CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/246,622, filed September 21, 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of antibacterial hand sanitizing compositions. In particular, the present disclosure relates to hand sanitizing compositions that have high antibacterial efficacy while offering the advantages of being non-irritating to the skin, improving the cutaneous hydration rate for at least 24 hours after a single application, improving skin hydration after 21 consecutive days of use (multiple applications per day), decreasing water loss (TEWL) for at least 4 hours after a single application, maintaining the skin barrier after 21 consecutive days of use (multiple applications per day), and being pleasant to apply, despite having high concentrations of ethanol, which is known to dry skin.

BACKGROUND

[0003] The following description of the background of the present technology is provided simply as an aid in understanding the present technology and is not admitted to describe or constitute prior art to the present technology.

[0004] Hand hygiene is an important practice in healthcare settings and is a central component of worldwide health agencies’ response to the international emergence of harmful pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19 disease. For instance, the United States Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) recommends frequent handwashing and use of alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) to prevent the spread of pathogens and infections (e.g., via SARS-CoV-2). In particular, the CDC recommends ABHR formulations containing alcohol (e.g., ethanol) at concentrations of 60% to 95% to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens. Unfortunately, the use of ethanol at these levels has a drying, and sometimes irritating, effect on the skin, including sensitive skin. Further, longterm frequent use of alcohol -based sanitizers (10-20 times per day in some settings) is known to result in inflamed, red, chapped, and cracked skin, which can result in discomfort and non- compliance with hand hygiene protocols. Indeed, hand hygiene recommendations of frequent washing and use of hand sanitizers increases the frequency of skin sensitivity and dermatosis. (See A. Lechner et al., “Comparing Skin Characteristics and Molecular Markers of Xerotic Foot Skin Between Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Subjects: An Exploratory Study,” Tissue Viability 28(4): 200-209 (2019).)

[0005] Therefore, there exists a need for skin sanitizing compositions which are highly effective at killing surface bacteria, are moisturizing, are well-tolerated by and non-irritating to the skin, including sensitive skin, and are protective against water loss, and are pleasant to apply, particularly in the context of frequent daily use.

SUMMARY

[0006] In one aspect, which may be combined with any other aspect or embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a skin sanitizing composition, comprising: ethanol, present at a concentration of at least 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition; one or more polyols; one or more panthenols; and one or more skin conditioning agents; wherein the one or more polyols and the one or more panthenols are present in the composition at a ratio (w/w) of about 5:1 to about 10: 1; and wherein the one or more polyols and the one or more skin conditioning agents are present in the composition at a ratio (w/w) of between about 2: 1 and about 8: 1.

[0007] In some embodiments, a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure further comprises one or more gelling agents, present at a concentration of 0.1% to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0008] In some embodiments, the one or more skin conditioning agents comprises niacinamide. In some embodiments, the one or more polyols comprises glycerin. In some embodiments, the one or more panthenols comprises D-panthenol. In some embodiments, the one or more polyols comprises glycerin and the one or more panthenols comprises D- panthenol.

[0009] In some embodiments, a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure further comprises at least one detackifying agent, present at a concentration of at least 0.1% to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the detackifying agent comprises a polyethylene glycol.

[0010] In some embodiments, a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure further comprises an oily phase, present at a concentration of 1% to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the oily phase comprises almond oil and/or sunflower oil.

[0011] In some embodiments, the ethanol is present at a concentration of at least 60% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the ethanol is present at a concentration of at least 62% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the ethanol is present at a concentration of at least 65% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the ethanol is present at a concentration of at least 68% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the ethanol is present at a concentration of no greater than 70% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0012] In some embodiments, the skin sanitizing composition has a pH of between 6.0 and

7.5. In some embodiments, the skin sanitizing composition has a pH of about 6.5.

[0013] In some embodiments, a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure increases the cutaneous hydration rate of human skin by at least 15% relative to untreated skin, at 8 hours or longer after application. In some embodiments, a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure increases the cutaneous hydration rate of human skin by at least 10% relative to untreated skin, at 24 hours or longer after application.

[0014] In some embodiments, a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure achieves a log reduction in the number of viable bacteria present on the skin of at least 3.00, measured according to the EN 1500 Hygienic Handrub Method. In some embodiments, a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure achieves a log reduction in the number of viable bacteria present on the skin of at least 4.00, measured according to the EN 1500 Hygienic Handrub Method. In some embodiments, a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure achieves a log reduction in the number of viable bacteria present on the skin of at least 4.50, measured according to the EN 1500 Hygienic Handrub Method.

[0015] In some embodiments, a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure increases the cutaneous hydration rate of human skin by at least 20% relative to untreated skin, at 8 hours or longer after application. In some embodiments, a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure increases the cutaneous hydration rate of human skin by at least 25% relative to untreated skin, at 8 hours or longer after application.

[9016] In some embodiments, a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure decreases the TEWL value of human skin by at least 10% relative to untreated skin, at 1 hour or longer after application. In some embodiments, a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure decreases the TEWL value of human skin by at least 10% relative to untreated skin, at 4 hours or longer after application. In some embodiments, a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure the TEWL value of human skin by at least 10% relative to untreated skin, at 8 hours or longer after application. In some embodiments, a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure decreases the TEWL value of human skin by at least 10% relative to untreated skin, at 24 hours or longer after application.

[0017] In another aspect, which may be combined with any other aspect or embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a skin sanitizing composition, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the following ingredients (by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition): water: 20-25%; ethanol: 60-75%; glycerin: 0.5-5.0%; niacinamide: 0.1-5.0%; D-panthenol: 0.1-3.0%; acrylates/C10-C30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer: 0.1-5.0%; acrylamide/isohexadecane/polysorbate 80/sodium acryloyldimethyl; taurate copolymer: 0.1-5.0%; PEG-8: 0.1-5%; almond oil and/or sunflower oil: 0.5-10%; and aminomethyl propanol: 0-1%. [0018] In another aspect, which may be combined with any other aspect or embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method of sanitizing skin, comprising: applying a skin sanitizing composition of the present disclosure to the skin of a human subject.

[0019] In another aspect, which may be combined with any other aspect or embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method of moisturizing skin, comprising: applying a skin sanitizing composition according the present disclosure to the skin of a human subject.

[0020] In another aspect, which may be combined with any other aspect or embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method of treating and/or preventing dry skin, comprising: applying a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure to the skin of a human subject.

[0021] In another aspect, which may be combined with any other aspect or embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method of decreasing the sensitivity of sensitive skin, comprising applying a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure to the sensitive skin of a human subject. In some embodiments, the skin sanitizing composition is applied to the sensitive skin of a human subject at least once daily. In some embodiments, the skin sanitizing composition is applied to the sensitive skin of a human subject at least once daily for up to 21 days.

[0022] Additional aspects and/or embodiments of the invention will be provided, without limitation, in the detailed description of the present technology set forth below. The following detailed description is exemplary and explanatory, but it is not intended to be limiting.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Various objects, aspects, features, and advantages of the disclosure will become more apparent and better understood by referring to the detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures.

[0024] FIG. 1 shows a plot of mean bacterial counts (log values) after artificial contamination but before application (left) and after application (right) of a hand sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure, according to the EN1500 test. The dark bars represent bacterial counts for a hand sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure. The patterned bars represent bacterial counts for a propan-2-ol reference.

[0025] FIG. 2 shows variation in cutaneous hydration rate versus time after application for a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 3 shows variation in cutaneous hydration rate versus time after application for a commercial reference composition.

[0027] FIG. 4 is a comparison chart showing the variation in the cutaneous hydration rate versus time after application for a skin sanitizing composition according the present disclosure (solid bars) and for a commercial reference composition (patterned bars).

[0028] FIG. 5 is a chart showing variation in the transepidermal water loss (in g m ^-2 ·h ^-1 ) at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after a single product application for treated zone (TZ) and non-treated zone (NTZ).

[0029] FIG. 6 is a plot of the evolution of the transepidermal water loss (in g m ^-2 ·h ^-1 ) at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after product application for treated zone (TZ) and non-treated zone (NTZ).

[0030] FIG. 7 A is a chart showing the cutaneous hydration rate (A.U.) at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after a single product application for a treated zone (TZ) and for a non-treated zone (NTZ).

[0031] FIG. 7B is a chart showing evolution in the variation in the cutaneous hydration rate at 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after a single product application for a treated zone (TZ) compared to a non-treated zone (NTZ).

[0032] FIG. 8 is a plot of the evolution of the cutaneous hydration rate at 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after product application for treated zone (TZ) and non-treated zone (NTZ).

[0033[ FIG. 9 is a chart summarizing results a self-assessment questionnaire in which clinical study subjects were asked to evaluate decrease in skin sensitivity, increase in skin comfort, decrease in skin reactivity, and improved healthy skin appearance, at 15 minutes after first test product application and after 1, 3, 7, and 21 days of consecutive use.

[0034] FIG. 10 is a chart showing the decrease in global score for the Sensiscale skin assessment of ten skin sensitivity symptoms after 21 consecutive days of test product use.

[0035] FIG. 11 is a chart showing results from clinical skin grading (performed by an expert grader) before and after 21 consecutive days of test product use, for the following evaluations: dryness (visual); softness (tactile); skin grain fineness/texture (visual); and skin suppleness (tactile).

[0036] FIG. 12 is a chart showing the mean skin hydration value (A.U.) versus baseline for test product and control after 21 consecutive days of test product use.

[0037] FIG. 13 is a chart showing water amount (in g m ^-2 ·h ^-1 ) versus baseline for test product and control after 21 consecutive days of test product use.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present application relates to hand sanitizing compositions and methods of using the same which address various issues associated with conventional alcohol-based hand sanitizers. The compositions described according to the various exemplary (and non-limiting) examples herein provide several advantages. For example, the hand sanitizing compositions according to the present disclosure have high antibacterial, virucidal, yeasticidal, and fungicidal efficacy, but moisturize the skin, protect against water loss, and are non-irritating to the skin. In particular embodiments, the compositions are emulsions having an unexpected long-term moisturizing effect on cutaneous hydration, showing improved moisturizing effect for 24 hours or longer with only a single application and improved skin hydration after 21 consecutive days of use with multiple applications per day on sensitive skin, while reducing TEWL up to 4 hours after a single application, maintaining the skin barrier at 8 and 24 hours after a single application and for at least 21 consecutive days of multiple applications per day, despite having high concentrations (e.g., greater than 60%) of ethanol, which is known to dry skin. Thus, compositions according to the present disclosure are favorable for use on dry skin, despite ethanol’s known drying effects. [0039] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present technology. Particular exemplary embodiments of the present technology may be implemented without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well known process operations have not been described in detail in order not to unnecessarily obscure the present technologies.

[0040] Ethanol

[0041 ] A hand-sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure contains ethyl alcohol in amounts effective to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention recommend alcohol concentrations of at least 60 wt.% to inactivate and prevent the spread of harmful pathogens. In the European Union, alcohol -based hand rub formulations (ABHRs) must contain at least 60% ethanol.

[0042] In some embodiments of hand-sanitizing compositions according to the present disclosure, the ethanol is present at a concentration by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of at least about 50 wt.%, at least about 50.5 wt.%, at least about 51 wt.%, at least about 51.5 wt.%, at least about 52 wt.%, at least about 52.5 wt.%, at least about 53 wt.%, at least about 53.5 wt.%, at least about 54 wt.%, at least about 54.5 wt.%, at least about 55 wt.%, at least about 55.5 wt.%, at least about 56 wt.%, at least about 56.5 wt.%, at least about 57 wt.%, at least about 57.5 wt.%, at least about 58 wt.%, at least about 58.5 wt.%, at least about 59 wt.%, at least about 59.5 wt.%, at least about 60 wt.%, at least about 60.5 wt.%, at least about 61 wt.%, at least about 61.5 wt.%, at least about 62 wt.%, at least about 62.5 wt.%, at least about 63 wt.%, at least about 63.5 wt.%, at least about 64 wt.%, at least about 64.5 wt.%, at least about 65 wt.%, at least about 65.5 wt.%, at least about 66 wt.%, at least about 66.5 wt.%, at least about 67 wt.%, at least about 67.5 wt.%, at least about 68 wt.%, at least about 68.5 wt.%, at least about 69 wt.%, at least about 69.5 wt.%, at least about 70 wt.%, at least about 70.5 wt.%, at least about 71 wt.%, at least about 71.5 wt.%, at least about 72 wt.%, at least about 72.5 wt.%, at least about 73 wt.%, at least about 73.5 wt.%, at least about 74 wt.%, at least about 74.5 wt.%, at least about 75 wt.%, at least about 75.5 wt.%, at least about 76 wt.%, at least about 76.5 wt.%, at least about 77 wt.%, at least about 77.5 wt.%, at least about 78 wt.%, at least about 78.5 wt.%, at least about 79 wt.%, at least about 79.5 wt.%, at least about 80 wt.%, or any range or value therein between.

[0043] In some embodiments, the ethanol is present at a concentration by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of no greater than 80 wt.%, no greater than 79.5 wt.%, no greater than 79 wt.%, no greater than 78.5 wt.%, no greater than 78 wt.%, no greater than

77.5 wt.%, no greater than 77 wt.%, no greater than 76.5 wt.%, no greater than 76 wt.%, no greater than 75.5 wt.%, no greater than 75 wt.%, no greater than 74.5 wt.%, no greater than 74 wt.%, no greater than 73.5 wt.%, no greater than 73 wt.%, no greater than 72.5 wt.%, no greater than 72 wt.%, no greater than 71.5 wt.%, no greater than 71 wt.%, no greater than

70.5 wt.%, no greater than 70 wt.%, no greater than 69.5 wt.%, no greater than 69 wt.%, no greater than 68.5 wt.%, no greater than 68 wt.%, no greater than 67.5 wt.%, no greater than 67 wt.%, no greater than 66.5 wt.%, no greater than 66 wt.%, no greater than 65.5 wt.%, no greater than 65 wt.%, no greater than 64.5 wt.%, no greater than 64 wt.%, no greater than

63.5 wt.%, no greater than 63 wt.%, no greater than 62.5 wt.%, no greater than 62 wt.%, no greater than 61.5 wt.%, no greater than 61 wt.%, no greater than 60.5 wt.%, no greater than 60 wt.%, or any range or value therein between.

[0044] In some embodiments, the ethanol is present at a concentration by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of about 50 wt.%, about 50.5 wt.%, about 51 wt.%, about

51.5 wt.%, about 52 wt.%, about 52.5 wt.%, about 53 wt.%, about 53.5 wt.%, about 54 wt.%, about 54.5 wt.%, about 55 wt.%, about 55.5 wt.%, about 56 wt.%, about 56.5 wt.%, about 57 wt.%, about 57.5 wt.%, about 58 wt.%, about 58.5 wt.%, about 59 wt.%, about 59.5 wt.%, about 60 wt.%, about 60.5 wt.%, about 61 wt.%, about 61.5 wt.%, about 62 wt.%, about 62.5 wt.%, about 63 wt.%, about 63.5 wt.%, about 64 wt.%, about 64.5 wt.%, about 65 wt.%, about 65.5 wt.%, about 66 wt.%, about 66.5 wt.%, about 67 wt.%, about 67.5 wt.%, about 68 wt.%, about 68.5 wt.%, about 69 wt.%, about 69.5 wt.%, about 70 wt.%, about 70.5 wt.%, about 71 wt.%, about 71.5 wt.%, about 72 wt.%, about 72.5 wt.%, about 73 wt.%, about 73.5 wt.%, about 74 wt.%, about 74.5 wt.%, about 75 wt.%, about 75.5 wt.%, about 76 wt.%, about 76.5 wt.%, about 77 wt.%, about 77.5 wt.%, about 78 wt.%, about 78.5 wt.%, about 79 wt.%, about 79.5 wt.%, or about 80 wt.%. [0045] In some embodiments, the ethanol is present at a concentration by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of about 50 wt.% to about 80 wt.%, about 55 wt.% to about 80 wt.%, about 60 wt.% to about 80 wt.%, about 65 wt.% to about 80 wt.%, about 70 wt.% to about 80 wt.%, about 75 wt.% to about 80 wt.%, about 50 wt.% to about 75 wt.%, about 50 wt.% to about 70 wt.%, about 50 wt.% to about 65 wt.%, about 50 wt.% to about 60 wt.%, about 50 wt.% to about 55 wt.%, about 60 wt.% to about 75 wt.%, about 60 wt.% to about 72 wt.%, about 60 wt.% to about 70 wt.%, about 60 wt.% to about 68 wt.%, about 60 wt.% to about 65 wt.%, about 60 wt.% to about 62 wt.%, about 62 wt.% to about 70 wt.%, about 62 wt.% to about 68 wt.%, about 62 wt.% to about 65 wt.%, about 65 wt.% to about 70 wt.%, about 65 wt.% to about 68 wt.%, or any range or value therein.

[0046] Humectants

[0047] In some embodiments, a hand sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure comprises one or more humectants. By way of non-limiting example, in some embodiments, the one or more humectants may comprise polyols, such as polyols having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, including glycerol (glycerin); glycol derivatives (e.g., propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol); and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the humectants may comprise glycerin sorbitol; sugars (e.g., glucose, lactose, etc.); alkoxylated glucose derivatives; glucose ethers; panthenols (e.g., D-panthenol, DL-panthenol); polyethylene glycols (PEGs); urea; sodium hyaluronate; soluble chitosan; hexanetri ol; amino acids (e.g., serine, citrulline, arginine, asparagine or alanine); alpha-hydroxy acids; salicylic acid; or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the humectants comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of a polyol and a panthenol. In some embodiments the polyol is glycerol (glycerin). In some embodiments, the panthenol is D-panthenol.

[0048] In some embodiments, the one or more humectants may be present at a concentration, individually or collectively, relative to the total weight of the composition, of at least about 0.5 wt.%, at least about 0.6 wt.%, at least about 0.7 wt.%, at least about 0.8 wt.%, at least about 0.9 wt.%, at least about 1.0 wt.%, at least about 1.2 wt.%, at least about 1.5 wt.%, at least about 1.8 wt.%, at least about 2.0 wt.%, at least about 2.5 wt.%, at least about 3.0 wt.%, at least about 3.5 wt.%, at least about 4.0 wt.%, at least about 4.5 wt.%, at least about 5.0 wt.%, at least about 5.5 wt.%, at least about 6.0 wt.%, at least about 6.5 wt.%, at least about 7.0 wt.%, at least about 7.5 wt.%, at least about 8.0 wt.%, at least about 8.5 wt.%, at least about 9.0 wt.%, at least about 9.5 wt.%, at least about 10 wt.%, or any range or value therein between.

[0049] In some embodiments, the one or more humectants may be present at a concentration, individually or collectively, relative to the total weight of the composition, of no greater than about 10.0 wt.%, no greater than about 9.5 wt.%, no greater than about 9.0 wt.%, no greater than about 8.5 wt.%, no greater than about 8.0 wt.%, no greater than about 7.5 wt.%, no greater than about 7.0 wt.%, no greater than about 6.5 wt.%, no greater than about 6.0 wt.%, no greater than about 5.5 wt.%, no greater than about 5.0 wt.%, no greater than about 4.5 wt.%, no greater than about 4.0 wt.%, no greater than about 3.5 wt.%, no greater than about 3.0 wt.%, or any range or value therein between.

[0050] In some embodiments, the one or more humectants may be present at a concentration, individually or collectively, relative to the total weight of the composition, of about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.8 wt.%, about 1.0 wt.%, about 1.2 wt.%, about 1.5 wt.%, about 1.8 wt.%, about 2.0 wt.%, about 2.2 wt.%, about 2.5 wt.%, about 2.8 wt.%, about 3.0 wt.%, about 3.2 wt.%, about 3.5 wt.%, about 3.8 wt.%, about 4.0 wt.%, about 4.2 wt.%, about 4.5 wt.%, about 4.8 wt.%, about 5.0 wt.%, about 5.5 wt.%, about 6.0 wt.%, about 6.5 wt.%, about 7.0 wt.%, about 7.5 wt.%, about 8.0 wt.%, about 8.5 wt.%, about 9.0 wt.%, about 9.5 wt.%, about 10.0 wt.%, or any range or value therein between.

[0051 ] In some embodiments, the one or more humectants may be present at a concentration, individually or collectively, relative to the total weight of the composition, of about 0.5 wt.% to about 10.0 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 0.5 to about 4 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, about 0.5 to about 1 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 4 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, about 3 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 3 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 3 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, or any range or value therein.

[0052] In some embodiments, the humectants comprise a polyol and a panthenol. In some embodiments the polyol is glycerol (glycerin). In some embodiments, the panthenol is D- panthenol. In some embodiments, the polyol and the panthenol are present in the composition at a concentration ratio (w/w) of the polyol to the panthenol of between about 0.5: 1 and about 10: 1, between about 0.6: 1 and about 5: 1, between about 0.7: 1 and about 4: 1, between about 0.8: 1 and about 3: 1, between about 0.9: 1 and about 2: 1, between about 1 : 1 to about 1.5: 1, or between about 1 : 1 and about 1.2: 1, or any range or value therein between.

[0053] In some embodiments, the polyol and the panthenol are present in the composition at a concentration ratio (w/w) of greater than or equal to about 0.5: 1, greater than or equal to about 0.6: 1, greater than or equal to about 0.7: 1, greater than or equal to about 0.8:1, greater than or equal to about 0.9: 1, greater than or equal to about 1: 1, greater than or equal to about 1.1 : 1, greater than or equal to about 1.2: 1, greater than or equal to about 1.3: 1, greater than or equal to about 1.4: 1, greater than or equal to about 1.5: 1, greater than or equal to about 1.6: 1, greater than or equal to about 1.7: 1, greater than or equal to about 1.8: 1, greater than or equal to about 1.9: 1, greater than or equal to about 2: 1, greater than or equal to about 2.5:1, greater than or equal to about 3: 1, greater than or equal to about 3.5: 1, greater than or equal to about 4: 1, greater than or equal to about 4.5: 1, greater than or equal to about 5: 1, greater than or equal to about 5.5: 1, greater than or equal to about 6: 1, greater than or equal to about 6.5: 1, greater than or equal to about 7:1, greater than or equal to about 7.5: 1, greater than or equal to about 8: 1, greater than or equal to about 8.5: 1, greater than or equal to about 9: 1, greater than or equal to about 9.5: 1, or greater than or equal to about 10: 1, or any range or value therein between.

[0054] In some embodiments, the polyol and the panthenol are present in the composition at a concentration ratio (w/w) of the polyol to the panthenol of between 0.5: 1 and 10: 1. In some embodiments, the polyol and the panthenol are present in the composition at a concentration ratio (w/w) of less than or equal to about 0.5: 1, less than or equal to about 0.6:1, less than or equal to about 0.7: 1, less than or equal to about 0.8: 1, less than or equal to about 0.9:1, less than or equal to about 1:1, less than or equal to about 1.1:1, less than or equal to about 1.2:1, less than or equal to about 1.3:1, less than or equal to about 1.4:1, less than or equal to about 1.5:1, less than or equal to about 1.6:1, less than or equal to about 1.7:1, less than or equal to about 1.8:1, less than or equal to about 1.9:1, less than or equal to about 2:1, less than or equal to about 2.5:1, less than or equal to about 3:1, less than or equal to about 3.5:1, less than or equal to about 4:1, less than or equal to about 4.5:1, less than or equal to about 5:1, less than or equal to about 5.5:1, less than or equal to about 6:1, less than or equal to about 6.5:1, less than or equal to about 7:1, less than or equal to about 7.5:1, less than or equal to about 8:1, less than or equal to about 8.5:1, less than or equal to about 9:1, less than or equal to about 9.5:1, or less than or equal to about 10:1, or any range or value therein between.

[0(155] In some embodiments, the polyol and the panthenol are present in the composition at a concentration ratio (w/w) of the polyol to the panthenol of about 0.5:1, about 0.6:1, about 0.7:1, about 0.8:1, about 0.9:1, about 1:1, about 1.1:1, about 1.2:1, about 1.3:1, about 1.4:1, about 1.5:1, about 1.6:1, about 1.7:1, about 1.8:1, about 1.9:1, about 2:1, about 2.1:1, about 2.2:1, about 2.3:1, about 2.4:1, about 2.5:1, about 2.6:1, about 2.7:1, about 2.8:1, about 2.9:1, about 3:1, about 3.2:1, about 3.5:1, about 3.8:1, about 4:1, about 4.2:1, about 4.5:1, about 4.8:1, about 5:1, about 5.2:1, about 5.5:1, about 5.8:1, about 6:1, about 6.2:1, about 6.5:1, about 6.8:1, about 7:1, about 7.2:1, about 7.5:1, about 7.8:1, about 8:1, about 8.1:1, about 8.2:1, about 8.3:1, about 8.4:1, about 8.5:1, about 8.6:1, about 8.7:1, about 8.8:1, about 8.9:1, about 9:1, about 9.1:1, about 9.2:1, about 9.3:1, about 9.4:1, about 9.5:1, about 9.6:1, about 9.7:1, about 9.8:1, about 9.9:1, or about 10:1.

[0056] Skin Conditioning Agents

[0057] In some embodiments, a hand sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure comprises one or more skin conditioning agents. By way of non-limiting example, in some embodiments, the one or more skin conditioning agents may comprise one or more vitamins (e.g., vitamin A, pro vitamin A, vitamin Bl, vitamin B2, vitamin B3 compounds such as niacinamide and tocopherol nicotinate, vitamin B4, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin D2, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin F (cis, cis-linolcic acid), vitamin KI and combinations and derivatives thereof). In some embodiments, the one or more skin conditioning agents may comprise ceramides, retinol, retinaldehyde, retinoic acid, epigallocatechin-3 -gallate, eicosapentaenoic acid, hexamidine, lecithin, linolenic acid, linolenic acid, lipoic acid, lysstine, phospholipids, carnitine, camosine, adenosine triphosphate, adenosine cyclic phosphate, palmitoyl oligopeptide, palmitoyl tripeptide-3 (and most other peptides), and pyrus malus (apple) fruit extract. In some embodiments, the skin conditioning agent comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of niacinamide.

[0058] In some embodiments, the one or more skin conditioning agents may be present at a concentration, individually or collectively, relative to the total weight of the composition, of at least about 0.5 wt.%, at least about 0.6 wt.%, at least about 0.7 wt.%, at least about 0.8 wt.%, at least about 0.9 wt.%, at least about 1.0 wt.%, at least about 1.2 wt.%, at least about 1.5 wt.%, at least about 1.8 wt.%, at least about 2.0 wt.%, at least about 2.5 wt.%, at least about 3.0 wt.%, at least about 3.5 wt.%, at least about 4.0 wt.%, at least about 4.5 wt.%, at least about 5.0 wt.%, at least about 5.5 wt.%, at least about 6.0 wt.%, at least about 6.5 wt.%, at least about 7.0 wt.%, at least about 7.5 wt.%, at least about 8.0 wt.%, at least about 8.5 wt.%, at least about 9.0 wt.%, at least about 9.5 wt.%, at least about 10 wt.%, or any range or value therein between.

[0059] In some embodiments, the one or more skin conditioning agents may be present at a concentration, individually or collectively, relative to the total weight of the composition, of no greater than about 10.0 wt.%, no greater than about 9.5 wt.%, no greater than about 9.0 wt.%, no greater than about 8.5 wt.%, no greater than about 8.0 wt.%, no greater than about 7.5 wt.%, no greater than about 7.0 wt.%, no greater than about 6.5 wt.%, no greater than about 6.0 wt.%, no greater than about 5.5 wt.%, no greater than about 5.0 wt.%, no greater than about 4.5 wt.%, no greater than about 4.0 wt.%, no greater than about 3.5 wt.%, no greater than about 3.0 wt.%, or any range or value therein between.

[0060] In some embodiments, the one or more skin conditioning agents may be present at a concentration, individually or collectively, relative to the total weight of the composition, of about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.8 wt.%, about 1.0 wt.%, about 1.2 wt.%, about 1.5 wt.%, about 1.8 wt.%, about 2.0 wt.%, about 2.2 wt.%, about 2.5 wt.%, about 2.8 wt.%, about 3.0 wt.%, about 3.2 wt.%, about 3.5 wt.%, about 3.8 wt.%, about 4.0 wt.%, about 4.2 wt.%, about 4.5 wt.%, about 4.8 wt.%, about 5.0 wt.%, about 5.5 wt.%, about 6.0 wt.%, about 6.5 wt.%, about 7.0 wt.%, about 7.5 wt.%, about 8.0 wt.%, about 8.5 wt.%, about 9.0 wt.%, about 9.5 wt.%, about 10.0 wt.%, or any range or value therein between.

[0061] In some embodiments, the one or more skin conditioning agents may be present at a concentration, individually or collectively, relative to the total weight of the composition, of about 0.5 wt.% to about 10.0 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 0.5 to about 4 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about

2 wt.%, about 0.5 to about 1 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about

8 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 4 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about

3 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, about 3 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 3 wt.% to about

8 wt.%, about 3 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about

8 wt.%, or any range or value therein.

[0062] Ratio of Polyol to Skin Conditioning Agent(s)

[0063] In some embodiments, the polyol (e.g., glycerin) and the one or more skin conditioning agents (e.g., niacinamide) are present in the composition at a concentration ratio (w/w) of the polyol to the skin conditioning agent of between about 0.5: 1 and about 10: 1, between about 0.6: 1 and about 5: 1, between about 0.7:1 and about 4: 1, between about 0.8: 1 and about 3: 1, between about 0.9: 1 and about 2: 1, between about 1 : 1 to about 1.5: 1, or between about 1 : 1 and about 1.2: 1, or any range or value therein between.

[0064] In some embodiments, the polyol (e.g., glycerin) and the one or more skin conditioning agents (e.g., niacinamide) are present in the composition at a concentration ratio (w/w) of greater than or equal to about 0.5: 1, greater than or equal to about 0.6: 1, greater than or equal to about 0.7: 1, greater than or equal to about 0.8: 1, greater than or equal to about 0.9: 1, greater than or equal to about 1 : 1, greater than or equal to about 1.1 :1, greater than or equal to about 1.2: 1, greater than or equal to about 1.3: 1, greater than or equal to about 1.4: 1, greater than or equal to about 1.5: 1, greater than or equal to about 1.6: 1, greater than or equal to about 1.7: 1, greater than or equal to about 1.8: 1, greater than or equal to about 1.9: 1, greater than or equal to about 2:1, greater than or equal to about 2.5: 1, greater than or equal to about 3: 1, greater than or equal to about 3.5: 1, greater than or equal to about 4: 1, greater than or equal to about 4.5:1, greater than or equal to about 5:1, greater than or equal to about 5.5:1, greater than or equal to about 6:1, greater than or equal to about 6.5:1, greater than or equal to about 7:1, greater than or equal to about 7.5:1, greater than or equal to about 8:1, greater than or equal to about 8.5:1, greater than or equal to about 9:1, greater than or equal to about 9.5:1, or greater than or equal to about 10: 1, or any range or value therein between.

[0065] In some embodiments, the polyol (e.g., glycerin) and the one or more skin conditioning agents (e.g., niacinamide) are present in the composition at a concentration ratio (w/w) of the polyol to the skin conditioning agent of between 0.5:1 and 10:1. In some embodiments, the polyol and the panthenol are present in the composition at a concentration ratio (w/w) of less than or equal to about 0.5:1, less than or equal to about 0.6:1, less than or equal to about 0.7:1, less than or equal to about 0.8:1, less than or equal to about 0.9:1, less than or equal to about 1:1, less than or equal to about 1.1:1, less than or equal to about 1.2:1, less than or equal to about 1.3:1, less than or equal to about 1.4:1, less than or equal to about 1.5:1, less than or equal to about 1.6:1, less than or equal to about 1.7:1, less than or equal to about 1.8:1, less than or equal to about 1.9:1, less than or equal to about 2:1, less than or equal to about 2.5:1, less than or equal to about 3:1, less than or equal to about 3.5:1, less than or equal to about 4:1, less than or equal to about 4.5:1, less than or equal to about 5:1, less than or equal to about 5.5:1, less than or equal to about 6:1, less than or equal to about 6.5:1, less than or equal to about 7:1, less than or equal to about 7.5:1, less than or equal to about 8:1, less than or equal to about 8.5:1, less than or equal to about 9:1, less than or equal to about 9.5:1, or less than or equal to about 10:1, or any range or value therein between.

[0066] In some embodiments, the polyol (e.g., glycerin) and the one or more skin conditioning agents (e.g., niacinamide) are present in the composition at a concentration ratio (w/w) of the polyol to the panthenol of about 0.5:1, about 0.6:1, about 0.7:1, about 0.8:1, about 0.9:1, about 1:1, about 1.1:1, about 1.2:1, about 1.3:1, about 1.4:1, about 1.5:1, about 1.6:1, about 1.7:1, about 1.8:1, about 1.9:1, about 2:1, about 2.1:1, about 2.2:1, about 2.3:1, about 2.4:1, about 2.5:1, about 2.6:1, about 2.7:1, about 2.8:1, about 2.9:1, about 3:1, about

3.2:1, about 3.5:1, about 3.8:1, about 4:1, about 4.2:1, about 4.5:1, about 4.8:1, about 5:1, about 5.2:1, about 5.5:1, about 5.8:1, about 6:1, about 6.2:1, about 6.5:1, about 6.8:1, about

7:1, about 7.2:1, about 7.5:1, about 7.8:1, about 8:1, about 8.1:1, about 8.2:1, about 8.3:1, about 8.4:1, about 8.5:1, about 8.6:1, about 8.7:1, about 8.8:1, about 8.9:1, about 9:1, about 9.1:1, about 9.2:1, about 9.3:1, about 9.4:1, about 9.5:1, about 9.6:1, about 9.7:1, about 9.8:1, about 9.9:1, or about 10:1.

[0067] Ratio of Panthenol to Skin Conditioning Agent(s)

[0068] In some embodiments, the panthenol (e.g., D-panthenol) and the one or more skin conditioning agents (e.g., niacinamide) are present in the composition at a concentration ratio (w/w) of the panthenol (e.g., D-panthenol) 1 to the one or more skin conditioning agents (e.g., niacinamide) of between about 0.5:1 and about 5:1, between about 0.6:1 and about 4:1, between about 0.7:1 and about 3:1, between about 0.8:1 and about 2:1, between about 0.9:1 and about 1.5:1, between about 1:1 to about 1.2:1, or any range or value therein between.

[0069] In some embodiments, the panthenol (e.g., D-panthenol) and the one or more skin conditioning agents (e.g., niacinamide) are present in the composition at a concentration ratio (w/w) of greater than or equal to about 0.3:1, greater than or equal to about 0.4:1, greater than or equal to about 0.5:1, greater than or equal to about 0.6:1, greater than or equal to about 0.7:1, greater than or equal to about 0.8:1, greater than or equal to about 0.9:1, greater than or equal to about 1:1, greater than or equal to about 1.1:1, greater than or equal to about 1.2:1, greater than or equal to about 1.3:1, greater than or equal to about 1.4:1, greater than or equal to about 1.5:1, greater than or equal to about 1.6:1, greater than or equal to about 5:3, greater than or equal to about 1.7:1, greater than or equal to about 1.8:1, greater than or equal to about 1.9:1, greater than or equal to about 2:1, greater than or equal to about 2.5:1, greater than or equal to about 3:1, greater than or equal to about 3.5:1, greater than or equal to about 4:1, greater than or equal to about 4.5:1, greater than or equal to about 5: 1, or any range or value therein between.

(0070] In some embodiments, the panthenol (e.g., D-panthenol) and the one or more skin conditioning agents (e.g., niacinamide) are present in the composition at a concentration ratio (w/w) of less than or equal to about 03:1, less than or equal to 0.4:1, less than or equal to 0.5:1, less than or equal to about 0.6:1, less than or equal to about 0.7:1, less than or equal to about 0.8:1, less than or equal to about 0.9:1, less than or equal to about 1:1, less than or equal to about 1.1:1, less than or equal to about 1.2:1, less than or equal to about 1.3:1, less than or equal to about 1.4: 1, less than or equal to about 1.5: 1, less than or equal to about 1.6: 1, less than or equal to about 1.7:1, less than or equal to about 1.8: 1, less than or equal to about 1.9: 1, less than or equal to about 2: 1, less than or equal to about 2.5:1, less than or equal to about 3:1, less than or equal to about 3.5: 1, less than or equal to about 4: 1, less than or equal to about 4.5: 1, or less than or equal to about 5: 1, or any range or value therein between.

[0071 j In some embodiments, the panthenol (e.g., D-panthenol) and the one or more skin conditioning agents (e.g., niacinamide) are present in the composition at a concentration ratio (w/w) of the panthenol (e.g., D-panthenol) to the one or more skin conditioning agents (e.g., niacinamide) of about 0.3:1, about 0.4: 1, about 0.5: 1, about 0.6: 1, about 0.7: 1, about 0.8: 1, about 0.9: 1, about 1 : 1, about 1.1 : 1, about 1.2: 1, about 1.3: 1, about 1.4: 1, about 1.5: 1, about 1.6: 1, about 1.7: 1, about 1.8: 1, about 1.9: 1, about 2: 1, about 2.1 : 1, about 2.2: 1, about 2.3: 1, about 2.4: 1, about 2.5: 1, about 2.6: 1, about 2.7: 1, about 2.8: 1, about 2.9: 1, about 3: 1, about 3.2: 1, about 3.5: 1, about 3.8: 1, about 4: 1, about 4.2: 1, about 4.5: 1, about 4.8: 1, or about 5: 1, or any range or value therein between.

[0072] Gelling Agents

[0073] In some embodiments, a hand sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure comprises one or more gelling agents (also known as suspending agents or thickening agents). By way of non-limiting example, the one or more gelling agents may comprise ready-for-use mixtures (e.g., Polyacrylate- 13/Polyisobutene/Polysorbate 20 sold by Seppic under the name SEPIPLUS 400®, or the Ammonium Acrylate/Acrylamide Copolymer/Polyisobutene/Polysorbate 20 mixture sold by Seppic under the name SEPIPLUS 265®, or Aery 1 ami de/S odium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer/Isohexadecane/Polysorbate 80 sold by Seppic under the name SIMULGEL™ 600); acrylic acid polymers (e.g., Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer); carbomers (e.g., ULTREZ 20®, ULTREZ 10®, CARBOPOL 1382®, CARBOPOL ETD2020NF® or AQUA SF1® sold by Lubrizol); polysaccharides (e.g., xanthan gum (such as XANTURAL 180® sold by Kelco), gellan gum (e.g., KELCOGEL® by Kelco), sclerotium gum (e.g., AMIGEL® by Alban Muller Industrie), guar gum and its derivatives (such as hydroxypropyl guar gum sold under the name JAGUAR HP- 105® by Rhodia), cationic guar gums, cellulose and cellulose derivatives (such as microcrystalline cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, e.g., sold under the name BLANOSE CMC 7H4XF® by

Hercules, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, e.g., sold under the name of METHOCEL E4M®

Premium by Dow Chemical, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, e.g., sold under the name of NATROSOL HHX 250® by Aquaion, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose); magnesium aluminum silicates (e.g., VEEGUM K®, VEEGUM Plus®, or VEEGUM Ultra® sold by Vanderbilt); bentonite; modified starches (e.g., modified potato starch sold under the name of STRUCTURE SOLANACE®); carrageenans (e.g., the k, λ, β and co families, such as the VISCARIN® and GELCARIN® products sold by IMCD); polyvinyl alcohols (PVAs) (e.g., Polyvinyl Alcohol 40-88® sold by Merck); polyvinylpyrrolidones; carboxyvinyl polymers; acrylic acid/ethyl acrylate copolymers (e.g., CARBOPOLS®); polyacrylic acid polymers; polymethyacrylic acid polymers; polyvinyl acetate polymers, polyvinylchloride polymers; polyvinylidene chloride polymers; mixtures of polyethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol stearate or distearate; oleogels (e.g., trihydroxy stearin or aluminim magnesium hydroxy stearate); non-ionic polymers; and any combination of the above.

[0074] In some embodiments, the one or more gelling agents may be present at a concentration, individually or collectively, relative to the total weight of the composition, of at least about 0.1 wt.%, at least about 0.2 wt.%, at least about 0.3 wt.%, at least about 0.4 wt.%, at least about 0.5 wt.%, at least about 0.6 wt.%, at least about 0.7 wt.%, at least about 0.8 wt.%, at least about 0.9 wt.%, at least about 1.0 wt.%, at least about 1.2 wt.%, at least about 1.5 wt.%, at least about 1.8 wt.%, at least about 2.0 wt.%, at least about 2.2 wt.%, at least about 2.5 wt.%, at least about 2.8 wt.%, at least about 3.0 wt.%, at least about 3.2 wt.%, at least about 3.5 wt.%, at least about 3.8 wt.%, at least about 4.0 wt.%, at least about 4.2 wt.%, at least about 4.5 wt.%, at least about 4.8 wt.%, at least about 5.0 wt.%, at least about 5.5 wt.%, at least about 6.0 wt.%, at least about 6.5 wt.%, at least about 7.0 wt.%, at least about 7.5 wt.%, at least about 8.0 wt.%, at least about 8.5 wt.%, at least about 9.0 wt.%, at least about 9.5 wt.%, at least about 10.0 wt.%, or any range or value therein between.

[0075] In some embodiments, the one or more gelling agents may be present at a concentration, individually or collectively, relative to the total weight of the composition, of no greater than about 10.0 wt.%, no greater than about 9.5 wt.%, no greater than about 9.0 wt.%, no greater than about 8.5 wt.%, no greater than about 8.0 wt.%, no greater than about

7.5 wt.%, no greater than about 7.0 wt.%, no greater than about 6.5 wt.%, no greater than about 6.0 wt.%, no greater than about 5.5 wt.%, no greater than about 5.0 wt.%, no greater than about 4.5 wt.%, no greater than about 4.0 wt.%, no greater than about 3.5 wt.%, no greater than about 3.0 wt.%, or any range or value therein between.

(0076] In some embodiments, the one or more gelling agents may be present at a concentration, individually or collectively, relative to the total weight of the composition, of about 0.1 wt.%, about 0.2 wt.%, about 0.3 wt.%, about 0.4 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.6 wt.%, about 0.7 wt.%, about 0.8 wt.%, about 0.9 wt.%, about 1.0 wt.%, about 1.2 wt.%, about

1.5 wt.%, about 1.8 wt.%, about 2.0 wt.%, about 2.2 wt.%, about 2.5 wt.%, about 2.8 wt.%, about 3.0 wt.%, about 3.2 wt.%, about 3.5 wt.%, about 3.8 wt.%, about 4.0 wt.%, about 4.2 wt.%, about 4.5 wt.%, about 4.8 wt.%, about 5.0 wt.%, about 5.5 wt.%, about 6.0 wt.%, about

6.5 wt.%, about 7.0 wt.%, about 7.5 wt.%, about 8.0 wt.%, about 8.5 wt.%, about 9.0 wt.%, about 9.5 wt.%, about 10.0 wt.%, or any range or value therein.

[0077] In some embodiments, the one or more gelling agents may be present at a concentration, individually or collectively, relative to the total weight of the composition, of about 0.1 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 4 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 1 wt.%, 0.1 wt.% to about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 4 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 1 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 4 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, about 2 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 2 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 3 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 3 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, or any range or value therein.

[0078] Detackifying Agents

[0079] In some embodiments, a hand sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure comprises one or more detackifying agents. The term “detackifying agent,” as used herein, means an agent which prevents, reduces, or eliminates the sticky (i.e., “tacky”) feeling of the composition typically imparted by gelling agents, humectants, or other ingredients.

[0080] The one or more detackifying agents may comprise any suitable agent or combination of agents to effectively reduce the sticky or tacky feeling associated with humectants and/or gelling agents in the composition. By way of non-limiting example, the one or more detackifying agents may comprise waxes, silicones, fluorochemicals, powders, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the one more detackifying agents may comprise glycereth-26, isodeceth-4, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the one or more detackifying agents may include dimethicone copolyols, polyoxyethylene glycols, such as PEG- 12 or PEG-8 (e.g., CARBOWAX SENTRY® Polyethylene Glycol 400 NF), or mixtures thereof.

[0081] The one or more detackifying agents may be present at any concentration suitable to reduce the stickiness (or “tack”) associated with humectants, gelling agents, or any other ingredients included in the composition. In some embodiments, the one or more detackifying agents may be present at a concentration, individually or collectively, relative to the total weight of the composition, of at least about 0.1 wt.%, at least about 0.2 wt.%, at least about 0.3 wt.%, at least about 0.4 wt.%, at least about 0.5 wt.%, at least about 0.6 wt.%, at least about 0.7 wt.%, at least about 0.8 wt.%, at least about 0.9 wt.%, at least about 1.0 wt.%, at least about 1.2 wt.%, at least about 1.5 wt.%, at least about 1.8 wt.%, at least about 2.0 wt.%, at least about 2.2 wt.%, at least about 2.5 wt.%, at least about 2.8 wt.%, at least about 3.0 wt.%, at least about 3.2 wt.%, at least about 3.5 wt.%, at least about 3.8 wt.%, at least about 4.0 wt.%, at least about 4.2 wt.%, at least about 4.5 wt.%, at least about 4.8 wt.%, at least about 5.0 wt.%, at least about 5.5 wt.%, at least about 6.0 wt.%, at least about 6.5 wt.%, at least about 7.0 wt.%, at least about 7.5 wt.%, at least about 8.0 wt.%, at least about 8.5 wt.%, at least about 9.0 wt.%, at least about 9.5 wt.%, at least about 10.0 wt.%, or any range or value therein between.

[0082] In some embodiments, the one or more detackifying agents may be present at a concentration, individually or collectively, relative to the total weight of the composition, of no greater than about 10.0 wt.%, no greater than about 9.5 wt.%, no greater than about 9.0 wt.%, no greater than about 8.5 wt.%, no greater than about 8.0 wt.%, no greater than about 7.5 wt.%, no greater than about 7.0 wt.%, no greater than about 6.5 wt.%, no greater than about 6.0 wt.%, no greater than about 5.5 wt.%, no greater than about 5.0 wt.%, no greater than about 4.5 wt.%, no greater than about 4.0 wt.%, no greater than about 3.5 wt.%, no greater than about 3.0 wt.%, or any range or value therein between.

[0083] In some embodiments, the one or more detackifying agents may be present at a concentration, individually or collectively, relative to the total weight of the composition, of about 0.1 wt.%, about 0.2 wt.%, about 0.3 wt.%, about 0.4 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.6 wt.%, about 0.7 wt.%, about 0.8 wt.%, about 0.9 wt.%, about 1.0 wt.%, about 1.2 wt.%, about 1.5 wt.%, about 1.8 wt.%, about 2.0 wt.%, about 2.2 wt.%, about 2.5 wt.%, about 2.8 wt.%, about 3.0 wt.%, about 3.2 wt.%, about 3.5 wt.%, about 3.8 wt.%, about 4.0 wt.%, about 4.2 wt.%, about 4.5 wt.%, about 4.8 wt.%, about 5.0 wt.%, about 5.5 wt.%, about 6.0 wt.%, about 6.5 wt.%, about 7.0 wt.%, about 7.5 wt.%, about 8.0 wt.%, about 8.5 wt.%, about 9.0 wt.%, about 9.5 wt.%, about 10.0 wt.%, or any range or value therein.

[0084] In some embodiments, the one or more detackifying agents may be present at a concentration, individually or collectively, relative to the total weight of the composition, of about 0.1 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 4 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 1 wt.%, 0.1 wt.% to about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 4 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 1 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 4 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, about 2 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 2 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 3 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 3 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, or any range or value therein.

[0085] Oily Phase

[0086] In some embodiments, a hand sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure comprises an oily phase comprising one or more oils. By way of non-limiting example, the one or more oils may comprise vegetable oils, mineral oils, animal oils, or synthetic waxes, oils or butters, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the oils may comprise: one or more mineral oils (e.g, PRIMOL 352®, MARCOL 82®, and MARCOL

152® sold by Esso); one or more vegetable oils (e.g., almond oil, sweet almond oil, palm oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, etc.); one or more animal oils or substitutes of vegetable origin (e.g., lanolin, squalene or fish oil and derivatives thereof, such as perhydrosqualene, e.g., sold as SOPHIDERM® by Sophim); one or more synthetic oils (e.g., cetearyl isononanoate, such as CETIOL SN PH® by Cognis France, isononyl isononanoate, such as DUB ININ® sold by Stearinerie Dubois, diisopropyl adipate, such as CRODAMOL DA® by Croda, isopropyl palmitate, such as CRODAMOL IPP® by Croda, caprylic/capric triglyceride, such as MIGLYOL 812® sold by Univar, hydrogenated polyisobutene, such as PARLEAM ® products by Rossow); one or more silicone oils (e.g., dimethicone, such as Q7- 9120 Silicone Fluid®, with a viscosity of 20 cSt to 12 500 cSt, by Dow Coming, cyclomethicone, such as ST-Cyclomethicone 5NF®, by Dow Corning, or DC 9045 Elastomer Blend®, by Dow Coming); or any combination thereof.

[0087] In some embodiments, the one or more oils be present at a concentration, individually or collectively, relative to the total weight of the composition, of at least about 0.5 wt.%, at least about 0.6 wt.%, at least about 0.7 wt.%, at least about 0.8 wt.%, at least about 0.9 wt.%, at least about 1.0 wt.%, at least about 1.2 wt.%, at least about 1.5 wt.%, at least about 1.8 wt.%, at least about 2.0 wt.%, at least about 2.5 wt.%, at least about 3.0 wt.%, at least about 3.5 wt.%, at least about 4.0 wt.%, at least about 4.5 wt.%, at least about 5.0 wt.%, at least about 5.5 wt.%, at least about 6.0 wt.%, at least about 6.5 wt.%, at least about 7.0 wt.%, at least about 7.5 wt.%, at least about 8.0 wt.%, at least about 8.5 wt.%, at least about 9.0 wt.%, at least about 9.5 wt.%, at least about 10 wt.%, or any range or value therein between.

[0088] In some embodiments, the one or more oils may be present at a concentration, individually or collectively, relative to the total weight of the composition, of no greater than about 10.0 wt.%, no greater than about 9.5 wt.%, no greater than about 9.0 wt.%, no greater than about 8.5 wt.%, no greater than about 8.0 wt.%, no greater than about 7.5 wt.%, no greater than about 7.0 wt.%, no greater than about 6.5 wt.%, no greater than about 6.0 wt.%, no greater than about 5.5 wt.%, no greater than about 5.0 wt.%, no greater than about 4.5 wt.%, no greater than about 4.0 wt.%, no greater than about 3.5 wt.%, no greater than about 3.0 wt.%, or any range or value therein between.

[0089] In some embodiments, the one or more oils may be present at a concentration, individually or collectively, relative to the total weight of the composition, of about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.8 wt.%, about 1.0 wt.%, about 1.2 wt.%, about 1.5 wt.%, about 1.8 wt.%, about 2.0 wt.%, about 2.2 wt.%, about 2.5 wt.%, about 2.8 wt.%, about 3.0 wt.%, about 3.2 wt.%, about 3.5 wt.%, about 3.8 wt.%, about 4.0 wt.%, about 4.2 wt.%, about 4.5 wt.%, about 4.8 wt.%, about 5.0 wt.%, about 5.5 wt.%, about 6.0 wt.%, about 6.5 wt.%, about 7.0 wt.%, about 7.5 wt.%, about 8.0 wt.%, about 8.5 wt.%, about 9.0 wt.%, about 9.5 wt.%, about 10.0 wt.%, or any range or value therein between.

[0090] In some embodiments, the one or more oils may be present at a concentration, individually or collectively, relative to the total weight of the composition, of about 0.5 wt.% to about 10.0 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 4 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, about 0.5 to about 1 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 4 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, about 3 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 3 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 3 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, or any range or value therein.

[0091] Water

[0092] The skin sanitizing compositions according to the present disclosure may comprise water at a concentration by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of about 0 wt.% to about 45 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 40 wt.%, about 10 wt.% to about 30 wt.%, or about 15 wt.% to about 25 wt.%. In some embodiments, the water is present at a concentration by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of about 0 wt.%, about 1 wt.%, about 2 wt.%, about 3 wt.%, about 4 wt.%, about 5 wt.%, about 6 wt.%, about 7 wt.%, about 8 wt.%, about 9 wt.%, about 10 wt.%, about 12 wt.%, about 15 wt.%, about 18 wt.%, about 20 wt.%, about 22 wt.%, about 25 wt.%, about 30 wt.%, about 35 wt.%, about 40 wt.%, about 45 wt.%, or any range or value therein between. (0093] Other Additives

(0094] The hand sanitizing compositions according to the present disclosure may comprise a broad range of optional ingredients or additives. The CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, Fifteenth Edition, 2014, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, describes a wide variety of nonlimiting cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients commonly used in the skin care industry, which are suitable for use in the hand sanitizing compositions of the present disclosure. Nonlimiting examples of genera of such ingredients include: abrasives, anti-acne agents, anticaking agents, antioxidants, binders, biological additives, bulking agents, chelating agents, chemical additives; colorants; cosmetic astringents, cosmetic biocides, denaturants, drug astringents, emulsifiers, external analgesics, film formers, fragrance components, humectants, opacifying agents, plasticizers, preservatives, propellants, reducing agents, skin bleaching agents, skin-conditioning agents (emollient, humectants, miscellaneous, and occlusive), skin protectants, solvents, foam boosters, hydrotropes, solubilizing agents, suspending agents (nonsurfactant), sunscreen agents, ultraviolet light absorbers, and viscosity increasing agents (aqueous and nonaqueous), solubilizing agents, sequestrants, and keratolytics, and any combination thereof.

(0095] Composition Forms

(0096] A skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure may be in any galenical form that ensures the composition is stable, non-irritating to the skin, non-drying to the skin, and pleasant and easy to apply. In some embodiments, the skin sanitizing composition may be an emulsion (e.g., oil-in water emulsion or water-in-oil emulsion), a gel, a cream, a cream-gel, a solution, suspension, lotion, milk, ointment, salve, foam (e.g., aerosol or self-foaming composition), balm, or paste. In some embodiments, the skin sanitizing composition is an emulsion. [0097] pH

[0098] A hand sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure may have any suitable pH for ensuring antibacterial efficacy, composition stability, non-irritation to the skin, protection against water loss, and improving cutaneous hydration. In some embodiments, a hand sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure has a pH of between about 5.0 and about 9.0, between about 5.0 and about 8.5, between about 5.0 and about 8.0, between about 5.0 and about 7.5, between about 5.0 and about 7.0, between about 5.0 and about 6.5, between about 5.0 and about 6.0, between about 5.5 and about 9.0, between about 5.5 and about 8.5, between about 5.5 and about 8.0, between about 5.5 and about 7.5, between about 5.5 and about 7.0, between about 5.5 and about 6.5, between about 6.0 and about 9.0, between about 6.0 and about 8.5, between about 6.0 and about 8.0, between about 6.0 and about 7.5, between about 6.0 and about 7.0, between about 6.5 and about 9.0, between about 6.5 and about 8.5, between about 6.5 and about 8.0, between about

6.5 and about 7.5, between about 6.5 and about 7.0, between about 7.0 and about 9.0, between about 7.0 and about 8.5, between about 7.0 and about 8.0, between about 7.0 and about 7.5, between about 7.5 and about 9.0, between about 7.5 and about 8.5, between about

7.5 and about 8.0, between about 8.0 and 9.0, or any range or value therein.

[0099] In some embodiments, a hand sanitizing composition according to the present application may have a pH of about 5.0, about 5.1 about 5.2, about 5.3, about 5.4, about 5.5, about 5.6, about 5.7, about 5.8, about 5.9, about 6.0, about 6.1, about 6.2, about 6.3, about 6.4, about 6.5, about 6.6, about 6.7, about 6.8, about 6.9, about 7.0, about 7.1, about 7.2, about 7.3, about 7.4, about 7.5, about 7.6, about 7.7, about 7.8, about 7.9, about 8.0, about 8.1, about 8.2, about 8.3, about 8.4, about 8.5, about 8.6, about 8.7, about 8.8, about 8.9, about 9.0, or any range or value therein between.

[0100 ] pH Adjusting Agents

[0101 ] In some embodiments, a skin sanitizing composition may include one or more pH adjusting agents suitable for adjusting the pH of the composition to be in any of the ranges discussed above. In some embodiments, the pH adjusting agent may comprise one or more suitable mineral acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, sulfuric acid, etc.), carboxylic acids (e.g., citric acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, benzoic acid, malonic acid, salicylic acid, gluconic acid, etc.), polymeric acids (e.g., straight-chain poly(acrylic) acid and its copolymers, such as maleic-acrylic, sulfonic-acrylic, and styrene-acrylic copolymers), cross-linked polyacrylic acids, poly(methacrylic) acids, carageenic acid, alginic acid, etc.), and any combination thereof.

[0102] The pH may be raised or made more alkaline by addition of any suitable alkaline pH adjusting agent (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, etc.). In some embodiments, the one or more pH adjusting agents may comprise: ammonia; mono-, di-, and tri-alkyl amines (e.g., trimethylamine); mono-, di-, and tri-alkanolamines (e.g., monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, isopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, and triisopropanolamine); alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, etc.); alkali metal and alkaline earth metal silicates; and other pH adjusters (e.g., aminomethylpropanol (AMP-95), tetrahydroxypropylethylenediamine, ETHOMEEN® C-25 (PEG- 15 cocoamine), etc.).

[0103] In some embodiments, the one or more pH adjusting agents comprises a buffering agent. A buffering agent is a chemical compound that is or compounds that are added to a solution to allow that solution to resist changes in pH as a result of either dilution or small additions of acids or bases. Effective buffer systems employ solutions which contain large and approximately equal concentrations of a conjugate acid-base pair (or buffering agents). A buffering agent employed herein may be any such chemical compound(s) which is pharmaceutically acceptable, including but not limited to salts (conjugates acids and/or bases) of phosphates and citrates. In some aspects, the buffering agent comprises phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or an alternative phosphate buffer. (0104] Bactericidal, Virucidal, Yeasticidal, and Fungicidal Efficacy

[0105] In some embodiments, the skin sanitizing compositions have high antibacterial (bactericidal) efficacy, as determined according to the EN1500 Hygienic Handrub Method. (See, e.g., https://vivotesting.com/information/en-1500-hygienic-handrub -method.) In some embodiments, the skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure achieves a log reduction in the number of viable bacteria present on the skin (according to the EN1500 Hygienic Handrub Method) of at least 3.00, at least 3.05, at least 3.10, at least 3.15, at least 3.20, at least 3.25, at least 3.30, at least 3.35, at least 3.40, at least 3.45, at least 3.50, at least

3.55, at least 3.60, at least 3.65, at least 3.70, at least 3.75, at least 3.80, at least 3.85, at least

3.90, at least 3.95, at least 4.00, at least, 4.05, at least 4.10, at least 4.15, at least 4.20, at least 4.25, at least 4.30, at least 4.35, at least 4.40, at least 4.45, at least 4.50, at least 4.55, at least

4.60, at least 4.65, at least 4.70, at least 4.75, at least 4.80, at least 4.85, at least 4.90, at least

4.95, at least 5.00, at least 5.10, at least 5.15, at least 5.20, at least 5.25, at least 5.30, at least

5.35, at least 5.40, at least 5.45, at least 5.50, at least 5.55, at least 5.60, at least 5.65, at least

5.70, at least 5.75, at least 5.80, at least 5.85, at least 5.90, at least 5.95, at least 6.00, at least

6.05, at least 6.10, at least 6.15, at least 6.20, at least 6.25, at least 6.30, at least 6.35, at least

6.40, at least 6.45, at least 6.50, or any range or value therein.

[0106] In some embodiments, the skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure achieves a log reduction in the number of viable bacteria present on the skin (according to the EN1500 Hygienic Handrub Method) of about 3.00, about 3.05, about 3.10, about 3.15, about 3.20, about 3.25, about 3.30, about 3.35, about 3.40, about 3.45, about 3.50, about 3.55, about 3.60, about 3.65, about 3.70, about 3.75, about 3.80, about 3.85, about 3.90, about 3.95, about 4.00, about, 4.05, about 4.10, about 4.15, about 4.20, about 4.25, about 4.30, about 4.35, about 4.40, about 4.45, about 4.50, about 4.55, about 4.60, about 4.65, about 4.70, about 4.75, about 4.80, about 4.85, about 4.90, about 4.95, about 5.00, about 5.10, about 5.15, about 5.20, about 5.25, about 5.30, about 5.35, about 5.40, about 5.45, about 5.50, about 5.55, about 5.60, about 5.65, about 5.70, about 5.75, about 5.80, about 5.85, about 5.90, about 5.95, about 6.00, about 6.05, about 6.10, about 6.15, about 6.20, about 6.25, about 6.30, about 6.35, about 6.40, about 6.45, about 6.50, or any range or value therein between. [0107] In some embodiments, the skin sanitizing compositions have a high antibacterial efficacy according to the EN1276 norm. (See, e.g., BSI STANDARDS, EN1276: Chemical Disinfectants and Antiseptics - Quantitative Suspension Test for the Evaluation of Bactericidal Activity of Chemical Disinfectants and Antiseptics Used in Food, Industrial, Domestic and Institutional Areas - Test Method and Requirements (2019), https://www.en- standard.eu/publicdoc/bs-en-1276-2019-chemical-disinfectants -and-antiseptics.pdf.) In some embodiments, the skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure achieves a log reduction in the number of viable bacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus hirae, etc.) (according to the EN1276 test) of greater than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 3.05, greater than or equal to 3.10, greater than or equal to 3.15, greater than or equal to 3.20, greater than or equal to 3.25, greater than or equal to 3.30, greater than or equal to 3.35, greater than or equal to 3.40, greater than or equal to 3.45, greater than or equal to 3.50, greater than or equal to 3.55, greater than or equal to 3.60, greater than or equal to 3.65, greater than or equal to 3.70, greater than or equal to 3.75, greater than or equal to 3.80, greater than or equal to 3.85, greater than or equal to 3.90, greater than or equal to 3.95, greater than or equal to 4.00, greater than or equal to, 4.05, greater than or equal to 4.10, greater than or equal to 4.15, greater than or equal to 4.20, greater than or equal to 4.25, greater than or equal to 4.30, greater than or equal to 4.35, greater than or equal to 4.40, greater than or equal to 4.45, greater than or equal to 4.50, greater than or equal to 4.55, greater than or equal to 4.60, greater than or equal to 4.65, greater than or equal to 4.70, greater than or equal to 4.75, greater than or equal to 4.80, greater than or equal to 4.85, greater than or equal to 4.90, greater than or equal to 4.95, greater than or equal to 5.00, greater than or equal to 5.10, greater than or equal to 5.15, greater than or equal to 5.20, greater than or equal to 5.25, greater than or equal to 5.30, greater than or equal to 5.35, greater than or equal to 5.40, greater than or equal to 5.45, greater than or equal to 5.50, greater than or equal to 5.55, greater than or equal to 5.60, greater than or equal to 5.65, greater than or equal to 5.70, greater than or equal to 5.75, greater than or equal to 5.80, greater than or equal to 5.85, greater than or equal to 5.90, greater than or equal to 5.95, greater than or equal to 6.00, greater than or equal to 6.05, greater than or equal to 6.10, greater than or equal to 6.15, greater than or equal to 6.20, greater than or equal to 6.25, greater than or equal to 6.30, greater than or equal to 6.35, greater than or equal to 6.40, greater than or equal to 6.45, greater than or equal to 6.50, or any range or value therein.

[0108] In some embodiments, the skin sanitizing compositions have a high fungicidal or yeasticidal efficacy according to the EN1650 norm. (See, e.g., EN1650: Chemical Disinfectants and Antiseptics - Quantitative Suspension Test for the Evaluation of Fungicidal or Yeasticidal Activity of Chemical Disinfectants and Antiseptics Used in Food, Industrial, Domestic and Institutional Areas - Test Method and Requirements (2019), https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/cen/4da0f336-4b9 e-47a9-9593-7del66197dl l/en- 1650-2019). In some embodiments, the skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure achieves a log reduction in the number of viable yeast or fungi (e.g., Candida albicans DSM 1386, etc.) (according to the EN1650 norm) of greater than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 3.05, greater than or equal to 3.10, greater than or equal to 3.15, greater than or equal to 3.20, greater than or equal to 3.25, greater than or equal to 3.30, greater than or equal to 3.35, greater than or equal to 3.40, greater than or equal to 3.45, greater than or equal to 3.50, greater than or equal to 3.55, greater than or equal to 3.60, greater than or equal to 3.65, greater than or equal to 3.70, greater than or equal to 3.75, greater than or equal to 3.80, greater than or equal to 3.85, greater than or equal to 3.90, greater than or equal to 3.95, greater than or equal to 4.00, greater than or equal to, 4.05, greater than or equal to 4.10, greater than or equal to 4.15, greater than or equal to 4.20, greater than or equal to 4.25, greater than or equal to 4.30, greater than or equal to 4.35, greater than or equal to 4.40, greater than or equal to 4.45, greater than or equal to 4.50, greater than or equal to 4.55, greater than or equal to 4.60, greater than or equal to 4.65, greater than or equal to 4.70, greater than or equal to 4.75, greater than or equal to 4.80, greater than or equal to 4.85, greater than or equal to 4.90, greater than or equal to 4.95, greater than or equal to 5.00, greater than or equal to 5.10, greater than or equal to 5.15, greater than or equal to 5.20, greater than or equal to 5.25, greater than or equal to 5.30, greater than or equal to 5.35, greater than or equal to 5.40, greater than or equal to 5.45, greater than or equal to 5.50, greater than or equal to 5.55, greater than or equal to 5.60, greater than or equal to 5.65, greater than or equal to 5.70, greater than or equal to 5.75, greater than or equal to 5.80, greater than or equal to 5.85, greater than or equal to 5.90, greater than or equal to 5.95, greater than or equal to 6.00, greater than or equal to 6.05, greater than or equal to 6.10, greater than or equal to 6.15, greater than or equal to 6.20, greater than or equal to 6.25, greater than or equal to 6.30, greater than or equal to 6.35, greater than or equal to 6.40, greater than or equal to 6.45, greater than or equal to 6.50, or any range or value therein.

[0109] Cutaneous Hydration

[0110] In some embodiments, a skin sanitizing composition of the present disclosure is capable of moisturizing skin, despite having a high concentration of ethanol. In some embodiments, the skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure increases the cutaneous hydration rate (compared to untreated skin), at 8 hours or longer after application, of at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, or any range or value therein.

(0111 | In some embodiments, a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure increases the cutaneous hydration (compared to untreated skin), at a time of at least 1 hour, at least 2 hours, at least 4 hours, at least 8 hours, at least 12 hours, at least 16 hours, at least 24 hours, or longer after application, by about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, or any range or value therein between.

[0112] In some embodiments, the cutaneous hydration is evaluated by measurement performed with CORNEOMETER® CM 825 (COURAGE & KHAZAKA). The measurement principle is based on a capacitance measurement, whereby the surface of the measurement head, in contact with the skin, modifies its electrical capacitance according to the humidity level of the skin. This technique is a well-established method to reproducibly and accurately determine the hydration level of the skin surface (e.g., the humidity level of the most external cutaneous layers of the stratum corneum (10-20 pm depth)). An increase in the measured hydration level indicates a moisturizing effect on skin, while no change in the measured hydration level indicates a non-drying effect on skin. (0113] Protection Against Water Loss

[0114] The cutaneous barrier acts as a regulator in skin water balance. When the cutaneous barrier is damaged, the water exchange regulation system of the skin becomes destabilized, permitting water to more easily migrate to the outside environment, thereby increasing trans- epidermal water loss (TEWL). However, if the condition of the cutaneous barrier improves, water loss decreases as the water exchange regulation mechanism recovers its balance.

[0115] Water loss is due to evaporation, calculated by determining the pressure gradient of the water vapor layer surrounding the skin. More specifically, this technique enables evaluation of the barrier effect of the stratum corneum and hydrolipidic film. In some embodiments, TEWL measurements are performed using a TEWAMETER TM 300®. In this measurement, a probe made up of two captors is traversed by a flow of water vapor. The difference of the partial pressure is measured between the two captors. This value corresponds to the evaporation speed of a volatile substance (e.g., water).

[0116] In some embodiments, the skin sanitizing compositions of the present disclosure are capable of protecting the skin against water loss, when compared to untreated skin, despite having high concentrations of ethanol. In some embodiments, the skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure decreases the TEWL (compared to untreated skin), at 1 hour or longer after application, by at least about 5 %, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, or any range or value therein.

[0117] In some embodiments, a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure decreases TEWL (compared to untreated skin), for 1 hour or longer after application, by about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, or any range or value therein between.

[0118] In some embodiments, a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure decreases TEWL by any of the values (%) disclosed above, for at least about 1 hour, at least about 2 hours, at least about 3 hours, at least about 4 hours, at least about 5 hours, at least about 6 hours, at least about 7 hours, at least about 8 hours, at least about 9 hours, at least about 10 hours, at least about 12 hours, at least about 14 hours, at least about 16 hours, at least about 18 hours, at least about 20 hours, at least about 22 hours, at least about 24 hours, at least about 30 hours, at least about 36 hours, or any range or value therein.

[0119] Methods for Sanitizing Skin, Moisturizing Skin, Treating and/or Preventing Dry Skin, and Decreasing the Sensitivity of Sensitive Skin

[0120] In another aspect, which may be combined with any other aspect or embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method of sanitizing skin, comprising: applying a skin sanitizing composition of the present disclosure to the skin of a human subject. In another aspect, which may be combined with any other aspect or embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method of moisturizing skin, comprising: applying a skin sanitizing composition according the present disclosure to the skin of a human subject. In another aspect, which may be combined with any other aspect or embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method of treating and/or preventing dry skin, comprising: applying a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure to the skin of a human subject. In another aspect, which may be combined with any other aspect or embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method of decreasing the sensitivity of sensitive skin, comprising applying a skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure to the sensitive skin of a human subject.

[0121] For purposes of this disclosure, “sensitive skin” is defined by the occurrence of unpleasant sensations (e.g., stinging, burning, pain, pruritus, and tingling sensations) in response to neuro-mediated inflammation and external stimuli that normally should not provoke such sensations.

[0122] In some embodiments, the skin sanitizing composition is applied to the skin (including sensitive skin) of a human subject at least once daily, at least twice daily, or at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50 times daily. In some embodiments, the skin sanitizing composition is applied to the skin (including sensitive skin) of a human subject at least once weekly, at least twice weekly, or at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 220, 240, 260, 280, 300, 320, 340, or 350 times weekly.

[0123] In some embodiments, the skin sanitizing composition is applied to the skin (including sensitive skin) of a human subject at least once daily for up to 5 days, up to 7 days, up to 10 days, up to 14 days, up to 21 days, or up to 28 days, or any range or value therein between. In some embodiments, the skin sanitizing composition is applied to the skin (including sensitive skin) of a human subject at least once daily for at least 1 day, at least 2 days, at least 3 days, at least 4 days, at least 5 days, at least 6 days, at least 7 days, at least 8 days, at least 9 days, at least 10 days, at least 14 days, at least 21 days, at least 28 days, or any range or value therein between.

[0124] While the foregoing terms are believed to be well understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, the following definitions are set forth to facilitate explanation of the presently disclosed subject matter.

[0125] The term “a” or “an” may refer to one or more of that entity, i.e. can refer to plural referents. As such, the terms “a” or “an”, “one or more” and “at least one” are used interchangeably herein. In addition, reference to “an element” by the indefinite article “a” or

“an” does not exclude the possibility that more than one of the elements is present, unless the context clearly requires that there is one and only one of the elements.

[0126] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “one aspect”, or “an aspect” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0127] As used herein, the terms “about” or “approximately” when preceding a numerical value indicates the value plus or minus a range of 10% of the value. [0128] As will be understood by one skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, particularly in terms of providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subranges and combinations of subranges thereof. Any listed range can be easily recognized as sufficiently describing and enabling the same range being broken down into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein can be readily broken down into a lower third, middle third and upper third, etc. As will also be understood by one skilled in the art all language such as “up to,” “ at least,” “greater than,” “less than,” and the like, include the number recited and refer to ranges which can be subsequently broken down into subranges as discussed above. Finally, as will be understood by one skilled in the art, a range includes each individual member. Thus, for example, a group having 1-3 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, or 3 cells. Similarly, a group having 1-5 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 cells, and so forth.

[0129] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the present application and relevant art and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. While not explicitly defined below, such terms should be interpreted according to their common meaning.

[0130] In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group.

[0131] Unless the context indicates otherwise, it is specifically intended that the various features of the invention described herein can be used in any combination. Moreover, the disclosure also contemplates that in some embodiments, any feature or combination of features set forth herein can be excluded or omitted. To illustrate, if the specification states that a complex comprises components A, B and C, it is specifically intended that any of A, B or C, or a combination thereof, can be omitted and disclaimed singularly or in any combination.

[0132] Unless explicitly indicated otherwise, all specified embodiments, features, and terms intend to include both the recited embodiment, feature, or term and equivalents thereof.

[ 0133] All patents, patent applications, provisional applications, and publications referred to or cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety, including all figures and tables, to the extent they are not inconsistent with the explicit teachings of this specification.

[0134] Reference will now be made in detail to some specific embodiments contemplated by the present disclosure. While various embodiments are described herein, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the present technology to the described embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the technology as defined by the appended claims.

EXAMPLES

[0135] Example 1: Preparation of Skin Sanitizing Composition

[0136] One embodiment of a skin sanitizing composition according the present disclosure is shown in Table 1 and was produced as follows.

[0137] Table 1. Moisturizing Skin Sanitizing Composition

[0138] Preparation of Skin Sanitizing Composition

[0139] To a main tank, 661.2 g water was added at 40 °C, and the tank mixer was set to 11,000 rpm. To the water, 17.5 g Carbomer Interpolymer MFR (Type B) (Acrylates/C10- C30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer) was slowly added. After adding the Carbomer Interpolymer, contents of the main tank were mixed at 11,000 rpm for 20 seconds, after which mixing was stopped, and the mixture was mixed using a propeller mixer at 300 rpm for 15 minutes. 105 g glycerine was added to the mixer, which was mixed at 300 rpm for an additional 1 minute, followed by addition of 35.0 g CARBOWAX SENTRY® polyethylene glycol 400 NF (PEG-8), and mixing for an additional 2 minutes at 300 rpm.

(0140] To a side vessel, 105.0 g water were added, followed by 35.0 g niacinamide, which was mixed until the niacinamide had dissolved in the water. To this solution, 21.0 g panthenol (75%) was added and mixed until homogeneous. This mixture was added to the main tank and mixed at 350 rpm for 5 minutes.

[0141] Next, 2.8 g AMP was added to the main tank and mixed at 350 rpm for 10 minutes, followed by addition of 35.0 g SIMULGEL® 600 PHA and 87.5 g almond oil/sunflower oil.

Finally, 2395.1 g ethanol (95%) was added, and the mixture was mixed at 350 rpm for 5 minutes.

[0142] The resulting skin sanitizing composition was an off-white emulsion with a creamy texture, as compared to conventional antibacterial sanitizers, which are clear and often very thin and runny or thick and tacky in texture.

[0143] Example 2: Antibacterial, Virucidal, Yeasticidal, and Fungicidal Efficacy

[0144] Antibacterial Efficacy

[0145] EN1500

[0146] Antibacterial efficacy of the skin sanitizing composition according to Example 1 was tested according to the EN1500 norm. A panel of 18 test subjects were assessed for bacterial counts before application of the skin sanitizing composition (but after artificial contamination) and after application of the skin sanitizing composition. (See, e.g., https://vivotesting.com/information/en-1500-hygienic-handrub -method.)

[0147] Following an initial cleansing wash with soft soap to remove natural transient microorganisms, each subject’s hands were dried thoroughly with a paper towel. Each test subject then immersed their hands into a volume of a pure culture of a non-pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli (K12), up to the mid-carpals, for 5 seconds with their fingers spread apart. The test subjects’ hands were then allowed to air dry for 3 minutes, and the fingertips were sampled by rubbing them into a petri dish with sterile tryptic soy broth (TSB) to determine pre-values of viable bacteria present on the hands. See FIG. 1.

[0148] Immediately after pre-value sampling, the subjects’ hands were re-inoculated, then subjected to either the reference handrub procedure with 2 -propanol 60% (v/v) (60 seconds), or the skin sanitizing composition according to Example 1, which was rubbed onto the hands (6 mL for 60 seconds). The subjects’ fingertips were then sampled again for post-values in the same manner as the pre-values, this time with TSB containing a chemical neutralizer. The samples were then diluted appropriately and plated onto tryptic soy agar (TSA) medium, where they were allowed to incubate 18-24 hours at 36 ± 1°C, counted, then re-incubated for an additional 24 hours to detect any potential slow growing colonies.

[0149] The pre- and post-values recovered from the fingertips were evaluated against one another, resulting in a ratio called the reduction factor, which is a quantitative measure of the antimicrobial efficacy. The reduction factor is determined by comparing average counts of viable microorganism colony forming units of the pre-values to the average counts after exposure to the skin sanitizing composition or to the reference 2-propanol.

[0150] To pass the EN1500 norm, the test composition must be statistically non-inferior to the reference. As shown in FIG. 1 and Table 2A, the skin sanitizing composition of Example 1 afforded a reduction factor of 4.45 compared to a reduction factor of 4.22 for the reference 2-propanol. Thus, the skin sanitizing composition of the present application exhibits antibacterial efficacy that is at least on par with, and slightly higher than (i.e., is statistically noninferior to) that observed for the reference 2-propanol, passing the EN1500 norm.

[0151 ] Table 2A, EN1500 Results for Skin Sanitizing Composition of Example 1

[0152] EN1276

[0153] The antibacterial efficacy of skin sanitizing compositions were also tested according to the EN1276 norm. (See, e.g., BSI STANDARDS, EN 1276: Chemical Disinfectants and Antiseptics - Quantitative Suspension Test for the Evaluation of Bactericidal Activity of Chemical Disinfectants and Antiseptics Used in Food, Industrial, Domestic and Institutional Areas - Test Method and Requirements (2019), https://www.en-standard.eu/publicdoc/bs-en- 1276-2019-chemical-disinfectants-and-antiseptics.pdf.)

[0154] Table 2B shows the bactericidal activity of skin sanitizing compositions (and 80%, 50%, and 30% dilutions thereof) according to the EN1276 norm versus Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus hirae, where a log reduction in viable colony forming units of greater than or equal to 5 is considered “passing’ (i.e., evidencing sufficient antibacterial efficacy). Operating conditions included a contact time of 1 min ± 5 sec, with a contact temperature of 20.0°C ± 1.0°C, using a rising liquid of tryptone ( 1 g/L) + NaCl (9g/L) + polysorbate 80 (5 g/L) under clean condition (bovine albumin 0.3 g/L), using distilled water as the diluent. The data shows that skin sanitizing compositions according to the present disclosure show sufficient antibacterial efficacy according to the EN1276 norm.

[0155] Table 2B, EN1276 Results for Skin Sanitizing Compositions of Example 1

[0156] Yeasticidal Activity

[0157] EN1650

[0158] The yeasticidal and fungicidal efficacy of skin sanitizing compositions were also tested according to the EN1650 norm. (See, e.g., EN1650: Chemical Disinfectants and Antiseptics - Quantitative Suspension Test for the Evaluation of Fungicidal or Yeasticidal Activity of Chemical Disinfectants and Antiseptics Used in Food, Industrial, Domestic and Institutional Areas - Test Method and Requirements (2019), https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/cen/4da0f336-4b9 e-47a9-9593-7del66197dl l/en- 1650-2019).

[0159] Table 2C shows the yeasticidal activity of skin sanitizing compositions (and 80%, 50%, and 30% dilutions thereof) according to the EN1650 norm versus Candida albicans DSM 1386, where a log reduction in viable colony forming units of greater than or equal to 4 is considered “passing” (i.e., evidencing sufficient antibacterial efficacy). Operating conditions included a contact time of 1 min ± 5 sec, with a contact temperature of 20.0°C ± 1.0°C, using a rising liquid of tryptone (lg/L) + NaCl (9g/L) + polysorbate 80 (5 g/L) under clean condition (bovine albumin 0.3 g/L), using distilled water as the diluent. The data shows that skin sanitizing compositions according to the present disclosure show sufficient antibacterial efficacy according to the EN1650 norm. [0160] Table 2C. EN1650 Results for Skin Sanitizing Compositions of Example 1

[0161] Virucidal Efficacy

[0162] EN 14476

[0163] Virucidal efficacy of skin sanitizing compositions according to Example 1 against bovine coronavirus (BCoV), strain L9, and modified vaccinia virus, strain Ankara (MV A), were determined according to the EN14476 norm. (See, e.g., EN14476, “Chemical Disinfectants and Antiseptics - Quantitative Suspension Test for the Evaluation of Virucidal Activity in the Medical Area - Test Method and Requirements (German version EN 14476:2013+A2:2019).) According to this norm, a disinfectant or a disinfectant solution at a particular concentration is considered as having virus inactivating properties if within the recommended exposure period the titre is reduced by ≥ 4 log10 (corresponding to inactivation of ≥ 99.99%).

[0164] The skin sanitizing composition according to Example 1 was examined undiluted at 20°C ± 1°C and under clean conditions (0.3 g/L bovine albumin), for an exposure time of 60 seconds, against bovine coronavirus (BCoV), strain L9. For preparation of test virus suspension according to EN14476, cells were infected with a multiplicity of infection of 0.1 at 37°C. After cells showed a cytopathic effect, they were subjected to a freeze/thaw procedure followed by a low speed centrifugation in order to sediment cell debris. After aliquotation of the supernatant, test virus suspension was stored at -80°C.

[0165] The skin sanitizing composition was tested undiluted. Due to the addition of interfering substance and test virus suspension, the 100% test solution was diluted to 80.0 % solution. Furthermore, the skin sanitizing composition was evaluated as 50.0 % and 10.0 % solutions (demonstrating non-active concentration range). These solutions were prepared immediately before the inactivation tests.

[0166] Determination of virucidal activity was carried out in accordance to DIN EN 14476:2019-10 section 5.5. Immediately at the end of a chosen contact time, activity of the disinfectant was stopped by dilution to 1.0 x 10 ^-8 . Titrations of the virus control were performed at the beginning of the test and after the longest exposure time. One part by volume of test virus suspension was mixed with one part interfering substance and eight parts by volume of WSH or Aqua bidest (RTU products). If a 97.0% assay was performed, 0.1 parts by volume of test virus suspension were mixed with 0.2 parts interfering substance and 9.7 parts by volume of Aqua bidest (RTU products).

[0167] For the control of cell sensitivity (interference control), two parts by volume of Aqua bidest were mixed with eight parts by volume of the lowest apparently non-cytotoxic dilution of the product. This mixture or PBS as control was added to permissive cells for one hour. The disinfectant solution was then removed from the cells, and a comparative titration of the virus suspension was performed on the pre-treated cells. Furthermore, a control of efficiency for suppression of disinfectant activity was included. As reference for test validation a 0.7% formaldehyde solution was included. The chosen contact times were 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes.

[0168] Infectivity was determined as endpoint titration transferring 0.1 ml of each dilution into eight wells of a microtitre plate containing 0.1 ml of cell suspension. Microtitre plates were incubated at 37°C in a 5 % CO ₂ atmosphere. The cytopathic effect was observed using an inverted microscope. The infective dose TCID ₅₀ /ml was calculated with the method of Spearman and Karber. (See C. Spearman, “The Method of ‘Right or Wrong Cases’ (Constant Stimuli) Without Gauss’s Formulae,” Br. J. Pyschol. T. 227-242 (1908); G. Karber, “Beitrag zur kollektiven Behandlung pharmakoi ogi scher Reihenversuche,” Arch. Exp. Path. Pharmak. 162:480-487 (1931).)

{0169] Since it was not possible to test the test product due to cytotoxicity with the end point dilution method, in parallel to the end point dilution method the large volume plating method (EVP) was introduced. Following the large volume plating method (EN14476, section 5.5.4.3) the inactivation assays were further diluted 1 :1000 in cell culture medium. The total volume was added (without any further dilution) to the permissive cells. By introducing such a large dilution, it is possible to eliminate cytotoxicity of the test product in order to demonstrate a 4 log10 reduction of virus titre. Calculation of virus titre followed the formula of Taylor or Poisson (EN 14476, section B .3).

[0170] The virucidal activity of the test disinfectant was evaluated by calculating the decrease in titre in comparison with the control titration without disinfectant. The difference is given as the reduction factor (RF). According to DIN EN14476, a disinfectant or a disinfectant solution at a particular concentration has a virus-inactivating efficacy if the titre is reduced at least by 4 log10 steps within the recommended exposure period. This corresponds to an inactivation of ≥ 99.99%.

[0171 ] Results of virucidal testing against BCoV are summarized in Table 2D. At 50.0 % dilution, no residual virus was found after 60 seconds under clean conditions in the quantitative suspension test. The reduction factor was ≥ 3.50 ± 0.38. At 10.0 % dilution, the test product was not active within 60 seconds of exposure time. Since it was not possible to test the undiluted test product due to cytotoxicity with the end point dilution method, in parallel to the end point dilution method, the large volume plating method (EVP) was introduced with 60 seconds of exposure time. The mean virus titre was log10 TCID ₅₀ /ml = 7.00 ± 0.38. The undiluted test product was active after 60 seconds of exposure time. Since residual virus was found in 16 of 576 cell culture units at this time point, the result according to the formula of Taylor was 2.58 log10 TCID ₅₀ . The reduction factor was therefore calculated as 4.42 ± 0.38 (7.00 ± 0.38 log10 TCID ₅₀ - 2.58 log10 TCID ₅₀ ). This corresponds to a virus inactivation efficacy of ≥ 99.99 %.

[0172] Table 2D. Summary of Virucidal Activity Against BCoV (EN14476 Norm)

[0173] Thus, the skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure demonstrated inactivation activity against BCoV after an exposure time of 60 seconds under clean conditions.

[0174] Results of virucidal testing against MV A are summarized in Table 2E. For a 50.0% solution, no residual virus was found after 60 seconds under clean conditions. The reduction factor was ≥ 3.00 ± 00. For a 10.0 % solution, the skin sanitizing composition was not active

-45- within 60 seconds of exposure time. Since it was not possible to test the undiluted test product due to cytotoxicity with the end point dilution method, in parallel to the end point dilution method, the large volume plating method (LVP) was introduced with 60 seconds of exposure time. The mean virus titre was log10 TCID ₅₀ /ml = 6.56 ± 0.18. The undiluted skin sanitizing composition was active after 60 seconds of exposure time. Since no residual virus was found in 576 cell culture units at this time point, the result according to the formula of Poisson was < 1.84 log10 TCID ₅₀ . The reduction factor was therefore ≥ 4.72 ± 0.18 (6.56 ± 0.18 log10 TCID ₅₀ minus < 1.84 log10 TCID ₅₀ ). This corresponds to a virus inactivation of ≥ 99.99%.

[0175] Table 2E, Summary of Virucidal Activity Against MV A (EN14476 Norm)

[0176] Thus, the skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure demonstrated activity against MV A after an exposure time of 60 seconds under clean conditions. Based on its demonstrated activity against MV A, the skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure is considered as having “virucidal activity against all enveloped viruses” according to EN 14476:2013+A2:2019. This includes all enveloped viruses (e.g, HBV, HCV, HIV) as well as members of other virus families (e.g., MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS-CoV-2) and filoviridae (e.g, Ebola virus).

[0177] Example 3: Cutaneous Hydration Versus Commercial Reference Composition

[0178] FIG. 2 shows the change in cutaneous hydration rate achieved by the composition prepared according to Example 1 at 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after application to the skin. As shown in FIG. 2, the hand sanitizing gel according to the present disclosure is able to increase cutaneous hydration (compared to non-treated skin) by 53%, 45%, 35%, and 29% at 2 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, and 8 hr after application, respectively, despite the high concentration of ethanol in the composition (-68.4%).

[0179] The skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure performs surprisingly when compared to a commercial reference hand sanitizer composition (DOVE® Shea Butter & Warm Vanilla Hand Sanitizer (61% v/v ethanol)). ¹ FIG. 3 shows cutaneous hydration data for the commercial reference, which showed improvement in cutaneous hydration (compared to non-treated skin) by 52%, 38%, 23%, and 12% at 2 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, and 8 hr after application, respectively. For all times measured, the hand sanitizing gel according to the present disclosure out-performed the commercial reference composition, with a nearly 2.5 x improvement over the reference cream in cutaneous hydration rate 8 hours after application. (See FIG. 4.) The data for the skin sanitizing gel of the present application and the commercial reference composition are shown in Table 3.

[0180] Table 3. Cutaneous Hydration Rates (%) for Example 1 and Reference 2, 4, 6, and 8

Hours After Application [9181] Example 4: Biometrological Evaluation of Long-Lasting Transepidermal Water Loss Effect and Cutaneous Hydration Effect

[0182] A study population of 17 healthy female subjects between 18 and 65 years old (average age 45 ± 3 years) with skin phototypes I to IV, having dry skin on the forearms (cutaneous hydration rate < 50 A.U., verified using CORNEOMETER®), and without hair on the inner side of the forearms, was selected to evaluate the skin sanitizing composition according to Example 1 for its transepidermal water loss (TEWL) effect and skin moisturizing effect at 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after a single standardized application. This study was an open, intra-individual study, wherein each subject was her own control.

[0183] Before the study, each subject arrived at the test site without having applied any product to the forearms since the previous evening and acclimatized for about 30 minutes in an air-conditioned waiting room with the forearms being bared. Thereafter, two zones were identified on each subject's forearms: one "treated zone" ("TZ") to be treated by the test product; and one "non-treated zone" ("NTZ") as a control (z.e., not to be treated using the test product). Prior to application of any product, the TZ and NTZ were measured for TEWL using a TEWAMETER® and for cutaneous hydration rate using a CORNEOMETER®. Following these measurements, the test product was applied onto the TZ at a single standardized application of 1 pL/cm ² using a light, uniform massage with a fingerstall.

TEWL and cutaneous hydration rate measurements were repeated on the TZ and NTZ at 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after application (t=0).

[0184] The variations (A) in TEWL and in percentage on the mean (A%) were calculated using the following equations ( 1 )-(6), wherein TZ indicates the treated zone, NTZ indicates the non-treated zone, to indicates the time before product application, and ti indicates each measurement time after product application:

[0185] The results for TEWL are shown in Table 4 and FIGs. 5 and 6. In these tests, an equivalent TEWL result for the treated zone versus the untreated zone indicates maintenance of the cutaneous barrier, or a non-drying effect, while a decrease TEWL indicates reinforcement of the cutaneous barrier, which evidences a protective effect. Thus, a non- statistically significant variation in the measured TEWL versus non-treated zone indicates that the skin sanitizing composition does not dry the skin.

[0186] As shown in Table 4, the statistically significant TEWL variation for 2 hours and 4 hours indicates that the skin sanitizing composition reinforces the cutaneous barrier, providing a protective effect against water loss, for at least 4 hours. The non-statistically significant TEWL variation at 8 hours and 24 hours versus the non-treated zone indicates that the skin sanitizing composition does not dry out the cutaneous barrier. Thus, the skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure reinforces the cutaneous barrier for at least 4 hours after a single application and does not dry the skin for up to 24 hours after a single application.

[0187] Table 4. TEWL Results 2, 4, 8, and 24 Hours After Test Product Application

[0188] The results for cutaneous hydration are shown in Table 5 and FIGs. 7 A, 7B, and 8.

The test product presented a significant moisturizing effect two, four, eight, and twenty-four hours after a single standardized application. The increase in cutaneous hydration rate was

100% at 2 hours, 76% at 4 hours, 59% at 8 hours, and 11% after 24 hours, indicating a significant moisturizing effect on skin for at least 24 hours after a single application.

[0189] Table 5. Cutaneous Hydration Rates 2, 4, 8 and 24 Hours After Test Product

Application

[0190] In sum, these studies showed that skin sanitizing compositions according to the present disclosure have a very-long lasting cutaneous barrier maintenance until at least 24 hours after application, as shown by TEWL measurements. Additionally, the skin sanitizing compositions according to the present disclosure present a very long-lasting moisturizing effect until at least 4 hours after application. No adverse events were observed during this study. [0191] Example 8: 21-Day Study on Tolerance, Skin Hydration, Efficacy, and Skin

Barrier Function

[0192] Study Population and Objectives

[0193] A study of 41 healthy male and female subjects, 18-60 years of age (average age 41.15 years), all with self-perceived sensitive skin on the hands/body, completed a clinical study evaluating the effectiveness, tolerability, effect on skin hydration, and effect on skin barrier function for the skin sanitizing composition according to Example 1. The objectives of this study included the following:

• Assessment of cutaneous acceptability (tolerance) before and after first use and 21 days of consecutive use;

• Assessment of skin hydration (using CORNEOMETER®) before and after 21 days of consecutive product test use;

• Assessment of skin barrier function by TEWL measurements (TEWAMETER®) before and after 21 days consecutive product test use;

• Assessment of skin pH with a pH meter before and after 21 days of consecutive test product use;

• Assessment of the state of skin dryness (visual), skin grain fineness (visual), softness (tactile), and suppleness (tactile) by clinical scoring by an expert grader before and after 21 days of consecutive test product use; and

• Assessment of skin sensitivity using the Sensicale questionnaire before and after 21 days of consecutive test product use.

• Self-assessment questionnaire completed at the testing facility at the immediate and 2- day treatment intervals, and completed at home at the 1-day, 3-day, and 7-day treatment intervals.

[0194] Test Product Use [0195] Subjects applied a quarter-sized amount of hand sanitizer thoroughly to the designated inner forearm (according to randomization), from the wrist to midline, and rubbed lightly until dry. Subjects were instructed to apply the test product to their hand and one forearm a minimum of 20 times per day and to not wipe off or rinse. Subjects applied the test product from 20 to 45 times per day, at an average of 23 applications per day.

[0196] Clinical Assessment of Tolerance by Expert Grader (Objective)

[0197] Subjects were visually evaluated at each interval for erythema, dryness, and edema using the following scoring scale: 0 = absent; 1 = mild; 2 = moderate; 3 = severe. If noted, any other signs of visible irritation were recorded. The data are shown in Table 6 below.

[0198[ Table 6. Objective Tolerance Data Before First Application and After 21 Days of

Consecutive Test Product Use

[0199] Clinical Assessment of Tolerance by Subject (Subjective)

[0200] After each test product use, subjects were asked to rate any sensation of three tolerance parameters - burning, stinging, and itching - using the following scoring scale: 0 none; 1 mild; 2 = moderate; 3 = severe. If noted, any other signs of discomfort were recorded. The data are shown in Table 7 below.

[0201 ] Table 7. Subjective Tolerance Data for Skin Tolerance Parameters Before First Application and After 21 Days of Consecutive Test Product Use

[0202] Subjects were also asked the following questions by the expert grader to evaluate their perception of skin sensitivity:

• The product helped to decrease your skin sensitivity;

• Your hand is more comfortable;

• Your hand skin is less reactive; and

Your hand skin looks healthier.

[0203] The data obtained from test subjects in this post-treatment questionnaire is summarized in FIG. 9 and Table 8 below. [0204] Table 8. Sensitive Skin Questionnaire Completed by Subjects at 15 Minutes After

First Product Application and on Days 1, 3, 7, and 21 in 21 Consecutive Days of Test Product

Use

[0205] As evidenced by the data shown in Table 8 and FIG. 9, the majority of test subjects

"agreed" or "somewhat agreed" that the test product helped to decrease skin sensitivity, improve skin comfort, decrease skin “reactivity” and improve the healthy appearance of skin throughout 21 consecutive days of product use, indicating that the skin sanitizing composition according to the present disclosure is not only well-tolerated and non-irritating to the skin, but that it actually improved skin sensitivity based on subjective assessments by the test subjects.

[0206] Clinical Assessment of Tolerance by Subject

[0207] Throughout 21 consecutive days of test product use, subjects were instructed to record daily any symptoms of burning, stinging, itching, redness, and dryness after each use of the test product and to comment on any other contemporaneous impressions. Each parameter was graded as follows: 0 no recognizable discomfort; 1 mild discomfort; 2 moderate discomfort; 3 severe discomfort. The results from this tolerability assessment are shown in

Table 9 below. [0208] Table 9. Tolerability Assessment for 21 Consecutive Days of Test Product Use

[0209] As indicated in the subjective and objective tolerability data, although some test subjects indicated itching, burning, stinging, redness, and/or dryness related to use of the test product at some point during the study, no adverse events were associated with use of the test product.

[0210] Sensiscale Assessment of Skin Sensitivity by the Subject

[02111 Each subject was instructed to complete a questionnaire regarding the following ten skin symptoms to assess severity of sensitive skin before and after 21 consecutive days of test product use: irritation; tingling; burning; heat sensations; tightness; pain; general discomfort; hot flashes; and redness. Subjects were asked to rate their symptoms on an intensity scale of 0 (zero intensity) to 10 (intolerable intensity). The scores for all ten symptoms were added to produce a total score (“global score”). The questionnaire results are summarized in FIG. 10 and Table 10 below and indicate a statistically significant improvement in all ten skin severity parameters after 21 consecutive days of test product use. In particular, after 21 consecutive days of test product use, the clinical cohort reported a 63% decrease in skin irritation, a 93% decrease in skin tightness, and an 85% decrease in global score (all symptoms). [0212] Table 10. Sensiscale Assessment Results After 21 Consecutive Days of Test Product

Use [0213] Efficacy - Clinical Grading of Skin Dryness, Skin Softness, Skin Grain Fineness/Texture, and Suppleness by Expert Grader

[0214] Each subject had their hands evaluated for skin dryness (visual), softness (tactile), skin grain fineness/texture (visual) and suppleness (tactile). The data are reported in Tables 11, 12, 13, and 14 below, using the scoring scales indicated above each table.

[0215] Table 11. Clinical Grading of Dryness (Visual) Before First Application and After 21 Consecutive Days of Test Product Use

[0216] Table 12. Clinical Grading of Softness (Tactile) Before First Application and After 21 Consecutive Days of Test Product Use

[0217] Table 13. Clinical Grading of Skin Grain Fineness/Skin Texture (Visual) Before First Application and After 21 Consecutive Days of Test Product Use

[0218] Table 14. Clinical Grading of Skin Suppleness (Tactile) Before First Application and

After 21 Consecutive Days of Test Product Use

[0219] In sum, as shown in FIG. 11 and Tables 11-14 above, the clinical efficacy data shows statistically significant improvement in dryness (visual), softness (tactile), skin grain fineness/texture (visual), and skin suppleness (tactile) after 21 consecutive days of product test use.

[0220] Skin pH

[0221 ] Skin pH was measured using Skin-H-Meter PH900 (Courage and Khazaka, Germany) on the designated test sites before the first use and after 21 consecutive days of test product use. Mean skin pH for a control area on the skin (z.e., not exposed to any product) for all test subjects (N=41) was 5.77 (± 0.88) before first use and 5.56 (± 0.65) after consecutive days of test product use. For the test area (i.e., exposed to test product), the mean pH for all test subjects (N=41) was 5.77 (± 0.81) before first use and 5.51 (± 0.60) after consecutive days of test product use. Thus the variation mean was -1%, and there was no statistically significant change in skin pH after 21 consecutive days of test product use. [0222] Cutaneous Hydration

[0223] Skin hydration was measured using a CORNEOMETER® CM 825 (Courage and Khazaka, Germany) to measure the electrical capacitance/hydration of the skin.

Measurements were performed in triplicate on designated test sites (and control sites) at each interval (before first use and after 21 days of consecutive test product use). The data are shown below in Table 15 and FIG. 12. The data shows that the treated site was statistically significantly more hydrated than the control site after 21 consecutive days of test product use.

[0224] Table 15. Evolution of Skin Hydration After 21 Consecutive Days of Test Product Use Versus Baseline (Before First Application) [0225] Skin Barrier Function

[0226] Skin barrier function was assessed using a DermaLab Evaporimeter (Cortex

Technology, Hadsund, Denmark). The evaporimeter probe has two sensors, which measure the vapor pressure gradient arising from air within the chamber in contact with the skin and between the skin and surrounding air. One TEWL measurement was taken from each site (test and control) at each measurement interval (before first use and after 21 consecutive days of test product use). The results are shown in Table 16 and FIG. 13. As evidenced by the data, there was no statistically significant change in skin barrier function for the treated site, when compared to the control site, after 21 consecutive days of test product use. Thus, the test product maintained the skin barrier and did not degrade the function of the skin barrier during the study.

[9227] Table 16. Evolution of Skin Barrier Function (TEWL) After 21 Consecutive Days of Test Product Use Versus Baseline (Before First Application) [0228] In-Use Self -Assessment Questionnaire

[0229] Clinical subjects completed a self-assessment questionnaire at the testing facility at the 0-day, immediate, and 2-day treatment intervals, and completed at home at the 1-day, 3- day, and 7-day treatment intervals. The responses are summarized in Table 17 below. As indicated in the table, a significant percentage of subjects indicated (“agree” or “somewhat agree”) that, immediately upon application, the test product had a soothing effect (90%), had a cooling effect (90%) and left the hand skin feeling refreshed (100%). Additionally, after 21 days of consecutive use (20-45 applications/day), a significant percentage of subjects indicated that the test product did not produce a feeling of compromised skin (92%), did not produce a feeling of tightness, compared to conventional hand sanitizers (85%), did not cause redness (97%), did not irritate the skin, even after repeated applications (87%), and left the skin feeling hygienically clean and hydrated (92%).

[0231] The compositions and methods illustratively described herein may suitably be practiced in the absence of any element or elements, limitation or limitations, not specifically disclosed herein. Thus, for example, the terms “comprising”, “including,” containing”, etc. shall be read expansively and without limitation. Additionally, the terms and expressions employed herein have been used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding any equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof. It is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the disclosure claimed. Thus, it should be understood that although the present disclosure has been specifically disclosed by preferred embodiments and optional features, modification and variation of the disclosure embodied therein herein disclosed may be resorted to by those skilled in the art, and that such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure.

[0232] The disclosure has been described broadly and generically herein. Each of the narrower species and subgeneric groupings falling within the generic disclosure also form part of the methods. This includes the generic description of the methods with a proviso or negative limitation removing any subject matter from the genus, regardless of whether or not the excised material is specifically recited herein. The present technology is not to be limited in terms of the particular embodiments described in this application, which are intended as single illustrations of individual aspects of the present technology. Many modifications and variations of this present technology can be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Functionally equivalent methods and apparatuses within the scope of the present technology, in addition to those enumerated herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing descriptions. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the present technology. It is to be understood that this present technology is not limited to particular methods, reagents, compounds compositions or biological systems, which can, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. [0233] One skilled in the art readily appreciates that the present disclosure is well adapted to carry out the objects and obtain the ends and advantages mentioned, as well as those inherent therein. Modifications therein and other uses will occur to those skilled in the art. These modifications are encompassed within the spirit of the disclosure and are defined by the scope of the claims, which set forth non-limiting embodiments of the disclosure.

[0234] In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group.

[0235] All references, articles, publications, patents, patent publications, and patent applications cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entireties for all purposes.

[0236] However, mention of any reference, article, publication, patent, patent publication, and patent application cited herein is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that they constitute valid prior art or form part of the common general knowledge in any country in the world.