TECHNICAL FIELD

The disclosure relates to a hydraulic power industry, namely, to hydraulic turbines (hydro turbines), particularly to helical and Pelton-type turbines, and it may be used to convert a water kinetic energy into a mechanical rotational movement followed by generation of an electric energy, thereby enabling living beings to migrate safely.

BACKGROUND

The closest analogue of the proposed disclosure is a hydro turbine comprising a housing, a rotor, a stator, blades (the Kaplan turbine, https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/riiipaBjiiMHa_Typ6iHa). The rotor of the known hydro turbine is connected thereto via a shaft, thereby providing a reduction of a rotational momentum of the hydro turbine upon entering of a water flow therein, the blades are secured to an axial member of the hydro turbine and oriented towards a centrifugal direction relative thereto.

Drawbacks of the known hydro turbine reside in a mandatory high speed and pressure of the water in order to provide the rotational movement thereof. In order to increase the pressure, it becomes necessary to build artificial water bodies near a hydroelectric power station (HPS), thereby leading to flooding of territories located nearby the HPS which destroys the ecosystem. Upon reduction of the speed and pressure of the water, the known hydro turbine operates insufficiently effective, thereby making the operation of the HPSs on which the known hydro turbine is used impossible. That is, the known hydro turbine generally is not sufficiently effective and reliable. Furthermore, living beings come to the hydro turbine through a structure of the known hydro turbine during its usage together with a pressurized water and at a high speed, thereby leading to their injuries and death via hits against the rotating blades, thereby generally making a safe migration of the living beings through the known hydro turbine impossible and leading to their depopulation.

SUMMARY

A technical task of the proposed disclosure is to create a spiral and Pelton-type turbine, wherein its novel structural arrangement increases efficiency, reliability of the hydro turbine, and provides the safe migration of the living beings therethrough.

The posed task is solved by the fact that in a spiral and Pelton-type turbine comprising a housing, a rotor, a stator, blades, according to the disclosure, each of the blades is secured with one side to an inner surface of the housing and has a free side, the blades are arranged along the housing and oriented towards a central axis of the housing, an opening along the central axis of the housing is formed between the free sides of the blades, the rotor is arranged on an outer surface of the housing.

In one of embodiments, the spiral and Pelton-type turbine further comprises a grid that separates the blades on the free sides from the opening along the central axis of the housing.

In a preferable embodiment, the housing of the spiral and Pelton-type turbine is connected to at least one tube, and a hub for connecting the housing to the tube is further comprised.

The securing of each of the blades with one side to the inner surface of the housing, the presence of the free side, the arrangement of the blades along the housing and their orientation towards the central axis of the housing lead to a reduction of the required speed and pressure of the water on the blade in order to cause a rotational movement of the proposed hydro turbine which generally increases its efficiency and reliability.

Besides, such arrangement of the blades leads to formation of the opening along the central axis of the housing between the free sides of the blades. The formation of such opening in the proposed hydro turbine allows the living beings to migrate therethrough safely, without injuries and death.

The arrangement of the rotor on the outer surface of the housing leads to freeing a space within the housing and enables to arrange the blades therein in a longitudinal fashion to form the opening, thereby generally increasing the efficiency, reliability of the proposed hydro turbine and allows the living beings to migrate therethrough safely.

The presence of the grid, in one of embodiments, that separates the blades on the free sides from the opening along the central axis of the housing provides an additional protection of the living beings from entering an area of the blades during migration through the hydro turbine.

The connection of the housing to the tube via the hub, in the preferable embodiment, in order to couple the housing to the tube avoids a leakage of the water and provides a sealing of the securing of the tube to the housing, thereby generally increasing the reliability and efficiency of the proposed hydro turbine.

Therefore, the proposed spiral and Pelton-type turbine has the increased efficiency, reliability, and enables the living beings to migrate therethrough safely.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The disclosure is explained hereinafter by a detailed description of its structure with a reference to the appended drawings:

- Fig. 1 depicts a general view of the spiral and Pelton-type turbine;

- Fig. 2 depicts a side view of the spiral and Pelton-type turbine; - Fig. 3 depicts a longitudinal section of the spiral and Pelton-type turbine.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT

The spiral and Pelton-type turbine (Fig. 1-3) comprises a housing (1) that preferably has a shape of a tube with openings for securing the blades. An optimal height of the housing (1) is between 10 and 300 cm, a diameter is between 6 and 200 cm.

A rotor (2) is secured to an outer surface of the housing (1) with a stator (3) being secured in an immovable position thereon.

Blades (4) are secured to an inner surface along the housing (1), the blades advantageously have a shape of an elongated spiral and have a bucket at an end. Each of the blades (4) is secured to the housing (1) with one side (5) in several places, wherein a number of securing points depends on sizes of the blade (4), and a width and a height of each of the blades (4) depend on sizes of the housing (1), respectively.

Therewith, another side of each blade (4) remains as a free side (6) and is oriented towards the central axis of the housing (1).

Such arrangement enables to reduce the water pressure and speed required to perform the rotational movement of the blades, thereby allowing to use the proposed hydro turbine effectively and reliably in any water bodies at any water level as compared to known hydro turbines which stop to operate effectively upon a significant reduction of the water level, pressure, and speed.

An opening (7) along a central axis of the housing (1) is formed between the free sides (6) of the blades (4) due to their arrangement.

Living beings which enter the hydro turbine together with the water are able to migrate safely through the formed opening (7) as compared to the known hydro turbines, where the living beings come under pressure and at a high speed to the blades, thereby leading to their injuring and death.

The proposed spiral and Pelton-type turbine may further comprise a grid (8) that separates the blades (4) on the free sides (6) from the opening (7) along the central axis of the housing (1), thereby providing an additional protection of the living beings from entering an area of the rotating blades (4). In one of embodiments, the grid may be narrowed at a small angle to a center in order to direct the travel of the living beings.

In the preferable embodiment, the proposed spiral and Pelton-type turbine is connected to at least one tube (9), see Fig. 2-3. There may be several such tube, which together form a water supply system and preferably narrow to the hydro turbine in order to increase the water speed.

Preferably, the proposed hydro turbine additionally comprises a hub (10) (see Fig. 2-3) to couple the housing (1) to the at least one tube (9) in order to avoid a leakage of the water when connecting the housing (1) to the at least one tube (9) that represents the water supply system and in order to provide a sealing of such connection in general.

Therefore, the proposed spiral and Pelton-type turbine has the increased efficiency, reliability, and enables the living beings to migrate therethrough safely.

The claimed disclosure is simple to manufacture, convenient, and effective in use, and it may be widely used in industry in conditions of large-scale and individual production, as well as it may be widely used at HPSs in any water bodies.