SHEGESTER (Type 1 & 2) described by this disclosure, amongst equipments, machines and devices, is an equipment for controlling Air pollution in the Technical field of Environmental Technology. It is designed to remove gaseous and/or particulate pollutants from a contaminated gaseous stream. That is, it can remove particulate pollution only, or gaseous pollutant only, or both particulate and gaseous pollutants simultaneously. It is essentially a scrubber using fluid molecules either in the liquid or gaseous state or both, for its purification process and at the same time a wet filter using filter fabrics in a wet (gaseous/liquid) medium.

It engages the following physico-chemical processes amongst others^n combination or in totality in one equipment:- Heat Exchange; Vaporization; Attraction; Collision; Attachment; Neutralization; Precipitation; Flocculation; Filteration; Sedimentation. ii. BACKGROUND ART

Prior art amongst air pollution control devices/systems are:- the Settling/Baffled Chamber, the Cyclone, the Scrubbers/ Absorption Towers, the Filter, the Thermal Catalytic Converter and the Electrostatic Precipitator.

All types except the Thermal Catalytic Converter remove particulate pollutants from contaminated gas stream, while only the scrubber /Absorption Tower is able to some extent, remove gaseous pollutants as well.

The Settling Chamber works on the principle that the contaminated gaseous stream holding the particulate pollutants, looses enough energy on entering a larger volume of space (the Settling/Baffled Chamber), hence loosing the particulate it was holding, which now settles down by gravity, out of the gas stream.

The cyclone sends the contaminated gas stream into work, expending energy by making the latter travel a longer distance in a spiral manner upwards. Getting weaker, the gas stream releases the particulates, which then settle downwards by gravity.

Prior art among the scrubbers are the Spray Tower (Shower Tower), Absorption Tower, Wetted Baffle Sprays, Vortex and the Venturi. In these, the scrubbing liquid is broken by mechanical means into particles of varying sizes, which then attach themselves to the

l particulates to be removed in the contaminated gas stream. The resulting heavier moist particle than the original particulate may attach to other particulates forming bigger and heavier particles and together eventually settle out by gravity. The efficiency of particulate removal is inversely related to the particle size to which the scrubbing liquid is broken in the equipment. Though these prior art may remove some gaseous pollutants in the contaminated gas stream, they were not originally designed to do so. Later developments use, for example, alkaline scrubbing liquid to treat contaminated acidic gaseous streams. SHEGESTER (Type 1 & 2) as a scrubber differs, among others, from prior art in that it breaks the scrubbing liquid into particles (water molecules/vapour) by heat energy rather than by mechanical energy.

With prior art amongst wet filters, the purification process takes place in the liquid medium by impingement on the fabrics OR cellulose as in Filter Paper Filteration. In dry filters, the purification process is by impingement also on the fabrics or filter material but in dry or semi-dry air. SHEGESTER (Type 1 & 2) as a filter differs, among others, from prior art in that impingement on the filter fabrics is not in the liquid nor in dry or semi-dry air but in vaporized air.

SHEGESTER (Type 1 & 2) is also a new and useful improvement over prior art "SHEGTER" - Nigeria Patent No NG/P/2011/496 & withdrawn International Application No. PCT/IB2012/002622, by the same inventor. The latter, SHEGTER is primarily a filter that has scrubbing capabilities. On the other hand, SHEGESTER (Type 1 & 2) is a Scrubber with filteration capabilities. Furthermore, SHEGTER can only handle a contaminated gas stream with minimal particulate pollutional load. The dry particulate collection section of SHEGTER (FIG. 6, below 21, 25 and around 5, is too small for a heavily particulate loaded contaminated gas stream. The dry particulate removal mechanism soon slows down that the equipment soon becomes clogged and un-useable, SHEGESTER Type 1 introduces a "Hopper" in this section along with an easy but elaborate dry particulate removal mechanism. SHEGTER also incorporated a compulsory heat exchanger 38 and a mist eliminator 36 to its conglomerate of many basic units of the equipment. In SHEGESTER (Type 1 & 2), on the other hand, 38 and 36 are optional, with the result that where absent, the clean air from the basic units is connected directly to the stack, and water from the mains 46 is connected directly to water reservoir 40. (Fig. 9).

The Thermal Catalytic Converter as a prior art, only converts unstable gaseous pollutants to stable ones like CO→ C0 ₂ ; HC -* H ₂ 0 + C0 ₂ With the Electrostatic Precipitator as a prior art, the particulates are induced with an electric charge and then attracted to electric terminals for removal. in. DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

SHEGESTER (Type 1 & 2) is a Scrubber/Filter invention operating in a gaseous/liquid medium with at least one of its filter fabrics 11 in its best position being initially and totally immersed in the scrubbing liquid. Figs. 1-3 show part of the new useful improvement to SHEGTER, to handle heavily particulate-polluted gas streams. Figs. 4-6 show the basic unit of the equipment, SHEGESTER (Type 2) for a low particulate pollutional load gas stream. Another new useful improvement is the optionality of the heat exchanger 38 and mist eliminator 36 in the conglomerate of SHEGESTER Type 1 & 2, Fig. 9. SHEGESTER (Type 1 & 2) is also a new and useful improvement over prior art ' SHEGTER" - Nigeria Patent No NG/P/201 1/496 & withdrawn International Application No. PCT/TO2012/002622, by the same inventor. The latter, SHEGTER is primarily a filter that has scrubbing capabilities. On the other hand, SHEGESTER (Type 1 & 2) is a Scrubber with Alteration capabilities. Furthermore, SHEGTER can only handle a contaminated gas stream with minimal particulate pollutional load. The dry particulate collection section of SHEGTER (FIG. 6, below 21, 25 and around 5, is too small for a heavily particulate loaded contaminated gas stream. The dry particulate removal mechanism soon slows down that the equipment soon becomes clogged and un-useable, SHEGESTER Type 1 introduces a "Hopper" in this section along with an easy but elaborate dry particulate removal mechanism. SHEGTER also incorporated a compulsory heat exchanger 38 and a mist eliminator 36 to its conglomerate of many basic units of the equipment. In SHEGESTER (Type 1 & 2), on the other hand, 38 and 36 are optional, with the result that where absent, the clean air from the basic units is connected directly to the stack. Essentially the old SHEGTER with the compulsory heat exchanger 38 and mist eliminator 36 in the conglomerate, is now a part of SHEGESTER Type 2 for handling low particulate-laden gas stream. The other part of SHEGESTER Type 2, also for handling low particiulate-laden gas stream, and also as a new and useful improvement are the equipments without 38 and 36 in the conglomerate. The other new and useful improvement is SHEGESTER - Type 1 for handling heavily particulate polluted gas stream, with or without 38 and 36 in the conglomerate, both now making SHEGESTER (Type 1 & 2), with the same modus-operandi. They are equipments built on a chassis and frame made of metal or any other suitable material which are part of the equipment. On these chassis and frame 50, are attached hollow boxes 51 which maybe of metal or any other suitable material. Attached to this hollow box internally by weld or otherwise, is a heat exchanger made of a perforated slanted metal plate 21 on which are holes over which are attached vertical metal pipes 15. Attached to the hollow box internally are vertical, horizontal and slanting baffles 20 at various positions to control the flow and time of flow of gas stream, liquid and wet solids within the equipment. On some of the baffles are attached filter fabrics 11, 12, 13 at strategic points with at least one of them 11 fully or partially immersed in the scrubbing liquid. Attached to the hollow box externally is a device 28, 29, 31, 32, 33 (Shown in Figs. 4-6 but not in Figs 1-3, but maybe present also if need be) for supplying foreign powdery material (acidic or alkaline) or moist/vapor (acidic or alkaline) into the belly of the hollow box, into a deliberately created space 16 above the heat exchanger pipes. 16 is called the ENGINE ROOM as part of the device which is a major technical feature of the equipment. 28 is a container containing the powdery material (acidic or alkaline) which is released into air passage 32 by the activity of a fan 29. The powdery material goes through pipe 31 into 16. 33 is a shutter operated manually or automatically releasing the powdery material from 28 into passage 32. 28, 29, 31, 32, 33 as another set of device to supply the alkaline or acidic powdery material or mist/vapor (alkaline or acidic as the case may be) into the Engine Room is a part of this disclosure. Still externally attached to the hollow box is an inlet opening 4 through which liquid is let into the equipment and an outlet opening 8 through which effluent is let out of the equipment.

Further attached to the hollow box and being part of it are removable plates 3, 20, 22 that allow for the removal of internal elements for servicing and replacements. Still further attached to the box are clean-outdoors 5. A transparent material 9 is also attached on a long vertical opening made on the box, through which some of the activities, going on inside the box is inspected from outside, while another transparent material 30 (not shown in Figs 1-3), serves as an inspecting window to view happenings in the Engine Room.

All the above mentioned attachments to the hollow box, internally or externally are parts of the equipment.

The above description of SHEGESTER constitutes its basic unit. Another form of SHEGESTER is having many units put together working in parallel (i.e working simultaneously), in a containerized form. (Figs. 7- 10). In this particular case, 12 units of Type 2 are connected in parallel on a single set of chassis and frames as part of the equipment. Any other configuration is a part of this disclosure. Attached to this container body spanning both externally and internally is a heat exchanger 38 (optional) depending on the amount of residual heat and on top of the heat exchanger is a stack 44 which has a mist eliminator 36 (optional) enclosed within, all being part of the equipment.

Attached to, but below the heat exchanger 38 (optional) is a container of suitable material (optional) to collect the condensate 41 (optional) that may arise from the activity of the mist eliminator 36 (optional) placed in the stack. As part of the equipment is an external storage tank holding the scrubbing liquid 46 which passes through the heat exchanger 38 (optional), gets warmer as 39 and is eventually distributed into the SHEGESTER basic units.

Also as part of the equipment in a containerized form of many basic units are doors, windows and apertures for lifting the equipment.

In operation, dirty contaminated gas enters into the equipment as 14, Fig 3 & 6; while the scrubbing liquid 23 whose vapor is to be used in the equipment, enters through 4.

If the incoming contaminated gas is hot as is desirable and usually the case, cold scrubbing liquid (usually water) is okay, for some of the heat in the incoming contaminated gas, vaporizes the liquid for the needed vapor. If contaminated gas is cold, then the liquid needs be hot, but the former, where incoming contaminated gas is hot, is preferred, for sustained efficiency in pollutant removal, ease of operation and lower costs. That is, if the contaminated gas is cold, for sustained efficiency and ease of operation, it should be heated before entering the equipment or the scrubbing liquid need be heated and maintained very hot by any appropriate heating device. 16 of Fig. 3 & 6 is the main section or "ENGINE ROOM ^* of the equipment in which most of the purification processes and physico-chemical processes take place and there must be continuous rich supply of vapour from 23. This "ENGINE ROOM" is a deliberately created detention zone by baffles 27, 24, filter fabric 11, level of liquid surface 23 and the body of the equipment. Its volume and pressure are inversely related.

30 is a transparent suitable material (optional), through which the happenings in 16 can be inspected from outside. It may or may not be connected to a fan 29 by pipe 31, and inlet container 28 that releases is contents (usually powdered alkaline ash) into the air passage 32 connected to 29.

If contaminated gas 14 entering the equipment contains particulate or dust only, then ordinary water ( _P H =7) as 23 is sufficient and no need for 28, 29, 31, 32 and 33. Water vapour in 16 will wet the particulate making it moist. They collide with each other, attach together, get bigger, heavier and begin to sink towards 25; or follow the gas stream flowing through 11 and are retained on the filter. With more wet particulate and water vapour, the formed filter cake drops, settling towards 25 for removal.

If contaminated gas contains particulates (usually alkaline) and gaseous pollutant (usually acidic), again ordinary water ?H =7 as 23 is sufficient. In this category are two cases; in the first, particulate far exceed gaseous pollutant and is sufficient for gaseous removal. Water vapour will remove excess particulate as described in the preceding paragraph, while the remaining particulates and gas pollutants will be removed by the physico-chemical processes as will be described in the forgoing second case. Where gaseous pollutants are much, compared to the particulates necessary for its "neutralization". 28, 29, 31, 32 and 33 become necessary to supplement alkaline powdery material supply to 16. 28, 29, 31, 32 and 33 may be another device also externally placed on the equipment and part of it which injects alkaline liquid in mist/vapour form into the "ENGINE ROOM" 16. In 16, there should be "cloudiness" (indicating excess of alkaline material) or alkaline mist/vapour as the case may be, visible through 30. 28, 29, 31, 32 and 33 supplies this supplement alkaline material thus: the container 28 is filled with the ash. 33 is a shutter operated manually or automatically, releasing alkaline material regularly from 28 into passage 32 through which air flows from blower 29. The material passes through pipe 31 into 16. This second case is common in systems burning solid fuels for which 23 will be ordinary water. Contaminated gas stream 14 enters SHEGESTER as shown in Fig. 3 & 6 hot and enters into metal pipes 15 through perforated slanted metal 21 unto 16 by natural draft. 15 and 21 and its environs form a heat exchanger. As 14 passes through 15, heat exchange takes place with heat passing into the surrounding liquid. 14 continues into 16 and is retained there until the liquid level drops to 24, where filter fabric 11 begins. While 14 is retained in 16, the heat that passes into the surrounding water around 15 raises the temperature of the liquid, which now begins to vaporize at the surface, with the result that the liquid level drops approaching 24. At the same time, the gas pressure in 16 increases steadily. Also, the particulates begin to get wet, hydrolyzing to an alkaline, getting bigger and heavier. The gaseous pollutants also begin to get wet, getting bigger and heavier hydrolyzing to an acidic solution. Attraction begins between the alkaline and acidic solutions leading to "Neutralisation" reaction forming salts which precipitate. The precipitated salts flocculate forming even bigger particles which go down into the water by sedimentation to the bottom towards 25 by slanting member 21, where they collect to be drained out the equipment through valve 8, to a Alteration tank (not shown) from where the salts go to an oven (not shown) where they are dried and then collected into storage for recycling. These salts are useful Sulphates, Sulphites, Nitrates, Carbonates, Bicarbonates, Halogenates etc. The recovery for recycling of these salts also differentiates SHEGESTER from previous arts. All along, SHEGESTER had been functioning as a scrubber which continues into the Alteration stage and throughout the working period of the equipment. In the equipment, the scrubbing liquid 23 is broken into its smallest possible particle as vapor molecules, hence giving the highest possible efficiency for a scrubber, for which efficiency is inversely related to scrubbing particle size.

When water level drops to 24 due to vaporization, filter fabric 11 is exposed to the gaseous medium in 16. Increasing pressure in 16, forces air flow towards and through the filter fabric 11. The precipitated, flocculated salts move towards 11 where they are stopped and collected in Alteration, forming filter cakes. Due to their moist nature & weight, again they flow down by sedimentation towards 25. By the above description, the particulates and gaseous pollutants are converted to salts which are removed from the gas stream simultaneously. Some may escape through 11 into 17 with water vapor. To force the gas stream coming from the filter 11, through a longer route and greater retention time, baffles 20 and 22 are as placed. The now cleaner gas stream, but still with pollutants, flow into 17, unto 18 and filter fabric 12. Between 11 and 12, as described above, attraction, neutralization, precipitation, flocculation take place and more Alteration on 12. Filter cakes form and grow on 12 (Fig. 6), finally flowing down by weight and moisture through holes 26 made on baffle 22 and dropping into the liquid below. Undropped filter cake, which will drop when heavy with moisture, may block the fabric holes and turn that filter portion to a baffle, which will increase gas detention time, for more physico-chemical activities leading to greater pollutant removal efficiency.

The precipitates 72 (Fig. 10) find their way to 25 by sedimentation and gravity flow caused by slanting 21 and other baffles. Any pollutant that escapes 12, along with water vapour, goes through 19, to filter fabric 13. Along its path, the same processes repeat itself until finally clean, warm (if present), moist gas 1 goes out of the equipment, into a heat exchanger 38 (optional) equipped with a mist eliminator 36 (optional) in the stack 44, Fig. 9, drawing pg. 6/7, where excess heat if present is removed along with mist for elimination of steam plume (if present).

If contaminated gas 14 entering the equipment contains gaseous acidic pollutants only, ordinary water (pH=7) as 23 is sufficient but 28,29,31,32 and 33 is absolutely necessary with alkaline powdery material or alkaline mist/vapour as the case maybe, being richly supplied to 16. Inspection through 30 should show whitish cloudiness. The pollutants removal mechanism will be as described for the second case in the preceding paragraphs above. Alternatively, hot alkaline liquid (pH>7) is used as 23 without 28, 29, 31, 32 & 33. The vapors released into 16, 18 & 19 will be alkaline which will "neutralize" the acid pollutants and precipitate out its corresponding salt.

Filter fabrics 11, 12 and 13 operate in series-relationship when the equipment is in operation. They also become baffles temporarily, increasing the retention time of the flue gas enhancing purification, when filter cakes form on them before the falling off of the latter. 3 is a clean-out door where all the internal elements are accessed for cleaning and maintenance. 2 and 27 are doors that permit access to 15 for cleaning. 5 is a clean-out door for removing deposited ash from dirty incoming gas that does not go into the ENGINE ROOM 16 for SHEGESTER Type 2; while the "hopper" mechanism 53 - 71 serve the same purpose for SHEGESTER Type 1. 6 is an outlet to collect excess liquid when pouring same through 4. 9 is an appropriate transparent material through which the happenings inside can be inspected from outside, particularly water level and sediments.

7 and 10 are devices for carrying the equipment by crane.

Fig. 8, represent an example of many SHEGESTER basic units (12 units in this case), connected in parallel, i.e. working simultaneously, containerized. Any other arrangement or configuration is a part of this disclosure. Swapping takes place, with clean water finally becoming dirty contaminated water, and dirty contaminated air finally becoming clean air. The effluent (dirty contaminated water 34) goes first into an open channel 49 and then into a settling tank where clear water is separated from the solids, for further re-use or environment friendly disposal.

The air 42 exiting filter 13, Fig. 9, will be clean, maybe warm and humid depending on the type of filter material. Where warm, the air may go into a heat exchanger 38 (optional), Fig 9; where its heat is removed and becomes clean air 35 and then if moist, into a mist eliminator 36 (optional) placed within the stack 44. With moisture (if any) extraction, the air finally exists the stack as clean, dry or semidry air. The mist if any, collected from 36 if used, may join that formed within the heat exchanger if used, and together collect as condensate 41 at the bottom of the heat exchanger from where it can be removed for reuse or disposal.

Cold water 46 from the mains, flowing through the heat exchanger 38 (optional) may become warm water 39 and collects to water container 40 from where it distributes to the various "SHEGESTER" units Fig. 9. 43 is a couple which allows for the total removal of 45, necessary to access filter 13 for servicing.

47, Fig. 7 are holes for forklifting SHEGESTER Type 1 & 2 onto and off-loading from a loading truck. 48, Fig. 7, are windows for ventilation of the containerised conglomerate of the basic units of the equipment.

50 represents the chassis and frame as part of the equipment on which the other components of the equipment are attached. 51 is a metal box or any other suitable material to which the internal elements of the basic unit of the equipment are attached directly or indirectly.

The clean water 39 entering into the 'SHEGESTER' units when warm, enhances the particle-removal efficiency of the system. It provides liquid vapour to areas 18, 19 even before the contaminated gas stream (now with reduced pollutional load, most of which must have been removed by filter 11) enters into these areas.

The "Hopper" mechanism in SHEGESTER Type 1 is constituted by 53 to 71 (Figs. 1 & 3). 53 and 64 are the slanting plates guiding the particulates to the exist plate 61 to which is attached the control 59 which pulls 61 out of its position to allow particulates drop into a collecting bag (not shown) which is hanging on pins 62. Exit plate 61 is returned, to close exit simply by releasing 59. Springs 67 rolling over pulleys 65 return 61 to its original position. Below 61 and attached to it are rollers 68 which glide over plate 66 as 61 moves to and fro. 66 moves up and down by springs 69 attached to it and plate 70 which is firmly attached to the chassis 50. 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 63 and 71 are members to ensure that 59 and 61 do not transgress limits. Spring 69 eventually pushes upward against plate 61 to ensure that 61 is in contact with 53 and 64, thus closing the exit after particulate has been collected. 71 is a metal pipe attached to the chasis 50 and the "Hopper" for rigidity. Any other configuration and arrangement to remove dry particulate below the Srubbing/filter section is a part of this disclosure. iv. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG 1 : Shows an external isometric view of the basic unit of the equipment under disclosure and most of its external features for a heavy particulate loaded gas stream. (Type 1) FIG 2: Shows the Plan of Type 1

FIG 3: Shows a sectorial view of the internal elements of the basic unit of the equipment (Type 1) FIG 4: Shows an external isometric view of the basic unit of the equipment under disclosure and most of its external features, (Type 2)

FIG 5: Shows the plan of the basic unit of the equipment (Type 2)

FIG 6 : is a sectional view showing the internal elements of the basic unit of the equipment in (Type 2)

FIG 7: shows an isometric view of the containerized form of the equipment under disclosure consisting of 12 basic units of the equipment connected in parallel, showing most of its external features. (Type 1 & 2)

FIG 8: is a horizontal section of the containerized form of the equipment under disclosure consisting of 12 basic units of the equipment connected in parallel showing the basic units and other features of the equipment. (Type 2)

FIG. 9: is a vertical section of the containerized form of the equipment showing some internal elements of the basic units of the equipment along with some other elements. (Type 2) FIG 10: shows another vertical section of a containerized form of the equipment showing some elements of the contained basic units within, along with some other internal elements of the equipment. (Type 2) v. BEST MODE OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The best mode of carrying out the Invention is by manufacture in an engineering/technical workshop or factory. vi. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

SHEGESTER will find great use in cement industry; in Incinerators and other Integrated Solid Waste Management Systems; in Foundries; in Carbon-Black Plants; Oxygen Furnaces; Grain Processing Plants; Electricity Utility Coal-burning Industry; the Steel Industry; Kraft Paper Pulp Industry; the Fertilizer Industry; Aggregates Producing Plants; Primary Aluminium Reduction Plant; Burners that burn solid fuels including coal. SHEGESTER will also find use in Scientific/Engineering/Technological Research laboratories to study P ^H adjustment, vaporization and other physico-chemical processes in air pollution removal and control.