temperature over the weekend. The mixture was quenched with 10 mL of water, stirred for 5 minutes, then filtered through a polypropylene frit to retain water. The frit was eluted with DCM. The eluent was directed onto a 15g flash silica plug, eluting with DCM, then eluting with 33% acetone/DCM. The solvents were evaporated to dryness in vacuo, dissolved in a small amount of DCM and loaded onto 15g of flash silica gel packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (120g, 0% acetone/hexane (2 CV) ^ 20% (5 CV), stop at 11.1%, 11.6%, 12.0%, 12.6%, and 13.2%, isocratic at each step. Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The product was triturated with hot MeOH, cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed with methanol, dissolved in DCM, and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives an orange solid, 938 mg (76% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C ₆₉ H ₅₄ BF ₈ N ₃ O ₉ (M+H) = 1232; found: 1232.1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.48 (s, 1H), 7.91 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.89 – 7.81 (m, 4H), 7.71 – 7.61 (m, 4H), 7.47 – 7.36 (m, 3H), 7.31 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (s, 2H), 6.96 (ddd, J = 8.4, 7.1, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 4.02 (s, 2H), 3.94 – 3.70 (m, 8H), 2.16 (s, 6H), 1.56 (s, 6H), 1.42 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 12H). Compound FD-8 (dimethyl 5,5-dicyano-10-(4-(2-(4-(1,3-dioxo-5,11-bis(4-(trifluorometh yl)phenyl)- 1H-xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetoxy)-2 ,6-dimethylphenyl)-3,7-diisopropyl- 1,9-dimethyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diaza borinine-2,8-dicarboxylate): (Dimethyl 10-(4-(2-(4-(1,3-dioxo-5,11-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1 H-xantheno[2,1,9- def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl) -5,5-difluoro-3,7-diisopropyl-1,9- dimethyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazabori nine-2,8-dicarboxylate, 0.1500 mmol, 185 mg), TMSCN (3.000 mmol, 0.375 mmol), and BF ₃ .OEt ₂ (0.2250 mmol, 0.028 mL) were stirred in dry DCE (10 mL) under argon at 50 ° C for one hour. The crude mixture was poured into 30 mL of sat. NaHCO ₃ and stirred for a few minutes, then filtered through a polypropylene frit to retain water. The frit was eluted with DCM. The organic eluent was evaporated to dryness in vacuo, dissolved in a small amount of DCM and loaded onto 15g of flash silica gel packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (80g, 0% acetone/hexane (2 20% (5 CV), stop at 14.8%, 15.1%, and 15.6%, eluting isocratic at each step. Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The product was triturated with hot MeOH, cooled to room temperature, filtered off, washed with MeOH, dissolved in DCM, and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives an orange solid, 135 mg (73% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C71H54BF6N5O9 (M+H) = 1246; found: 1246.1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.48 (s, 1H), 7.91 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.89 – 7.82 (m, 4H), 7.67 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.48 – 7.37 (m, 3H), 7.31 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (s, 2H), 7.01 – 6.90 (m, 1H), 4.02 (s, 2H), 3.86 (s, 7H), 2.16 (s, 6H), 1.60 (s, 6H), 1.55 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 12H). Synthesis Procedure of Compound FD-9

Compound FD-9 (diethyl 5,5-dicyano-1,3,7,9-tetramethyl-10-(3,3'',5,5''-tetra-tert-b utyl-5'-(2-(4- (1,3-dioxo-5,11-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-xantheno[2 ,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2(3H)- yl)phenyl)acetoxy)-[1,1':3',1''-terphenyl]-2'-yl)-5H-4l4,5l4 -dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'- f][1,3,2]diazaborinine-2,8-dicarboxylate): Difluoroborinine compound (0.07936 mmol, 134 mg), TMSCN (2.000 mmol, 0.250 mmol), and BF ₃ .OEt ₂ (0.1500 mmol, 0.019 mL) were stirred in dry DCE (10 mL) under argon at 45 ° C for 240 minutes. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and poured into 30 mL of sat. NaHCO ₃ solution and stirred for 5 minutes, then filtered through a polypropylene frit to retain water. The frit was eluted with DCM. The organic eluent was evaporated to dryness in vacuo, dissolved in a small amount of DCM and loaded onto 15g of flash silica gel packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (80g, 0% acetone/hexane (2 CV) ^ 20% (5 CV), stop at 7.6%, 7.9%, 8.1%, and 8.4%, isocratic at each step. Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The product was triturated with hot MeOH, cooled to room temperature, filtered, washing with MeOH, dissolved in DCM, and evaporated to dryness. Gives an orange solid, 121 mg (90% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C95H86BF6N5O9 (M+H) = 1567; found: 1567.1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 8.27 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 2H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 8.06 – 7.96 (m, 3H), 7.72 – 7.61 (m, 2H), 7.49 (ddd, J = 8.5, 6.1, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.43 – 7.36 (m, 4H), 7.31 – 7.26 (m, 1H), 7.25 (t, J = 1.8 Hz, 2H), 7.04 – 6.95 (m, 2H), 6.89 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 4H), 4.31 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H), 4.09 (s, 2H), 2.81 (s, 6H), 2.10 (s, 6H), 1.34 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 6H), 1.13 (s, 36H). Synthesis Procedure of Compound FD-10

Compound 1733-21 (4-formyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 2-(4-(5,11-bis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- 1,3-dioxo-1H-xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl) acetate): 2-(4-(5,11-bis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3-dioxo-1H- xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin- 2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetic acid (2.750 mmol, 2325 mg), 4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (2.500 mmol, 455 mg), DMAP.pTsOH salt (0.2500 mmol, 74 mg), and EDC.HCl (5.000 mmol, 986 mg) were stirred in dry DCE (30 mL) in a vial for 60 minutes at room temperature. The crude reaction mixture was loaded onto ~45g of flash silica gel packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (120g, 0% EtOAc/DCM (2 CV) ^ 30% (10 CV)). Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives a yellow solid, 2061 mg (82% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C51H27F12NO8 (M+H) = 1010; found: 1010.1H NMR (400 MHz, Acetone) δ 10.38 (s, 1H), 8.76 (s, 1H), 8.60 – 8.56 (m, 2H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 8.33 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 2H), 8.24 (s, 1H), 8.22 – 8.18 (m, 1H), 7.60 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.54 (ddd, J = 8.5, 7.2, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.48 – 7.40 (m, 2H), 7.28 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (ddd, J = 8.3, 7.1, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 6.61 (s, 2H), 4.09 (s, 2H), 3.87 (s, 6H). Compound FD-10 (dimethyl 10-(4-(2-(4-(1,3-dioxo-5,11-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1 H- xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetoxy)-2,6- dimethoxyphenyl)-5,5-difluoro-3,7- diisopropyl-1,9-dimethyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f] [1,3,2]diazaborinine-2,8-dicarboxylate): The compound of the previous step (0.400 mmol, 404 mg), the pyrrole compound (0.8000 mmol, 145 mg), and pTsOH.H ₂ O (0.0800 mmol) were stirred in dry DCE (25 mL) at room temperature under argon for 30 minutes, then DDQ was added (0.8000 mmol, 182 mg) and stirred for 5 minutes. Et ₃ N (3.200 mmol, 0.45 mL), and BF ₃ .OEt ₂ (4.800 mmol, 0.59 mL) were added to the reaction. The addition of Et ₃ N (3.200 mmol, 0.45 mL), and BF ₃ .OEt ₂ (4.800 mmol, 0.59 mL) was repeated and the reaction stirred at 65 ° C for 8 hours, then stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched with 5 mL of water and stirred for a few minutes, then filtered through a polypropylene frit to retain water. The frit was eluted with DCM. The eluent was directed onto a 15g flash silica plug, eluting with DCM, then eluting with 33% acetone/DCM. The solvents were evaporated to dryness in vacuo, dissolved in a small amount of DCM and loaded onto 15g of flash silica gel packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (120g, 0% EtOAc/DCM (2 CV) ^ 20% (5 CV), stop at 4.0% eluting isocratic. Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The product was triturated with hot MeOH, cooled to room temperature, filtered off, washing with MeOH, dissolved in DCM, and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives an orange solid, 447 mg (80% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C69H54BF8N3O11 (M+H) = 1264; found: 1264.1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 8.67 (s, 1H), 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.18 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.94 (t, J = 2.3 Hz, 3H), 7.63 – 7.52 (m, 2H), 7.40 (ddd, J = 8.5, 6.3, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.36 – 7.24 (m, 2H), 7.22 – 7.15 (m, 1H), 7.00 – 6.80 (m, 2H), 6.46 (s, 2H), 3.96 (s, 2H), 3.74 (s, 8H), 3.68 (s, 6H), 1.31 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 12H). Synthesis Procedure of Compound FD-11 Compound (ethyl 2-ethyl-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate): Ethyl 3-oxopentanoate (100.0 mmol, 14.2 mL), aminoacetone hydrochloride (150.0 mmol, and 16.440 g), NaOAc (200.0 mmol, 16.406 g) were stirred in acetic acid (100 mL) and water (100 mL) at 100 ° C over the weekend under argon. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and most of the solvents were evaporated in vacuo. The mixture was partitioned between DCM (200 mL) and water (50 mL). The remainder of acetic acid was carefully quenched with 10% K2CO3 solution. The layers were separated, the aqueous layer was extracted 2 X 50 mL DCM, the combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The crude material was dissolved in a small amount of DCM and loaded onto ~50g of flash silica gel packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (120g, 0% EtOAc/hexanes (2 CV) ^ 15% (15 CV)). Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives a light yellow oil, 7.985 g (44% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C ₁₀ H ₁₅ NO ₂ (M+H) = 182; found: 182. Compound (diethyl 10-(5'-(2-(4-(1,3-dioxo-5,11-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- 1H-xantheno[2,1,9- def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetoxy)-[1,1':3',1''-terphe nyl]-2'-yl)-5,5-difluoro-1,3,7,9- tetramethyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazab orinine-2,8-dicarboxylate): The aldehyde compound (0.3000 mmol, 290 mg), the pyrrole compound of the previous step (0.6300 mmol, 114 mg), and pTsOH.H2O (0.06000 mmol, 11 mg) were stirred in dry DCE (20 mL) at 40 °C under argon for 60 minutes. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and DDQ (0.4500 mmol, 102 mg) was added and stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. Et3N (2.400 mmol, 0.33 mL), and BF ₃ .OEt ₂ (3.600 mmol, 0.44 mL) were added to the reaction. The addition of Et ₃ N (2.400 mmol, 0.33 mL), and BF ₃ .OEt ₂ (3.600 mmol, 0.44 mL) was repeated and the reaction stirred at 50 ° C for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and quenched with 5 mL water and stirred for a few minutes, then filtered through a polypropylene frit to retain water. The frit was eluted with DCM. The eluent was directed onto a 15g flash silica plug, eluting with DCM, then eluting with 33% acetone/DCM. The solvents were evaporated to dryness in vacuo, dissolved in a small amount of DCM and loaded onto 15g of flash silica gel packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (80g, 0% acetone/hexane (2 CV) ^ 50% (5 CV) , stop at 12.0%, 13.0%, 13.6%, 14.0%, 14.5%, 15.1%, 15.5%, 16.0%, and 17.0%, isocratic at each step. Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The product was triturated with hot MeOH, cooled to room temperature, filtered off, washing with MeOH, dissolved in DCM, and evaporated to dryness. Gives an orange solid, 205 mg (50% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C ₇₇ H ₅₄ BF ₈ N ₃ O ₉ (M+H) = 1328; found: 1328. 1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.48 (s, 1H), 7.94 – 7.82 (m, 5H), 7.67 (dd, J = 8.3, 3.6 Hz, 3H), 7.46 – 7.37 (m, 5H), 7.31 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (dt, J = 5.3, 3.0 Hz, 5H), 7.20 – 7.14 (m, 4H), 7.10 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (ddd, J = 8.4, 7.2, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 4.27 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H), 4.08 (s, 2H), 3.11 (q, J = 7.3 Hz, 4H), 1.97 (s, 6H), 1.34 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 6H), 1.20 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 6H). Compound FD-11 (diethyl 5,5-dicyano-10-(5'-(2-(4-(1,3-dioxo-5,11-bis(4-(trifluoromet hyl)phenyl)- 1H-xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetoxy)-[ 1,1':3',1''-terphenyl]-2'-yl)-1,3,7,9- tetramethyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazab orinine-2,8-dicarboxylate): The compound of the previous step (0.07500 mmol, 102 mg), TMSCN (0.7500 mmol, 0.094 mL), and BF3.OEt2 (0.1125 mmol, 0.014 mL) were stirred in dry DCE (10 mL) at RT under argon for 5 minutes. The temperature was increased to 45 ° C for 120 minutes, then at room temperature overnight. The crude reaction mixture was poured into 30 mL of sat. NaHCO3 solution and stirred for 5 minutes, then filtered through a polypropylene frit to retain water. The frit was eluted with DCM. The organic eluent was evaporated to dryness in vacuo, dissolved in a small amount of DCM and loaded onto 15g of flash silica gel packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (80g, 0% acetone/hexane (2 CV) ^ 10% (5 CV), stop at 1.0%, then to 1.3%, isocratic at each step. Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The product was triturated with hot MeOH, cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed with MeOH, dissolved in DCM, and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives an orange solid, 64 mg (62% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C ₈₁ H ₅₈ BF ₆ N ₅ O ₉ (M+H) = 1370; found: 1370.1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 8.70 (s, 1H), 8.47 (s, 1H), 7.91 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.89 – 7.81 (m, 4H), 7.70 – 7.63 (m, 4H), 7.47 – 7.36 (m, 5H), 7.31 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (p, J = 3.7 Hz, 6H), 7.18 – 7.12 (m, 4H), 7.09 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (ddd, J = 8.4, 7.2, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 4.30 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H), 4.08 (s, 2H), 3.26 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 4H), 1.99 (s, 6H), 1.36 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 6H), 1.31 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 6H). Synthesis Procedure of Compound FD-12 Compound FD-12 (dimethyl 10-(4-(2-(4-(5,11-bis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3-di oxo-1H- xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetoxy)-2,6- dimethoxyphenyl)-5,5-dicyano-3,7- diisopropyl-1,9-dimethyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f] [1,3,2]diazaborinine-2,8-dicarboxylate): The difluoroborinine compound (0.1500 mmol, 210 mg), TMSCN (1.500 mmol, 0.19 mL), and BF3.OEt2 (0.2250 mmol, 0.028 mL) were stirred in dry DCE (10 mL) under argon at room temperature for a few minutes, then heated to 45 ° C for 60 minutes, then room temperature overnight. The crude reaction mixture was poured into 30 mL of sat. NaHCO3 solution and stirred for 5 minutes, then filtered through a polypropylene frit to retain water. The frit was eluted with DCM. The organic eluent was evaporated to dryness in vacuo, dissolved in a small amount of DCM and loaded onto 15g of flash silica gel packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (80g, 0% acetone/DCM (2 CV) ^ 5% (5 CV), stop at 1.1%, 1.4%, 1.6%, 1.8%, 2.2%, 2.4%, isocratic at each step. Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The product was triturated with hot MeOH, cooled to room temperature, filtered off, washed with MeOH, dissolved in DCM, and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives an orange solid, 157 mg (74% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C ₇₃ H ₅₂ BF ₁₂ N ₅ O ₁₁ (M+H) = 1414; found: 1414.1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 8.76 (s, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 8.27 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 2H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 8.06 – 8.00 (m, 3H), 7.69 – 7.62 (m, 2H), 7.49 (ddd, J = 8.6, 6.3, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.44 – 7.36 (m, 2H), 7.32 – 7.25 (m, 1H), 7.00 (dd, J = 6.6, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 6.55 (s, 2H), 3.91 – 3.80 (m, 8H), 3.78 (s, 6H), 1.74 (s, 6H), 1.53 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 12H). Synthesis Procedure of FD-13

Compound (4-formyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 2-(4-(1,3-dioxo-5,11-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H- xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetate): 4-Hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (456 mg, 2.500 mmol), 2-(4-(1,3-dioxo-5,11-bis(4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2 (3H)-yl)phenyl)acetic acid (2129 mg, 3.000 mmol), DMAP.pTsOH salt (74 mg, 0.2500 mmol), and DIC (0.783 mL, 5.000 mmol) were stirred in dry DCM (30 mL) at room temperature for 30 minutes. The crude reaction mixture was loaded onto ~50g of flash silica gel packed in a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (120g, 0% EtOAc/DCM (2 CV) ^ 15% (20 CV)). Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives a yellow solid, 1956 mg (90% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C49H29F6NO8 (M+H) = 874; found: 874.1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 10.39 (s, 1H), 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.48 (s, 1H), 7.95 – 7.82 (m, 6H), 7.71 – 7.59 (m, 4H), 7.47 – 7.37 (m, 3H), 7.31 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (ddd, J = 8.4, 7.2, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.44 (s, 2H), 4.04 (s, 2H), 3.90 (s, 6H). Compound FD-13 (diethyl 10-(4-(2-(4-(1,3-dioxo-5,11-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1 H- xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetoxy)-2,6- dimethoxyphenyl)-5,5-difluoro- 1,3,7,9-tetramethyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3, 2]diazaborinine-2,8-dicarboxylate): The compound of the previous step (1950 mg, 2.232 mmol), ), ethyl 2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole- 3-carboxylate (933 mg, 5.579 mmol), and pTsOH.H ₂ O (43 mg, 0.2232 mmol) were stirred in dry DCE (100 mL) under argon for one hour at room temperature. The reaction mixture was treated with DDQ (912 mg, 4.017 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction was then treated with Et3N (2.5 mL, 17.85 mmol), and BF3.OEt2 (3.31 mL, 26.78 mmol). The addition of Et3N (2.5 mL, 17.85 mmol), and BF3.OEt2 (3.31 mL, 26.78 mmol) was repeated and the reaction mixture was stirred for one hour at 50 ° C. The crude reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and evaporated onto ~55g of flash silica gel in vacuo. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (120g, 100% tol/hexanes, EtOAc modifier, 2% ^ 4% step gradients). Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives an orange solid, 2080 mg (75% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C ₆₇ H ₅₀ BF ₈ N ₃ O ₁₁ (M+H) = 1236; found: 1236.1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 8.62 (s, 1H), 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.87 – 7.72 (m, 6H), 7.58 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.3 Hz, 4H), 7.40 – 7.29 (m, 3H), 7.22 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (ddd, J = 8.4, 7.1, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 4.20 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H), 3.96 (s, 2H), 3.67 (s, 6H), 2.73 (s, 6H), 1.80 (s, 6H), 1.26 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 6H). Synthesis Procedures of Second Photoluminescent Dyes Synthesis Procedure of Compound SD-1 Compound SD-1.1 (2-(4-bromophenyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrole): Synthesized according to literature procedure: Synlett, 2016, 27(11), 1738-1742. Compound SD-1.2: A mixture of SD-1.1 (2-(4-bromophenyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrole) (1.0g, 3.36 mmol), 2,4,6- trimethylbenzaldehyde (0.249 g, 1.68 mmol) and tosylic acid (50mg) in 1,2-dichloroethane (80 mL) was heated at 50 ºC for 24 hrs. LCMS analysis shows that the main peak is desired product with m/e ⁺ = 727.To the mixture, DDQ (454 mg, 2 mmol) was added, and stirred for one hour at room temperature. LCMS analysis shows that the reaction completed with one main peak of m/e- = 724. To the mixture, triethylamine (0.85 mL, 6 mmol), BF3-diethyl ether (1.1 mL, 9mmol) were added at 0 °C. The whole was heated at 50 ºC for one hour. Another potion of triethylamine (0.5 mL) and BF3-diethyl ether (0.5 mL) were added, and the mixture was heated at 50 ºC for additional one hour. LCMS shows that the reaction completed with main peak of m/e- = 772. The mixture was diluted with 50 mL DCM, then washed with water twice, brine once, then concentrated to 100 mL and loaded onto silica gel, purified by flash chromatography using eluents of hexanes/DCM (40% to 100% DCM). The main desired peak was collected, after removal of solvent under reduced pressure, desired product was obtained as a purple solid (1.06g, in 81.6% yield). Confirmed by LCMS (APCI): calculated for C ₄₂ H ₃₁ BBr ₂ F ₂ N ₂ (M-): 770.1; Found: 770. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.81 – 7.73 (m, 4H), 7.61 – 7.53 (m, 4H), 6.99 – 6.90 (m, 2H), 6.85 (dd, J = 8.3, 6.9 Hz, 4H), 6.78 – 6.71 (m, 4H), 6.42 (s, 2H), 6.00 (s, 2H), 1.98 (s, 6H), 1.85 (s, 3H). Compound SD-1.3: A mixture of compound SD-1.2 (160 mg, 0.207 mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol (184 mg, 0.828 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2 (16 mg, 0.022mol), potassium carbonate (140 mg, 1.01 mmol) in THF/water (8mL/1mL) was degassed then heated at 80 ºC for 120 min. The resulted mixture was diluted with 20 mL DCM, loaded on silica gel, and purified by flash chromatography using eluents of DCM/Ethyl acetate (0% to 20% ethyl acetate). The desired main peak was collected, after removal of solvent under reduced pressure, the desired product was obtained as a dark solid (130 mg, in 79% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, TCE-d2) δ 7.98 – 7.91 (m, 4H), 7.62 – 7.54 (m, 4H), 7.54 – 7.46 (m, 4H), 6.92 – 6.85 (m, 4H), 6.84 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 2H), 6.82 – 6.74 (m, 4H), 6.73 – 6.66 (m, 4H), 6.46 (s, 2H), 5.92 (s, 2H), 4.88 (s, 2H), 1.92 (s, 6H), 1.78 (s, 3H). Compound SD-1: A mixture of compound SD-1.3 (80 mg, 0.1 mmol), compound SD-1.4 (100 mg, 0.222 mmol), DMAP/TsOH salt (59 mg, 0.2 mmol), DIC (0.15 mL) in 6 mL DCM was stirred at room temperature overnight, then at 45 ºC for 2 hrs. The resulted mixture was loaded on silica gel and purified by flash chromatography using eluents of DCM/ethyl acetate (0% to 10% ethyl acetate). The desired di-coupled product was collected as the 2nd main peak. After removal of solvents, washed with methanol and dried in air, the desired product was obtained as a dark solid (100 mg, in 60% yield). Confirmed by ¹ H NMR. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, d2-TCE) δ 8.49 (dd, J = 16.0, 8.1 Hz, 4H), 7.99 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 6H), 7.85 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (dd, J = 8.5, 3.7 Hz, 8H), 7.50 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.42 – 7.25 (m, 8H), 7.25 – 7.08 (m, 10H), 6.84 (dt, J = 36.5, 7.3 Hz, 6H), 6.70 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 4H), 6.48 (s, 2H), 5.93 (s, 2H), 2.80 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 4H), 2.63 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 4H), 2.11 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 4H), 1.92 (s, 6H), 1.78 (s, 3H). Synthesis procedure of Compound SD-2 Compound SD-2.2: Compound SD-2.1: To a solution of 1-benzosuberone (10.0 mmol, 1.46 mL) in 3:1, H2O/EtOH (32.5 mL) at room temperature were added NH2OH·HCl (15.0 mmol, 1.04 g) and sodium acetate (25.0 mmol, 2.05 g) and the reaction mixture was stirred at 95 °C for 1 h. It was then cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed with water (150 mL), and lyophilized for 16 h to give 1.64 g of 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- benzo[7]annulen-5-one oxime (94% yield) as a colorless solid which was used in the subsequent synthetic step without further purification. To a solution of 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-5-one oxime (5.71 mmol, 1.00 g) in DMSO (9.00 mL) at room temperature was added KOH (17.1 mmol, 959 mg) and the reaction mixture was heated to 140 °C before 1,2-dichloroethane (11.4 mmol, 897 µL) in DMSO (2.00 mL) was added over 3 h via a syringe pump. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, quenched with 1M aqueous NH4Cl solution (30.0 mL) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 x 30.0 mL). The combined organics were dried (MgSO4) and concentrated under reduced pressure. Flash chromatography (hexanes → 9:1, hexanes/EtOAc) gave 262 mg of SD-2.1 (25% yield) as a yellow solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.18 (br s, 1H), 7.34 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.25 – 7.19 (m, 1H), 7.16 (dd, J = 7.6, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.13 – 7.07 (m, 1H), 6.84 (t, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H), 6.17 (t, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H), 2.91 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.86 – 2.80 (m, 2H), 2.07 – 1.98 (m, 2H); ¹³ C NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 140.4, 131.8, 129.3, 126.8, 125.9, 125.2, 123.2, 121.8, 118.3, 111.1, 34.9, 27.8, 26.7. Compound SD-2.3: A 100 mL 2 neck round bottomed flask was fitted with an air condenser and a stir bar. To the flask, compound SD-2.11,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyrrole (813.1 mg, 4.4 mmol) and SD-2.2 4-hydroxy-2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde (424.3 mg, 2.2 mmol) were added, followed by anhydrous dichloroethane (55 ml). The reaction mixture was sparged with Ar for 30 minutes, then TFA (4 drops) was added. The reaction solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. After the reaction was cooled down to 0 ºC in an ice-water bath, p-chloranil (731.8 mg, 2.98 mmol) was added. The reaction was kept at 0 ºC for 30 minutes. Then BF ₃ •OEt ₂ (3.0 mL, 24.1 mmol) and Et ₃ N (1.9 mL, 13.3 mmol) were added at 0 ºC. The reaction mixture was heated up to 50 ºC for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was loaded with silica gel and purified by flash chromatography, using DCM in hexane (0-80- 90%) as an eluant to provide the pure BODIPY SD-2.3 as a brown golden solid, 476.0 mg, 36% yield. MS (APCI): calculated for C33H24BCl2F2N2O ([M-H]-) = 584 found: 584. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 8.09 (dd, J = 4.0 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (dddd, J = 13.2 Hz, 7.2 Hz, 7.2 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 4H), 7.22 (dd, J = 6.4 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 6.99 (s, 2H), 6.43 (s, 2H), 5.77 (bs, 1H), 2.63 (dd, J = 6.8 Hz, 6.8 Hz, 4H), 2.32 (bs, 4H), 2.03 (ddd, J = 14.0 Hz, 6.8 Hz, 6.8 Hz, 4H). Compound SD-2.4: A mixture of 4-bromo-1,8-naphthalic anhydride (2.77g, 10 mmol), 4-bromo-2-nitrophenol (3.27g, 15 mmol) was degassed under vacuum for 30 min, then anhydrous NMP (50 mL) was added, followed by addition of sodium hydroxide (0.2g, 5mmol) and copper powder (0.318 g, 5 mmol). The mixture was sparged with argon for 20 min, then heated at 180 ºC overnight under argon atmosphere. After cooled down to room temperature, to the solution, 50 mL 20% hydrochloride acid aqueous solution was added dropwise, then added 50 mL water. The resulted mixture was allowed to stand for 3 hrs, then filtered to collect the precipitate, which was dried in vacuum to afford 4.6g crude product. The crude product was dispersed in 30 mL acetone and stirred overnight at room temperature to dissolve the impurities. Filtration and dried in vacuum gave a brown, yellow solid as desired product (3.3g, in 80% yield). LCMS (APCI+): calculated for C ₁₈ H ₉ BrNO ₆ (M+H) = 413.95; Found: 414. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, TCE-d2) δ 8.70 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.63 (dd, J = 7.3, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.41 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.89 – 7.79 (m, 2H), 7.20 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H). Compound SD-2.5: A mixture of compound SD-2.4 (1.5 g, 3.6 mmol), iron powder (0.60 g, 10.8 mmol) in acetic acid (50 mL) was heated at 125 °C for 30 min. After cooled to room temperature, to the mixture, 100 mL water was added while stirring. The resulted mixture was filtered and washed with water, dried in air and vacuum to give a solid (1.35 g, in 82% yield). LCMS (APCI-): calculated for C18H10BrNO4 = 382.98; Found: 383. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.01 – 8.26 (m, 3H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 6.93 (dd, J = 85.2, 36.5 Hz, 4H), 5.54 (s, 2H). Compound SD-2.6: Compound SD-2.5 (2.65g, 6.9mmol), was dispersed in acetic acid (50mL)/water (10mL) and cooled to 0 ºC. While being stirred, precooled hydrochloric acid (2.8mL, 34.5 mmol) was added, then sodium nitrite solution (3.57g, 52 mmol) in 15 mL water was added dropwise at 0 ºC. The whole was stirred for one hour at 0 ºC, then was transferred into additional funnel, and dropped into a copper sulfate solution (12g, 47 mmol, in 140 mL water) for over a one hour period at 130 ºC. After cooled to room temperature, the precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water (100mL × 3), then stirred in 50 mL acetone at 40 ºC for 30 min. Filtration, dried in air then in vacuum gave a brown, yellow solid (1.76g, in 70% yield). LCMS (APCI+): calculated for C18H8BrO4 (M+H) = 366.95; Found: 367. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, d2-TCE) δ 8.51 (dd, J = 12.3, 8.1 Hz, 2H), 8.12 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (dd, J = 8.8, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H). Compound SD-2.7: A mixture of compound SD-2.6 (550 mg, 1.5 mmol), 4-(4-aminophenyl) butanoic acid (537 mg, 3 mmol) and DMAP (12.2mg, 0.1 mmol) in 10 mL DMF was heated at 165 ºC for 2.5 hrs in microwave reactor. The resulted solution was dropped into 50 mL acetone while stirring. Precipitate formed and was filtered and dried in vacuum oven at 60 ºC for overnight to afford the desired product as brown, yellow solid (0.49g, in 62% yield). LCMS (APCI-): calculated for C ₂₈ H ₁₈ BrNO ₅ = 527.04; Found: 527. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.54 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.41 (dd, J = 9.9, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 8.33 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (dd, J = 8.8, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (dd, J = 8.6, 4.2 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.17 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H), 2.63 – 2.55 (m, 2H), 2.27 – 2.15 (m, 2H), 1.87 – 1.73 (m, 2H). Compound SD-2.8: A mixture of compound SD-2.7 (385 mg, 0.729 mmol), phenylboronic acid (178 mg, 1.45 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2 (36 mg, 0.05 mmol), potassium carbonate (276 mg, 2 mmol) in cosolvents of THF/DMF/water (20L/4mL/2mL) was degassed, then heated at 80 ºC for overnight. The mixture was worked up with 200 mL ethyl acetate and 50 mL 0.6 N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 2). The organic phase was collected and washed with brine (100 mL x 2), dried over sodium sulfate, then dry loaded on silica gel and purified by flash chromatography using eluents of DCM/EA (0% to 40% EA with 0.1% TFA). The main desired fraction was collected, removal of solvents under reduced pressure gave a yellow solid (250mg, in 65% yield). LCMS (APCI-): calculated for C34H23NO5 = 525.16; Found: 525. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, TCE-d2) δ 8.55 (dd, J = 19.5, 8.1 Hz, 2H), 8.20 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.51 – 7.28 (m, 7H), 7.17 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 2.72 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H). Compound SD-2: A mixture of compound SD-2.3 (31mg, 0.053mmol), compound SD-2.8 (43 mg, 0.082 mmol), EDC•HCl (100 mg, 0.52 mmol) and DMAP/p-TsOH (16 mg, 0.054 mmol) in DCM (8mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. The resulted mixture was then loaded on silica gel, purified by flash chromatography using eluents of DCM/ethyl acetate (0% ^ 5% ethyl acetate). The main red fraction was collected and concentrated to ~ 1mL under reduced pressure, then 10 mL methanol was added. The resulted precipitate was filtered and dried in air to give a dark red solid (41 mg, in 70.8% yield). LCMS (APCI-): calculated for C67H46BCl2F2N3O5 = 1091.29; Found: 1091. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, d2-TCE) δ 8.56 (dd, J = 19.3, 8.1 Hz, 2H), 8.21 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (t, J = 4.7 Hz, 2H), 7.73 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (dd, J = 7.2, 1.7 Hz, 2H), 7.50 – 7.41 (m, 3H), 7.38 (dd, J = 8.0, 2.2 Hz, 3H), 7.34 – 7.25 (m, 7H), 7.25 – 7.18 (m, 4H), 6.40 (s, 2H), 2.82 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.60 – 2.49 (m, 4H), 2.24 (s, 4H), 2.18 – 2.07 (m, 2H), 2.03 – 1.90 (m, 4H). Compound SD-3: AlCl3 (78.0 g, 585 mmol, 31.9 mL, 1.80 eq) was added to anhydrous DCM (1.50 L) at 0-10 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 30 mins. A mixture of compound SD-3.1A (88.1 g, 585 mmol, 72.2 mL, 1.80 eq) in anhydrous DCM (100 mL) was added to the mixture at 0-10 °C under N2. Compound SD-3.1 (82 g, 325 mmol, 1.00 eq) was added to the mixture in portions and the mixture was stirred at 25-30 °C for 30 mins. The mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 12 hrs. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) (Petroleum ether/Ethyl acetate = 10/1) showed that the reaction was completed. The mixture was cooled to 25-30 °C and poured into water (1.00 L). The mixture was separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (500 mL * 2). The combine organic layer was dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ and concentrated. The product was purified by MPLC (100-200 mesh silica gel, DCM). SD-3.2 (82.0 g, 223 mmol, 68.8% yield) was obtained as orange solid. LCMS (APCI+), calculated for C ₂₅ H ₁₈ O ₃ =366.1; found: 366. ¹ NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.57 (dd, J = 8.6, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 8.30 – 8.17 (m, 4H), 7.97 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.64 – 7.48 (m, 3H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.41 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.86 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H). Compound SD-3.3: Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (231 g, 2.03 mol, 150 mL, 9.90 eq) was added to a mixture of SD-3.2 (75.0 g, 204 mmol, 1.00 eq) in anhydrous DCM (600 mL) at 0-10 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0-10°C for 30 mins. Triethylsilane (Et ₃ SiH) (71.4 g, 614 mmol, 98.1 mL, 3.00 eq) was added to the mixture at 0-10 °C and the mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 hrs. TLC (Petroleum ether/Ethyl acetate = 3/1) showed that the reaction was completed. The mixture was concentrated to give the crude product. The crude product was triturated with MTBE (400 mL) at 25-30 °C for 30 mins. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate cake was washed by Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) (100 mL). The filtrate cake was dried under vacuum. The mother liquid was concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography (100-200 mesh silica gel, Petroleum ether/Ethyl acetate = 100/1-2/1). Compound SD-3.3 (62.0 g, 176 mmol, 85.9% yield) was obtained as yellow solid. ¹ H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.27 - 8.08 (m, 4H), 7.91 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (dd, J = 5.5, 7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.53 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (dt, J = 1.5, 7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.07 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.47 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.12 (quin, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H). Compound 3.4: n-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) (88.4 g, 496 mmol, 3.40 eq) was added to a mixture of SD-3.3 (51.5 g, 146 mmol, 1.00 eq) in CHCl3 (2.00 L) at 25 °C in portions. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 16 hrs and keeping in darkness. LCMS (ET39890-22-P1A) showed that the reaction was completed. The mixture was washed by Na2SO3 (1 N, 1.00 L). The mixture was separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (200 mL). The combine organic layer was concentrated to give the crude product. The product was purified by silica gel chromatography (100-200 mesh silica gel, Petroleum ether/Ethyl acetate = 1/0-1/1). SD-3.4 (69.2 g, 102 mmol, 69.9% yield, 87.0% purity) was obtained as red brown oil. LCMS (APCI+), calculated for C25H17Br3O2= 585.88; found: 589. Compound SD-3.5: SD-3.4A (228 g, 1.19 mol, 151 mL, 10.0 eq) was added to a mixture of SD-3.4 (70.0 g, 119 mmol, 1.00 eq) and CuI (113 g, 594 mmol, 5.00 eq) in DMA (490 mL) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 160 °C for 3 hrs under N2. LCMS (ET39890-26-P1A) showed that the reaction was completed. The mixture was cooled to 25-30 °C and diluted with water (1.50 L) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) (1.00 L). The mixture was filtered through a Celite pad. The filtrate cake was washed by EtOAc (500 mL * 2). The combine filtrate was separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (500 mL * 2). The combine organic layer was concentrated to give the crude product. The product was purified by silica gel chromatography (100-200 mesh silica gel, Petroleum ether/Ethyl acetate = 1/0 to 1/1). SD-3.5 (40.0 g, 71.9 mmol, 60.5% yield) was obtained as red brown oil. Compound SD-3.6: C Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (8.63 g, 215 mmol, 3.00 eq) was added to a mixture of SD-3.5 (40.0 g, 71.9 mmol, 1.00 eq) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) (200 mL), methanol (MeOH) (200 mL) and H ₂ O (200 mL) at 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2 hrs. TLC (Petroleum ether/Ethyl acetate = 10/1) showed that the reaction was completed. The mixture was acidified to pH = 1-2 by hydrogen chloride (HCl) solution (1 N). The mixture was concentrated to move the solvent. The residue was diluted with water (150 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL * 2). The combine organic layer was concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (100-200 mesh silica gel, Petroleum ether/Ethyl acetate = 1/0-0/1). SD-3.6 (26.2 g, 48.1 mmol, 66.9% yield, 99.6% purity) was obtained as yellow solid. ¹ HNMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.37 - 7.93 (m, 6H), 7.91 - 7.50 (m, 2H), 3.47 - 3.13 (m, 2H), 2.68 - 2.53 (m, 2H), 2.26 - 2.13 (m, 2H). Compound SD-3 synthesis: Compound SD-3.7: To a solution of 2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (0.335 mmol, 64 mg), 4- (tris(trifluoromethyl)perylen-3-yl)butanoic acid (0.369 mmol, 200 mg) and DMAP·pTsOH salt (0.034 mmol, 10 mg) in CH2Cl2 (1.68 mL) was added DIC (1.34 mmol, 210 µL) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. It was then filtered through celite and concentrated under reduced pressure. Flash chromatography (toluene) gave 187 mg of SD-3.7 (78% yield) as a yellow solid. ¹ NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 10.50 – 10.33 (m, 1H), 8.48 – 7.50 (m, 8H), 7.19 – 7.14 (m, 2H), 3.45 – 3.25 (m, 2H), 2.83 – 2.59 (m, 2H), 2.33 – 2.03 (m, 2H). Compound SD-3: To a solution of SD-2.1 (0.461 mmol, 84 mg) and SD-3.7 (0.210 mmol, 150 mg) in CH2Cl2 (4.50 mL) was added p-TsOH·H2O (0.021 mmol, 3 mg) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. DDQ (0.252 mmol, 57 mg) was then added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Triethylamine (TEA)(1.26 mmol, 175 µL) was added, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h before BF3·OEt2 (1.89 mmol, 233 µL) was added and the mixture was stirred room temperature for 2 h. It was then diluted with EtOAc (30.0 mL), washed with 3 M HCl (3 x 30.0 mL), dried (MgSO ₄ ) and concentrated under reduced pressure. Flash chromatography (4:1 toluene/hexanes → toluene) gave 106 mg of SD-3 (45% yield) as a purple solid. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Methylene Chloride-d2) δ 8.61 – 7.60 (m, 10H), 7.39 – 7.11 (m, 8H), 6.54 – 6.40 (m, 2H), 3.46 – 3.30 (m, 2H), 2.90 – 2.55 (m, 6H), 2.39 – 2.09 (m, 6H), 2.08 – 1.94 (m, 4H). A 10 mL vial was fitted with a stir bar. To the vial, compound SD-2.3 (25.0 mg, 0.043 mmol), FD-1.5 (24.0 mg, 0.053 mmol), EDC•HCl (40.9 mg, 0.21 mmol) and DMAP•TsOH (25.6 mg, 0.085 mmol) were added, followed by anhydrous DCM (1.5 ml). The reaction mixture was heated up to 40 ºC overnight. After the reaction was cooled down room temperature, the reaction mixture was loaded with silica gel and purified by flash chromatography, using DCM in EtOAc (0-5%) as an eluant to provide the pure RL-naphthalimide-BODIPY 1605-23-3 as a dark purple solid. The solid was further triturated with MeOH (10 ml) to deliver RL-naphthalimide-BODIPY SD-4, 21.0 mg, 48% yield. MS (APCI): calculated for C ₆₁ H ₄₁ Cl ₂ F ₂ N ₃ O ₅ ([M-H]-) = 1015 found: 1015. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.66 (dd, J = 18.4 Hz, 7.6 Hz, 2H), 8.10 (m, 3H), 7.99 (d, J =8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (ddd, J = 8.0 Hz, 8.0 Hz, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (m, 13H), 7.22 (dd, J = 6.8 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 6.45 (s, 2H) 2.88 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.72 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.63 (m, 4H), 2.20 (m, 6H), 2.04 (ddd, J = 6.8 Hz, 6.8 Hz, 6.8 Hz, 4H). Synthesis procedure of Compound SD-5 A 25 mL vial was fitted with a stir bar. To the vial, compound SD-2.3 (40.0 mg, 0.068 mmol), 1605-99 SD-5.1 (77.5 mg, 0.137 mmol), EDC•HCl (65.2 mg, 0.340 mmol) and DMAP•TsOH (41.1 mg, 0.137 mmol) were added, followed by anhydrous DCM (4 ml). The reaction mixture was heated up to 40 ºC overnight. After the reaction was cooled down room temperature, the reaction mixture was loaded with silica gel and purified by flash chromatography, using DCM in EtOAc (0-4%) as an eluant to provide the pure RL-naphthalimide-BODIPY SD-5 as a dark blue solid. The solid was further triturated with MeOH (15 ml) to deliver RL-naphthalimide-BODIPY SD-5, 46.0 mg, 60% yield. MS (APCI): calculated for C66H41BCl2F5N3O5 ([M-H]-) = 1132 found: 1132. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl2CDCl2) δ 8.69 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.65 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.30 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (m, 2H), 7.82 (m, 5H), 7.65 (m, 2H), 7.55 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (m, 9H), 7.30 (m, 2H), 6.48 (s, 2H), 4.07 (s, 2H), 2.63 (m, 4H), 2.33 (bs, 3H), 2.06 (m, 4H). Synthesis Procedure of Compound SD-6

Compound SD-6.2 ((E)-1-(4-isobutylphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one): A 500 mL recovery flask was charged with a stir bar. To the flask was added 1-(4- isobutylphenyl)ethan-1-one (19.57 mmol, 3.540 g) and benzaldehyde (19.57 mmol, 2.077 g). To the flask was added 200 proof ethanol (10 mL) and the solution stirred to get a clear solution. To the flask was added water (4.70 mL), followed by 5N NaOH/water (23.48 mmol, 4.70 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (~100 mL) and the resulting precipitate filtered off, washing with water. The crude solid was dried in vacuo overnight at room temperature. Gives an off-white solid, 4.844 g (94% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C19H20O (M+H) = 265; found: 265. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 7.99 – 7.92 (m, 2H), 7.80 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 7.71 – 7.64 (m, 2H), 7.56 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (p, J = 3.5 Hz, 3H), 7.34 – 7.28 (m, 2H), 2.57 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.92 (hept, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 0.93 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H). Compound SD-6.3 (1-(4-isobutylphenyl)-4-nitro-3-phenylbutan-1-one): A 500 mL recovery flask was charged with Compound SD-6.2 (18.323 mmol, 4.844 g) and a stir bar. To the flask was added nitromethane (15 mL) and 200 proof ethanol (15 mL). The mixture was stirred to give a clear solution, then KOH (2.346 mmol, 137 mg) was added. A finned condenser was added, and the reaction mixture heated in an aluminum heat block at 95 °C for two hours. The crude reaction mixture was partitioned with EtOAc (~125 mL) and water (~125 mL). The layers were separated, the organic layer washed with water (1 X 50 mL), dried over MgSO ₄ , filtered, and evaporated to dryness in vacuo to give a brown oil (which solidified very slowly at room temperature), 5.753 g (97% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C20H23NO3 (M+H) = 326; found: 326. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 7.87 – 7.80 (m, 2H), 7.41 – 7.33 (m, 2H), 7.33 – 7.27 (m, 3H), 7.25 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 4.85 (dd, J = 12.5, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 4.69 (dd, J = 12.5, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.20 (tt, J = 8.2, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 3.47 (dd, J = 17.9, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.39 (dd, J = 17.9, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 2.53 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.89 (hept, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 0.90 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H). Compound SD-6.5 (2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrole): A 500 mL recovery flask was charged with a stir bar. The system was flushed with argon. To the flask was added Compound SD-6.3 (17.670 mmol, 5.570 g), dry THF (200 mL), and dry methanol (100 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature to get a clear solution. To the flask was added KOH (45.765 mmol, 2.568 g) and the reaction mixture stirred at room temperature for one hour. A 1L 2N round bottom flask was charged with a stir bar and fitted with a flow control, addition funnel, and gas adapter. The system was flushed with argon. To the flask was added dry MeOH (100 mL) and the reaction cooled to 0 ° C. To this flask was carefully added 96% H ₂ SO ₄ (22 mL) (exothermic). Once the reaction had cooled back to 0 ° C, the first solution was transferred to the addition funnel and added to the MeOH/H ₂ SO ₄ mixture over a period of 30 minutes. The mixture was stirred at 0 ° C for 30 minutes, then at room temperature for two hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ~250 mL of crushed ice and diluted with EtOAc (~100 mL). The mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel and the emulsion broken by adding some NaCl. The layers were separated, the aqueous layer extracted with EtOAc (1 X 100 mL), the combined organic layer washed with brine (1 X 50 mL), dried over MgSO ₄ , filtered, and evaporated to give a brown oil. This oil was transferred to a 500 mL recovery flask and a stir bar was added. To the flask was added ammonium acetate (85.88 mmol, 6.619 g), followed by acetic acid (30 mL). To the flask was added a finned condenser and the reaction mixture stirred and heated at 100 °C in an aluminum heat block overnight. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with water (~200 mL). The resulting precipitate was filtered off, washing with water. The precipitate was dissolved in DCM, separated from water, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated onto ~60g of flash silica gel in vacuo. This silica gel was transferred to a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (120g, equilibrate 0% EtOAc/hexanes, eluting 0% (2 CV) ^ 20% EtOAc/hexanes (20 CV)). Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives a blue-purplish solid, 2.981 g (61% yield from Compound 59.2). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C20H21N (M+H) = 276; found: 276. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 8.51 (s, 1H), 7.61 – 7.55 (m, 2H), 7.48 – 7.42 (m, 2H), 7.38 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.26 – 7.17 (m, 3H), 7.16 (dd, J = 2.7, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (dd, J = 2.8, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 2.50 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.89 (hept, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 0.93 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H). Compound SD-6.6 (4-(5,5-difluoro-3,7-bis(4-isobutylphenyl)-1,9-diphenyl-5H-4 l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2- c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazaborinin-10-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenol) (1655-56): Compound SD-6.6 was synthesized from Compound SD-6.5 (2.00 mmol, 551 mg), ), and 4- hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzaldehyde (1.00 mmol, 150 mg) ), and pTsOH.H ₂ O (0.300 mmol, 57 mg), then DDQ (1.70 mmol, 386 mg) and 2X Et ₃ N (8.000 mmol,1.12 mL) and BF ₃ .OEt ₂ (12.00 mmol, 1.48 mL) in dry DCE (50 mL) at 60 °C, then 50 °C in the same manner as Compound FD-5. The crude reaction mixture was diluted with ~10 mL of hexanes and loaded onto ~30g of flash silica gel in a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (120g, equilibrate 0% EtOAc/hexanes, eluting 0% (2 CV) ^ 20% EtOAc/hexanes (20 CV)). Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives a deep red solid, 219 mg (30% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C ₄₉ H ₄₇ BF ₂ N ₂ O (M+H) = 729; found: 729. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 7.87 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 4H), 7.26 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 4H), 7.05 – 6.98 (m, 2H), 6.98 – 6.89 (m, 4H), 6.83 – 6.75 (m, 4H), 6.50 (s, 2H), 5.70 (s, 2H), 4.19 (s, 1H), 2.55 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H), 2.03 – 1.84 (m, 8H), 0.94 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 12H). Compound SD-6 (4-(5,5-difluoro-3,7-bis(4-isobutylphenyl)-1,9-diphenyl-5H-4 l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2- c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazaborinin-10-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenyl 2-(4-(5,11-bis(3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3-dioxo-1H-xantheno[2,1,9-def] isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetate): Compound SD-6 was synthesized from Compound FD-4.3 (0.0823 mmol, 70 mg), Compound SD-6.6 (0.0549 mmol, 40 mg), DMAP.pTsOH salt (0.110 mmol, 32 mg), and EDC.HCl (0.192 mmol, 37 mg) in dry DCM (10 mL) in a manner similar to Compound SD-6.2. The crude reaction mixture was diluted with hexanes and loaded onto ~20g of flash silica gel in a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (120g, equilibrate 0% EtOAc/DCM, eluting isocratic 0%). Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives a deep red solid, 62 mg (73% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C ₉₁ H ₆₄ BF ₁₄ N ₃ O ₅ (M+H) = 1556; found: 1556. H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 8.78 (s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 8.32 – 8.24 (m, 2H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 8.03 (s, 3H), 7.88 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H), 7.60 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.49 (ddd, J = 8.5, 6.1, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.27 (dd, J = 7.8, 4.7 Hz, 5H), 7.07 – 6.88 (m, 8H), 6.78 (dt, J = 6.7, 1.5 Hz, 4H), 6.51 (s, 2H), 6.09 (s, 2H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 2.55 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H), 2.05 (s, 6H), 1.92 (hept, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 0.95 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 12H). Synthesis Procedure of Compound SD-7 Compound SD-7.2 4-(3,7-bis(4-bromophenyl)-5,5-difluoro-1,9-diphenyl-5H-4l4,5 l4-dipyrrolo[1,2- c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazaborinin-10-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenol: A 100 mL 2 neck round bottomed flask was fitted with an air condenser and a stir bar. To the flask, SD-7.1 (synthesized according to literature: Synlett, 2016, 27(11), 1738-1742); (1.0 g, 3.35 mmol) and 4-hydroxyl-2,6-dimethylbenzaldehyde (251.9 mg, 1.68 mmol) were added, followed by anhydrous dichloroethane (35 ml). The reaction mixture was sparged with Ar for 30 minutes, then p-TsOH•H2O (57.3 mg, 0.30 mmol) was added. The reaction solution was heated up to 60 ºC and has been kept at this temperature overnight. Then the reaction was cooled down to room temperature and DDQ (608.4 mg, 2.68 mmol) was added. The reaction was kept at room temperature for 30 minutes. Then BF3•OEt2 (2.5 mL, 20.1 mmol) and Et3N (1.9 mL, 13.4 mmol) were added at room temperature. The reaction mixture was heated up to 50 ºC and has been kept at this temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was loaded with silica gel and purified by flash chromatography, using DCM in Hexane (0- 100%) as an eluant to provide the pure SD-7.2 as a dark purple to golden solid, 560.0 mg, 43% yield. MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C ₄₁ H ₂₉ BBr ₂ F ₂ N ₂ O ([M-H]-) = 774 found: 774. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl2CDCl2) 7.81 (m, 4H), 7.62 (m, 4H), 7.02 (m, 2H), 6.95 (m, 4H), 6.78 (m, 4H), 6.47 (s, 2H), 5.71 (s, 2H), 4.27 (s, 1H), 1.98 (s, 6H). Compound SD-7.3 3,3'-((5,5-difluoro-10-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1,9-di phenyl-5H-4l4,5l4- dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazaborinine-3,7-diyl)bis(4, 1-phenylene))bis(prop-2-yn-1-ol): A 100 mL Schlenk tube was fitted with a stir bar. To the tube, SD-7.2 (155.0 mg, 0.20 mmol),CuI (7.6 mg, 0.04 mmol), PdCl2(PPh3)2 (28.1 mg, 0.04 mmol) and prop-2-yn-1-ol (44.8 mg, 0.8 mmol) were added, followed by anhydrous Et3N (5 ml). The reaction mixture was sparged with N2 for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was heated up to 80 ºC and has been kept at this temperature for 8 hours. LCMS showed the completion of the reaction. DCM (50 ml) and 0.5 M HCl (100 mL) were added. The aqueous phase was further extracted with DCM (50 ml *3). The combined organic phase was concentrated under rotavapor, and the crude was purified by flash chromatography, using EtOAc in DCM (0-50%) as an eluant to provide the pure SD-7.3 as a dark purple solid, 111.0 mg, 77% yield. MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C ₄₇ H ₃₅ BF ₂ N ₂ O ₃ ([M-H]-) = 724 found: 724. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl ₂ CDCl ₂ ) 7.92 (m, 4H), 7.55 (m, 4H), 7.02 (m, 2H), 6.94 (m, 4H), 6.79 (m, 4H), 6.51 (s, 2H), 5.71 (s, 2H), 4.54 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 4H), 4.27 (s, 1H), 1.98 (s, 6H), 1.77 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H). Compound SD-7 ((10-(4-(2-(4-(5,11-bis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3- dioxo-1H- xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetoxy)-2,6- dimethylphenyl)-5,5-difluoro-1,9- diphenyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazabori nine-3,7-diyl)bis(4,1- phenylene))bis(prop-2-yne-3,1-diyl) bis(2-(4-(5,11-bis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3-dioxo - 1H-xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetate): A 25 mL vial was fitted with a stir bar. To the vial, Compound SD-7.3 (50.0 mg, 0.07 mmol), FD-4.3 (355.8 mg, 0.42 mmol), DIC (123.5 mg, 0.98 mmol) and DMAP (38.0 mg, 0.32 mmol) were added, followed by anhydrous DCM (11 ml). The reaction mixture has been kept at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was loaded with silica gel and purified by flash chromatography, using EtOAc in DCM (0-10%) as the eluant to provide SD-7 as a dark purple red solid. The solid was further triturated with EtOAc/MeOH (2 ml/10 ml) to deliver SD-7. The solid was further purified by flash chromatography using EtOAc in Hexane (0-60%) and EtOAc in DCM (0-10%) as the eluants, then triturated with DCM/EtOAc/MeOH (9:1:10), and the cycle has been repeated twice, to provide pure SD-7.163.0 mg, 73% yield. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl ₂ CDCl ₂ ) 8.77 (s, 1H), 8.73 (s, 2H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 2H), 8.26 (m, 6H), 8.04 (m, 12H), 7.92 (m, 4H), 7.58 (m, 10H), 7.48 (m, 3H), 7.40 (m, 2H), 7.34 (m, 4H), 7.27 (m, 3H), 6.99 (m, 12H), 6.76 (m, 4H), 6.51 (s, 2H), 6.10 (s, 2H), 5.01 (s, 4H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 3.85 (s, 4H), 2.04 (s, 6H). Synthesis Procedure of Compound SD-8 Compound FD-4.3 (2-(4-(5,11-bis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3-dioxo-1H -xantheno[2,1,9- def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetic acid): Compound FD-4.3 was synthesized from Compound FD-4.3 (3.500 mmol, 2.034 g), (3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)boronic acid (14.00 mmol, 3.611), K2CO3 (19.25 mmol, 2.661 g), and Pd(dppf)Cl2 (0.0245 mmol, 179 mg) in THF (/60 mL), DMF (12 mL), and water (6 mL) with heating at 80 °C under argon atmosphere overnight. The crude reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness in vacuo, taken up in DCM, and evaporated in vacuo onto ~35 g of flash silica gel. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (220g, equilibrate 0% EtOAc/DCM, eluting 0% (10 CV) to 15.3% EtOAc/DCM (15.3 CV) to 0% EtOAc/DCM (10 CV) to isocratic 40% EtOAc/DCM). EtOAc contains 0.1% v/v TFA. Gives a brownish-yellow solid, 1.710 g (57.6% yield from Compound FD-4.1). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C42H19F12NO5 (M+H) = 846; found: 846. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 12.45 (s, 1H), 8.62 (s, 1H), 8.52 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 2H), 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 8.26 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 2H), 8.24 (s, 1H), 7.50 (ddd, J = 8.5, 7.2, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.46 – 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.37 – 7.27 (m, 2H), 7.14 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (ddd, J = 8.4, 7.2, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 3.69 (s, 2H). Compound SD-8.1 (3,7-bis(4-bromophenyl)-5,5-difluoro-10-mesityl-1,9-diphenyl -5H-4λ ⁴ ,5λ ⁴ - dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazaborinine): Step 1: A mixture of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrole (synthesized according to literature: Synlett, 2016, 27(11), 1738-1742; 1.0 g, 3.36 mmol), 2,4,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (also referred to as mesitaldehyde, 0.249 g, 1.68 mmol) and p-TsOH•H ₂ O (100 mg) in 80 mL 1,2- dichloroethane was degassed, then heated at 60 °C for 40 hr. LCMS analysis indicates that the major product is desired product with the peak of m/e ⁺ =727. Step 2: At room temperature, DDQ (454 mg, 2 mmol) was added into the resulting mixture from step 1, and the whole was stirred for one hour at room temperature. LCMS analysis indicates that the starting material was fully converted to desired product with the peak of m/e- = 724. Step 3: With ice-bath cooling, triethylamine (0.85 mL, 6 mmol), and BF3-diethyl etherate (1.1 mL, 9 mmol) was added to the mixture from step 2. The whole was heated at 50 °C for one hour, then another potion of triethylamine (0.5 mL) and BF3-diethyl etherate (0.5 mL) was added, and the mixture was heated for another one hour. LCMS analysis indicates that the reaction completed with main peak of m/e- = 772. The mixture was diluted with 50 mL dichloromethane, washed with water twice and brine once. The organic phase was collected and concentrated to 100 mL, then loaded on silica gel and purified by flash chromatography using eluents of hexanes/dichloromethane (with gradient of 100% dichloromethane). The main fractions were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvents to give a solid, which was washed with methanol, then filtered and dried in air to afford a purple solid (1.06 g, in 81.6% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.81 – 7.73 (m, 4H), 7.61 – 7.54 (m, 4H), 6.97 – 6.90 (m, 2H), 6.85 (dd, J = 8.3, 6.9 Hz, 4H), 6.78 – 6.71 (m, 4H), 6.42 (s, 2H), 6.00 (s, 2H), 1.98 (s, 6H), 1.85 (s, 3H). LCMS (APCI-): calcd for C ₄₂ H ₃₁ BBr ₂ F ₂ N ₂ : 772.1; found: 772. Compound SD-8.2 (3,3'-((5,5-difluoro-10-mesityl-1,9-diphenyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipy rrolo[1,2-c:2',1'- f][1,3,2]diazaborinine-3,7-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(prop- 2-yn-1-ol)): A mixture of Compound SD-8.1 (200mg, 0.258 mmol), CuI (10 mg, 0.052 mmol), Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 (36 mg, 0.052 mmol), and propargyl alcohol (56 mg, 1.0 mmol) in 5 mL triethylamine was degassed then heated at 80 ºC overnight under argon atmosphere. The resulted mixture was diluted with 200 mL DCM. The DCM solution was washed with 0.1N HCl aqueous solution (100 mL), and water (100 mL), then loaded on silica gel and purified by flash chromatography using eluents of DCM/ethyl acetate (0% to 50% ethyl acetate). The main peak was collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a red solid (150m g, in 80.4% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, d2-TCE) δ 7.90 – 7.73 (m, 4H), 7.56 – 7.38 (m, 4H), 6.91 – 6.83 (m, 2H), 6.77 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 4H), 6.70 – 6.61 (m, 4H), 6.41 (s, 2H), 4.44 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 4H), 1.88 (s, 6H), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.68 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H). Compound SD-8 ((5,5-difluoro-10-mesityl-1,9-diphenyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[ 1,2-c:2',1'- f][1,3,2]diazaborinine-3,7-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(prop- 2-yne-3,1-diyl) bis(2-(4-(5,11-bis(3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3-dioxo-1H-xantheno[2,1,9-def] isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetate): A mixture of compound SD-8.2 (50 mg, 0.069 mmol), 2-(4-(5,11-bis(3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3-dioxo-1H-xantheno[2,1,9-def] isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetic acid (236 mg, 0.28 mmol), DMAP (24 mg, 0.2 mmol), DIC (0.1 mL, 0.63 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature over the weekend. The resulted mixture was loaded on silica gel, purified by flash chromatography using eluents of DCM/EA (0% to 10% EA). The main red color peak was collected, concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulted solid was triturated with MeOH, filtered and dried in air to afford a dark solid (130mg, in 79% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ 8.75 (s, 2H), 8.51 (s, 2H), 8.31 – 8.26 (m, 4H), 8.05 (d, J = 16.1 Hz, 8H), 7.91 – 7.84 (m, 4H), 7.59 – 7.48 (m, 8H), 7.44 (ddd, J = 8.6, 6.9, 1.7 Hz, 2H), 7.36 – 7.28 (m, 4H), 7.23 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.3 Hz, 2H), 7.03 – 6.90 (m, 6H), 6.85 (dd, J = 8.4, 6.8 Hz, 4H), 6.80 – 6.73 (m, 4H), 6.48 (s, 2H), 6.01 (s, 2H), 5.01 (s, 4H), 3.84 (s, 4H), 1.98 (s, 6H), 1.85 (s, 3H). Synthesis Procedure of Compound SD-9 (((10-(2,6-dichloro-4-methylphenyl)-5,5-difluoro-1,9- diphenyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazabori nine-3,7-diyl)bis(4,1- phenylene))bis(prop-2-yne-3,1-diyl) bis(2-(4-(5,11-bis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3-dioxo - 1H-xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acetate)): Compound SD-12.1 (0.2594 mmol, 198 mg), 2-(4-(5,11-bis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- 1,3-dioxo-1H-xantheno[2,1,9-def]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl) acetic acid (synthesized by WuXi App Tech) (0.5707 mmol, 483 mg), DMAP.pTsOH salt (0.1038 mmol, 31 mg), and EDC.HCl (1.038 mmol, 199 mg) were stirred in dry DCM (20 mL) in a 40 mL screw cap vial at room temperature for 60 minutes. The crude reaction mixture was loaded onto ~15g of flash silica gel packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (80g, 0% acetone/DCM (2 CV) ^ 10% (5 CV), stop at 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.5%. Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The product was triturated with hot MeOH, cooled to room temperature, filtered off, washing with MeOH, dissolved in DCM, and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives a red-blue solid, 391 mg (62% yield).1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 8.74 (s, 2H), 8.50 (s, 2H), 8.25 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 4H), 8.06 (s, 2H), 8.02 (t, J = 2.2 Hz, 6H), 7.97 – 7.90 (m, 4H), 7.60 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 4H), 7.57 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 4H), 7.48 (ddd, J = 8.5, 6.1, 2.5 Hz, 2H), 7.38 – 7.30 (m, 4H), 7.29 – 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.05 – 6.85 (m, 13H), 6.52 (s, 2H), 6.29 (s, 2H), 5.02 (s, 4H), 3.86 (s, 4H), 1.87 (s, 3H). Synthesis Procedure of Compound SD-10 Compound 10.1 (3,7-bis(4-bromophenyl)-5,5-difluoro-10-mesityl-1,9-diphenyl -5H-4λ ⁴ ,5λ ⁴ - dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazaborinine): Step 1: A mixture of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrole (synthesized according to literature: Synlett, 2016, 27(11), 1738-1742; 1.0 g, 3.36 mmol), 2,4,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (also referred to as mesitaldehyde, 0.249 g, 1.68 mmol) and p-TsOH•H2O (100 mg) in 80 mL 1,2-dichloroethane was degassed, then heated at 60 °C for 40 hr. LCMS analysis indicates that the major product is desired product with the peak of m/e ⁺ =727. Step 2: At room temperature, DDQ (454 mg, 2 mmol) was added into the resulting mixture from step 1, and the whole was stirred for one hour at room temperature. LCMS analysis indicates that the starting material was fully converted to desired product with the peak of m/e- = 724. Step 3: With ice-bath cooling, triethylamine (0.85 mL, 6 mmol), and BF ₃ -diethyl etherate (1.1 mL, 9 mmol) was added to the mixture from step 2. The whole was heated at 50 °C for one hour, then another potion of triethylamine (0.5 mL) and BF ₃ -diethyl etherate (0.5 mL) was added, and the mixture was heated for another one hour. LCMS analysis indicates that the reaction completed with main peak of m/e- = 772. The mixture was diluted with 50 mL dichloromethane, washed with water twice and brine once. The organic phase was collected and concentrated to 100 mL, then loaded on silica gel and purified by flash chromatography using eluents of hexanes/dichloromethane (with gradient of 40% ^ 100% dichloromethane). The main fractions were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvents to give a solid, which was washed with methanol, then filtered and dried in air to afford a purple solid (1.06 g, in 81.6% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.81 – 7.73 (m, 4H), 7.61 – 7.54 (m, 4H), 6.97 – 6.90 (m, 2H), 6.85 (dd, J = 8.3, 6.9 Hz, 4H), 6.78 – 6.71 (m, 4H), 6.42 (s, 2H), 6.00 (s, 2H), 1.98 (s, 6H), 1.85 (s, 3H). LCMS (APCI-): calcd for C ₄₂ H ₃₁ BBr ₂ F ₂ N ₂ : 772.1; found: 772. Compound 10.2 (3,3'-((5,5-difluoro-10-mesityl-1,9-diphenyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipy rrolo[1,2-c:2',1'- f][1,3,2]diazaborinine-3,7-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(prop- 2-yn-1-ol)): A mixture of Compound 1592-81 (200 mg, 0.258 mmol), CuI (10 mg, 0.052 mmol), Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₂ Cl ₂ (36 mg, 0.052 mmol), and propargyl alcohol (56 mg, 1.0 mmol) in 5 mL triethylamine was degassed then heated at 80 °C overnight under argon atmosphere. The resulted mixture was diluted with 200 mL DCM. The DCM solution was washed with 0.1N HCl aqueous solution (100 mL), and water (100 mL), then loaded on silica gel and purified by flash chromatography using eluents of DCM/ethyl acetate (0% to 50% ethyl acetate). The main peak was collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a red solid (150 mg, in 80.4% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 7.83 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 4H), 7.46 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 4H), 6.92 – 6.82 (m, 2H), 6.78 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 4H), 6.70 – 6.63 (m, 4H), 6.41 (s, 2H), 4.44 (s, 4H), 1.96 (s, 2H), 1.89 (s, 6H), 1.77 (s, 3H). Compound SD-10: A mixture of compound 1661-61 (0.32 g, 0.44 mmol), acetic anhydride (0.224 g, 2.2 mmol), triethylamine (0.22 g, 2.2 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. The resulted mixture was loaded on silica gel and purified by flash chromatography using eluents of DCM/ethyl acetate (0% to 5% ethyl acetate). The main fraction was collected, then removal of solvents gave a dark red solid (0.25 g, in 70% yield). LCMS (APCI-): calcd for C52H41BF2N2O4 = 806.3 (M-); found 806. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 7.82 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 4H), 7.47 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 4H), 6.87 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 6.78 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 4H), 6.67 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H), 6.41 (s, 2H), 4.85 (s, 4H), 2.07 (s, 6H), 1.89 (s, 6H), 1.77 (s, 3H). Synthesis Procedure of Compound SD-11

Compound SD-11 (10-(2,6-dichloro-4-methylphenyl)-5,5-difluoro-3,7-bis(4-iso butylphenyl)-1,9- diphenyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazabori nine): 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrole (Compound SD-6.5) (0.8242 mmol, 227 mg) and 2,6-dichloro-4-methylbenzaldehyde (0.4121 mmol, 78 mg) were dissolved in dry DCE (25 mL) and stirred at 50 ° C. The reaction mixture was treated with pTsOH.H ₂ O (0.0843 mmol, 16 mg) and stirred at 50 ° C under argon for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and treated with DDQ (0.7418 mmol, 168 mg) and stirring continued at room temperature for 10 minutes. Et ₃ N (3.2987 mmol, 0.46 mL), and BF ₃ .OEt ₂ (4.946 mmol, 0.61 mL) were added to the reaction. The addition of Et ₃ N (3.2987 mmol, 0.46 mL), and BF ₃ .OEt ₂ (4.946 mmol, 0.61 mL) was repeated and the reaction mixture was stirred for one hour at 50 ° C. The temperature was increased to 65 ° C, at which point LCMS showed the reaction was done. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 ° C and treated with 10 mL H2O and stirred for ~5 minutes. The reaction mixture was filtered through a polypropylene frit to retain the H2O layer, washing with DCM until no BODIPY eluted. The eluent was directed onto a 15g plug of silica gel. The eluent was evaporated to dryness in vacuo, dissolved in toluene/hexane ~1:1 and loaded onto ~15g of flash silica gel packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (80g, 0% acetone/hexane (2 CV) ^ 5% (5 CV), stop at 1.0% and elute isocratic. Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo, triturated with hot MeOH/10% H2O, cooled to room temperature, filtered off, and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives a dark red solid, 130 mg (41% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C ₄₈ H ₄₃ BCl ₂ F ₂ N ₂ (M+H) = 767; found: 767.1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 7.90 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 4H), 7.27 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 4H), 7.06 – 6.83 (m, 10H), 6.52 (s, 2H), 6.28 (d, J = 0.9 Hz, 2H), 2.56 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H), 1.93 (dt, J = 13.5, 6.7 Hz, 2H), 1.87 (s, 3H), 0.95 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 12H). Synthesis Procedure of Compound SD-12 Compound SD-12.1: (3,7-bis(4-bromophenyl)-10-(2,6-dichloro-4-methylphenyl)-5,5 -difluoro-1,9- diphenyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazabori nine): 2-(4-bromophenyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrole (synthesized by outside supplier) (2.000 mmol, 596 mg), 2,6-dichloro-4-methylbenzaldehyde (1.000 mmol, 189 mg) were combined in dry DCE (25 mL) and stirred at 50 ° C under argon after adding pTsOH.H ₂ O (0.2000 mmol, 38 mg) for 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and treated with DDQ (2.000 mmol, 454 mg) and stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. Et3N (8.000 mmol, 1.1 mL), and BF3.OEt2 (12.00 mmol, 1.5 mL) were added to the reaction. The addition of Et3N (8.000 mmol, 1.1 mL), and BF3.OEt2 (12.00 mmol, 1.5 mL) was repeated and the reaction mixture was stirred for one hour at 65 ° C. Worked up as for 1725-56. The crude product was dissolved in DCM and evaporated onto ~15g of flash silica gel in vacuo and packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (80g, 0% acetone/hexane (2 CV) 5% (5 CV), stop at 1.5% and elute isocratic. Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives a dark red solid, 356 mg (44% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C40H25BBr2Cl2F2N2 (M+H) = 811; found: 811.1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 7.90 – 7.77 (m, 4H), 7.70 – 7.59 (m, 4H), 7.04 – 6.97 (m, 6H), 6.97 – 6.90 (m, 4H), 6.49 (s, 2H), 6.30 (d, J = 0.8 Hz, 2H), 1.87 (s, 3H). Compound SD-12.2: (3,3'-((10-(2,6-dichloro-4-methylphenyl)-5,5-difluoro-1,9-di phenyl-5H-4l4,5l4- dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazaborinine-3,7-diyl)bis(4, 1-phenylene))bis(prop-2-yn-1-ol)): Compound SD-12.1 (0.4366 mmol, 355 mg) was dissolved in Et ₃ N (25 mL) in a Schlenk tube and treated with propargyl alcohol (1.310 mmol, 0.076 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature and sparged with nitrogen for 30 minutes. To the reaction was added CuI (0.04366 mmol, 8.3 mg) and Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 (0.04366 mmol, 31 mg) and sparging continued for an additional 15 minutes. The atmosphere was changed to argon with sparging for 5 minutes, then the reaction mixture was stirred and heated to 100 ° C for 60 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with 100 mL of DCM. The solution was cooled to 0 ° C and carefully neutralized the Et3N with 6N HCl with vigorous stirring ~40 mL). The reaction mixture was filtered through a polypropylene frit to reject water, washing with DCM until no BODIPY eluted. The crude product was evaporated onto ~15g of flash silica gel (DCM) and packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (80g, 0% acetone/hexane (2 CV) ^ 20% (5 CV), stop at 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.5%, 5.0%, 5.2% (peak elutes) ^ 5.6% to elute tail. Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives a dark red solid, 233 mg (70.0% yield). Used in next step with no further manipulation. MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C46H31BCl2F2N2O2 (M+H) = 763; found: 763. Compound SD-12: (((10-(2,6-dichloro-4-methylphenyl)-5,5-difluoro-1,9-dipheny l-5H-4l4,5l4- dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazaborinine-3,7-diyl)bis(4, 1-phenylene))bis(prop-2-yne-3,1-diyl) diacetate): Compound 1725-61 (0.3052 mmol, 233 mg) was dissolved in dry DCE (35 mL) and treated sequentially with acetic anhydride (1.526 mmol, 0.14 mL) and DMAP (2.136 mmol, 261 mg). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature under argon for 40 minutes. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo onto ~15 g of flash silica gel and packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (80g, 0% acetone/DCM (2 CV) ^ 10% (5 CV), stop at 0.5%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.5% 2.5% (tailing). Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Triturated with hot MeOH:H ₂ O (~1:1), cooled to room temperature, filtered off, dissolved in DCM and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives a dark red solid, 231 mg (89% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C ₅₀ H ₃₅ BCl ₂ F ₂ N ₂ O ₄ (M+H) = 847; found: 847. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 7.90 – 7.76 (m, 4H), 7.57 – 7.37 (m, 4H), 6.94 – 6.89 (m, 6H), 6.88 – 6.81 (m, 4H), 6.44 (s, 2H), 6.20 (d, J = 0.9 Hz, 2H), 4.85 (s, 4H), 2.07 (s, 6H), 1.78 (s, 3H). Synthesis Procedure of Compound SD-13 Compound SD-13: (3,7-bis(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-10-(2,6-dichloro-4-methylphen yl)-5,5-difluoro-1,9- diphenyl-5H-4l4,5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazabori nine): 2-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrole (compound SD-11.1, made in a similar fashion as SD-6.5) (1.000 mmol, 275 mg) and 2,6-dichloro-4-methylbenzaldehyde (0.5000 mmol, 88 mg) were dissolved in dry DCE (25 mL) and stirred at 50 ° C. The reaction mixture was treated with pTsOH.H2O (0.1000 mmol, 19 mg) and stirred at 50 ° C under argon for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and treated with DDQ (1.000 mmol, 227 mg) and stirring continued at room temperature for 10 minutes. Et3N (4.000 mmol, 0.56 mL), and BF3.OEt2 (6.000 mmol, 0.74 mL) were added to the reaction. The addition of Et ₃ N (4.000 mmol, 0.56 mL), and BF ₃ .OEt ₂ (6.000 mmol, 0.74 mL) was repeated and the reaction mixture was stirred for one hour at 50 ° C. The temperature was increased to 65 ° C, at which point LCMS showed the reaction was done. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 ° C and treated with 10 mL H2O and stirred for ~5 minutes. The reaction mixture was filtered through a polypropylene frit to retain the H2O layer, washing with DCM until no BODIPY eluted. The eluent was directed onto a 15g plug of silica gel. The eluent of this plug was evaporated to dryness in vacuo and evaporated onto ~15g of flash silica gel in vacuo and packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (80g, 0% acetone/hexane 5% (5 CV), stop at 1.5%, 1.8%, then back to 1.6%. Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives a dark red solid, 175 mg (46% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C ₄₈ H ₄₃ BCl ₂ F ₂ N ₂ (M+H) = 767; found: 767.1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 8.00 – 7.89 (m, 4H), 7.07 – 6.99 (m, 4H), 6.98 – 6.85 (m, 6H), 6.57 – 6.44 (m, 5H), 1.38 (s, 18H). Synthesis Procedure of Compound SD-14 Compound 14.1: (Prop-2-yn-1-yl pivalate): Propargyl alcohol (50.00 mmol, 2.98 mL) was dissolved in dry DCE (50 mL) and stirred under argon. To the reaction was added pivalic anhydride (60.00 mmol, 12.2 mL) and DMAP (100.0 mmol, 12.220 g). The reaction mixture was heated to 50° C and stirred at this temperature for 60 minutes. The crude reaction mixture was evaporated onto ~45 g of flash silica gel in vacuo and packed into a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (120g, 0% EtOAc/hexanes (2 CV) ^ 40% (10 CV)). Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives a light yellow oil, 3.254 g (46% yield). No MS signal.1H NMR (400 MHz, Acetone) δ 4.69 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 2H), 2.99 (t, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 1.19 (s, 9H). Compound SD-14: (((10-(2,6-dichloro-4-methylphenyl)-5,5-difluoro-1,9-dipheny l-5H-4l4,5l4- dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazaborinine-3,7-diyl)bis(4, 1-phenylene))bis(prop-2-yne-3,1-diyl) bis(2,2-dimethylpropanoate)): Compound SD-14 was synthesized from compound SD-12.1 (0.6432 mmol, 523 mg), compound SD-14.1 (2.573 mmol, 361 mg), CuI (0.06432 mmol, 12 mg), and Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₂ Cl ₂ (0.06432 mmol, 45 mg) in 25 mL Et3N at 100 °C for ~16h in a manner similar to Compound 1725-61. Worked up in a similar manner as well. The crude product was dissolved in tol/hexane and loaded onto ~15g of flash silica gel in a loader. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (120g, 0% EtOAc/hexanes (2 50% (10 CV), stop at 15.0%. Collected 3 peaks, first peak is unreacted starting material, 2nd peak is mono, 3rd peak is product. Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives a dark red solid, 96 mg (16% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C56H47BCl2F2N2O4 (M+H) = 931; found: 931.1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 8.01 – 7.88 (m, 4H), 7.62 – 7.46 (m, 4H), 7.00 (dt, J = 7.3, 1.6 Hz, 6H), 6.97 – 6.91 (m, 4H), 6.52 (s, 2H), 6.33 – 6.24 (m, 2H), 4.93 (s, 4H), 1.87 (s, 3H), 1.27 (s, 18H). A mixture of compound SD-10 (50 mg, 0.062 mmol), BF3-EtO (17 mg, 0.12 mmol), TMS-CN (0.119 g, 1.2 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (4 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hour. To the resulted mixture, 10 mL of 5% Na2CO3 aqueous solution was added and stirred for 5 min, then filtered through polypropene filtration funnel. The organic solution was collected and loaded on silica gel, then purified by flash chromatography using eluents of DCM/ethyl acetate (0% to 5% ethyl acetate). The main fraction was collected, removal of solvents gave a solid which was further purified by reprecipitation in MeOH/H2O to give a dark solid (20 mg, in 40% yield). LCMS 9APCI-): calcd for C54H41BN4O4 = 820.32; found: 820. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 7.72 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H), 7.53 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 4H), 6.91 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 6.80 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 4H), 6.67 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 4H), 6.42 (s, 2H), 5.96 (s, 2H), 4.84 (s, 4H), 2.06 (s, 6H), 1.89 (s, 5H), 1.80 (s, 3H). Synthesis Procedure of Compound SD-16

A mixture of compound SD-27 (vide infra, 190 mg, 0.228 mmol), BF3-EtO (0.142 g, 1.0 mmol), TMS-CN (0.435 g, 4.4 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hour. To the resulted mixture, 10 mL of 5% Na2CO3 aqueous solution was added and stirred for 5 min, then filtered through polypropene filtration funnel. The organic solution was collected and loaded on silica gel, then purified by flash chromatography using eluents of DCM/ethyl acetate (0% to 10% ethyl acetate). The main fraction was collected, removal of solvents gave a solid which was further purified by reprecipitation in MeOH/H2O to give a dark solid (60 mg, in 30% yield). LCMS 9APCI-): calcd for C51H33BCl2N4O4 = 846.20; found: 846. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 7.83 – 7.67 (m, 4H), 7.61 – 7.47 (m, 4H), 6.91 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 10H), 6.52 – 6.37 (m, 5H), 4.84 (s, 4H), 2.07 (s, 6H). Synthesis Procedure of Compound SD-17 2 Compound SD-17.1 (enone compound): To a solution of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (1.21 g, 5 mmol), 4’- methoxyacetophenone (0.75 g, 5 mmol) in 10 mL ethanol, was added NaOH aqueous solution (0.5 g in 5 mL water) precooled by ice-bath. The resulted mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 min, and white precipitate was observed. To the mixture, 5 mL water was added, and stirred for additional 10 min. the resulted suspension was filtered; and white solid was obtained after dried in air (1.38 g, in 74% yield). ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, d2-TCE) δ 8.02 – 7.94 (m, 4H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.71 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 6.98 – 6.91 (m, 2H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 2H). Compound SD-17.2 (nitro compound): A mixture of compound SD-17.1 (4.233 g, 11.3 mmol), nitromethane (10 mL, 186 mmol) and KOH (150 mg, 2.68 mmol) was sparged with argon for 10 min, then heated at 70 ºC for 30 min. The resulted mixture was poured into 300 mL water, extracted with EA. The organic phase was collected, dried over MgSO ₄ , then removal of solvents gave a liquid (5.21 g, in quantitively yield). LCMS (APCI+): Calcd for C19H16F6NO4: 436.09 (M+H); Found: 436. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, d2-TCE) δ 7.87 – 7.78 (m, 2H), 7.78 – 7.66 (m, 3H), 6.91 – 6.82 (m, 2H), 4.84 (dd, J = 13.2, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (dd, J = 13.2, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.33 – 4.22 (m, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.34 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H). Compound SD-17.3 (pyrrole compound): To a solution of compound SD-17.2 (11 mmol), in 80 mL THF/50 mL MeOH, was added KOH powder (1.23 g, 22 mmol) at 0 ºC. the mixture was stirred at 0 ºC for 10 min, then transferred into an additional funnel. The solution was added dropwise into a solution of methanol (50 mL) with 12 mL conc. H2SO4 at 0 ºC over a period of one hour. The resulted mixture was stirred at 0 ºC for additional hour, then poured into 300 g ice. The mixture was extracted with EA (200 mL x 2). The organic phase was collected, washed with brine, dried over MgSO4. After filtered off solid, the solvents were removed under reduced pressure to give a liquid (4.5 g, in 90% yield), which was submitted to next step without further purification. LCMS (APCI-): Calcd for C21H19F6O4: 449.13 (M-H); Found: 449. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, d2-TCE) δ 7.86 – 7.81 (m, 2H), 7.75 – 7.70 (m, 2H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 6.87 – 6.82 (m, 2H), 4.35 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.77 – 3.71 (m, 1H), 3.49 (dd, J = 17.8, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H). A mixture of the crude product (10 mmol), NH ₄ OAc (3.85 g, 50 mmol) in acetic acid (20 mL) was heated at 100 ºC for 5 hours. The resulted mixture was poured into 300 mL water, extracted with EA (200 mL), washed with brine, dried loaded on silica gel, and purified with flash chromatography using eluents of hexanes/DCM (0% to 50% DCM). The main peak was collected, and the solvents were removed to give a bluish solid (2.5 g, in 65% yield). LCMS (APCI+): Calcd for C19H14F6NO: 386.09 (M+H); Found: 386. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, d2-TCE) δ 8.49 (s, 1H), 7.87 (s, 2H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.44 – 7.37 (m, 2H), 7.19 – 7.13 (m, 1H), 6.93 – 6.85 (m, 2H), 6.69 – 6.64 (m, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H). Compound SD-17.4 (difluoroborinine compound): Step 1: A mixture of compound SD-17.3 (0.524 g, 1.36 mmol), 2,4,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (0.101 g, 0.68 mmol) in 25 mL DCE with 0.05 g TsOH as catalyst, was degassed and heated at 60 ºC overnight. LCMS analysis indicates that the reaction completed with one main peak of m/e ⁺ = 901. Step 2: To the resulted mixture above, DDQ (0.22 g, 0.97 mmol) was added and stirred at room temperature for 30 min. LCMA analysis indicates there is one main peak with m/e- = 898. Step 3: To the solution above, TEA (1.0 mL), BF3-Et2O (2 mL) was added, then heated at 50 ºC for one hour. The resulted mixture was diluted with DCM (200 mL), washed with water, then loaded on silica gel and purified by flash chromatography using eluents of hexanes/DCM (0% to 50 % DCM). The desired peak was collected, and removal of solvents gave a blue solid (400mg, in 62% yield). LCMS (APCI-): Calcd for C48H33BF14N2O2: 936.24; Found: 946. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, d2-TCE) δ 7.89 – 7.83 (m, 4H), 7.38 (s, 2H), 7.21 – 7.16 (m, 4H), 6.97 – 6.91 (m, 4H), 6.46 (s, 2H), 5.94 (s, 2H), 3.81 (s, 6H), 1.92 (s, 6H), 1.69 (s, 3H). Compound SD-17 (dicyanoborinine compound): A mixture of compound SD-17.4 (120 mg, 0.127 mmol), BF3-EtO (0.09 g, 0.63 mmol), TMS-CN (0.252 g, 2.5 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for one hour. To the resulted mixture, 10 mL of 5% Na2CO3 aqueous solution was added and stirred for 5 min, then filtered through polypropene filtration funnel. The organic solution was collected and loaded on silica gel, then purified by flash chromatography using eluents of DCM/ethyl acetate (0% to 10% ethyl acetate). The main fraction was collected, removal of solvents gave a solid which was further purified by reprecipitation in MeOH/H2O to give a dark solid (90 mg, in 74% yield). LCMS 9APCI-): calcd for C50H33BF12N4O2 = 960.25; found: 960. ¹ H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 7.77 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 4H), 7.42 (s, 2H), 7.19 (s, 4H), 6.99 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 4H), 6.51 (s, 2H), 5.99 (s, 2H), 3.82 (s, 6H), 1.93 (s, 6H), 1.72 (s, 3H). Synthesis Procedure of Compound SD-18 Compound SD-18 (((5,5-dicyano-10-(2,6-dichloro-4-methylphenyl)-1,9-diphenyl -5H-4l4,5l4- dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazaborinine-3,7-diyl)bis(4, 1-phenylene))bis(prop-2-yne-3,1-diyl) diacetate): Compound SD-18 was synthesized from compound SD-12 (difluoroborinine compound) (0.1350 mmol, 114 mg), TMS-CN (2.700 mmol, 0.34 mL) and BF3.OEt2 (0.2025 mmol, 0.025 mL) in a manner similar to Compound 1725-68, except stir at room temperature only. The reaction mixture was worked up in a similar manner. Purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (80g, 0% a stop at 5.2%, 6.5%, back to 6.0%, 7.0%, 7.5%, 8.2%, 9.0%, 9.5%, 10.5%, 12.0%, 14.0%, 16.0%, 17.0%, 17.5%, 18.0%. Collection fractions that elute around ~17-18%. Fractions containing product were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Gives a dark red solid, 93 mg (80% yield). MS (APCI): calculated for Chemical Formula: C ₅₂ H ₃₅ BCl ₂ N ₄ O ₄ (M+H) = 861; found: 861.1H NMR (400 MHz, TCE) δ 7.91 – 7.74 (m, 4H), 7.69 – 7.51 (m, 4H), 7.10 – 6.89 (m, 11H), 6.54 (s, 2H), 6.33 (s, 2H), 4.93 (s, 4H), 2.16 (s, 6H), 1.89 (s, 3H). Preparation of polymer solution 25% PMMA polymer solution preparation Weigh 30 g PMMA polymer (grade unknown), add into a 250 mL glass jar. Use volumetric cylinder to measure 90 mL cyclopentanone or Toluene and add into same glass jar. Stir the solution with a stir bar on a stir station and heat at 50 ºC until fully dissolved. Preparation of dye-polymer solution 0.2mg FD-1, 0.16mg compound SD-3 and 150mg silicone particle (TSR9000, momentive). To the solution, add to 4mL of 25% PMMA solution. Rigorously mix solution by vortex for 1 minutes, followed by 15 minutes sonication, then stir on stir plate with mild speed. Film fabrication Individual dye-polymer film Basic optical property was evaluated based on a dye-polymer film. Dye with proper weight was dissolved in to 3 mL above 25% PMMA/Toluene solution to make a 2 mmol/L dye-polymer solution. The solution was rigorously mixed by vortex for 1 minutes, followed by 15 minutes sonication. Several 1’’x1’’ glass substrates were cleaned with soap water and air blown to dry. The glass substrate was then placed on spin coater holder and the dye-polymer solution was poured onto the glass substrate. Spin coat the film with a spin speed set to 1000 RPM for 20 seconds. Wet coating film was then dried at room temperature for 1 hour and heated at 130 ºC for 30 minutes. Green and red dye-polymer film In order to convert blue light to white light mixing with R, G, B color, both the green dye and the red dye were mixed into one film. Clean a 2’’x2’’ glass substrate with soap water and air blow to dry. The glass substrate was then placed on a spin coater holder and the dye-polymer solution was poured on the glass substrate. Spin coat the film with a spin speed set to 1000 RPM. Wet coating film was then dry at room temperature for 1 hour and heat at 130 ºC for 30 minutes. Once the film is dry, separate film from glass by immerse in water for 5 minutes. Additional examples of films were made with varying the weight of the first photoluminescent dye, the second photoluminescent dye, the scattering particles, and/or polymer matrix materials as set forth in the Table 1 below. Table 1 Characterization of dye compound Absorption and emission spectra Absorbance and emission spectra of individual dye in polymer film were measured by UV-vis (Shimadzu uv-vis 3600 spectrophotometer) and Fluorolog 3 (Horiba) respectively. Dye absolute quantum yield Absolut quantum yield of the dye film was measured by Absolute PL quantum yield spectrometer C11347 (Hamamatsu) at wavelength 450nm. Characterization of blue light conversion WLC film External quantum yield of WLC film on LED backlight device The external quantum yield and other optical characteristics of WLC film on LED backlight display application were tested using the test apparatus configured as set forth in FIG. 4. BEF stands for brightness enhancement film, Vikuiti BEF (3M). DBEF is polarizer/enhancement film (3M). A blue LED edge lit backlight was part of a kindle device. MCPD stands for multi-channel photon detection (MCPD-9800, Otsuka Electronics) EQE is calculated based on equation: Color gamut – BT.2020 ratio Color gamut is certain complete subset of colors. It can be represented by a triangle inside a chromaticity diagram. Three corners of the triangle are primary colors. More color a display is capable to show the large the area of the triangle will be, therefore wider gamut. BT.2020 is a gamut standard for UHD projectors and televisions recommended by ITU (International Telecommunication Union). Optical spectra measured by setup described in FIG. 4 was converted to the color gamut triangle in the CIE1931 chromaticity diagram, and triangle area was then estimated and divided by area of triangle of BT.2020 to obtain BT.2020 ratio mentioned here. The larger the ratio, the wider the color gamut of the WLC film. In order to fulfill wide color gamut, each primary color emission spectra shape should be as narrow as possible. Narrow spectra shape can be characterized as small FWHM of emission spectra. Comparative examples Table 2 below identifies comparative Examples 1 and 2 which are examples disclosed in U.S. Patent Application 63/001,924. As can be seen in Table 2, Example 1 has large color gamut (94% BT.2020 ratio), however the FWHM of its red emission spectra is 68nm, not too narrow. Example 2 gives a narrower FWHM of red emission spectra at the cost of smaller color gamut (88% BT.2020 ratio). Table 2 Examples Films in both the examples list in Table 4 below and the comparative examples listed in Table 2 above were fabricated by the method described in the section above titled “Film fabrication.” Examples 3 thru 16 of Table 5 were produced using the dyes identified in Table 3 and Table 4. All green color emitting dyes appeared have a FWHM of less than 25 nm, and most red color emitting dyes have a FWHM of less than 44 nm. All dyes have an internal quantum yield greater than 80%, some have greater than 95% quantum yield. Permeance of these Examples 3 thru 16 of Table 5 were evaluated by the method described in the section above titled “Characterization of blue light conversion WLC film.” The majority of the examples show an EQE greater than 51%, an average increase of 10% compared to the comparative examples of Table 2. This is mainly contributed by the internal quantum yield of the dyes in Table 3 and Table 4. In addition, all films have a FWHM of green emission spectra less than 33 nm, and a FWHM of red emission spectra less than 63 nm, and a BT.2020 ratio greater than 88%. Table 3 Table 4 Table 5