DESCRIPTION

Scope of the invention

[0001] This invention concerns a method that, starting from one or more intermittent renewable energy sources, such as solar and e- lies, allows you to provide electricity to the public electricity grid in a programmed way, at the same time also allows the production of "green" hydrogen.

[0002] The invention also concerns a system that implements this method.

Description of the Prior Art.

[0003] Currently a limit to the spread of the energy produced by rerelevant sources lies in the intermittence and in the fact that they are not programmable, that is, they are unable to provide the electrical network a constant power over the day of the day, making yes that the use of renewable sources will find difficulty in merge and replace the production of electricity with fossil sources, which thanks to the programmability can provide the "Baseload" power, in fact the discontinuous renewable sources such as sun and wind, they cannot replace the thermoelectric plants or programmable that use any fossil or nuclear source.

[0004] A solution to the intermittence and variability of non-programmable renewable sources such as sun, wind, strength of the sea, is to use energy storage systems, which are spreading but in a limited way to applications such as the network balance, frequency regulation and where to provide programmable energy, it can only provide energy for a few hours, since a greater accumulation capacity is very expensive and not very profitable and therefore works and finds convenience in the supply in peak moments.

[0005] In addition, another problem is the connection to the National Electricity Network, as due to the intermittence and the production capacity limited to a few hours of the day, the electrical network managers have problems connecting new systems to the network renewable energy, thus limiting the development of this forms of energy production without green- house gas emissions. Furthermore, as is not, taking into consideration photovoltaic energy, on days that produce at most power, we imagine in the peak hours of production doubting spring or summer, there can be an excess of production of energy that is wasted as higher than the needs. Energy instead of would be used or accumulated in a more effective way and be used when there is a request, without having to be wasted.

[0006] As regards hydrogen, as is known, depending on how it is produced, a classification is used through "colors": the "green" hydrogen, seen as an energy carrier to promote the transition towards economies based on climatic neutrality, to be produced, requires that the eragia that feeds the process of its production, is zero greenhouse gas emissions.

[0007] Therefore, the use of renewable sources is the ideal one for producing "green" hydrogen. However, always due to the intermittence variability, it is difficult to make the "green" hydrogen production systems work at maximum power such as electrolysis, which through electrolysis, using electricity, allow the separation of a water molecule, in its elements such as hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (02 ).

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to demonstrate how, applying give a method revealed here and using technology known in art, it is possible to co-stride with renewable energy, produced with intermittent sources, which is placed on the net in a programmable way both in terms of power introduced and for a definitive span of time and at the same time producing "green" hydrogen and also providing an energy accumulation service produced by other implants based on non -programmable renewable sources.

[0009] It is therefore the purpose of this invention to provide a method which, by starting from one or more intermittent renewable energy sources, such as the energy already solar and wind, it allows you to provide electricity to the public electricity grid in a programmed way, using less connection capacity to the network, in terms of transmissible power and which, said method, also allows the production of type hydrogen to be the same “Green” using energy electricity always produced by renewable sources, not intended to be placed on the net or used to power any electrical load.

[0010] It is also the purpose of the invention to provide a system that implies this method. [0011 ] These and other purposes are achieved by a procedure as defined from claim 1 attached. Particular forms of the invention are defined by the dependent claims.

[0012] According to the invention, a method for producing renewable energy in a programmable way and to produce "green" hydrogen that can be implemented in an power plant includes:- Preparation of one or more electrical energy production plants from non -programmable and variable non -programmable renewable sources, having a total of a predetermined maximum renewable power installed PRI; - Preparation of one or more systems for accumulation of electricity of similar or different technology electrically connected to each other, having a predetermined maximum PS accumulation power which are electrically related to said one or more electricity production systems with a discontinuous and variable renewable source through electrotechnical and electromechanical technical means creating a control unit; - Connection of said control unit to the public electricity network with technical means of transmission of power having a predetermined boulders - but transport power PT.

The method has the characteristic that the predetermined maximum power of the pt of the technical means of transmission of power is equal to or less than 60% of this predetermined maximum renewable power installed PRI. In addition, at least one system for the production of hydro-geno is directly connected to the control unit with a predetermined maximum absorption power for the production of hydrogen pH, and at least a part of the excess power PE = PRI-PT is used for the charge of these one or more systems for accumulation of electric energy and to feed said system for the production of hydrogen.

[0013] In this way it is possible to be understood the technical means of removing power from the control unit to the network, and at the same time maximize local hydrogen production. In fact, by needing the electrolycers of counting and energy stability to be more productive and efficient, for example high temperature steams, the possibility of providing constant electricity over 24 hours, allows an effective hydrogen production. [0014] Therefore, according to possible aspects of the invention it may be that

PT<50%PRI, or also PT<40%PRI, or also PT<30%PRI, or also PT<20%PRI.

[0015] In this way it is also possible to provide these systems, for the production of electricity from renewable sources that are non-programmable discontinuous and variables, also in areas that can be connected to the electrical network with technical means of transmission of power from the control unit to the network very undersized respecting to the control unit, and therefore, compared to the known technique, instead of having to be enhanced on a par with the maximum power of the installed systems, they can be substantially left as they are.

[0016] With this invention, it is also advantageously possible to use the technical means of power transmission to further increase theO Hydrogen production, for example in the hours when the network does not absorb power but is willing to yield at low cost.

[0017] Thanks to the invention, in any moment of renewable electricity production at a power equal to X < PRI a fraction of power X1 < PT is distributed in the network, while a fraction of X-X1 cannot pass through the technical means of transmission of power, and is used for a fraction of power X2 < PS to load one or more accumulation systems, while for a fraction of power X3 < PH it is used for the process of hydrogen. Since the intermittent and non-programmable electricity production system is production of electricity, when it does not produce power or produces too little, one or more accumulation systems provide power to the system for the production of hydrogen so that it always receives sufficient power to produce hydrogen to maximum efficiency.

[0018] In other words, thanks to the particular implementation of the key technicians, known in art and already used for these purposes, which make up the present invention, it is possible to build plants and renewable energy plants, starting from resources such as sun and wind, but also tides and other source disconnect, applying the principle of the "funnel" to the control unit, in terms of outgoing energy and introduced on the public electricity network. In a funnel, a liquid paid in large quantities comes out on the basis of the scope of the augal, which is lower than the accumulation of accumulation in the upper part of the funnel, thus allowing to regulate and reduce the output flow. As known, when we stop paying liquid from above, for a certain period of time, the nozzle continues to provide until the "reserve" is exhausted at the top.

[0019] Therefore, according to the invention, by applying the principle of the funnel to the world of energy, the flow of energy to exit from one or more imprints of unscheduled renewable energy can be reduced, simply by reducing the transmission of transmission in terms of MW or KW of instantaneous power disbursed to the network, corresponding to the opposite, including the technical means and from the lecturer capable of delivering a limited and lower power compared to the total power of energy production plants. The energy that is produced but cannot flow into the electricity grid, therefore in excess, can be used to power a load or local users, but above all to be accumulated in storage systems, as batteries, and/or be used to produce hydrogen of "green" type.

[0020] From a technical point of view this method is applied by creating non-programmable renewable imbalances, such as photovoltaic plants on the ground or on roofs or other surfaces, wind farms both onshore and offshore or systems that use any sea force. These systems are connected to each other to form a single central, developing a power installed higher than that of electromechanical and electrical metal used to connect this power plant to the public electricity grid. The electrical connection or the electrode to the public electric network is sized to be a fraction of the installed power of non-programmable renewable energy plants. To give an example, hypothesis a series of non-programmable renewable systems, connected to each other, for a total of 50 MW as a maximum peak power, are connected to the public electric network in order to be able to transmit 1/5 of the power, therefore 10 MW. Thus creating a funnel effect.

[0021] In this way, in the face of a single connection to the electricity grid, a quantity of energy is entered on the net in an instant figure that is lower than the maximum one of the system or systems, allowing the energy network for a time to the greater and for a certain amount, thanks to the use of systems of accumulation of energy to obtain a "Baseload-type renewable energy plant", capable of delivering a constant energy flow for several hours, according to storage skills. However, it does not make sense to have an accumulation system capable of accumulating, to simplify, the 4/5 of excess energy rejected to that disbursed on the net, as it would be oversized and expensive a so wide accumulation capacity, while it is more advantageous that a part of this energy can be used to feed electrical loads, such as systems, machinery, industries or commercial areas, if these re-reservable systems are at the service of a user . To absorb a quantity of energy capable of reducing the accumulation capacity, the only way also to use said energy in the energy field is to feed a system for hydrogen product. In this way, the proposed method is advantageously allows to produce zero emissions electricity in a programmed and councilive way and produce "green" hydrogen in a single plant system.

[0022] The reduced connection to the public network, through which the plant is connected, can be used not only to enter, but also to withdraw energy from the network, with the aim of fueling the hydrogen production system and/or systems of accumulation. This energy is taken from the network in times when there is an excess or availability of energy from low -cost renewable source. In this way, the plants created according to this method would also make an "accumulation" service by absorbing the energy produced by non-program- mable renewable imbenvisibles that do not implement this method, making available to the public electrical network of storage resources e of hydrogen production, which make up the control unit built according to the present method.

[0023] This invention therefore consists of a method that allows you to create power plants for the production of electricity of the Baseload or programmable type, using technology and technique known in art, but implemented in a way that objectives and of the objectives are obtained greater advantages than current methods of creating renewable systems, which either use the accumulation of electricity or its conversion into hydrogen, but not in a complementary way and integrate how this method aims to demonstrate. [0024] The main effect of this method is to create a funnel effect, going to connect to the electricity grid, only for a fraction of the maximum power of the systems, or with a transport capacity towards the public electricity network lower than the maximum producible. And this purpose is not kept, reducing the power but using systems of connection to the electrical network, reduced so that an additional electricity addition can be entered. From this it follows a whole "forced" but more intelligent way to use the accumulation resources, systems and means for the production of hydrogen and use the public network more efficiently, as well as a more efficient and programmable use of all energy renewable produced by directively connected plants connected to the control unit, which renewable systems based on traditional installation.

[0025] Normally, non-programmable renewable energy plants, of commercial, industrial and utility scale, such as photovoltaics and wind, are connected to the network to the maximum power produced by the plants, but called the maximum power it is disbursed for a few hours compared to minimal and inter-medium powers, which instead are reached for most of the time. With the current state of design of renewable non -programmable energy systems, there is in fact a waste of resources and technical means as well as clogging the electricity grid in vain and non -efficient way, due to the overload of numerous connections that produce energy in a manner Discontinuous and unpredictable. In terms of appliances, it means, more electrical panels, transformers, disseminors, switches and cables with larger section, oversized compared to the average produced on an hourly or daily basis depending on the days and months or displacement of natural source to feed these systems , or availability of sun, wind and strength of the sea of any kind.

[0026] By applying this method in a systematic way, there are plants that therefore consume less components and means of transmission and contribute to a true diffusion of renewable energy as the key problem of their weakness is resolved: the their intermittence and non -programmability. At the same time, intelligently exploiting the energy flows produced internally to the control unit and even outside other systems, it can be produced Most hydrogen volumes because production systems can work on a greater number of hours, thanks to a more constant supply than energy.

[0027] With the simple, but not for this evident, a technical solution to have technical means to connect the control unit to the public electricity network to a fraction of the maximum power produced by non -programmable renewable energy systems, for example 1/5 or 1 /4 or 1/3 or up to 1/2, or in a percentage form of up to 66% of the power, there is the possibility of transmitting a lower flow but so that it is stable and programmable over more hours or even in A different moment of the day, in order to respect a certain and continuous instant power, as if it were a "Baseload" central. This is thanks to the use of accumulators or energy storage systems, which would be loaded with excess energy, produced by renewable systems, when their power produced exceeds the transmissible one.

[0028] In the solutions known in art, the practice of installing non-programmable renewable systems, even with one or more accumulation systems, with a combination of the public electrical network of a power equal to the installed power of non-programmable renewable systems, to a load factor towards the network always about 15-30% per year, depending on the productivity of the renovable resource and regardless of the installed power. This method, therefore, has a opposite approach: to reduce the capacity for transmission to the network with a connection or access to the lower network of the installed power of non-programmable renewable systems, effectively creating a funnel, between the infringement power of renewable energy produced that it is produced only for a few months or in a number limited to 60-120 days, if we consider solar energy and for a few hours a day, in the hours of maximum height of the sun. While with this invention it is possible, even in less productive days, to have a minimum energy flow that can be used to provide the network and to support a load and as the production curve increases, with the variable weather of the weather, accumulating energy and producing hydrogen, as allows you to do the method presented here. This approach to the management of energy production can be applied on a daytime basis, which weekly or monthly/seasonal. [0029] In the state of the design and sizing technique of non -programmable renewable plants, the accumulation solutions are very understood both in terms of power and accumulation, allowing a programmed scheduled supply capacity to a few hours or only for peak regulation or frequency. In addition, many network storage models provide that the storage take energy exclusively from the network, without being produced directly by a special non -programmable renewable energy system. So without directly increasing the installed base of non -programmable renewable energy plants.

[0030] An existing example of a recently completed system that has experienced a hybrid, sunny and wind system, with storage system is the Wheatridge Renewable Energy Facility in Oregon, USA, with a wind farm capacity of 200 MW, 50 MW of Pictures of photovoltaic energy and an accumulation system with a power of 30 MW and 120 MWh of storage capacity, with a 4-hour storage capacity by providing 30 MW on the network of instantaneous power. The transmission capacity to the network is therefore 200 up to a maximum of 250 MW

[0031] If the plant in Oregon had been implemented according to the present method, the capacity of connection to the network would have been 50 mw maximum 100 MW, with a power of the accumulation system of 100 MW and 400 MWH of storage, and a 50 or 100 MW electrolyser. In this way, assuming an instantaneous production of 100 MW, of these 30 MWs will be placed on the net, 40 MW intended for the production of hydrogen and up to 30 MW to be placed in the storage system or vice versa depending on of necessity. In this way, continuity to the network is not given by the intervention of the storage system, but by the funnel effect, where the combinations of 200 MW of wind farms and 50 MW of solar, in many hours of the day or night they will be able to produce more than 30mw of energy; So, sufficient to enter the net on the net to a constant load of 30 MW and the excess would go to the accumulation system and/or used in the production of hydrogen. Thanks to the accumulation capacity of 400 MWH, which it would have had if it had been made with this method, it is possible to feed the electricity grid for 10 hours at 40 MW of power or for 5 hours continuously feeding the electrolyser for 5 hours per at the same time 80% of its power, therefore with 40 MW.

[0032] At the moment of peak production, on the other hand, assuming that the wind and solar systems would difficult to produce an instant power greater than 200 MW at the same time, 50 MW would be placed on the net, 100 MW would have accumulated and 50 MW used for the hydrogen production. In this way, even if the rest of the electricity grid is producing energy more than its needs, the energy produced by the plant according to this invention would never be wasted and placed constantly. Any production drops would disadvantage the production of hydrogen or accumulation, while the entry on the net would be guaranteed.

[0033] It is also evident how by adding a second connection to the electrolyser, equal to its power it is possible to have further withdrawal capacity from the network, of energy that can be converted into hydrogen, thus bringing the use rate up to 95-97% of the electrolyser which could be powered with 50% of all the energy coming directly from the renewable immerships and for the other 50% by energy taken from the network, produced by other renewable systems. This second connection, in reality being of withdrawal from the network, does not change the spirit of this invention, as the connection to the network of a load - which takes only energy from the network, without entering - does not involve instability problems, indeed a 'user that absorbs energy connected to the public network contributes to its stabilization and efficiency.

[0034] Although this method is applicable with any relationship between transmission capacity, power of the accumulation and electrolyser system, an ideal sizing is obtainable, making sure that the sum of these is equal to the total of the installed power of renewable systems not grammatic, with a certain tolerance of 5-10%.

[0035] It follows that the sizing of the installed power can be any arbitrary value, on the basis of the available resources, such as the termination on which to install the systems or available capital or particular production objectives, while the sizing of the transmission capacity, of the power of the accumulation and hydrogen production system, will be given by a simple equivalence: PRI = PT + PS + PH with PRI, which corresponds to the renewable power installed produced by non -programmable or larger renewable systems, if mixed systems and sources are used, cordant and wind example, PT corresponds to the transmission power and connection to the electrical network, PS to the power of the Storage and pH system to the maximum absorption power of the hydrogen production system (Hydrogen).

[0036] Preferably PT = PH, or so that the transmission capacity is equivalent to the maximum power of the hydrogen production system.

[0037] In this case you can have:

PSH = PT*X where PSH is the accumulation capacity in hours, in terms of MWH or multiples or submultiples while X, it may be any number, preferably interact and preferably from 1 to 4 maximum 5, but preferably from 2 to 3, or with a system power accumulation of 2 or 3 or up to 5 or 10-12 times the ability to transmission or the hydrogen production system, or the number of hours of energy that can be made to the maximum transmissible power on the net the sizing of the accumulation capacity in MWH, this also depends on the technical possibilities of the accumulation systems on the market, already predefined, but usually they are a Multiple power, also divided, but in the custom from four or five times the power.

[0038] It is also evident, as following detailed production curves, using statistical models, the accumulation system can be determined, in terms of accumulable energy, on the basis of the production of a system or more systems, including different technique. For example, if a plant according to the pre-method, it has a production of about 2800 MWh/MWP annual, out of a total of 8100 hours per year, you have a load factor of 34.56%, you can also imagine the following Solution: 100 MW of installed power, 33.33 MW of transmission capacity to the electricity grid, 33.33 MW of power of the storage system and 33.33 MW of hydrogen production system.

[0039] In fact, starting from the use of renewable sources that are not programmable and advantageously through the use of energy accumulators, one or more different technical types, in size in terms of power and capacity of different storage, With different response times and together with the production of hydrogen, it is possible to provide programmable and constant electricity, providing only a fraction of the total installed power. The possibility of relying on renewable sources, which are notorable and intermittent, allowing you to deliver energy for 12 if you have an accumulation capacity equal to 12 times the power of the system or the storage systems. Thus being able to provide energy continuously, as if it were a thermoelectric power plant with fossil or nuclear fuel.

[0040] it is evident that it is not part of the purposes of the present, as is possible thanks to the accumulated hydrogen, to use the latter to produce electricity through fuel cells or through hydrogen -powered turbogas plants.

The US document 2022/065162 (Hunt Devis and alt.) shows an example of a renewable control unit which however uses a turbogas power plant to produce energy using hydrogen as fuel, where hydrogen said is produced with renewable energies.

[0041] In this way it is possible to deliver electricity, installing and connecting to the plant made according to this method, or a fuel cell or a gas turbine with steam recovery, or a integral cycle turbogas, to provide through the Network connection, energy continuously and for several days until the hydrogen stocks are exhausted.

[0042] It is another characteristic of this method is that through its implementation, in addition to transmitting energy to the network, it is also possible to absorb it to feed, for example, industrial users as well as feeding the storage systems and for the production of hydrogen, In the moments in which there is an excess of electricity on the public electricity grid, preferably of a renewable type, and when there is no renewable energy entry from the control unit to the public electricity grid, it can be used in a advantageous way, the same electrode or connection electric, thus using on both directions of flows.

[0043] Using energy taken from the network and produced elsewhere allows to achieve a functioning of the plants built according to this prolonged method thanks to the possibility of taking energy in moments of overproduction and using it to accumulate it in storage systems or in the form of hydrogen.

[0044] Everything is advantageously achievable without adding further costs, using the same technical means of transmission and connection to impose energy, the control unit can act as a "storage system" at the service of the entire electricity grid, since there is 'energy taken can be used to power the storage systems, and of course, produce hydrogen, not to mention that

If the system rises near a commercial or industrial user or in the presence of loads, energy production can also feed these users and only a part being conveyed on the net.

[0045] In this way, in overall terms, a plant so built, taking energy from the network, produced by other renewable systems located elsewhere, can process an amount of energy higher than that of a nuclear or thermoelectric power plant, thanks to the possibility to also take energy from the network, which a nuclear or thermoelectric power plant cannot do.

[0046] By creating installations according to the following method, all the components known in art can be used and you can greatly increase the stolen power of non-program- mable renewable systems, thanks to the transport capacity in the public electrical network that could count on entrance powers of the various plants with a lower connection capacity than the installed power of the systems. Which allows not only to make new systems based on this invention, but also, in a advantageous way, to expand the ability of existing systems, exploiting the connection to the existing network and by making so that on the same it can travel the same energy produced by the existing system, but in a contained and programmed way and at the same time accumulating energy and/or producing hydrogen, adding other non-programmable renewable generous power, installing new renewable systems adjacent to the existing one and connecting the latter in an electrical system, and consequently the technical means of connecting to the public network, will be connected directly to the technical vehicles of the plant thus obtained. It is evident that an employee of the technique will be possible to revamping existing systems, implementing this method using technical vehicles and connection solutions that allow you to exploit the existing and terrace connection of the old systems in a central project that It implements this method, adding further capacity for production of wind and/or photovoltaic renewable energy and/or accumulation systems and means to produce hydrogen.

[0047] The hydrogen thus produced is of the "green" type since it will be obtained using only renewable energy to zero-abuse gas emissions, produced by renewable plant systems and through the withdrawal from the renewable energy network produced In other renewable systems not implemented according to this method, then all the hydrogen produced will be of the "green" type.

[0048] advantageously in wanting to invest in this type of central, there is the possibility of diversifying more "energy products": electricity and hydrogen, instead of one or the other, taking advantage of the relative price refereeing, thus favoring the Diffusion and increase in the production of green energy and without CO2 emissions, to respect the decarbonisation objectives that many landscapes and governments have placed at 2050, which can also be achieved with the strong contribution of the "Hydrogen Economy".

[0049] The possibility that the accumulated energy may be used both the entry into the net and for the electrolyser or the system for the production of hydrogen, allows to maximize the production of the latter, increasing the load factor of the 'Electrolysis, in turn increasingly increased with the use of the network in terms of energy withdrawals, to be converted into hydrogen.

[0050] This invention can be achieved with any component or technology on the market and known in art, provided that the method presented here is followed and is sized on the basis of a series of arbitrary parameters, limits of available resources, capital and energy needs , also depending on the objectives of the plant, if for example, produce more electric or more hydrogen energy. For the purposes of this invention, which is abstract, in the representation of the system to build renewable energy plants capable of functioning in basi- load mode and in a programmed manner, it is therefore possible to be full freedom of use of components and techniques that satisfy The main requirements of each element that allows you to implement this method, as well as omitted technical details of plant and detail of the electromechanical and electronic components to implement this invention.

[0051] According to another aspect of the invention, the aforementioned and other purposes are reached by a procedure as defined by the attached claim 17.

Particularly realization forms of the invention are defined by the claims dependent on it. In this way, it is possible to remove the system for hydrogen production in places where it is more convenient for exploitation, using a fraction of the energy transport and the energy accumulated when the system

Production is not producing, so that the energy that arrives at the hydrogen production plant is constant.

[0052] In particular, in any moment of production of renewable electric energy at a power equal to X < PRI, a fraction of power X1 is distributed in the network and a fraction of power X3 < PH is intended for the production of Hydrogen, while a fraction of power X- (X1 +X3) < PT cannot pass through the technical means of transmission of power, and is used for a fraction of power X2 < PS to load one or more storage systems, and in which when the renewable electricity production system does not produce power or produces too little, one or more storage systems provide power to the system for the production of hydrogen so that it always receives sufficient power to produce hydrogen to maximum efficiency. In particular, X2 = X- (X1 +X3) during production by the system.

[0053] According to another aspect of the invention, the aforementioned and other purpo- ses are reached by a system to create the method as defined above.

Brief description of the drawings

[0054] The invention will be illustrated below with the description that follows its forms of realization, made by way of example and not limiting, with reference to the attached drawings in which:

- Figure 1 represents a scheme of the components and energy flows, of a first implementation of the invention.

- Figure 2 represents the state of the art of a pattern of a plant for the production of energy from non -programmable renewable sources.

- Figure 3 represents a second implementation of the invention, with the production of hydrogen carried out by a system not directly connected to the control unit.

- Figure 4 is represented a solution comprising more than programmable renewable energy power plants that feed a single system of hydrogen production.

Description of favorite realization forms

[0055] in Fig. 1 is schematically represented a power plant implemented according to this method through the representation of the components main electrical connections. The ideal perimeter where the plant perimeter of central (100) made according to this method is depicted with the outlined line (100).

[0056] A difference compared to a power plant that can be made according to the state of current art, is that the capacity for transporting the connection to the network is lower than the power of the systems.

[0057] To make this difference, a number of upper lines visible in Fig. 2 - "State of the art" was used in which the state of the art is represented. The connection of the various renewable systems, each represented solar panels and wind turbines, has five lines to demonstrate the need for technical means to fill the public network, represented by the trellis, far greater than a control unit made with this method, which needs of minor technical means for connection to the control unit and is connected with a single "line".

[0058] Fig. 1 represents an application of the method for creating plants (100) including renewable energy production plants (10, 11), accumulation systems (17, 18) and the hydrogen production system (19 ), represented by a symbol of an electrolyser, installed in a single geographical site that houses these plants in which it is convenient and technically possible to connect the production plants (10, 11) to the site where there are storage systems (17. 18) and the electrolyser, through electrical and electromechanical technical vehicles (14) in which all collection circuits (13) and distribution (20) are flowed to the accumulation systems and to which the electrical load are connected ( 25) and the electrolysis (19), in addition to the connection (15) the public electricity grid (16).

[0059] Wanting to give an example of the central according to this invention, using the representation in Fig. 1 where there is a wind farm (10) and four of the photovoltaic sunny type (11 ), for a total of five, each with a power , for example, of 10 MW, for a total of 50 MW, as a total power of the production plants.

[0060] It is evident that the method proposed here allows you to have a single central of renewable energy which is the sum of many systems, connected to the network with a single connection capable of transmitting a lower power, which is a fraction of A the nominal one of all connected systems (10, 11). In the case of known art, an approach with five 10 MW plants would be used with each one of their own connection to the 10 MW network, or a single 50 MW system capable of delivering as many 50 MW of power to the network. In both cases there is a consumption of technical means and connections (electrode and electrodes and electromechanical vehicles of power and control) which with this invention is reduced, avoiding to aggravate congestion on the public electricity network and balancing it, thanks to the possibility of withdrawing Even the energy, as well as entering it. In fact, by applying this method, the control unit (100) is connected to the public network through vehicles capable of entering only 10 MW of power. [0061] called the central according to this invention, includes the following components or systems or set of systems:

- one or more renewable energy plants (10, 11 ) not programmable as sunny, wind, tides and other intermittent renewable source, with the ties to the electrical collection circuit (13) of the control unit (100) through each one a cable (12) e This energy collection circuit (13) is connected to technical means (14), capable of commuting, converting, controlling and transforming the energy that will be distributed to the public electricity network (16) connected through the connection (15) and/or to the distribution circuit (20) to which one or more or more systems of accumulation of energy are connected with cables (21), of technique even different from each other and/or the hydrogen production system (19) and/ or to an electrical load

20 co (25) connected to the technical means (14) each by means of an electrical connection (22).

- one or more stand-by energy accumulation systems (17), with a quick attempt capable of preserving energy for an indefinite period of time

- one or more accumulation systems (18) of technique other than the first and with power and higher accumulation capacity of the first, each connected to the circuit (21 ) by means of connections (21 ).

- an electrolysis (19) or other hydrogen production system through the use of electricity

- Technical means (14) capable of interrupting and commuting current flows from one or more production points to loading or as-soriving points, part of one or more components as well as all technical means to convert and regulate the continuous electricity to alternate and vice versa or transform the tension in order to connect the central to the electricity grid (16) or to another distribution network for the transport of electricity and where said vehicles (14) have a capacity for placing the power output on the public electricity grid(16) lower than the total power of non -programmable renewable energy production plants (10, 11 ).

- a computerized control system (26) connected through an electronic network (27) to the control unit capable of controlling each production and absorption element, to optimize the production of electricity and/or hydrogen, accumulating or downloading systems of Accu- mulation, enter or withdraw energy from the public electricity grid, according to manual, preset and/or automatic parameters also based on artificial intelligence.

[0062] To avoid getting out of the purposes of this method, an expert in the subject will be evident how to design or implement software and automatisms to create a control system (26) which interfaces with each component and is capable of making decisions Based on the information available within the components of the control unit that using external information banks and sources, such as weather forecasts, electricity prices, consumption forecasts, can make decisions or help in decisions whether to produce hydrogen and/or accumulate e /or enter and sell energy to the public network.

[0063] The first component of this system for energy plants renewable with programmable entry and hydrogen production, are the imperti (10, 11 ) that deal with the generation of energy from non-programmable renewable sources, such as solar, wind and any other technical means capable of exploiting energy from phenomena or natural force, indicated for representatively wind (10) and sun (11 ) purposes.

[0064] The control unit (100), understood as the sum of the power of all the renewable impetus non-programmable connected to an internal circuit (13) of collection, according to this invention is connected to the public electrical network (16) but through a The only connection such as an electrode (15) with a capacity for introducing the lower energy to the power of the systems (10, 11) installed, creating a funnel effect between energy produced and that paid to the public electricity grid. Said connection (15), represented by a line with arrows in both directions, to indicate that in addition to entering energy in a programmed way it can also take it, in the hours in which there is no immersing on the net, from the public electricity grid (16) to accumulate it in the care systems ( 17, 18) and/or to feed the electrolyser for the production of hydrogen (19) and, if present, an industrial electrical load or other type (25).

[0065] In this way, the control unit (100) advantageously enters the net on the net when it is more advantageous to sell it, thanks to the presence of ac- cumulated systems, and take energy to store it and sell it or use it at a later time for the production of the Hydrogen or even food of internal electric loads (25) as a commercial or industrial user.

[0066] An automatic control system (26), through control systems on each component and through an electronic network (27) taking into account data from the various components of the control unit (10, 11 , 17, 18 , 19) and on the basis of instructions also manually attributed by man, or alternatively or with the help of a system based on production forecast, which can also use artificial intelligence, can decide at every moment what is more convenient and advantageous do: whether to enter energy on the net, whether to feed loads, whether to load the storage systems and/or power the production of hydroge, or whether to take energy from the network, if available energy from excess or advantageous renewable source to buy, and called computerized system (26) it can connect to sources of data, even external data such as network consumption, supply and offer of energy or hydrogen, sales and purchase prices and deciding it is more appropriate to make renewable energy produced and available in accumulations or withdrawable from the network.

[0067] The energy accumulation system (17, 18) can be comprising one or more different technologies to achieve an energy accumulation. For example, a first storage system (17) is a battery accumulation system that must have the highly high speed of commissioning as a technical feature, in order to allow an enforcement of the energy towards the load selected, in real time, without creating interruptions. An example of technique to implement a first storage system is the lithium ion battery. Its use in solar and wind power plants is that of peaks or frequency regulations.

[0068] Its use in the plants according to this method is that if the plants produce only 9 MW of instant power and you want to place a 10 MW load on the net or power, you can use 1 MW of power provided by the battery. Its accumulation and power capacity can be limited and can be for example, in the case reported by about 10 MWh of accumulation. Once downloaded this will be powered by new renewable energy, produced in other hours or ta- ken from the network.

[0069] The second accumulation system (18) or even the first if the plant has a accumulation system based on a single technology, it can be any technological or technical storage system implemented in such a way as to have a much greater capacity than the first System, which constitutes the true system of energy accumulation of the renewable energy control unit with pro-grammation with hydrogen production.

[0070] The second accumulation system (18) can be made with any energy accumulation technology, also using different technologies, according to technical, economic and geographical considerations in order to have a high storage capacity. Example for plants located at a dam with hydroelectric energy production, excess energy can be used through pumping to bring water upstream of the dams, to then be released when you need to enter the energy into the network and/or food the hydrogen production plant.

[0071] Another technical solution is to use flow batteries, vanadium type or iron or organic electrolytes, which have less cost compared to lithium batteries and allow accumulation up to 12-18 hours thus allowing you to deliver energy at a different moment of the day. This type of batteries supports a high number of charge and download cycles, also 20,000 over 20-30 years, with a minimum annual degradation (0.5%) thus allowing more charge cycles even during the same day.

[0072] Another type of storage solution that can be used as a second system, is the gravity or compressed air accumulation or any other technical solution that uses electricity to accumulate large quantities of energy in any way, for a Next and controlled release.

[0073] Due to the slow response time that a large -sized accumulation system, for technique or other consideration, to be at the maximum power or to a minimum power for its operation, it is clear that it must be able to count on a first Accumulation system with faster times, can act as a "buffer" of energy, meanwhile that the second accumulation system is operational and capable of feeding the required load. [0074] Therefore it is preferable to have a "buffer" accumulation system in the plants that acts as a tampon of lower size to a second storage system, which can have greater start times, but has a high storage capacity and can Provide for numerous hours or electricity to be allocated to the network or the production of hydrogen or for both uses, in addition to being able to withdraw and accumulate greater quantities of energy from the network, produced by non -programmable renewable systems (23, 24) which do not implement This method connected in turn to the public electricity network (16).

[0075] For an expert in the technique, therefore, it will be evident as independently from the technique used, in implementing the first (17) and especially the second accumulation system (18), it will be possible to use any technology that meets the criteria Of great low -cost accumulation capacity, compared to the first system, and which can also have a slower start time than the first, without this patent losing effectiveness. Just as the second storage system can be made with accumulation systems of different technologies, operating simultaneously or in sequence, as long as they all contribute to the task of being a system of accumulation of great capacity for the plants according to this method.

[0076] If we consider the example of plants that have cumulative power of 50 MW and connected on the net at 20% or 1/5 of the power, a sizing of the storage system (17, 18) can be a first storage system Based on a 5 MW lithium battery of power and 20 MWH of accumulation, a second accumulation system based on 10 MW vanadium flow batteries and 40 mwh of accumulation and on flow batteries but with another electrolyte for 5 MW of Poten- za and 60 MWh of accumulation, for a total of 120 MWh. The total power of accumulation systems is 20 MW. Sufficient to power the electric network with 10 MW continuously up to 12 hours, even in the absence of energy production from the plants (10, 11 ) if the production hours are also considered diurnal photovoltaic energy.

[0077] The hydrogen production system (19) can be any technology that using electricity can produce hydrogen. A consolidated technician to produce hydrogen is the electrolyser that uses electricity to obtain water electrolysis, obtaining hydrogen and oxygen. [0078] One of the limits of "green" hydrogen production is the intermittence and discontinuity of non -programmable renewable energy, which implies that electrolysis systems have limited use causes precisely the limited amount of energy that non -programmable renewable systems due to the non -use of this method.

[0079] Paradoxically, electrolyses also need energy and energy stability to be more productive and efficient. Some electroly ciasters need high temperature steam, and therefore if the electric energy is variable in food electrolysis, since it is difficult to modulate the power and production of steam that will be used instead of water, one Variability of the power supplied can lead to overall efficiency problems. Therefore the problem of the variability of renewable sources does not only concern the electricity introduced on the electrical network but also the accumulation of it in the energy carrier indicated as important in promoting decarbonisation, that is, the "green" hydrogen. With this invention, it is also advantageously possible to stabilize the power that feeds the electrolysis (19).

[0080] In the example considered previously, the power of the electrolyser can be 20 MW. The electrolyser (19) or other system for the production of hydrogen would be powered both by the renewable energy produced by the plants (10, 11 ) and by the energy accumulated in one or more accumulation systems (17, 18) and would also be powered by the energy taken from the network (16) through the same connection (15) used to enter energy. Just as if the energy produced by the plants (10, 11 ) is little, it can be integrated with energy taken by one or more storage systems (17, 18) and evenly integrated with energy taken from the network (16) or use the latter in a prevalent way. In this way, the production of hydrogen would be greater and with a factor of using the electrolysis system even 8000 hours a year, much greater than hydrogen production systems that acquire energy from the network or use the excess of renewable energy of systems connected directly to it, but only to absorb the peaks of

Duction, thus having a problem of continuous supply of energy really deriving from renewable sources, to be defined as "green", which is resolved with this patent. [0081] It is therefore evident that it is possible to achieve large savings of engineering, materials and plants by sharing the various technical resources from each other, optimizing the load factor of each component to the maximum and at the same time the overall one of the system and maximizing the outputs and of electricity production that of hydrogen, thanks to an intelligent use of the resources of accumulation of energy and hydrogen production, achievable thanks to a connection capacity (14, 15) to the public network (16) which is a fraction of the Installed power of the plants (10, 11), and which is used advantageous on both directions, both to enter and to withdraw energy.

[0082] The current design methods of non-pro-grammading renewable systems, accumulation of energy and hydrogen production, are not so efficient in the use of the vehicles and components, nor do they allow the flexibility and possibilities offered by this method, and the Their installation does not lead to the direct increase in new systems as well as with a multiplication factor as is the one obtainable if this method was applied on a large scale.

[0083] In this way the renewable plant to produce renewable energy in a programmable and hydrogen manner, in the example considered would be composed of:

- 50 MW of peak power of renewable systems (10.11 ) solar and/or e-

- 20 MW of overall power of accumulation systems (17, 18) and accumulation capacity of 120 MWH,

- 20 MW of the electrolyser power (19),

- 10 MW is the power transmissible through technical means (14).

[0084] In practice, each central (100) built according to this method is able to deliver energy from 1 to 12-24 hours and at the same time it can produce hydrogen, with storage services available to the public electricity grid, thanks to the possibility to withdraw energy in the hours of not placing on the net and to store excesses of renewable energy produced by other geographical areas and sources, or other plants (23, 24). So you can accumulate energy both for the control unit (100), and for other systems through the public electricity grid. Green hydrogen could then be used to feed Fuel Cell, hydrogen or industrial and chemical use, how to be converted into ammonia, methanol or synthetic fuels. [0085] The hydrogen product can be placed in the gas gas pipelines, which can transport a flow with 10% hydrogen, or be used to feed industrial or chemical processes if the control unit is near an industrial activity, or to the service of hydrogen supply stations for the automotive, with the location of the system near roads with strong traffic of vehicles.

[0086] While electricity is transmissible using electrode and cables, hydrogen to be transported requires adequate technical means and has a high transportation, due to its low energy density compared to the volume. Therefore, a system may have advantage, built according to this invention, in which the production of hydrogen, is close to a point of use or consumption, thus avoiding the problem of its transport.

[0087] It is therefore possible to produce hydrogen in a decentralized way allowing to place the hydrogen production systems at the consumption points, for example an industrial factory, near a gas pipeline where to enter hydrogen or a hydrogen distributor for automotive from Place along the roads or near a chemical establishment to produce urea, methanol, methane gases and synthesis fuels and any other industrial process that uses hydrogen, which would be without emissions, being of the "green" type.

[0088] Since it is not always possible to have renewable plants (10, 11 ) and the storage systems (17, 18) near the site where you need to have hydrogen, cases in which the plants of hydrogen production (19) are installed in distant and remote locations for which they cannot be electrically connected directly to non-program mable renewal systems (10, 11) and accumulation (17, 18), but are connected to the control unit using the network public electric to convey the energy produced by these plants (10, 11 ) and accumulated in accumulation systems (17, 18).

[0089] In Fig. 3 the scheme of the second implementation is shown. The control unit (101) is connected to the hydrogen production plant (19) through the infrastructure (15, 16, 18, 29) of the public electricity grid as an electrical connection between the power plant (101) of energy and accumulation production e the place where it is installed the hydrogen pro- duction system (19). This hydrogen production system (19) is connected to the public network (28, 30) with vehicles (29) in grace to feed the electrolyser (19) or any other means capable of producing hydrogen using electricity. In the second implementation of the method, the means (14) and the connection (15) to the network can be of double power compared to that provided for the first implementation. The two lines (15) say a double-flow connection with related technical means (14) capable of transmitting or absorbing energy for a double transport power, so as to be able to enter energy to be transferred to the public network and at the same time enter Energy to feed the electrolysis (19), which is placed in a different place from the one where the plant is installed (101 ). The electrolyser (19) can be of reduced power or equal to or higher than the energy transport capacity towards the network (14, 15).

0090] considering the previous example of a plant situation of 50 MW of installed power, in which the connection to the network had a course of 10 MW, with the production of hydrogen in a distant place such that it cannot be connected directly, the cable of connection will preferably be 20 MW but even better 25 MW, half, of double or more than double power than that of the first implementation while the electrolyser, with power that in the the first implementation had 20 MW power, it will be of similar power, or at least 20-25 MW

[0091] The system or storage systems (17, 18) in the second implementation must be sized up to 50% of the power of the plants (10, 11 ), in order to absorb the peaks of production when this deals with the maximums up to the maximum nominal power of these systems. In terms of accumulation capacities, this can be a multiple of power, according to how much hourly MWh capacity has.

[0092] The energy that feeds the remote electrolysis (19) can be that produced by renewable systems (10, 11 ) according to this invention or coming from one or more central (101) of production and accumulation of energy and/or can take energy from the network produced by energy plants (23, 24) without emissions, which do not implement this method. [0093] With this solution, the control unit (101 ) that feeds a remote hydrogen production system (19), having even greater connection to the network (15), can take energy from the network with a double capacity, permitting one More quick accumulation of energy, in addition to being able to enter the network more energy and at the same time food the hydrogen production system (19), which in turn, when it does not receive energy from the control unit (101 ) can take energy from other systems (23, 24), increasing the accumulation/ab- sorption capacity from the electrical network.

[0094] It is evident that the production of hydrogen (19) in a place far from the control unit (101 ) can be fed, as represented schematic-c. Connection (15) to the public electrical network (16), with a transmission capacity to the network (15) which is a fraction of the overall power of the systems (10, 11 ) installed on each central (101 ).

[0095] In Figure 4, four plants are indicated (101 ), which feed a single hydrogen production system (19) placed in a distant geographic placefically from that of the plants, or is installed in one of them. In any case, each central (101) is composed of one or more renewable systems (10, 11 ) not programmable with at least one storage system (17, 18), connected to the public electricity grid (16) through a connection (15) which is 50% of the power of non -programmable renewable systems (10, 11 ). The energy of all the plants (101 ) will be entered on the net in a programmed way to feed a hydrogen production system (19), connected to the network with a colleague equal to the power of the electrolyser.

[0096] Each central (101), has its own computerized system (26) which manages to the end of this central method and can exchange data with a central computerized system (32) by means of a textical connection (27) which is the server unit of a computer network (200), formed by the various computerized systems (26). The central computerized system (32) by developing in real time the amount of energy produced by each central (101 ) united to the level of the accumulations and status of each network connection (15), can enter the energy from one or more central, to feed the production of hydrogen in a remote way, where the system (19) would certainly use the energy, produced by the various central (101 ), which each with the Precisely Collecting to the Net (15), they would enter sufficient energy to feed the electricator (19). The balance of the network would be neutral since the energy intended by the various plants (101 ) it would be absorbed by the hydrogen production system (19) shared by multiple systems, through the "virtualization" of the transport supplied to the public electricity grid.

[0097] It is therefore evident that two or more central can feed with hydrogen production system, located on a site for which its use is advantage, reducing additional transport, compression and liquefacting costs, ready to be used and produced continuously.

[0098] To give an example, three plants with 50 MW solar systems each, for a total of 150 MW, could feed a single electrolyser in a different place, with a power of at least 30 MW of power or of course greater, up to 50% of the power of the systems, therefore with an energy transport capacity for 75 MW by applying this method, can provide a quantity of hydrogen to a chemical or industrial factory, or to feed fuel cells or be placed in gas pipelines or stations refueling for motor vehicles.

[0099] To an expert in the technique, therefore, it will appear evident how it is possible in the context of this invention to use one of the two implementations or both, in systems with more central ones that feed systems for the production of hydrogen, distant from each other, where said central, which produce renewable energy from an unscheduled source, accumulated in one or more accumulation systems, create a "funnel" effect, thanks to a transmission power to the network reduced available to each plant, corresponding to a fraction of the power of peak of the plants of each central, it can be built with any technology and component, of power and different ability with the simultaneous aim of creating programmable renewable electricity and producing hydrogen, without the protection of this invention protection. [00100] The above description of realization forms and specific examples of the invention is able to show the invention from a conceptual point of view so that others, using the known technique, will be able to modify and/or adapt these applications in various applications, specifications without further research and without moving away from the inventive concept, and therefore, we mean that these adaptations and changes will be considered as equivalent of the specific realizations and examples. The means and materials to create the various functions described may be of various kinds without exiting the context of the invention. It is intended that the expressions or terminology used have purely descriptive and therefore not limiting purposes.