CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application 63/226,691 filed on July 28, 2021. The disclosure of this prior application is considered part of the disclosure of this application and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] This disclosure relates to a system for wireless communication including radio communication.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Antennas are commonly used for wireless communication in various applications. Some antenna typically include a straight flexible wire or rod. The bottom end of the antenna is connected to a radio receiver or transmitter.

[0004] The subject matter claimed in the present disclosure is not limited to implementations that solve any disadvantages or that operate only in environments such as those described above. Rather, this background is only provided to illustrate one example technology area where some embodiments described in the present disclosure may be practiced.

SUMMARY

[0005] One aspect of the disclosure provides an antenna device for wireless communication. The antenna device includes a ground plane including a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion between the first portion and the second portion. The device also includes an antenna extended from the second portion. The first portion of the ground plane and the second portion of the ground plane overlap each other.

[0006] Implementations of the disclosure may include one or more of the following optional features. In some implementations, the first portion of the ground plane and the second portion of the ground plane at least partially overlap each other. In some implementations, the antenna and the second portion of the ground plane are on a same plane. In some implementations, the first portion of the ground plane and the second portion of the ground plane are apart from each other by the third portion of the ground plane. In some implementations, the antenna includes a stub extended from the second portion of the ground plane in a first direction and an antenna arm extended from the stub in a second direction. In some implementations, the device is disposed on a shoulder on a first side of a user, when the device is worn by the user, and the first direction is directed to a side area adjacent to the first side of the user. In some implementations, the second direction is directed to an area in front of a user, when the device is worn by the user. In some implementations, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. In some implementations, the device is disposed on a shoulder of a user, when the device is worn by the user, and a first distance between the shoulder and the second portion of the ground plane is greater than a second distance between the shoulder and the first portion of the ground plane. [0007] In some implementations, the device includes a spacer between the first portion of the ground plane and the second portion of the ground plane. In some implementations, the spacer includes a shock absorbing material. In some implementations, device includes a case that covers the ground plane and antenna. [0008] Another aspect of the disclosure provides an antenna device for wireless communication. The antenna device includes a ground plane, a stub extended from the ground plane in a first direction, a lower antenna arm extended from the stub in a second direction, and an upper antenna arm extended from the stub in the second direction.

[0009] Implementations of the disclosure may include one or more of the following optional features. In some implementations, the device is disposed on a back of a user, when the device is worn by the user, and the first direction is directed to an area in rear of the user. In some implementations, the device is disposed on a back of a user, when the device is worn by the user, and the second direction is directed to a ground area of the user. In some implementations, the device includes a shock absorbing layer on the ground plane. In some implementations, the shock absorbing layer includes a slit for the upper arm and the lower arm. In some implementations, a length of the lower arm is greater than a length of the upper arm. In some implementations, the device includes a case covering the ground plane, the stub, the lower antenna arm, and the upper antenna arm.

[0010] Another aspect of the disclosure provides an antenna system for wireless communication. The system include a shoulder antenna. The shoulder antenna includes a first ground plane including a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion between the first portion and the second portion. The shoulder antenna also includes an antenna extended from the second portion. The first portion of the ground plane and the second portion of the ground plane overlap each other. [0011] Implementations of the disclosure may include one or more of the following optional features. In some implementations, the system includes a back antenna. In some implementations, the back antenna includes a second ground plane, a stub extended from the ground plane in a first direction, and an antenna arm extended from the stub in a second direction. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0012] Example implementations will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:

[0013] FIG. l is a top view of an example wearable antenna including a first wearable antenna and a second wearable antenna prior to a folding step in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;

[0014] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the wearable antenna with example dimensions prior to the folding step in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;

[0015] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the second wearable antenna including the ground plane and the edge antenna after the folding step in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;

[0016] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the example first wearable antenna including a spacer and a casing;

[0017] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an example third wearable antenna 200 including a ground plane and a vertical antenna on the ground plane in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;

[0018] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a wearable antenna with example dimensions in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;

[0019] FIG. 7 is a top view of the third wearable antenna including a shock absorbing block and a casing in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure; [0020] FIG. 8 is a top view of an example wearable antenna cover that is configured to attach the wearable antenna to an outfit of a user in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;

[0021] FIGS. 9 and 10 are schematic views of an example wearable antenna system including the first wearable antenna, the second wearable antenna, and the third wearable antenna that are attached on the user on corresponding locations in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;

[0022] FIG. 11 is a simulated radio wave radiation pattern of the example wearable antenna system in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure; and

[0023] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of armor integrated with the wearable antenna system in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure. [0024] Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0025] Antennas are commonly used for wireless communication in various applications. Some antenna typically include a straight flexible wire or rod. The bottom end of the antenna is connected to a radio receiver or transmitter.

[0026] When an antenna is used in the field (e.g., subterranean area, combat field), the radio frequency (RF) performance (e.g., coverage, gain) of the antenna may fluctuate or degrade due to various interference sources. For examples, a human body carrying the antenna may interfere with the operations of antenna. The position of the human body (e.g., hiding on the ground) also may degrade the coverage and gain of the antenna. In addition, a body armor (e.g., level IV body armor) and/or hydration pack on the human body may interfere with the operations of antenna. In addition, the antenna has a very high risk of radio frequency (RF) radiation and heat exposure to the human body (including the head of the body) carrying the antenna.

Accordingly, the antenna is not optimized for use when a human body is carrying the antenna.

[0027] The present disclosure provides several implementations of wearable antenna that may be more safe and efficient for various applications (including subterranean application). The wearable antenna disclosed herein supports various operations/technologies, such as multiple-input and multiple-out (MIMO), Mobile Ad hoc Networking, spread spectrum Low Probability of Intercept/Low Probability of Detection (LPI/LPD) modes, and high frequency operation (e.g., center frequency of 2.4 GHz, 20MHz channel bandwidth).

[0028] FIG. 1 is a top view of an example wearable antenna 100 (also referred as “shoulder antenna system” in this disclosure) including a first wearable antenna 101 (also referred as “right shoulder antenna”) and a second wearable antenna 102 (also referred as “left shoulder antenna”) prior to a subsequent folding step in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.

[0029] As illustrated in FIG. 1, in some implementations, the second wearable antenna 102 may be a mirrored version of the first wearable antenna 101. In some implementations, first wearable antenna 101 may be a mirrored version of the second wearable antenna 102. As shown, in some implementations, the first wearable antenna 101 includes the ground plane 110 and the edge antenna 130 which is associated with an edge of the ground plane 110. As shown in FIG. 1, in some implementations, the ground plane 110 includes a first portion 112, a second portion 114, and a third portion 116 that is between the first portion 112 and the second portion 114.

[0030] As shown, in some implementations, a first folding line 150 and a second folding line 170 are provided for the subsequent folding step. The first folding line 150 is provided between the first portion 112 and the third portion 116. As shown in FIG. 1, in some implementations, the first folding line 150 includes a plurality of first cutting lines 152. The second folding line 170 is provided between the second portion 114 and the third portion 116. As shown in FIG. 1, in some implementations, the second folding line 170 includes a plurality of second cutting lines 172. The first folding line 150 and the second folding line 170 are provided so that the ground plane 110 can be easily folded during the folding step. As will be discussed later in this disclosure, the RF radiation (i.e., radio wave) exposure to a user 10 (shown in FIG. 9) can be (significantly) reduced when the ground plane 100 is folded.

[0031] As illustrated in FIG. 1, in some implementations, the edge antenna 130 is provided on the edge of the second portion 114 of the ground plane 110. As shown, in some implementations, the edge antenna 130 includes a stub 132 that extended from the edge of the second portion 114 in a first direction. As shown, in some implementations, an edge antenna arm 134 is extended from the stub 132 in a second direction. As shown in FIG. 1, in some implementations, the second direction is perpendicular (or approximately perpendicular) to the first direction. As shown, in some implementations, the edge antenna 130 includes a protrusion 136 (also referred as “feedpoint” in this disclosure) protruding from the edge antenna arm 134. As shown, in some implementations, the protrusion 136 is extended from a first edge 141 of the edge antenna arm 134 and is disposed between the edge of the second portion 114 of the ground plane 110 and the edge antenna arm 134. As shown, in some implementation, a first distance between the end 140 of the edge antenna arml34 and the protrusion 136 is greater than a second distance between the protrusion 136 and the stub 132.

[0032] As will be discussed later in this disclosure, the edge antenna arm 134 is configured to radiate (a large portion of) radio wave via the end 140 of the edge antenna arm 134 and a second edge 142 of the edge antenna arm 134. In other words, the edge antenna 130 is configured as a dual polarized antenna providing a robust coverage regardless of the position of the user 10 wearing the first wearable antenna 101

[0033] As illustrated in FIG. 1, in some implementations, the second portion 114 of the ground plane 110 and the edge antenna 130 are on the same plane. As shown, in some implementations, the first wearable antenna 101 includes one or more of coaxial cable supports 190. As shown, in some implementations, the coaxial cable support 190 is created by a stamping process. The coaxial cable support 190 can be bent to hold a coaxial cable 180 to the ground plane 110. As shown, in some implementations, there are five coaxial cable supports 190. However, this disclosure does not limit the number of the coaxial cables 180 and any number may be used. [0034] As discussed, the second wearable antenna 102 may be a mirrored version of the first wearable antenna 101. Accordingly, the edge antenna 130 of the second wearable antenna 102 may be a mirrored version of the edge antenna 130 of the first antenna 101. Thus, the description of the second wearable antenna 102 including the edge antenna 130 of the second wearable antenna 102 is not repeated here.

[0035] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the wearable antenna 100 with example dimensions prior to the folding step in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.

[0036] As illustrated in FIG. 2, in some implementations, the width and the length of the ground plane 110 are 2.82 inches and 3.18 inches, respectively. In some embodiments, the width for the ground plane is between 0.5 inches and 24 inches, and the length for the ground plane is between 0.6 inches and 24 inches. As shown, in some implementations, the first portion 112 and the second portion 116 are apart by 0.25 inches. In some embodiments, a distance between the first portion 112 and the second portion 116 can be any distance between 0.01 inches and 4 inches. As shown, in some implementations, the width and the length of the edge antenna 130 are 0.155 inches and 1.348 inches, respectively. In some embodiments, the width of the edge antenna 130 can be any width between 0.01 inches and 18 inches and the length of the edge antenna 130 can be any width between 0.02 inches and 18 inches. As shown, in some implementations, the length of the second portion 114 (e.g., 1.68 inches) of the ground plane 110 is greater than the length of the first portion 112 (e.g., 1.25 inches) of the ground plane 110. In some implementations, the length of the second portion 114 of the ground plane 110 is any length greater than the length of the first portion 112 of the ground plane 110.

[0037] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the second wearable antenna 102 including the ground plane 110 and the edge antenna 130 after the folding step in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.

[0038] As illustrated in FIG. 3, in some implementations, the ground plane 110 is folded along the first and second folding lines 150, 170. As a result, the first portion 112 of the ground plane 110 and the second portion 114 of the ground plane 110 are overlap each other and are apart from each other by the third portion 116. As shown, in some implementations, the first portion 112 and the second portion 114 at least partially overlap each. As shown, in some implementations, the first portion 112 is non-overlapped with the edge antenna 130. As shown, in some implementations, the edge antenna 130 and the second portion 114 of the ground plane 110 are on a same plane. In some implementations, a quarter wave chock is formed when the ground plane 110 is folded as shown in FIG. 3.

[0039] As shown, in some implementations, the second wearable antenna 102 includes a coaxial cable 180. The coaxial cable 180 includes a conductive line 184 and a conductive shield 186 surrounding the conductive line 184. The conductive line 184 is electrically isolated from the conductive shield 186 by an insulating layer (not shown) between the conductive line 184 and the conductive shield 186.

[0040] As shown in FIG. 3, in some implementations, the conductive line 184 of the coaxial cable 180 is configured to couple to the edge antenna arm 134 by a suitable method (e.g., soldering). As shown, for example, in some implementations, an end of the conductive line 184 is coupled to the protrusion 136 of the edge antenna arm 134 by soldering. As shown, in some implementations, the shield 186 of the coaxial cable 180 is configured to couple to the second portion 114 of the ground plane 110 by a suitable method (e.g., soldering). As shown, in some implementations, as discussed above, the coaxial cable 180 is supported by the coaxial cable supports 190. For example, each of five coaxial cable supports 190 shown in FIG. 1 are bent to be formed as a clip or fastener to hold the coaxial cable 180. As shown, in some implementations, the coaxial cable 180 includes a connector 182 (e.g., TNC connector) which can be used to connect the second wearable antenna 102 to a communication device (e.g., radio, smart radio such as MPU5 by Persistent Systems). The second wearable antenna 102 can be integrated into any wearable outfit (e.g., armor/body armor, jacket, coat, parka/raincoat, space suit, combat suit, firefighter suit/jacket). The first wearable antenna 101 has a similar folded structure of the second wearable antenna 102 discussed above (e.g., folded ground plane 110, coaxial cable 180 connected to the edge antenna 134). Similarly, the first wearable antenna 101 can be integrated into any wearable outfit (e.g., armor/body armor, jacket, coat, parka/raincoat, space suit, combat suit, firefighter suit/jacket). Thus, the description of the first wearable antenna 101 is not repeated here.

[0041] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the example first wearable antenna 101 including a spacer 192 and a casing 194.

[0042] As illustrated in FIG. 4, in some implementations, the first wearable antenna 101 includes a spacer 192 between the first portion 112 of the ground plane 110 and the second portion 114 of the ground plane 110. As a result, the spacer 192 maintains the folded shape of the first wearable antenna 101 including a gap between the first portion 112 and the second portion 114 under a harsh environment (e.g., impact, shock, vibration). As shown, in some implementations, the spacer 192 is disposed on the edge antenna 130 to maintain the shape and positon of the edge antenna 130 under the harsh environment (e.g., impact, shock, vibration). As shown, in some implementations, the spacer 192 is made from a shock absorbing material or form material (e.g., sponge, cellulose, polystyrene). In some implementations, the spacer 192 has a shape that is capable of absorbing shock.

[0043] As shown, in some implementations, the first wearable antenna 101 includes the casing 194. The casing 194 can be in any suitable form. For example, in some implementations, the casing 194 can be a box shape structure made of a suitable material (e.g., plastics such as polycarbonate, polyether plastic, and ultra-high- molecular-weight polyethylene) that can withstand impact, shock, and vibration with an opening (e.g., hole) or an open side for routing the coaxial cable 180. In some implementations, the casing 194 can be a layer, covering at least one surface of the first wearable antenna 101, made of a suitable material (e.g., plastics such as polycarbonate, polyether plastic, and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene) that can withstand impact, shock, and vibration. For example, in some implementations, the casing 194 includes a first layer and a second layer that cover the bottom side (first portion 112 side) and the top side (second portion 114 side). The second wearable antenna 102 has a similar structure to withstand the harsh environment including the spacer 192 and the casing 194. Thus, the description of the second wearable antenna 102 is not repeated here.

[0044] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an example third wearable antenna 200 (also referred as “back antenna” in this disclosure) including a ground plane 210 and a vertical antenna 230 on the ground plane 210 in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.

[0045] As illustrated in FIG. 5, in some implementations, the third wearable antenna 200 includes the ground plane 210 and the vertical antenna 230 on the ground plane 210. As shown, in some implementations, the vertical antenna 230 is perpendicular to the ground plane 210. As shown, in some implementations, the vertical antenna 230 includes a stub 232 that is extended from the ground plane 210 in a first direction (e.g., vertical direction). As shown, in some implementations, the vertical antenna 230 includes a lower antenna arm 234 that is extended from the stub 232 in a second direction (e.g., horizontal direction). As shown, in some implementations, the vertical antenna 230 includes an upper antenna arm 235 that is extended from the stub 232 in the second direction (e.g., horizontal direction).

[0046] As shown, in some implementations, the length of the lower antenna arm 234 is greater than the length of the upper antenna arm 235. As shown, in some implementations, the upper antenna arm 235 and the lower antenna arm 234 are in parallel.

[0047] As shown, in some implementations, the third wearable antenna 200 includes the coaxial cable 180. As discussed above, the coaxial cable 180 includes the conductive line 184 and the conductive shield 186 surrounding the conductive line 184. The conductive line 184 is electrically isolated from the conductive shield 186 by the insulating layer (not shown) between the conductive line 184 and the conductive shield 186.

[0048] As shown in FIG. 5, in some implementations, the conductive line 184 of the coaxial cable 180 is configured to couple to the lower antenna arm 234 by a suitable method (e.g., soldering). As shown, for example, in some implementations, an end of the conductive line 184 is coupled to a first protrusion 236 of the lower antenna arm 234 by soldering. As shown, in some implementations, the first protrusion 236 is extended from the lower antenna arm 234 towards the ground plane 210. As shown, in some implementations, the shield 186 of the coaxial cable 180 is configured to couple to the ground plane 210 by a suitable method (e.g., soldering).

As shown, for example, in some implementations, the shield 186 coupled to a second protrusion 237 of the ground plane 210 by soldering. As shown, in some implementations, the second protrusion 237 is extended from the ground plane 210 towards the lower antenna arm 234.

[0049] As shown, in some implementations, the coaxial cable 180 is supported by one or more of coaxial cable supports 290. The coaxial cable supports 290 in FIG. 4 is similar to the coaxial cable supports 190 in FIG 1. Therefore, the detail description of the coaxial cable support 290 is not repeated here. As shown, in some implementations, the coaxial cable 180 includes a connector 182 (e.g., TNC connector) which can be used to connect the third wearable antenna 200 to a communication device (e.g., radio, smart radio such as MPU5 by Persistent Systems). [0050] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the third wearable antenna 200 with example dimensions in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.

[0051] As illustrated in FIG. 6, in some implementations, the width and the length of the ground plane 210 are 1.68 inches and 3.00 inches, respectively. As shown, in some implementations, the length of the upper arm is 0.96 inches. In some embodiments, the length of the upper arm is in any length between 0.1 and 7 inches. As shown, in some implementations, the length of the lower arm is 1.50 inches. In some embodiments, the length of the lower arm is in any length between 0.1 and 7 inches. As shown, in some implementations, the height of the vertical antenna 230 is 0.625 inches. In some embodiments, the height of the vertical antenna 230 is in any length between 0.1 and 17 inches. [0052] FIG. 7 is a top view of the third wearable antenna 200 including a shock absorbing block 292 and a casing 294 in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.

[0053] As illustrated in FIG. 7, in some implementations, the third wearable antenna 200 includes the shock absorbing block 292. As shown, in some implementations, the shock absorbing block 292 is disposed on the ground plane 210. In some implementations, the height of the shock absorbing block 292 is equal to the height of the vertical antenna 230. In some implementations, the height of the shock absorbing block 292 is greater than the height of the vertical antenna 230. As shown, in some implementations, the shock absorbing block 292 includes a slit 282 (e.g., long narrow cut or opening that the vertical antenna 230 can fit into). As illustrated in FIG. 7, both side surfaces of the vertical antenna 230 is covered by the shock absorbing block 292. When the height of the shock absorbing block 292 is greater than the height of the vertical antenna 230, the top side of the vertical antenna 230 is covered by the shock absorbing block 292. As a result, the shock absorbing block 292 protects the vertical antenna 230 from a harsh environment (e.g., impact, shock, vibration). In some implementations, the shock absorbing block 292 is made from a suitable shock absorbing material or form material (e.g., sponge, cellulose, polystyrene). [0054] As shown, in some implementations, the third wearable antenna 200 includes a casing 294 covering the vertical antenna 230 and the ground plane 210.

The casing 294 can be in any suitable form. For example, in some implementations, the casing 294 can be a box shape structure made of a suitable material (e.g., plastics such as polycarbonate, polyether plastic, and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene) that can withstand impact, shock, and vibration with an opening (e.g., hole) or an open side for the coaxial cable 180 routing. In some implementations, the width of the shock absorbing block 292 is (slightly) greater than the width of the casing 294. This causes the slit 282 of shock absorbing block 292 to close its opening. As a result, the shock absorbing block 292 (securely) covers the both sides surface of the vertical antenna 230 as well as the top side of the vertical antenna 230. [0055] FIG. 8 is a top view of an example wearable antenna cover 300 that is configured to attach the wearable antenna 101, 102, 200 to an outfit of the user 10 in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure. In some implementations, the wearable antenna cover 300 is made of fabric with a suitable pattern (e.g., camouflage pattern). In some implementations, the camouflage pattern on the fabric includes at least one camouflage pattern from Multicam (e.g., Multicam Arid, Multicam Tropic, Multicam Alpine, Multicam Black). However, this disclosure does not limit that the camouflage pattern must be from Multicam. In some implementations, the camouflage pattern can be any suitable pattern that can achieve concealment of the user 10. In some implementations, the fabric of the wearable antenna cover 300 includes a non-camouflage pattern.

[0056] In some implementations, the wearable antenna cover 300 is made of a suitable fabric that can withstand outdoor activities such as combat (e.g., Nylon fabric, 500 Denier from Cordura).

[0057] In some implementations, the wearable antenna cover 300 is made of a fabric that is processed with waterproof coating treatment (e.g., durable water repellent coating). In some implementations, the wearable antenna cover 300 is made of a fabric that is processed with UV resistance coating treatment. In some implementations, the wearable antenna cover 300 is made of a fabric that is processed with thermal diffusion coating treatment.

[0058] As shown, in some implementations, the wearable antenna cover 300 includes a loop 304. As shown, in some implementations, the wearable antenna cover 300 includes at least one hook-and-loop fastener strip (also commonly known as Velcro strip) on one side of the wearable antenna cover 300. The hook-and-loop strip is used to fasten the wearable antenna 101, 101, 200 to any wearable outfit (e.g., armor/body armor, jacket, coat, parka/raincoat, space suit, combat suit, firefighter suit/jacket, space suit).

[0059] When the first wearable antenna 101 is in the wearable antenna cover 300, the hook-and-loop fastener strip 302 is on the first portion 112 side. As a result, when the first wearable antenna 101(enclosed by the wearable antenna cover 300) is worn by the user 10, a first distance between the second portion 114 and the user 10 is greater than a second distance between the first potion 112 and the user 10.

[0060] When the second wearable antenna 102 is in the wearable antenna cover 300, the hook-and-loop fastener strip 302 is on the first portion 112 side. As a result, when the second wearable antenna 102(enclosed by the wearable antenna cover 300) is worn by the user 10, a first distance between the second portion 114 and the user 10 is greater than a second distance between the first potion 112 and the user 10. This is beneficial when it comes to reduce the radio wave exposure to the user 10. [0061] When the third wearable antenna 200 is in the wearable antenna cover 300, the third wearable antenna 200 is placed in the wearable antenna cover 300 such that the hook-and-loop fastener strip 302 is on the ground plane 210 side. As a result, when the wearable antenna 200 (enclosed by the wearable antenna cover 300) is worn by the user, both edges 249, 248 of upper antenna arm 235 and the lower antenna arm 234 are facing the area in rear of the user 10.

[0062] FIGS. 9 and 10 are schematic views of the example wearable antenna system 11 including the first wearable antenna 101, the second wearable antenna 102, and the wearable antenna 200 that are attached on the user 10 on corresponding locations in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.

[0063] As illustrated in FIG. 9, the second wearable antenna 102 (“left shoulder antenna”), which is the mirror image of the first wearable antenna 101, is on the left shoulder of the user 10. As shown, the second wearable antenna 102 is configured to radiate radio wave away from the body of the user 10. For example, a first portion of radio wave (e.g., first polarization component) is radiated from the second edge 142 of the edge antenna arm 132 to an area adjacent to the left side of the user 10. Also, a second portion of radio wave (e.g., second polarization component) is radiated from the end 140 of the edge antenna arm 134 to an area in front of the user 10. As a result, a substantial portion of radio wave radiated from the second wearable antenna 102 is directed to the front and side areas that reduced an amount of radio wave exposed to the body of the user 10 directly. In other words, the second wearable antenna 102 provides frontal and left side coverages while reducing the radio wave exposure to the user 10.

[0064] As illustrated in FIG. 9, in some implementations, the second wearable antenna 102 includes the stub 132 extended from the second portion 114 of the ground plane 110 in a first direction (Y-direction in this example) and the edge antenna arm 134 extended from the stub 132 in a second direction (X-direction in this example). As shown, in some implementations, the second wearable antenna 102 is disposed on a shoulder on a first side of the user 10 (left shoulder in this example), when the second wearable antenna 102 is worn by the user 10. As shown, the first direction is directed to a side area adjacent to the first side of the user (left side area in this example). As shown, in some implementations, the second direction is directed to an area in front of the user 10, when the second wearable antenna 102 is worn by the user 10. As shown, in some implementations, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0065] As illustrated in FIG. 10, the first wearable antenna 101 (“right shoulder antenna”), which is the mirror image of the second wearable antenna 102, is on the right shoulder of the user 10. As shown, the first wearable antenna 101 is configured to radiate radio wave away from the body of the user 10. For example, a first portion of radio wave (e.g., first polarization component) is radiated from the second edge 142 of the edge antenna arm 132 to an area adjacent to the right side of the user 10. Also, a second portion of radio wave (e.g., second polarization component) is radiated from the end 140 of the edge antenna arm 134 to an area in front of the user 10. As a result, a substantial portion of radio wave radiated from the second wearable antenna 102 is directed to the front and side areas that reduced an amount of radio wave exposed to the body of the user 10 directly. In other words, the first wearable antenna 112 provides frontal and right side coverages while reducing the radio wave exposure to the user 10.

[0066] As illustrated in FIG. 10, in some implementations, the first wearable antenna 101 includes the stub 132 extended from the second portion 114 of the ground plane 110 in a first direction (Y-direction in this example) and the edge antenna arm 134 extended from the stub 132 in a second direction (X-direction in this example). As shown, in some implementations, the first wearable antenna 101 is disposed on a shoulder on a first side of the user 10 (right shoulder in this example), when the first wearable antenna 102 is worn by the user 10. As shown, the first direction is directed to a side area adjacent to the first side of the user (right side area in this example). As shown, in some implementations, the second direction is directed to an area in front of the user 10, when the first wearable antenna 101 is worn by the user 10. As shown, in some implementations, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0067] As illustrated in FIG. 10, the third wearable antenna 200 (“back antenna”) is on the back of the user 10. As shown, the third wearable antenna 200 is configured to radiate radio wave away from the body of the user 10. For example, a first portion of radio wave (e.g., first polarization component) is radiated from the edge 248 of the lower antenna arm 234 to an area in rear of the user 10. Also a second portion of radio wave (e.g., second polarization component) is radiated from the end 238 of the lower antenna arm 234 to a ground area of the user 10. Similarly, a third portion of radio wave (e.g., third polarization component) is radiated from the edge 249 of the upper antenna arm 235 to the area in rear of the user 10. Also a fourth portion of radio wave (e.g., fourth polarization component) is radiated from the end 239 of the upper antenna arm 235 to the ground area of the user 10. As a result, a substantial portion of radio wave radiated from the third wearable antenna 200 is directed to the rear and ground areas that reduced an amount of radio wave exposed to the body of the user 10 directly.

[0068] As illustrated in FIG. 10, in some implementations, the third wearable antenna 200 includes the ground plane 210, the stub 232 extended from the ground plane 210 in a first direction (X-direction in this example), the lower antenna arm 234 extended from the stub 232 in a second direction (Z-direction in this example), and the upper antenna arm 235 extended from the stub 232 in the second direction (Z- direction in this example).

[0069] As shown, in some implementations, the third wearable antenna 200 is disposed on the back of a user 10, when the third wearable antenna 200 is worn by the user 10. As shown, in some implementations, the first direction is directed to an area in rear of the user. As shown, in some implementations, the second direction is directed to a ground area of the user 10.

[0070] FIG. 11 is a simulated (gain) radio wave (2350 MHz) radiation pattern of the example wearable antenna system 11 in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.

[0071] As illustrated in FIG. 11, a first radio wave pattern 910 indicates the pattern of the radio wave radiated from the first wearable antenna 101. A second radio wave pattern 920 indicates the pattern of the radio wave radiated from the second wearable antenna 102. A third radio wave pattern 930 indicates the pattern of the radio wave radiated from the third wearable antenna 200.

[0072] As shown, the first wearable antenna 101 (“right shoulder antenna”) radiates less amount of the radio wave to the left side of the user 10 than the right side of the user 10. Similarly, the second wearable antenna 102 (“left shoulder antenna”) radiates less amount of radio wave to the right side of the user 10 than the left side of the user 10. Also, the third wearable antenna 200 radiates less amount of the radio wave to an area in front of the user 10 than an area in rear of the user 10. As a result, a significant amount of direct radio wave exposure to the body of the user 10 is reduced. [0073] As illustrated in FIG. 11, the three wearable antenna 101, 102, 200 also provide a 360-degree coverage. Due to the overlapping coverage shown in FIG. 11, regardless of the positon of the user 10, the wearable antenna system 11 is capable of providing a robust 360-degree coverage.

[0074] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of armor 1000 integrated with the first wearable antenna 101, the second wearable antenna 102, and the third wearable antenna 200 in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure. As shown, multiple wearable antennas 101, 102, 200 can be attached to the armor 1000 for radio communication. In some implementations, the location of the wearable antennas 101, 102, 200 can be adjusted based on a shape of the ceramic plate 1010.

As shown, in some implementations, each of the wearable antenna 101, 102, 200 are electrically connected to a transceiver 1020. As shown in FIG. 11, the combination of wearable antenna 101, 102, 200 provides 360 degree coverage for the transceiver 1020

[0075] In some implementations, the transceiver 1020 is a multi -mode (multi band) transceiver. In some implementations, at least one of the first wearable antenna 101 and the second wearable antenna 102 is configured as a dual -band or multi -band antenna. For example, at least one of the first wearable antenna 101 and the second wearable antenna 102 includes multiple edge antenna arms with different lengths (e.g., lower antenna arm 234 and upper antenna arm 235 shown in FIG. 5). In some implementations, the transceiver 1020 is a multi-channel or MIMO transceiver. In some implementations, a combiner/divider is used to feed signals from the multiple wearable antennas 101, 102, 200 to the transceiver 1020 with one antenna input port. [0076] In FIG. 12, the first wearable antenna 101, the second wearable antenna 102, and the third wearable antenna 200 are attached to the armor 1000 to provide 360-degree coverage. However, the present disclosure does not limit the number of wearable antennas and the combinations of the wearable antennas. The present disclosure also does not limit the wearable antenna location. For example, in some implementations, the first wearable antenna 101 can be attached to other part or location of the body (e.g., wearable outfit) or equipment (e.g., helmet). In some implementations, a combination of the first wearable antenna 101 and the second wearable antenna 102 is used. In some implementations, a combination of the first wearable antenna 101 and the third wearable antenna 200 is used. In some implementations, a combination of the second wearable antenna 102 and the third wearable antenna 200 is used. In some implementations, more than one first wearable antenna 101 is used to enhance the 360-degree coverage. In some implementations, more than one second wearable antenna 102 is used to enhance the 360-degree coverage. In some implementations, more than one third wearable antenna 200 is used to enhance the 360-degree coverage.

[0077] A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

[0078] In accordance with common practice, the various features illustrated in the drawings may not be drawn to scale. The illustrations presented in the present disclosure are not meant to be actual views of any particular apparatus (e.g., device, system, etc.) or method, but are merely idealized representations that are employed to describe various embodiments of the disclosure. Accordingly, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily expanded or reduced for clarity. In addition, some of the drawings may be simplified for clarity. Thus, the drawings may not depict all of the components of a given apparatus (e.g., device) or all operations of a particular method.

[0079] Terms used herein and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including, but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes, but is not limited to,” etc.).

[0080] Additionally, if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to embodiments containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations.

[0081] In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, it is understood that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” or “one or more of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended to include A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, or A, B, and C together, etc. For example, the use of the term “and/or” is intended to be construed in this manner.

[0082] Further, any disjunctive word or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” should be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B ”

[0083] Additionally, the use of the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., are not necessarily used herein to connote a specific order or number of elements. Generally, the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., are used to distinguish between different elements as generic identifiers. Absence a showing that the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., connote a specific order, these terms should not be understood to connote a specific order. Furthermore, absence a showing that the terms first,” “second,” “third,” etc., connote a specific number of elements, these terms should not be understood to connote a specific number of elements. For example, a first widget may be described as having a first side and a second widget may be described as having a second side. The use of the term “second side” with respect to the second widget may be to distinguish such side of the second widget from the “first side” of the first widget and not to connote that the second widget has two sides.

[0084] All examples and conditional language recited herein are intended for pedagogical objects to aid the reader in understanding the invention and the concepts contributed by the inventor to furthering the art, and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited examples and conditions. Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail, it should be understood that the various changes, substitutions, and alterations could be made hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.