TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to at least one piston mechanism comprising at least one inner pipe and at least one external pipe that are telescopically engaged, at least one external chamber defined between said inner pipe and said external pipe for placing hydraulic liquid therein, and at least one inner chamber defined inside said inner pipe, at least one piston arm which can be at least partially actuated inside said inner chamber, at least one first valve group positioned on said piston arm for enabling delimited passage in case hydraulic liquid is compressed in the inner chamber, at least one second valve group for enabling delimited passage in case hydraulic liquid is compressed by being positioned between the inner chamber and the external chamber.

PRIOR ART

Pistons, namely, shock absorbers are elements used for reducing intensity and effect of vibrations which occur during operation in vehicles. Pistons show resistance which is reverse to the movement direction and which is proportional with speed. Thus, pistons transform the energy, which creates vibration, into heat and absorb said energy. Piston can be used primarily in vehicles and in any kind of pulsed operating machines (textile machines, presses, construction machines, lifting machines, etc.).

Today, motorized vehicles comprise elements designed in different forms in order to meet the expectations of users like comfort, driving comfort, safety. Pistons have an important place among these elements. Hardness levels of pistons is effective in road gripping of vehicles, driving comfort and transfer of the deteriorations on the road to vehicle. Hardness of pistons increases road gripping of vehicle and steering wheel handling while decreasing voyaging comfort. In the opposite case, softness of pistons leads to feeling of the vibrations by the driver on rugged roads and decrease the voyaging comfort.

The application no CN103953676A known in the literature relates to a hydraulic damper. In the pistons known in the present art, sleeve structures in pistons which provide secondary dampening are known. It is also known that there is a valve group at the end of the piston shaft at the part which enters these sleeve structures which exist in the present art. In the present art, these valve groups enable discharge of the fluid compressed inside the sleeve. However, these valves known in the present art may be subjected to deformation in case of instant force loads. Washers which exist on the valve group may be plastically deformed and may prevent realization of the desired tightening inside the sleeve. In this case, the performance expected from the piston cannot be obtained, and change with a new one is needed.

As a result, because of the abovementioned problems, an improvement is required in the related technical field.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a piston mechanism, for eliminating the abovementioned disadvantages and for bringing new advantages to the related technical field.

An object of the present invention is to provide a piston mechanism with improved dampening characteristic.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a piston mechanism which enables secondary dampening.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a piston mechanism that does not need extra valve while realizing secondary dampening.

In order to realize the abovementioned objects and the objects which are to be deducted from the detailed description below, the present invention is at least one piston mechanism comprising at least one inner pipe and at least one external pipe that are telescopically engaged, at least one external chamber defined between said inner pipe and said external pipe for placing hydraulic liquid therein, and at least one inner chamber defined inside said inner pipe, at least one piston arm which can be at least partially actuated inside said inner chamber, at least one first valve group positioned on said piston arm for enabling delimited passage in case hydraulic liquid is compressed in the inner chamber, at least one second valve group for enabling delimited passage in case hydraulic liquid is compressed by being positioned between the inner chamber and the external chamber. Accordingly, the improvement of the present invention is that the subject matter piston mechanism comprises at least one dampening arm positioned at the side of the piston arm which faces the inner chamber for dampening the instant force loadings and which can move together with the piston arm, at least one sleeve which has an inner gap wherein said dampening arm can at least partially enter by moving said dampening arm, at least one dampening unit for enabling hydraulic liquid passage in a limited manner depending on the movement of the dampening arm in the inner gap of said sleeve, said dampening unit comprises a support part positioned in a fixed manner on the dampening arm and which has at least one second support part in a manner realizing protrusion outwardly from the dampening arm, and a control element which has at least one flow path thereon enabling fluid passage and positioned at the side of said support part which faces the sleeve, and said control element has movement freedom in a manner resting to the support part while the dampening arm enters the sleeve and in a manner moving away from the support part while the dampening arm is removed from the sleeve. Thus, in case the piston mechanism is subject to force loadings which are instant and which are over the ordinary level, the desired dampening performance is provided.

In a possible embodiment of the present invention, in order to rest the control element to the support part in the dampening unit, at least one spring is provided at the side of the control element which faces the sleeve. Thus, force adjustment needed for resting of the control element to the support part is realized by means of the spring.

In another possible embodiment of the present invention, at least one adjustment element is provided in order to keep the control element on the dampening arm in the dampening unit and in order to adjust the pressure amount of said spring. Thus, the amount of pressure to be applied by the spring to the control element can be adjusted.

In another possible embodiment of the present invention, the spring is finger spring or conical spring. Thus, in case a load is exerted to the spring in a repetitive manner, the same dampening can be realized by the spring.

In another possible embodiment of the present invention, the support part comprises at least one first support part for holding the support part at the dampening arm. Thus, the support part can be assembled at the dampening arm in a fixed manner.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

In Figure 1a, a representative partial cross-sectional view of the subject matter piston mechanism, which is in the first position, is given. In Figure 1 b, a representative cross-sectional view of the subject matter piston mechanism, which is in the first position, is given.

In Figure 2a, a representative partial cross-sectional view of the subject matter piston mechanism, which is in the second position, is given.

In Figure 2b, a representative cross-sectional view of the subject matter piston mechanism, which is in the second position, is given.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In this detailed description, the subject matter is explained with references to examples without forming any restrictive effect only in order to make the subject more understandable.

The invention relates to a piston mechanism (10). The subject matter piston mechanism (10) is the mechanism which at least partially realizes dampening between a first side (T1 ) and a second side (T2) between which said piston mechanism (10) is positioned during operation. At least one of the first side (T1 ) and the second side (T2), where the piston mechanism (10) is connected, can be movable. Force is dampened between the two sides by means of the piston mechanism (10). In a possible embodiment of the present invention, the piston mechanism (10) is positioned on vehicles. In vehicles, the first side (T1) is the vehicle body and the second side (T2) is the vehicle wheel. By means of this, dampening is provided between the vehicle body and vehicle wheel. However, the piston mechanism (10) is not delimited with this, and can be used in different areas like textile machines, presses, construction machines, lifting machines, etc.

The subject matter piston mechanism (10) has an inner pipe (11) and an external pipe (13) that are telescopically engaged. The inner part of the inner pipe (11 ) is defined as an inner chamber (12) and the part which remains between the inner pipe (11) and the external pipe (13) is defined as an external chamber (14). The inner chamber (12) and the external chamber (14) are associated with each other and there is hydraulic liquid therein. Hydraulic liquid enables dampening in the piston mechanism (10). There is a piston arm (20) which extends from one side of the inner pipe (11) towards the inner chamber (12). Said piston arm (20) can at least partially move along the inner chamber (12). There is a first valve group (V1 ) provided in the vicinity of the end of the piston arm (20) which remains inside the inner pipe (11). Said first valve group (V1) is configured to realize dampening during fluid carriage inside the inner chamber (12). During operation of the piston mechanism (10), controlled liquid passage is enabled between the mutual sides of the inner chamber (12) divided by the first valve group (V1). In case one of the first side (T1) or the second side (T2) is approached-diverged from the other one in the piston mechanism (10), fluid passage inside the inner chamber (12) is controlled by means of the first valve group (V1 ). Moreover, there is at least one second valve group (V2) in the vicinity of the end of the inner pipe (11 ) which faces the piston arm (20). Said second valve group (V2) arranges fluid passage between the inner chamber (12) and the external chamber (14). Hydraulic liquid is carried from the inner chamber (12) to the external chamber (14) depending on the compression amount in the piston mechanism (10). Carrying of this liquid is controlled by the second valve group (V2) in the piston mechanism (10). In case of reverse movement, liquid passage from the external chamber (14) to the inner chamber (12) is realized in a controlled manner by means of the second valve group (V2).

In Figure 1 a and 1 b, one each representative cross-sectional views of the subject matter piston mechanism (10), which is in the first position (I), are given. Said first position (I) is the position where there is no load exerted onto the piston mechanism (10). Accordingly, the subject matter piston mechanism (10) is configured to realize secondary dampening. The secondary dampening is realized in case there is instant and extraordinary force exerted to the piston mechanism (10). For providing this, there is at least one sleeve (30) in the vicinity of the second valve group (V2) in the piston mechanism (10). Said sleeve (30) is formed so as to have an inner gap (31 ). The sleeve (30) is preferably in the form of a vessel which has cylindrical shape and which has closed bottom. There is at least one dampening arm (21) on the piston arm (20) correspondingly to said sleeve (30). Said dampening arm (21 ) is positioned at the side of the piston arm (20) which faces the sleeve (30). The dampening arm (21) is dimensioned so as to be able to enter and remove from the sleeve (30). In order for the dampening arm (21 ) to be able to enter and remove from the sleeve (30), there is at least one opening (32) at the side of the sleeve (30) which faces the piston arm (20). Said opening (32) is dimensioned such that the dampening arm (21) can pass through it. Additionally, there is at least one sidewall (33), which protrudes outwardly from the center of the opening (32), at the edges of the opening (32). Said sidewall (33) facilitates linear entering and removing of the dampening arm into/from the sleeve (30).

In Figure 2a and 2b, one each representative cross-sectional views of the subject matter piston mechanism (10), which is in the second position (II), are given. In said second position (II), instant and extraordinary force has been exerted to the piston mechanism (10). Accordingly, the sleeve (30) is configured such that hydraulic liquid can be filled into and discharged from the inner gap (31) existing therein. For providing this, there is at least one dampening unit (22) on the dampening arm (21). Said dampening unit (22) is configured to be at least partially movable together with the dampening arm (21) inside the sleeve (30). The dampening unit (22) controls the passage of hydraulic liquid which fills into the inner gap (31) which exists in the sleeve (30). By means of this, secondary dampening can be realized on the piston mechanism (10).

There is at least one control element (24) and at least one support part (23) at the dampening unit (22). Said support part (23) is positioned in a fixed manner on the dampening arm (21 ). The support part (23) essentially has a cylindrical L form. At the cylindrical L form of the support part (23); there is a first support part (231) and a second support part (232). Said first support part (231) is the part which encircles the dampening arm (21 ) and which fixes the support part (23) to the dampening arm (21). This fixation process can be realized by means of various joining methods known in the art. Said second support part (232) is positioned at the continuation of the first support part (231 ) and protrudes outwardly from the dampening arm (21).

There is at least one control element (24) at the dampening unit (22). Said control element (24) is positioned on the dampening arm (21) at the side of the dampening arm (21 ) which faces the sleeve (30). The control element (24) can move at least partially in the direction of extension of the dampening arm (21 ). There is at least one flow path (241 ) on the control element (24). Said flow path (241 ) is an opening provided on the control element (24). In a possible embodiment of the present invention, said flow path (241) has cylindrical shape and provided in pluralities of numbers on the control element (24). The passage of the fluid, compressed inside the sleeve (30), is provided to the inner chamber (12) through between the inner wall of the sleeve (30) and the control element (24). In the opposite movement, the fluid, which exists in the inner chamber (12), is carried to the sleeve (30) by means of the flow path (241).

The flow path (241) is configured to be at least partially covered while being passed from the first position (I) to the second position (II). Therefore, in case a load is exerted onto the piston arm (20), the dampening arm (21) tries to enter into the sleeve (30). During this process, the control element (24) which exists on the dampening unit (22) is rested onto the support part (23) depending on compression of the fluid which exists in the sleeve (30). The second support part (232) of the support part (23) covers the flow path (241 ). By means of this, the passage of fluid, which exists in the sleeve (30), is delimited and secondary dampening is realized. In case the piston mechanism (10) is passed from the second position (II) to the first position (I), the control element (24) moves away from the support part (23) by means of the vacuum effect which will occur inside the sleeve (30). By means of this, the flow path (241 ), which exists on the control element (24), moves away from the support part (23) and facilitates fluid passage into the sleeve (30).

There is at least one spring (25) and at least one adjustment element (26) at the dampening unit (22). Said spring (25) is positioned at the side of the control element (24) which faces the sleeve (30) on the dampening arm (24). In a possible embodiment of the present invention, the spring (25) can be a finger spring or conical spring. The spring (25) is rested onto the control element by being supported by said adjustment element (26). The adjustment element (26) is positioned at the end of the dampening arm (21) and is rotated around itself and enables changing of the load exerted by the spring (25) to the control element (24). Therefore, in a possible embodiment of the present invention, the adjustment element (26) can be a nut. The threads which exist on the dampening arm (21 ) are rotated by means of the threads which exist at the inner part of the nut, and thereby, the adjustment element (26) can be positioned. The amount of load, needed for positioning the flow path (241 ) and the support part (23) with respect to each other, can be adjusted by means of the spring (25), and a controlled dampening can be realized.

In a possible usage of the present invention, the piston mechanism (10) is kept at the first position (I) as in Figure 1 a and 1b. While the piston mechanism (10) is in this position, the dampening arm (21) is positioned outside the sleeve (30). In cases where high force loading is not exerted to the piston mechanism (10), the piston mechanism (10) can operate at the first position (I) continuously. Therefore, the fluid is transferred directly to the second valve group (V2) without being compressed inside the sleeve (30). In case of instant load exertion, the piston mechanism (10) passes to the second position (II) as in Figure 2a and 2b. At said second position (II), instant and extraordinary force has been exerted to the piston mechanism (10). When one of the first side (T1) and the second side (T2) is approached towards the other one at the piston mechanism (10), passage from the first position (I) to the second position (II) occurs. The reason for this approach is that the piston mechanism (10) is subject to undesired vibrations at the location where it is used. While the piston mechanism (10) passes from the first position (I) to the second position (II), first of all, the hydraulic liquid which exists in the inner chamber (12) is compressed and tries to stop the piston arm (20). However, if the load exerted to the piston arm (20) is excessive, the dampening arm (21) pushes the dampening unit (22) into the sleeve (30). In this case, the hydraulic liquid which exists in the inner gap (31 ) of the sleeve (30) rests the control element (24) to the support part (23). Afterwards, the flow path (241) is covered by the support part (23) in the dampening unit (22) and hydraulic fluid passage is provided in a limited manner. During these movements, the second valve group (V2) provides hydraulic liquid passage from the inner chamber (12) to the external chamber (14) in a limited manner. In case the load, exerted onto the piston mechanism (10), is removed, the valve groups enable backward fluid movement, and a return to the first position (I) is realized. During this process, while the dampening arm (21) moves away from the sleeve, vacuum effect occurs in the inner gap (31) of the sleeve (30). Besides, the control element (24) is rested to the spring (25), and the flow path (241) is opened, and the passage of the piston arm (20) again to the first position (I) is provided in a rapid manner. During these processes, in positioning of the control element

(24) with respect to the support part (23), the desired adjustment is provided by the spring

(25) and the adjustment element (26). As the adjustment element (26) is rotated around itself, the pressure force exerted by the spring (25) to the control element (24) is adjustable.

By means of all these embodiments, in the piston mechanism (10), the instant and high energy forces are also dampened besides standard force loadings. During this process, since a dampening arm (21 ) which has dampening unit (22) is used, the compression intensity can be adjusted by the user. Additionally, since the fluid passage of the first valve group (V1) and the second valve group (V2) is adjustable, the desired dampening adjustment can be realized in the piston mechanism (10). Moreover, since the used dampening unit (22) has a simple structure and can be produced with low cost when compared with the valve groups known in the present art, it provides a preferable structure.

The protection scope of the present invention is set forth in the annexed claims and cannot be restricted to the illustrative disclosures given above, under the detailed description. It is because a person skilled in the relevant art can obviously produce similar embodiments under the light of the foregoing disclosures, without departing from the main principles of the present invention.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

10 Piston mechanism

11 Inner pipe

12 Inner chamber

13 External pipe

14 External chamber

20 Piston arm

21 Dampening arm

22 Dampening unit

23 Support part

231 First support part

232 Second support part

24 Control element

241 Flow path

25 Spring

26 Adjustment element

30 Sleeve

31 Inner gap

32 Opening

33 Sidewall

V1 First valve group

V2 Second valve group

T 1 First side

T2 Second side

(I) First position

(II) Second position