Title:
SEMIOTIC AND COMPOSITIONAL METHOD FOR ROBUST KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATIONS AND REASONING AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Document Type and Number:
WIPO Patent Application WO/2024/031094
Kind Code:
A2
Abstract:
Systems and methods are disclosed to create, update, organize, re-organize, and retrieve digital representations of information. While prevailing models for information, such as knowledge graphs, are based on universal and crisp primitives (named entities, relationships, etc.) which are estimated from large amounts of noisy data, the disclosed invention represents information by means of dynamic and adaptive semiotic structures which track the fluctuating, user-dependent, and context-dependent relationship between symbols and their interpretations. Instead of forcing users to adopt external terminologies and organizational schemes, the disclosed invention provides the means (comprising parametric symbols, structured linguistic symbols, symbol aggregates, coherent frames, contextualized symbols, dynamic semiotic structures) to let users introduce their own terminologies to represent, organize, and re-organize their entities of interest and information about them. Algorithms for relaxed compositional search are described to search the information repository which are robust with respect to the limitations of natural languages (e.g., ambiguities). Reasoning is carried out by means of an inference graph in which the crisp notion of "truth" is replaced by the weaker notion of "coherence" so that information can always be revised. The disclosed invention is ideally suited for personal knowledge representations; however, its underlying knowledge model and the search and reasoning framework are applicable to other situations which need flexible knowledge representations.
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Inventors:
CASADEI STEFANO (US)
Application Number:
PCT/US2023/071753
Publication Date:
February 08, 2024
Filing Date:
August 05, 2023
Export Citation:
Assignee:
CASADEI STEFANO (US)
International Classes:
G10L17/26; G06F40/40
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Claims:
| .e cam a meoo reresen aura o reresenae enes,e meo caracerze a.e s reecesv on: aura o srucurenusc exressonseranno saura o . rerresenae enes exorucn aura o nesenusc smosrom saura o srucurenusc eessons, weren eaxcr o sa nesenusc smoss nesen one o sa srucurenusc eace ossccouns an exressonrsresnc aess oo one o sa nesenusc smosn one o sa srucurenusc c.eneran aura oca coene wxua a sncaon even conven annsananeous meann e ze smos wc reresen saura o sncaon . corvee cans onnve a semocneween anar o conexuaze smos wcaveeeneeme e. o essenae samensananeous meann saran sezmno sac conexuaze smosno aura o semoc srucures, weren eac o coemsnrasees s s aru a cc roenunr reee scs: eena seve o s conexuaze smos .e meroov oes aerenvamoucs r ceresenamoon o one o sa reresenae enes. smo o a seece semoca smru,cuurreer coemsrnsanne se o uane reresenave.e meo oerevous cam, weren sa uan as seereencn rerreosmen aa sve smo. ooox wc comrses sae uaes,no emoc en u rmave uaes, renemen uaes,escrve.ea mees, roena om cnam u,a wese,r consoaon uaes, sn uaes an mern uaes. smo an a se o soerse.n one o sa srucurenusc exressons comrses aaramerc . sme moe ano a o se ca om, weren one o sa srucure nusc exressons comrses aaramerc. enea mse aour oa e s oreo ravmoue msr cs.am weren sa roucn sa ura o nesenusc smos an rammaca sruc acaecomoson ses wc e rammacaaramerc smos. e meo ure nusc smos. a. s oansuanra o ca ae om sem oro oc serucreuvreosuss c maamn,a wneerenn a reosor wc aso conans aura . oane o sa sruc sumreosnusc exressonss a comose smo reresenn a semoc s ca. c s seorme meco a onsne s w,r socmm a so ras o e reeuvraaane no ornsaen seaes o s:mos, aura o reevan consuen . comosn sa ura o re reresenn sa semocare . e meo o erevous cam,evuarne cro cnosmurensn smeo ssen oo snaes conm soase smo. no sa reosor,oe aos-neson s comose smo weren sa mo wc aso reresens sa semocare, sanesn sose-.neson smoeonso sa reosor noaeran r aer comeon o .nsea cnama ae m semooso, w meemreornze a reresenae en n a reosor conann aura o comrsesnormaon eemen ssa an re sareesenn eane eens,eeonso an enseme o enes wc a. seecn,rom sa ura onsanae smos, a meurao c oar raeceevrazne conseu senes s o: wc are eecveor reresenn aura o asec mos . comosn sa ura o reeva s o sa reresenae en s n consuen smosno annu smo wc reresens c. rna eers re esenre n ss saena san reue e r sn esmenoane eon sa, r weoesreonr s,aooes- aneoss-onn sesmoon semonos wo sca saurane osnnsanae smos ano sa reosor noaeran r aer comeon o.e meo se. a. searcn oore a sremvoousc c maamc,uor ae sre caorcmers snmoe, soes o eonno saura ons e a se o smoc macess.e meo oerevous cam, wanerae smos. an sa srearcn com en sa searce smos a searce comose smo a.ene rsese ses o: sano s aa co smearocseon caomosoee ssemsos conann oesze smoc maces..e mneno sa o semroevco musa ccaems, w secannn sa an comosonaoesess . m ren sa se o smoc macess are aroxmae a.aceense,raurner comrsne ses o comose s amrooe, w coneraennn sa auura o seece consuen smos o sa searce s ra o seece consuen smos are rousrace . om searacno ens ce reaxe comosonssssor sa seece consuen smos o sa c. coemnn saom coomsoes smonao anoese ooseseosnssss as,r sooxmaae eacss sareso saes szeeo ec semeonc meraseccon o san sa rea cxoemosona comose sm e consuen smos w sa searce.nceu mees aosu oraeor.evous cam or oe cam, weren saura onsanae smos urer comrs o reaxae smos an aura o rousrace smo,e meo a. manannne ses o: neoroo an c aonaanvse a neuraor ooo sacor eac reaxae smo, weren sa aave . manann a comosonss or eac re somns rousrace smos one aave neoroos o sa c. c aomanven nee comosonssss o smos conanen a seece sac reon oe comosonssosroos oo era sca o sneee oc sea co snesecueen co snsmuoesn. smosoe sa reaxe . a.e mroewson o s cam,urer comrsne ses o onsanaae re smosoosr, w,oere aura oresene smos seecerom saura..e s mae reoevan consuen smeons: are seecerom saresene smos. a. crean o a weerevoromuso cram, weren sarowsn comrsese ses o: .resenn sa weorm onoe a o re sacevnnsanae smos,oe aresenae smo o saresene smo ar soa saresenae smosecomes one.e meo oerevous. a. s saresenae smos c reamre,s wenesre anresene en ans emoe a comresse .e m sam e wooermormroves a succncescron o saresene en, c. assnonu arear comrsne ses o: .rern saero sa weorm,oe aaae we resene ena were,reon sea ar rce wreormaresens a rcerescron o sa e. exann sa comr n comrsese se o: .e meo oerevouesss cea smoorm. muorm smo o wc sam co, wmereressne saresenae smos a varae-comex es a morenormaveorm o sarese smoorms oneorm, an weren sa exann.e meo oerevous cam, weren snaa eex sanmno.urer comrsese ses o: a.eerneereern,con sea coem sresse smoorm sa comresse smoorms a smo smo moenon soren sa reosora corresons c.econe o sa .econ s aan rs ceor nmesreess ceom somsoonoarm coe sa o s caomresse smoorms a comosona coe smoor comresse smoorm sa comresse .econ am secso an nerse ex cooaeorm comresse smoorms ameorsarconcaa c coome oos saon coam corees.se smoorm sa . mee moeuo o cam or cam, weren sa reosor comrses annerencera,e a.. s ceecnr aenr cnomerernscne-caea see ss om:o rom saura onsanae smos oonveer anr sanerence-caae smono annerenceos noe o sanerencera, c. crean an esmneereencenoesren ncoe neoe , emeen sarsnerenceos noe . asrsouncnn, aon sane ermeenerence noe , rue-asenerrnnsrucons or e. an sa emeenece-noerrneenc semo . oann a man canae noe o sanerencera man canaes a seconsnesrenceoso nro saersneraevncne oos noe , weren a are aroxmaee same as some ancesors o sarsnerencene or more ancesorsa . execun, one or moremes: sa s os noe conver eecn annerence-caae smo sa ocaenernae a suara crean sa assnn sa oann a man canaess . s o canae manars s snnn o sanereunrcaeo os n caones,a wee mreann:ars son aura onaears anae, ware croennss sas oo anw unssreraemamosos no noee conans ao anwn asreoawmns emreaemeos n nooee snasruownsream emee noe conansownsream rue-asenerrn saown uc sso rern aemasm rueo-sa nso an ee were ner cno:nansarameer vaues reureo execue sa . crean annerencen rrnomn ssrucons emee no a usreamos noe o saownsream . an saneerencen oe coecon o ees o sanerencera. . a.re meo oerevous cam urer comrsne ses o: .enve sanerencen o sarnow ansrsreamow enmsreeamen neoreence sn,as rom sa usreamos noe ncues saarameer vaues r weuerreen soa exercsueo swansreamnerence sna nerrnnsrucons ,us enan saownsream rue-aseownnesrrrneamns ruruec-aosnes c. exoercnue snm saownsream rue-asenerrnnsrucons,oe an ouunerence-..e a meno sa o ooueruevnouesre cnacem-,o wrne smo o a manaeoo . no eren saownsream emee noe s a rewrn a.e sa weorewnn: nsream rue-asenerrnnsrucons areor rewrn annuoa smo . saownsroe aanm ouuownsreamoa smo o conver annu emoea reeso nuooen urner conans rue-ase resovnnsrucons.e meo oerevous cam, weren sarso aonw onusreuam unsreeramoa resouon . sanuoa smo o saownsre ence sna evers comrsne ses o: am emee noe ,e meourer a. rsew sarnne sraencne-uornoea smo no sa ouuownsreamoa smo , wc .eowvnesrnrea am sencoenow snmsreoamnerence snas o aura ourer conans sraen oauunoew noes , weren sa seconownsreamnerence sna c.un saownsream emnsreamoa smo .evern annuoa resoueone s nnoae n a woa san soawensream emee noe e.. w exaecun u saownsream emee noe resoun sa rue-ase resovnnsrucons orouce sa ouu usreamoa .everon conannn, soa sa ou uusr ueasmreaoms nooae resou,o ann ouu.oa resouon sna .e m a.eeneo o cam,urer comrsne ses o: occurrraennce a o cu ar sreen conexuaze consuen smo wc reresense sa seece coencseu ceonns smueno smoeonsno s saanuur smo, weren: s a o reevan consuen s mam ean counrsre on s caons seuen conexuaze smo reresense currennsananeous.e meo oerevouse cce consuen smo . conans a reresenaon oaem, weren sa curren consuen conexuaze smo conex comrses anen curren conex, an weren sa reresenaon oe curren. sme moeaovn o a ceomreovsouson ce sarm o s w saer wennu c sa sm a sse aeo ccoem coo. snsuen smo s arace urer comrsne se o: onssener,e meo a. a seeecnen co snasueener o sanu smo o sa comosonss o sa . esnan enne sermno comosonss oee axocaa c soeocrensaeeos oo san o cu sarrenn cuon ssmueonn sa s com conexuaze c. como nsnune sa comosonss ener w sa oca coornae o sa curren o san cu crroennex counaszeuen sm conoexuazeo sem auce smo coornae, wc enes consuen smo rom sanu smo.o an eucn o sa seece . come mreseso oe cam, weren sa se o seecn aura o reevan consuen smos a. mnseaencnn se s oe sa sse om: nosecceso srm oo an, wnsereecne sa sm semoooceseormrnnecueesasasns ocananeous sanse currences o . r seecmoonzcnce a one s om sao asnsananeous meannsoe reevanor reresenn sa . c.encun sarens anece smon sa ura o reevan consuen smos. a. meeneroan o a ceurrreenvo cuosn ceaxmuaurzeer s cmomor rsenrese ses o: s enn e curren usae o sansece . reem cnoero nazne aoaes r ceoenvaenxuoarz ree smo reresenn sa asnsananeous meann c. crean a se resenn sa normaon eemen an smoo remreosecnnerormox sma c ourrr eenua conexuaze smoo sa as conexuaze sansece smon sa curren conexuaezweee snmeon asnanaenenosus meann convee convee sa nsece smon s ananeous meann. e meo o erevous ca a as conexuaze smo. a. crean a semoc srucurme w,uorsee rre cormesernsanv:e smos sansece smo an .ncsuorn o s saa c suermreonc co snruecxuurae.ze smo an saas conexuaze smone semoc .e meo o cam,urer caracerze e se o memorzn a saen en reresene ex anonaueorrmmve smo weren sanurmve smos emoe annu . a.e s meo o.erevous c eaxnurmve smoams, a wnnereun caracer srn wc reresens a nauraanuae .e m sare e soasseonn ur ener casracee mrzeann o sa nauraanuae exresson c. r neacouranzannuaae a exramene o saen seus c oa:racer srn reresens arammaca acor o sa . crean an a resson e. r cor smoo reresen sarammaca acor seruaccunre sanurasmce snm oo saavnnu caracer srn w sa acor smo,oe ars . eoxe ocuann, o onnee o orr m moorere ameso,n saan r oecn uoe a snc czonr s, smao crean an acor smo an sa reacn, sars smosavn aura o acor smos, weren.e meo o an seare avouso cnaamn,usc smos arerammaca srucurenusc smos. rammaca acors wcncues w suereecns, s vaerammaca acoreonso aaee oosse.e meo oerevous cam,urer comrrs,snrammea secas oecs,reosonarases. a.un a vo vocauar accaoru sarm o o . an sa osn anus sac srmamomsa anca srucurenusc smoso sa . sme moe wo o. an aeunrevous cam,urer comrsne se o exenn an exenae ecv a nusc.e meo oerocuso cra smm oor o. cam,urer comrsne ses o a. a coreeran aura onusc smosavn a common roeaer smono a . rennen aereae smo smorom m seaan cno oere sna a comremaoen s romeoaer smo ucn sa common roeaer saura onusc smossrou,o soeara on sea con coemxmuaonn rooermaaoenr srmovoe. . oe s cruacmu are meoo reresen aura o nauraanuae exressons,oe a vocauar a.rovn annunsuc c samracoesr, sren me reores cenarance arnzenu nae ses o: . reconzna aramen o sanu caracer srn reruersaenasn auaraem emxarecsas aon n . reau acn na n au ,nra n a sca aon cor o sa c. cre r sua nme uo ex caore ra rs ceso erren ssernn s,a sararammmaenca acor nusc smo w aae so,oe aaramerc e. enacoen so sa wn sua c acaracer srn ase srucurenusc smo oane n sa . an sa acor, sor smo sa vocau aaramercnusc smo, an sa srucurenusc exressono.e me ar onusc smos. urer coara ocerezerevoues c saem o, weren sa vocauars soren a reosor,e meo s nesn sa acor smo, saaramercnusc smo.a srucurenusc exressonno sa reosor. uera me oo re oreseenreavoeu esn cam or cam,urer caracerze e se o reresenn a s caracerze e es, were sa reresenn saura o reresenae enes a. recevn aur ses o: ura o receave o sr surcuucruerennuusscc e exressonseonno sa vocauar,oe a reresenae e xressons wcerano saura o .roucn aurnaes o nesenusc smos, weren e eaxcre o sa nese nusc smoss nesen one o sa srucure nusc eac ossccouns, an even conrvreennce o an onnsea on saane nesenusc smoss assocae w a sncaon c. eneran aura o conexuaozues meann evens smos wc reresen sa ura o sncaon . core caonnve a e sessmenoacneeween anar o conexuaze smos wc aveeeneeme e. o saran szn sa conexua sazmee snmsanosanneoou as mueraann o semoc srucures, weren eac o coemoc srucures: emrses a connece se o conexuaze smos rosvnease as a rneamresce rnearevseen samoon o one o sa reresenae enes. . a.e c saorma ae mnoewanes coen raenrense anauoran a oarnasuasn comrsn: memorze reresenae enes, weren saa ae sarmauos cso rnearensse mnn aura o nsanae muorm smo wc are maeraze occurrences ou sme ooccuorrrmences o an aarausurer c smono a seconom s e . smoransormn m ser masnn os:oorrmra ons soarmnn ars smoorm o sansanae muorm c. smoresenn meansor sanae muorm smo . smo seecn meanso seecese anu araura o re oevraensenae smoso a recevn ar or rerese consuen smos wc are reevan e. smo comnonsn a s meece reresenae en nu comose smeaons woc com reoresese snas sura o reevan consuen smosno an . smo searcn meansornn a se oa sm seoecce ma recreesseon aa seear ecnae smo . snmesonn reessunsn m eeanesro a snmeso sac mancu ceomnoosue smono sa aaraus, weren sa n sanu smoen reco n wcs conanen sa aaraus, or. e aaraus o cam , werenr sae sm sao aormaraus. eners, comosona coe sncue: exoaeorms, smo. e aaraus o cam werse ann sa wraensoorrmmsn. a comosona co meansncuesecon meansorecon. e aaraus o caem sm woeormno an exoae smoorm. nu caracer srn reresenrenn s aa naruarnasoarnmuna mee eansncues encon meanso encoe an nusc smo wc con xressonno arammaca srucure. e aarau ans aaramercnusc smo an an acor smo. a. aonrm ous wus c m oo ca areumenor w conevreernn sa sareseunran m oearnesse cnomares sesm:osno aur ure rer rerce a o w e . annu moueo evanen aun aaean an annu commansrom sa aen,e aarau reevasr c noo crm onror s c. mean csenss:n sa nuaa an sa nu commanso carr ou e seecon o sa. sme aosa wraucs os re crau emen s sen,m weeo nrs se a ann n sae ane s c ouor sreaa meo ea mn ne o nan ssa co cnoamnso aseu sramo o. conexuaze smosn sa aaraus. s o e occurrences o sa nsanae. wec araorvaues os coarmca re, wreeserenna sa sorae means conans aura o semoc srucures a. aura o reresen ons o . e meanns o ae enes an o . e aaraus o ca amura o nauraanuae exressons. a. rue-asenerrnnsurrucero cnosmorsenn: . meansorevern ann erae annerence-orne smo sanerence sna coemrenrcsees s renauroe an vanueersenocre e noe o annerencera, weren: nsrucons xecun sa rue-asenerrn sanerence an sna causeseeneraon o sanerence-orne smo. |
Description:
s acao,n camesrorrom ren,coroe o ra on an wc aree en reerence,. reresenasonnvsen roeans roenanes,noormeaenoenr sas areemas o,anaowasees,e an rereusmenana moancs,nenonweeracees. reresenaan acves carre ou umans an arca ssems re one reaonsso,n n,a mmemorzaon an communcaon onormaon eemens suc asroeres, consrucs suc asess os,ans,sca measuremens, numercauanes an more comex normaon eemeness, nearuarnaoan enuaees e sxucres assons,ocumens, ec. scosureeerm “enes”s usensroaes sensee aonen,c evueness, aaces, ec.ns r ceonecrrreee oor a msreaacns, c ors a n oaru varauea,n mueanea exresson.n en cane mnaerna w ormcm caanerea, no or exra-mena, rea orcona.nesncue norrmmaaoonn, eemaesn,sn aos weereore,normaon aou enesncues aso mea- oernecnoormeas roen arounormaon. m esennormaon eemens an an oere o enes eeanns o soraeae svmceso ssu,c w asc e are umae maeraze cuns onar memor ces , or ranom-access memoreescro-me.canaca smaross arserves , so saerves orroceevsscoerss, aonr exaemn coen,voerreesennon anoarmoa sonnaos a u mseera vnas a oroce comass u-e eor- sacnrea m eoeans o n.onve mrsoa eu,es a conmaoma-no-s oraaa ene mreoues a uosrerevces conver rea-wor evens suc as acons, e moes oeneranowneoea smos. ave avance sncanurnease awnecnooeso acureeneranowee suc asersonanowee, wc sac ears,ere exs ceranes onowee, noweerasaveeenrooseoo as re a mreesaennsaorona moes.normaonao,rza, aevean, onoa, a. reres.enonweversona one ouaoener, aearcuar naure oersonanoremr,aonaseen unue caenes sn searc o resens nes oersonaner veas souons: aouem cane sarse.s mae areca menone on aewmes annormaon common useo acureeneransowcuo a sasca anee-earnn meos exracon meeaoonss mna a neorso anacnaowe.eeee s.cenaro mae sor-ve an common reaon ene semsaenrsc a crea meoorreens”c rnaeero uasen eer own oranzaon scemesase on “ree e consuens ocanowexeernraa onsonoamesesne someo ese. reaonss, ec. an o man oeres onowee meo eenses,es, arues, oe crs an unversa:er meanns assumeoe c neror ar are assume across a users.eaarom wcnowee re onsan overme annvaran eseror ar meos,s moee as a n resenaons are acure, accorno consuens aneoa onowee aosroecon oese unern unversa crs s nose an o “ceann”eaao rcusonsraona vewe as one o removn mannowee acuson meosecovere unern consuens.onseuen, aao counere noseas are o a sasca naure an reureare amoun o erwa, u, eum,on,aznews,ucane, nn scoenoacro,s wzee, . oreover,sere on sma amoun oaa are avaae, aeren moes neee. an caeores a we-nown,a enes, arues, reaonss, an eseca es “n re no awas crs an unversa.or exame, usersn morenerms omaourraannns a” scan r caeoresuse,orv,avs, .ssarcuar em. enaro werenoweesrouce usersescrn wasmorano ma wanonosnecror examewo users,ce ano, wo manan as oerrens.ce mananwosue co-worersne same caeor asrens, weo mareero caneer mnn ocn caoweorees u,s oen veaourer ceaneso arnes o snueco ars c “or-weonrse”r,s r.esvuenn wonrse, users mncaonsescenec,eosw evnene w roan, aanoweerse o reroesnosrw crecae,na a s,nnceu useesr coo-r exame,ce rownoo ana se wanso reenee meann o “rens”o eworersas noermaon o man exsnnowee reresenaonxcue co-worers. erormnerenceneresence o unceran an semoc m sserna o exsnnerence ennes assume a unvoca cor smac.as, mos oe meanns an aso rearnormaon a resonenceeween smos anerneease.ereore,ese s a se o axoms woseru vaues asoue an an conracornor ssemso no suoroeca reasonn w unceran scosenvenonmaon or wen smosave a conexeenen meann.e mraemanesnos aoncazeew coe aess enum rernoes ceo o csn ono a snrso a ao nnse a s.rnue vaxuees c aonrre esmonoesnceeerewneen sesm oo cos aenren “rens”e emxaomcucuaonsueoe errac semoceavor o users,usrae e reresenaone aove, soueracensea oen smooe-ou.nowee raer ssemsanerac w users sou aaoeosncrases o eac user suc as “arnenmso”.snor aen aevneerarae,, u annversna, o samneo-woer-eveer reoresenerreaon o vaueerms wc acurenormaonrocessnexuanorm naon ssem,ncunose nowee moe wcracs an rerese aon anocumens, canenerom a orac an reresen semocucnusa seomnso,csucscuaons. nowee moe, wc we ca a semocnowe osureescres a more rene sncaon evens wc occur wen a smosae moe, wosermves areensananeous meann.esermves re u w aarcuarnerreaon or nowee moes anroveeasso are more reneanose o mos exsn aave smoc consruc consruc,n anncremenaason,namc an comex an mua s, cae semoc srucures, wc reresen moreaue noweese rneamaones reaeeweeon re smros an wae sanor. suaons, rues anaws ar esenaons:nownns,acs, evens, ooca or arcaoeoseor wc a user, or moreenera, an aeneer some reosor,rovnsse sssaesc annonwerenae r,e unresenea aorne. rencreurnea rer aes sennacoanson s evenn wec manees aramen onamcnowee.ncaon evens annamcnowee are ssanocna oone ev reenresenvaosn saom aecwva o re aens. comrses somen, cae a sneror smo waeo wa semocans ca a sn, wc e rerese c sansor somen esesne, es caen nae wn e rnesu. srsenn snarca ovoenr eveenso.neo.nsuereeoown exame.ons as onesar: “eres a mouse on mes”.arn, a mouseums onon’ses an mouse onoures”.e wor “mouse”, rees: “a’s new,eres awas a excane ars one, wcs an eeren a svm, ococu,resaeasourvsns reresenaon oe roeneasus seenoe ws wenon mas annerna mena aerenv, occurs wenarears “mou or “mouse” a secon v, wcs an reresenaon o a comuerevce arse” an mass woro annerna mena an aour oneaeren occu oneeeren occurs wenar uers “mouse” rsvs a roen, w rs wenonears “mouse”.ensananeous meannne unersooenenee mreeaasns a comuerevceneasreeassumnon sncaoone eveans ceo errxesreosnsonn nu o oeraa enrcre’s s am oen m ae a snec cne ae. cnocmenovoves aurs o co-occurrn es”, “on mes”, “a mouse on mes”, a nens oe senence: “es”, “m es” ae co-occurrn sncaon ene woe senence “eres a mouse on m nauramaonoeua asoaenusc smvoesnse.nevs oeurs are nesene e s e exresson “eres a mouse on mes”e are nesen eac oer, e.., coornao “ esees oer” uvns n s weersse cann a s en smemoo “ ecm mocoe aes” on o, e onco. ew aeene, a ws useuo assn sace-me eras evene seccocaon wn an aen weree reresecnev occursan maeraze aneme a wcev occurs. vecomesaeonn a o se am somcos we remre sencc neae ouerr aem s as “ n ao ceon rn” asn nu aecnae s os, n sn en a scao on, ao eon mnn aons s mumna rac eme- ucm rene mo e ewm nee oe e:n sae, snss aar nnm “aenv meeo a ouns ceo- reresenaon an aramen o “emo ” e enseme o acua semoe”nowee. o aosse semoconss cae scemonsese semoce werease asrac se semocoennv reenroesnensacoosnesere,n w recroes aec ren s csa o sc neem. exouaczoen ssmomsm, nuaamee s smmoos cae reresenn a smo aon a conex o usae, an useseseounamc an aasve seamceos,c ev sernucs,u craese, worecs, casns, reroresen a es o enes annormaon eemenseoe, aon anracn overme eacer useesr’,s reearmonnosos, aancs o,raacnsz aaoounaa sccse,m eecs.. arveseemroomca srrucures can asoe useuo reresen morerecsenormaon ne smee coer ouses o, aa. sevnecraeoe wc cane useor examen aaaase wcs sare co e..,e memers o aam wo conruenormaono,s oane aa.ena . an an: neenneerr ooreen somrmoanovno cvoene sncaon even c. amesam o weneno nruor morenormsaasvec cea.n.:e eenrcace rm e we arenaon en w c oas a evnaearee. conexuanormaonoe anormaon,ser moo, ec. onruor was wenese enere e ucuaocncsornneneora o,ne aesescc. o osensvnevnenono cno,nsoruecas w sem somo am u an semoc are conexuaze smos wc reres con reresenaonswc smo ese conexua en e sncaon evensenerae a sner exene mean ze smos areenneo oan a reresenaon o e reasonneaerx sun eauz o ee sa nc sesm s oon cosn wer s exu smmoa.r or sow varn meanns are oranzeno conexuaze smos aze smos an cuserssar-sae ras o sores. wc roveeassoene semoc srucures an er sner smmoomoen a uss oer anesrcomoseneve unserono sreeseecn ae sumremvoarus o usae usaesor o a sner smo aes corresonoe curren meann. e or usaes o e ase onc acoreranrco a onooeoro asceac re oaosnsnven.on w, smos are comare an oranze smares o ernsananeous an e c cauree euvaence an asrac semeorms. “srmeeo a”ssra ucseoneervexne aneue meraonan sse.nse anncueso concree an concree smos, anwoeves o aessracor s smmooss: a srem coonsoremres a:n ma meuraozrem sormos. “osvenrca m”.uorm smos areurer oranzease oner smar an meann connecaeraze smos aresca emomens o smos an aresca “acvaee”.oae sncaon evensvs wcerer, or wce are creae or osone neraze smos occu a reonn sace-me.or exame, a roa sn neuron or aeoaro a o ro naeurnonerssencoen vrsuae crosr sexn oc aaornm eaveenss a w maeneervaerz someone sees a acvae wen aarcuar vsua smuussresene a cun o memoe smo wcs on aa reresenaon o a worrers sncaon evens wr cesn a comuer roram rease memor ces an acs onase on a me enever a comuer srue reresenaons asoave maeraze emanonm aessneoe wor. unueene sace-me coornaes snce muesrunsowever,e are no e same reonn sace-mea’s wa “srue” mea e reresenaons sare neeeo unueen asrue maeraze smon.s: aona sae varaes are maerazeena reresenaonswc are aruasrue reresenaons asoave m eomoormms.enss, c eovnenou s no awas cear wae are. smos wc arenvaran uvenenoconceuarou a coecon o maeraze asrac smos, ner someransormaonno a smoorm.moorms are me.x were “asrac” meansere non-sca,as, noocazen sace- “mouse”a,m acreosss o a smrnoeoromcsu:mense. euvea eenucev caaesnsc oe c aassn osa anc seso oree c searacer srn reresenne srn “mouse”n a comuer. e euvaence cas uences reresenaons oe srn s o a vsua u “mouse” on a comuer screen. smo, sucorm smos.susrae erevous exame, was common cae a aorm, assae wor “mouse”,sca assocae w mueorms:rneorm,.. a smooreorm, ec.ences cae a muorm smo. noweeu reorremse sm nms aoonss. are a useuooou ecen sowarememenaons o suc asava,sosseo coencca, w an oec-orenerorammnanuae n o en.ese oecs canseruc oecs wcroveeae reresenaons o an exame oes o aenames ou soe comex, aner sze cane verarenor more comac reresena meone’saoos. maes senseenonrouce enesee m mosem coorm aacr ro eens ssr oe ose ane rease coo o rn woecrms. c oe a snemsoes s amruoa asnsn roeuer wocwava r reerreesseennsee v aanu aersrae cona vnarnaees.noemeroseen smerso ossu conrsomu ceonnsuens cane comosona coe oe muorm smo.or exame, aares oes, caee reresene more comac reresenn eace name w names cane conann anneer raeran a srn enerseaue ve-e ee nam enee. exoarnme o,se ca semoe, exveno an oec weren a nese r comosona coes conan some coanseuoernms onee smo. exoaeorm nerorm an somen comoscocnoar cn. oeos anrooveer a asec oenvenon,nermeae exansons oerarcca acaono see varae-comex muorm smo wc aows a user or an oorns coc a comuaona omze smo reresenaon wose memor comuaommensurae we avaae resources. cever manane are exannaorms o a smo, onose comonensa are neeen exoaeorm aouee. eeor neonoarvmes oe a sa mmuenoerm smo an a eaxveo saameu:a anormve co cmoanss mvuern nse coans meann semancanvaran, are neeeo enae ecen comuaon o,n w.c are..rom sm so occurrenceso smarrouns ocaonsmoca occurs,nescose reosor, muemes ann mue coes, ex, aonane onoer oms s,e avneraosse smoorms suc as smoeners, comosona ccurrenc ao wes, ec.see.. ven maees o smosn asca emomen oescose reosor, wc are aer ora.ze.wo ea smos, s aeoomnesaer oeooocaerarc smos conanne samuevaen maeraze a smosor exame,woa ormus, an seuence are consereoensances oe same smo eemensna eemennaer a smoorm corresonso an euvaence cass oe e neerxa,e nramraens somnor occurrences. e.., a comosona coe m om o, a smo occurrnn aarcuarorm exoaeorm,e ae convereo anoer euvaen smoorme.., an ormse n an euvaence cass o smosorms: euvaencen smos e s s an eemen o, a muorm smo.ex, muorm smos caracerze casseasmermoar ex anoaeseeo arremusrmero oroanze arenroo suemeannco-eouva-eenucveaence casses susumoo.na,rouns o smar smosor smos reae roxm or mna rreaoronusnss a mrea cones orucaenearoemr. eween noneuvaen smos a aoss asmmerc "smar"sance a. aoman-secc orrma mercs,e su ocn, asor eexame: convenonaucean normn r e-sancen saces o srns ore . sme noumser o sare consueneas vaecocra seaceos areae smos suc asescrve c..ee orvoeraa o oe cro enxveennee same aomc meann e.n meannsn a semoc sace. neorcnamnouesa worns s or exressons are consere smarnasmuc ase cane use .orrma smos,ome conexs. measuresr suc as numers an scauanes, a naura smar rma smarov meeasurese a mercene one saceo wceeon. cacuaon o smarso mare re use emomens osnvenonooosrae sers can a acsuraese onn coemeosneo snm oose w smcar conaenweremna co smmosose. smos. convenoenmaocanssnuseweenreees o smos:nexca,conc an wereasor c.onnveenxcoan oan sesm areososee wncs e asreasseca va o cro cnavuesnaonsneoer sners, scussen conc smos are no nusc sn amnas oosos aucsosusren.con cane maeeweenrma annusc smos.ereas meannamurees, reauuena wnces a, coneesxsu-eeseuneeoncee o convee mneoannan n,a vauruee oneer smos arereeromeseroems.ereore,rma smo ss,rma meann:s no necessarosnuseween ar s cane conae wer ver smo o a maemaca naurenumermsa smo an wa means.ormaanuaes arma smo , rea vecors, ec. orssuerom a enes, suc as coor .scauanes, suc as, an sanar-ene nusc meann naes, arerma smos.aracer srns, sre o an rma sm, caons a ussuoaereeaone aos mremrac smos. searc an macn.o saces wose merc srucuresmoranor searcnor a macor a exrammae s,m-neoa,r aens-n ae-oco curuss aeronr amosr canmse c uasnee w useenor o mraannaznnr anmar somunos oncc aur-reoncce mse omorrm sac sesm oroas.aa sesems aroraeo sore an carre ou more ecen. es wereese oeraons cane sca rccorno anoer asec o snvenon,n orero mnmzee amoun o oranzeesnouor ace cso neeecoen o scee rse, woseroern coer suano srce as aarrcuar a caon,e reosors a caon-secc smos soa conenrremeovran eevoeo sorn on oes no neeoeoaeno sor-erm me .orearcuar a caon aan o smen anemnuaovne on meraance es,x wsnc mecanooesornowee reresenaonserac een secca raneo us esemaro use nave users woave no ssemsoene en eeseecnooes. s a caonscoses meos an smos can reresensem aens os s om enoses aan mnmocrmuamoann eaenmueanes a annnucmuane naomues ese evera oecs annvuas, reaons s,roeres, caeores or saemens, s ,recaes,oca aaemens aou saemens, ec. moes asoeromvaecs s,o cuormcesu oer s smcenocse s aunc o as neurmscers,nesssase onormaanuaes an comex oecs, suc asaes,ocum , ses,uncons, an more nauraanneu maee eox,ressscoonsseennerase aensc aa an usoenr,a anoas oes oa.nnusc smosso anaze ese exressons e user canen exrac smos wc are nesen smos an exres useesenusc smoso comose more comex are more aeunreecs oaron ecs. usaero’sn n oeese, c uuserurne, ane cr ceoamoen o smos resusn smos wc use. ences, an areereore easero smos rcecsournnroomeeer amnoo aoe eren,nusc exressons arenusc useo rearuersaenan auaeess a orce e a o nr euxaressn es. ee m. eroms “oweru reresenaon ssems an cane osse: an n wc cane reerr en ”s use ereneroaes sense maera ormmaera, concree or aesrac, a crnsu osr vca sume, moens aan o ern exr.a-nmenesa c,a rneae o:r acnounaae, ece.noweerson ecxurees ss mmeoasn anormnaoromn,aoan eemens as we, wcves naura ccornoeeacns osnvenos,normaon aounormaon. comuermemenae reresenao n,anusc smos wcrove reecroemsenosan unsrucurenusc exnsre oss aonns, nnam oe enan a nrae ouraaanneu aanae ezxnre asnsons sm reareaamcne cra ocrac nene our ssrcn ssm.o reresenn an n-arrecae or reaon,s oane w “ae sos”.or exra mmoree,raromm:e “nse ore unss ar mucouusree onn musecs e”x, oressonor smo aramerc smo “eres on”, oane reacn “a mone canue ae sosenoe an.earamerc smo oaneuse” an “mes” w reaceramens are saoe nesene orn ns wa, as we ase aramerc smo cane ve a unsrucurenusc exresson. ues o smoso a we as aama exresson or auncon wc mas enoee smo.e usee noaon*oncae suc auncon, an*o o as acors a arum onenen o as aaarasmseeroc semuoncoo onn.e or more arumen smossomemes reerre ss sownns a seroucouwren enxaumsec, s wmcosa. smoenersenoenreeneo eac mu ownneorm o a scr, w eres a mouse on orm smo: er mes aes on m mouse ,,es exoaee morumormer ere sems so o o wna nae m mnou oues sere, m , mase es as co amosona coeorm,, an an scr. an are nesenusc smosnesensn.cae easne oe evenoue smeo canes anecare-encooen se omanec oarn eau uvnaserunc,ure an exre asrseonw noea muorm osnc aeoren s sa wrmro ees. ecnaoese, su wc aseunsc a mouse are consere euvaeno caeores. aceoeror exame,e cae ona noaon* we omsson oe so ames o caeores are oora one mce ssecenone amce. names assocae weemsne sameor rumens wc arecae areenoemceerr, . exame,wo mce name “err” an “” ounnam ceaeoerms sanmee s caamn aesooer exuame s, “eac mounse a”nsn eeer wcncaese numer aeor same can asoe useoenoeuanencoe asmce. reen s o “su”,or examewaer aoes onere o waer. exame:eores cane useo resrce aowe soers o aaramerc smos,ors a resrcee caaraa osaes sces unmeo exereame ssvesr o cwacn s er cmono aca. sn a ooueracs as consuens, wcves usersracca exame, “o s,ees, ec. cane eas exresse as an,or wneevesa w ranoa” cane encoe as: e reavneoa s an snaeem oenesrs suacna a,s unesso con sn,sarsa. en,s w arecn carnonoucee, asssnoess aeruo vuaue n.on-sensca e ccorno one asec osnvenon, a user manuaes exsn smos,or exanmeraee ne mwe sanms oos a,orar exacma uese,rn meerace or a voce-asssenerace, so aso anassecomoson ans o smo snesscomoson or smo smosus .earamercnusc smos ane srucurenusc exressonsneoscrramem caancae c oomaonneenns wsc wa areeenco umseos asnu naunraanuae new comose smos. means osrocess ocsoenerae senencesno sruc , user converan nauraanuaememenerocessunre a ann reorma smoc reresenaons amenaeo comuer- ore secca, userasonn. neracen s s enernormaonnoe reosor means o a user reosor,oemver rooa ws w snoansa: sa en rre moseoro,:ee user seecs exsn smo,nsanaen a exame, manu n comoseemno new comose smos,or meo, wcesa snruc wureesnussace ex orne ass socrnese ann va s amraos-,a mnn-mronerace.s suseuen reconon se sncee newnor zes an smese areanownoe ssem. maonaseen exresse usn smos smos rec enr meo:e user seas or esnormaon suc asrmvenusc nau wors, names, ec,rma smosnumers,aes, scauanes an sme sucr aanannueasee exnroesseon as.rromravee s scme oosesu scs aesm n.umnserrusc,uarees, encu.s arce reconze as suc ase caracer srn: “eres a mouse on mes”, are exressons, rocessn meosnownoose sene aroe auarrase o nraauraanuae consuens corresonnoeurs o co-occurrn sncaon even mmaca nusc exresson. ese consuense aura oaramerc smsorosuce e nusc smos wc aree an srucure na c enr meonnesenoe reosor. anass o unsrucurenusc:ore enae users maarcaenerammaca exame, seecn, w a mou ssemeosan srucurenusc smos as we,or screen, so aso exrac emr vce, wors or wors comnaonssae on a aramerc smos. s meom a senence an creae newnusc smos an new a e asoo smos o a oeroeno nasu creea wrc nomeonusc smou cane e ws or neeo, users can asomora evxeo ae comosona srucure. exerna sourcee.., an onoo avaae one nous smos ornanrom an srucureso sreoorever,n ase w reoseoersc arne cana eexrenn m,on ureern aee ea. , r,e uvsseer,save accessoe semocan moreenera curae enormaon an nowee oranze an re-oranze er own ceormmnonon neo aoeve s esnerm m ane uoses ano enxerreasc s sonnor o me rmoaeose,r n uesn oe.rse caenvnerouce reosor. reoe smos ue ezenoes exor wessc sasnnoromrmaaono,n areer saanesn, aso wremne enn eens reesr,e osren ree e enes,eenn one crcumsances.aen or reevan enesecome evan wen an aen nees ano semocares or ex r sees a smoo reresen em. aenon o aa umsere, an en ne rea wor suc as an even wc as caure emnn en . ans s waecn e user wanso memorzene reosors a saenoror. en s a semocareecausee user sees a reresenaon reosors m anaoner exame, a comose exresson wc a user wanso recorne as aan. esvove aura o consuve enes wc areen reevan enesore reresenaonore coenms.uev rees eunnes re arere sseemnaoocnsar arees caeecau reseevaen us ceorn msusuenn s amos. exersees rseoenv.an consuen smos are eecveor reresenn an asec o sa comose a comosareamercnusc smosrove a mecansmo comne consuen smosno sm smonsernese consuen smosnoe sos o aaramerc rovoe. anaoeoerr m seacmanes, wceness o eemenseonno aarcuar caeor, e smo creae comose smos. ano oner oe exseseowwoev aer oreearon mese oc caonmsmse.x an rea coomnaoseaa-srucuresao no se o coumns an a se o rows a ae,or exame, comrses a ore sae oenerns neer a caeor same nor anusc smo. smcoronro a,s useuonrouce a cass o smos, reerreo as ac ouns, or smo areaes, wc are oane roun a se o smos smar.o so eseomoe or roucaan nrz sonuronrn vsc e a rreee a o: xaaone roun smos reae roxm oror exame, wen searcnor a wor, a snn roenmonso uusne wn ae rne saexaarconn reoorn s cmanoe m races as a va eurne uosneern esa ren m nra amca. ro muenrcs s araece os aaren aesooroouonca srmouons.nerenaervaone.., a sosm.eserou s wcarcaen an smo an cane useuo ass nsrove auscaonor annerrencomae saes o naus scores ano comare aernave or exame,ess wcrcv re a e aa errr oes. aa coemsm enona ennce.eoers ecxramone, o some eon comnn,or ones moves caneroueno aescrve ar nvesnoson an an areeaures or annoaons oeeaure e eae,.e smos reerreo aseeaure or annoae n reresene e smo wcs s anoer exame, a cae en ore suec oeescrve areae. smos wc usea c or smo cane areae w resrcearamerc s o ava aeor as a resrcn caeor, soa a user caneresene w a oaee saaemenuers acaeo memers oa caeor. vewe ase recraomon oe ao snar- os vaeew o sunorawe ceenrrea as, aee “scerscrvee a” erenae. cane srucurese ascnr mvae a arsree,aore e sxammoes, mroamae cones rooea oo rneresenaves o semoc esor o a semoc srucure. onormaon accumuae over..memenaon o smorounsan o oer comexaa-srucur reresenamoon srsouemns rear aensenmnorane “ rooeooor” ou smno asewxce, annune rcsremena maee ssem rous an man searc an macn w n,s essenao oesesss more ecenaern an en’se reaxe comosona ener. aures uner a unn smo oroeroaweevner a, ssmororouns asonrouce areaea o comex e are aowe reresen anze wa.ne answerosroemso oranzerouns snee same enno semoc srucures, asescreaer. comexacao snrucurceusn arenseesrar.omneoro eexnamae veor a raeroes sozer o smorouns an o reresenaon o ae emas o a user as aae a manans a ree oecsermanennve memor. smo:s cearmosseoo suc reresenaonsa a roee uorm smos an varae-comex comuaona omze sre convern eac smooe mos arorae exoaeormsw rm coomoorsm,o rnaan cnoeronme smweeenn.eerenersou-ee o ne anass oocumen oens.sscosu s, asncons maeeween wores an wor c reenerazesssncon consern wores a sucass oe- onrexs suuacze as omr coounseex a-nree se snmenocess a sn woroens a sucass o conexuaze smos. smoseca uc aseres a mouse on mes are conex-ree u cocnu eesex n suo ma czo oene s sx arems ono se esc one ee. oo cro wnc some conexuanormaons sece. “ucn” a consuen smorom a exuaze smos.e are oane smoa mous comose smo.or exame,e occurrence oe ran acrene comose smo: enoe oes ss mmes a mouse, conexuaze smoo ceocoarusena a ceon.exwaesreeenn. seecnoeesoree- s cmonosue,n na omen as a snenerenrceeen e wcer as o rcocuern. oore as aaevc aen, we.re aarseu. reereeserenns, s mmosos:e, c aa rne..emocon reresenaon oen. smos.emecoacaon a s renrecsaensaons, wc reresen sncaon evens, are conexuaze reeren o on even occurs wen a maeraze smoes conneceo a corr r sne.e seuence o sncaon evensrere a maeraze smo roae ssonnsanoe a s ae aue crnocsesr ooamse “ ssaammees o” eveer samea s roemeoonn oec sceuese a.or exame, a meann. n unersanss aoue seren arceaoner eevnen.esa ore sem wocconernenee arm somun oennormeaone conve even rovne sace-me coornaesa unueenesuso ae sncaon annormaon aoue meann convee.or exame, secn s no conve roa sn anemes a wcaseen seenenes a seuene coornaes o a uoes norove annormaon aou wae sn me ce o sncaon evens, nnormaves one wcoesrove useunanormoaoose wo vewe. nsananeous meann oe reresene sncaon even no recovere secese smonvovene sncaon evenus so.me cocanormaon resrcssos nexuanormaona ne csoneexn oernreoaons. w aew su rmaon exracon, wor menons, wc are oen assocae senencerrounn wors, cane vewe asnormave. wor aon we ane ennc wosnc sen aenecaers areo cerse naoe, oonwceev,ere, senc an an unau seem semoocconon an sncee wor muemes eren reaers, en rea n sus en man aona semocons. rerese euenars osscosure, noan secon,eerm “semocon on” onr samon” “s oonen” o conenus meeanco “nsemaeoc won “s reemroesecnoano”n” m.enons o “semoc arameer mzeu somrmo ss,mossscussenea uo now,as,rma smos, varousns,s, ar ncun caeores an caeor same, smorouns o reosor emmuae smos.nce creae,e cane soreermanenn a auara an assne anener wc cane use coneno reeroe smo, w euvaenneeormas vae s semmano wca nonv caraanne,ra enxcseormoaroonssse.., acorurenu nrewos seem oanca c aorenserurmcannen vara avae-caome, aerxe re merureorom as s smoos.mmuae smos o s naure, wc “mmua se”ouuneess nose aram aan smmmuoa.oer s emc s xamom es, noos. e one wose meanns necessar mmuae soc smosu er meann cear e smosoa areou are use. ens one conexn wc e are s semoc smrucousr weacs a m reusre cseannaev oeve srmmoe weocn caonee r ceassac oe sem aonoc serru rceurreess.enave smoro w wecns eex seemnoc srucure neesoe uae. semoc srucure asoas an nener oe ever me s “use”. eren romene ar sse omommcu srauceu sremeons.ese are ssm a cors w acn caunn camanenea oversnme, eweenmmuae an muae con e nowescre some o smeos. e acve was a semoc srucure evoves overme, usua w wc comnresrevseneono oow a unse or.eraeosncso wsecn cvaennoen exerocuvees o a semoc e nooox,.. ae ua n semoc srucures. uae, a nee ewss. m om muareen ssm muose uae ever me mee a newren.o enac s semoc srucure reresenn e news orenss creae an e ee new reresenn “mrens”s uae w e news, wcsesnaeo reresene re morerese enacevne sm as aon o e eo seme ooc ssruc,uorre exame neew, os can o coursee ae. n oneren aseen unerns ene o re ureseanees caee a s semaoe uc saruecuecause reecs a sae canene mus unser anoo a sera eexa umaee, a ev seemromce sruec caurre m roevrrees.enn e coornaes o m car.. norma es. normaoave ne u s ua roaveess. e s aououee co rnerrase w normave uaes, wc occur wen new cane. esene en an e unern en oes no uc norro exuacme, suose a userar, wean cures w eoe’s names,as aer,ar reaezes a newa seresonnonwsowoeoana’sa,s seoa a s sme neeeeswoorro svuce a as moreon. snormave reresenaon oerson,or exame, means oe morenormave..emnoemencoworerson. rove as unonoaramaes novrem uaoane a aoouves aso a renemen uaeecause no onoes reucese amu e en as,aons a co-worer,u aso enem oe smo,ence renne se o oecs ma reero. reerreo as seanre unnae us aaese, woe rreearse rseenaons o vaue enese.., “eoe” are e.., “mouse” a nemen uaes aeo amuouserms..escrvere caesamuan uaes. escrveu u urea ane e.osromra exvaem ue,a sue wosceoaers nnoow res ounce a omneouns reerreo as a er reresenaon oonncuns u se wseso enance one an one eene one numer.n anoweera s woue srucur currenroose moes coueone crean a -e-nus ac exresson suc as eone numer os on, aeenranmanve nenucn “on”roms,oeeuce smo..n.. waso creae aescrve areae wc annoaes w . renameoen u nama one “o us nna”e,s aere c uusrreeno rre rerneasemnna avne e snmoo or exeam seme,oc sarruceucre,e ssao..oonsno,sa reace wonn. mes souo aonse u e reaa o aes seorr u nsonw coen raenoss mouroer a wsea,vnaroans m aesn a coonneson mue rowsnroue reosor an seen mue menon uen.e aenormaon aouonn onea s oon,arecesoaer s newescrve areaesesnacee anoeene cr neeawe rse areessecnravvee a oreeae aouon: srucure reresennon.oea a consoao semoc onsoaon uaesa a cruc n uaes annormave uae. oe same en an ouoererea r aoueonmaamcanereo sesreamo wn oen s nmeceosssa rre.errn .. n suc asn a re e s nxeammo s mec a w sar esuc avuer one n ecan oro nesr ne sose encues s s.ream eeo seocwsu seumc- oua srouncsunrese use o vaue smos ese semocucuaons ano re c srucures cane useorac ecca, anna semocr sesrene srucure o vaue enes. canve rseow ucure reresenn a vaue smo suc asrens wcncues co-ow noerseers a snem oonec w sruccu erxecsue c croe-awonrewrso renemens orens, one esnaeoeena reresenaves o .esewo rene smos are ners oneoron o ewo nese semoc srucures, eac o wc.. ern semoc sruceu sremocsor oe orna vaue smo. wo semoc srucuersesn woo coarse semoc srucures no a coarse semoc srucure.or esexa mmeaen,n sus aroese smaar a orr oovuer oaamn ca mneme ceomne neeneness oeoeueaveunconscous assne s rseas meannsoe smoeoe.or ren a.ceas excuecon exame, searae c a caracer, suc asarroer,romersseas a .aomouas asaoe exocruoereeomeeas never meeas a seca caeor “ceer”or c.rssaseoeeas never me s nseancue a sean enesnossncun caroon caracers suc asome ca anerre mouse,usecausee wasooazo c coarseneaca c reae a s semoeace ceor sruoo c cr uorense nom.aeeaaases o aam memers anoron so, a eacam memer aameeoes creae anereeeoe caeores o eoe an caes no sesnaeoe nese rene caeores wne coarse noos orw. oreanzaerc uunarera av voarsu oe caeeoore s “mnveonea” ac enaocweames m eemers .xe onsorne-en ac one. -reererreenaceon asn. r u aso o semeo rece srernuccesureo noew s c ounns rrene reesrersaecn oave uaes os reresenave smo wors, a semoc srucure ma e smorom oer smos.n oer arcaes. nans ansorca recor o ae sncaon evensn wc meann o us aer s mmao us measrs oovreromene a-nun ae useer m meaan rena oze a samoe. aor exame,e smo reresenseers curreen.nene meanna as usae oe rewn oeraonsen execu neas occurrence oe smo: a eorme omocs s rerucreusreenss ar sem meoas-s remreosesn:ne sosor o sncaon evense conann an are come eresmeennare o seemraooncs eusnesocoreox,, n wm ace ocncu.r ae semoc srucureeve renemens, ss, meres, exenson--reerence, rmewen: ss,a coen usoaaeso,nns,o ermcaon uaes, everouaon se an curaon se oe reosor. ., accoman consoaon are execueurne ome oese oeraonse.., o carr ou an oese oeraroonosm, ann aease as we. reecon, wcnvoves reco numan or macne mus enaen eecon resu ecn or reconsrucneas meanns o smos. a sn a semocnen creaeeween a curren sncaon even unne arans s ennc.aoenw evoenn wec snavceaeoenn e avsesnessseecom aen aeeno reresene same srucure. nar oe same semoc eecona oo new eenneer,sn-eoecno oua ennn,ouaon oe reosor an escosenvenon comrses a snm aorenneesrwonne mnacersnon caomnoowneene w recre csaernaons eseree sesn a uneason evermee reosor sse res ounormaonev mness aace o e reosereor acse ueser. eecenoe an acve memor an aemso reconze ever smonu sm urs o sncaon evensvsrouce enuaa evereece eresn ma meceo as aannsaae s smos soren memor. a.-neares neours a rucures are useor smo macn: . “verca” ormso searcrma smos emeen merc saces o s comosonaoesesss, oane racn an recorne usae c. “ormzonoas”n r comose smos,oeecoena maces smos aneaxaon,oea w nose exenne searco neourn . rucceo-rasne roeasosn anse,c w oc aeenmvensono, snemr soeasr acree se sarmceosnrom exsn smos. nowee reosor neranoooca orzona searc w coescose searc.ac searc reons are oane crean a mosonaverca wc comrse euvaen smos, smar smo n uan aave ne oroos reaons s.erca comosona sea s an smos reae susumon an onu n oom-u c rcsase one comosona srucure o smos an verca s omosonss wcrac smo usae.neraon oorzona ncun reaexaerc cosm caorrseon ouss a cnac rueaaxne r ceomaxeosonoaeseossesse os vsars.ous es, r cearaeseneas w sone ucanno anuw ean ,e aan e .ere e m ras a erer ema seae- nacoao cnoemwe anue uan aeonea ex escrr roes eesrveeeso re owe ,esr r o nea asonn anara rmeserrcc sonms oons aen snru ocunreormnauosnc sam useorss can cso,msm aumon ose wceo no ace reosor ncaeoenowee oca come.asuonanonss veswerouere more as a seuence onerna sncaon evensan crs ssues nns more o a sasca naurean an axomac one, soa n man onaouwsee m anoeeseaasseor o exameeer ovne m roesauosac oerruezczeoencce, orvuersec noa .s asoue vaue, an eoa o reasonns more one orownare an o oca an semoc coerence an one oeuc reons o coerence reosor nrueacs mssnrome comeen. anreare mncaecraese meeceo, wce s ceomemense searc meo usn ruesoomosona annerena arc moue, w eescreaern moreea. arerocecssceorn anon an s eoea renerc cre a nsn eee wcr o oaon r s.nvenon,arancomee comosona macesan. wcners new smoso comeee mac. comarecc aonr mnaeo a wno eer asec o envenon, a new creae comose smos aso esa xsnnsanae smoavn some consuenn common, so ara macsesnseure-nmaacness, aonun asouronnnaeszeo an oavee n neew smorooo msa.oer uses.urose, consoacecor son asoo aneo rerc as reecres oenasonnvse cnonona,n senm moac srucures areeroca consoae reresenaons, comn xma ses oeauresese rc aormsaneroooca reaexe w ecen mu-e comosona searc oeenerena sea varansor aroxmae macn, reucee nee s con rces, wc areroneouc a comnaora exosonarrer. ara execueso oanoen,urronces asn, w aucom eancasroorem-unncaasoen, a on smaroa occur mreences,seeacrom users. ans o anexceco crorrnesoon aneoner asec oenvenon,escose ssem assumes on aoose ru vaues an,o ensurece souenwneeesns, smeroorsm asno mceaan conesr aennce ceweceesn aroosons an coerence cecs wn coerenrames oerenes, su n semoc mueameosere anssnnenracvee sa semseso mnesa,n wner oern ae u ssaemre emruoc vs a a as: smo or arooson occurrenceu ueresecveo eac osae o sa smo orrooson ec., werenm muosee s omccuorrsenec.es., o na au croansanueunae s emxressons, reaonaaes,aaases,nerre oave, consrucon,e same consoacao eon. noerrmena sonmeo areaes oerenes:cescrve areaes, wc wc areae rannoe sameeaure sueccnerence areaes, areaesseremses an roucs onerenceervaonscoooca oane va, w semcorco uun ecauvoane ann, somcaar o urn necaaron s,maoss.,oerroeunn a sremaoess m saae consuen wcaseen reconze a user or semoc maser rn anerreaon an roun occurrences oroosona oavee same sameru va smos reconzeoavee consan or snuae., semoc srucures, wc conan conexuaze smos caracerze a coerenmramoow esme vna ussr e on m nasea nnnv aenn. ernoan ovreaneszcernoormaonno a newor o "arae" eease reasonn, werennor ns oe wor,oeca reasonn an moe a aaeron. maon enere a oneon cane sae correce or rames, souuaan ceornenrcae acnorocaoeesuecs aonns s caanemee snase are c sereaeno searae o a conexrame, wmces.rovesroeco arre ou wneounar conanen oerra n ansoaonrome conracor saemens smos acncornnerenoc aen nooeesr ass coencs oruceenvenneon, a memorra comrsnnsanae comosonarasreresenne rae uoourerenes oras:reresenn smo euva smo srucure o smos,ooocaras e varn an non-unvocae rnecae,o snmsarse anwe seun ssummoosn an, semeor rceerraesreresenn raswc reresenoca annerena reaonss an execuenenresnc aenernveareonncse. comrses:u areurara own ma seereazeusraae ss amn eoms roermeesenn on oeccusrcreonscees r oe sosor wc e reosor sorae meansooese maeraze a smos nmosn convereween exerna anao snas annerna eraceso maeraze a smosrocessn me a reresenaons suc as oerwser ans wc conver, creae, comne, anaze, ornuouuo scesnsa ssm receov oeccurrormenc oers,e anver weco aseorocnesesraa reresenaons o conneceo aeas one usere.. auma ces.e reosorsnsanaene reosor.e r n user, wcs aeonerree smos moueso meae anoracaeenoseraocrosn a wso oeo unsaer a cnonneec eexeorn:an eunv arnonm ouenu acaon enne a source o an . sowse re exerna smos. .usraes asosrouren r ae coonuraon w mue users. conneceo aura sor comrsnwooca reosores wc are .rawn s oeeosse rcemsoee users means o a newor. aers o euvaence casses anroxm osrmanarzaosnu osu smmoon ocrcouurrenncsesonoo aoscraconaers oeno a e roes.eraawwe wne s m reeseoe. ecoe ac msueorme ss om som.oorms,erner-reaonss an a mae.aeranwunrn se aennesra acovwec seassro rne,rnecseunnn:reow vasrnou os ses an user acons smo creaon smoneson an en oe semoc s e reosor conen ra.uerne reosors aceve crean a rucuresane semoc .rawn see usraesn moreeasnen seessnnuer smos. o a new smo an, means o an exame,ecs vovene comosonnvove as we aser reaonss. e smos an smoormnsances ov .rawn seeecs annerae comosona-semocra exenn sersamneraucavoen sesassoens o anneuesarcanns oe ussanev oen anon a.msuouusr smo"a mouse" an creaon o a mu-sense reconcer smooun e asousraese over sess.ons aranwnus sreaenee secms aoncn reenraemear en co smm o aoos. vaounea-semocra exenn e caeor "e uzz smosecca, exenn o.verroa swe esn". so snse aenecs annerae comosona-oooca-semocra ,,, as wee assocausran semoc uncaon oroosona smo resunesc erea-o-cuser semocsor converson ane ane crorrve smo.eure asousraes aooocaneween an over sess.ons arae nwsnon us sn reaeoo n saeo ecca us a s anm eno s,e sermae. comosona-semocra exenn coarse semoc sruc oc renemens, an semoc anass o a over sess.ons anrawnure us sn raeeoner nee su recc- oss arnucnuerersa.e comosona-semocra exenn a reconcer s ncaon owo reae semoc srucures means o oewo reeameo secm srouccu sreru wcuorsees.nce reenconocnes se smmuoacn serouucsureneoeaons exam cou reresen,or a.e, .woerenereanvornse or are samoons osuce same smo, suc ase "mouse" smo o. c. euv ase "eoe" smo o. or earsenw moe eaxnamnse osa.e a snm.o r.esun a cross-over conuraonne semoc araan, a wne mreannaenweor re seaaera eenesso, areserasa svnow cnomneo.e.ernoe reconcer,vere sownnn.ea.er cearse recco.n,ceawono, ene eens arees m areer reer reesseunenn a a u snmuesorno reerencnoruc o oane su- . rawnnro sm e reconcer. ase on com ee usraes aneraon o e comosona searc meo varan we osonss an rawn see usraese aroxmae-mac .re a serarc-enan consuens e w n a sac searc reon. en rueexreaswsen a ss ceaeeor suussreae ssm a coonc wreecn eexerecuncees n sooesomsse. aarcuar wcs ex.em soewsn an a.sr.acw coa oeoerse su areseee smorwoa arnnoeurernnerence su-noes, one o acwar ca ce noes anwo are su-noe a.nn n aeru nsoraees.s a sneon caeor same noeosn aeeorwarnerence sa mnaac-cann su-noe wc resovesuer smosrec wous swonwnn a onaoa smos.n . , sermnaac-cann noe o . o auer as sen connece.o a caeor suse noe so aso reaze arec resouon consuen.mso a. caeor unon smo noe w wonerence su-noesoneor eac conuncon.erm oer. ramwsn see usraes annerence su-noe assocae w a eeaeoe consnueernse ccaoeno ore csaeeor reessonnseus oueres se,m oncoes r aerceeveecomose anno a resonseo , are comne . smaernruoceusseers. exce a a r nuuereso asuncon oermsunon o caeores,us one o ee csonosnseueon cenuuer cane consruce aer recevn a resonserom os . rawn seaeeoreus.sraes ens a aneenorwarnere a smo reresenn awo-coumnae wc w nce noea rerevesenormaon conanen aarcuar row .u sunsarase rseceevene wraco cno onanes anne ereenmceen co omoneenrs o couem mne.morra w noeeo wooccsa an co amoronxenm:aoen s oam aenae noe sownn . sneo annu smo s. - so eemen o ers coumn. ransveroer owen "nn"ererenceos nooneso mseeans on aueesco srwmaro nso.e an m aaaecrawazres-e ceanrneo nsoeons ".n an. reresen some oeon semancs oe ver "oo" w .usra"e asn an "wen". memenenerencera sum omaerz reeson s ao urn.easoneasc comonens useo a.e mne sm aea ncr nosn a a,ou ns nco so msa euaro nen o. nenvenon,e noaon *as a somewaeren c..nmso secenon,erse a sremeonones se s usenc w seocn.o an,e arnen mneanns secanon se acnonn.erawns. .. rucure emomo o en a asrsec sco oas wee r nneeoss .coosrenvenon,s conveneno examne oneosseenera vanu mean , wcusraes a reosor neracn w a user conroe aens or a anar oauusu ca maeanes on.erere usner sm cooue auman user or a comuer- ma asoe connecerec o ssemoc maser.e reosor aasa n r va a neworo an acaon enne wc carres ou o aam’seesa a cononoesc oorn maon aa renons ao sr, suc as,or exame, manann a smar arcve n aon,e reo mar arcve oea asses o a cororaon. anoer r sor mae conneceo aaa source, wc coue user ore coousore a o coneneceesoc aonse exernas co amucaero sn,seossneracn w anoer aaase or onoo anossrovn a we m or neworncun a recevn anmo servce.or exame,e reosor coue courocess arsn o exeos secnaonunse sm aons exroemrn a connece exernaaaase or onoo or rove a we serv a acaon or as onerne resources severaees re oo msaoerce. raze comrase ssm aroosc:e esxsoroa an sorae means wc conans comosona coes,ece as eorms,ece asamon ces consecuveneersromone r eexcaamnuea sro cewns s semmooceonn reersrese,naveonnse, wecce are a cso cnrexuaze smos, ece as ova ces an semoc srucures es oxoc aaua smer coe orms. osrms., coumoorsmo snma coos,e ssuc a asn s,mo,en,ers areeren aura oesea smoormsor exame, muorm smo aans a comrse ener an a comosona coe,,, wereas muorm smo as s smmo ener an an exoaeormenoe o cae wn aes, wonco are maaoerrmas,z meunorem o sum. uo mso mauave anao smoorms, e emomen sownn. sowsve e. s, were cr srow, o wcwo,s an urn aaeeaeurn anneracve sessonenoes anree,, an , c r sesson.our semoc srucuresrow are aso sown, aon w seomnnoecco srsruncucraene,encasneonaneonseanranseooruess.aoomncs mesan ann o aere mune same smo n sessonsssusana e same assnsananeous mea orm .ess an eonowosnc semoc srucurese anenn,nn sesson ae aomcnsananeous meann oe muorm smo n sessonscsan e same ass aomc meannn s no sma “+”nee uaer s rmo cosr cnreeaeessounrn.e secon sessonsesson are mare w a ers sesson ane wereroncaeae were none reosor ae en o n some emomens, aee reousrnoreoso aw smna sesson. more soraeevcessuc an or, a -acorevce conann one or necessarneraceevc arocessor or mcroconroer ane an esno sownnerawno communcae we moues meansn o. , coenrn eemceomens,e reosor s aersona comuer ane ouu means, o, mancue a comuer screen, seaers, ec. anenu oss a ca amseor conneceo, mancue aeoar, a mouse, aracaevce, an are an oneera r e. ameonm ae smnasr,eo rneeosevocre or a,aeenuev mcee,a wnsc ane ouu means acaon enne cou asoneraee smoorem r.eoors exoar. mnec,u a sesransormn meanso conver a smoormno aeren convereno a moener conssn o a comuer memor aress mae e conen oe corare esxonoane soorrame recoerre.erse annconere ex sammoe,ne onreerr aonra rnesmrev an sormm,o suco a a uss aer w,ee reooseors maaransorm aa smoormno an anao smo e re e on an exerna screen. resenae smosoosr, conecxauanzceu semsroesse, onr snem moeacns sroucruerseesno some oensanae ar, resunn aura oresene smos.ese e useror recevn rocessoro conver annernaor resenn meansncue aa envronmen.n some emomenms,neo aresoernm snu maeaensorn ccoummesunracnasoonrmon mee eaxerna conver aaorm o a smo suaeor soraeno anoera or a nso suaeor communcaon.eresenn means mancue naoorm evceoenerae ouu anao snas.ne oer aao anaonerace e reosor ma asoncueena sn emomenseresenn means o comuer screen a-consumnevce wc coue,or exame, a eresenee re soms oro a or s s me soaae asnr. ocu come seoseec nn meanso enae an exerna usero seec some o an anaooaneraceo c ew smos.ese seecn meanscancue emooar onver exerna snas wc ma come,rom exame,rom a e m,e a mcroone, a vrua reaae, or an oernuevce.n some ne en rse, aonsnoru coemvcres mesaneesnne mraeeansn ane s reearocsnor m.eansorocessueres an rowces csroera ane a s sme oosn sosr auscoonesneora caerr a oruo seor resonse.ese meanscancue a acaon. me oe meosscosens... onam reomsars, on,. coeorm.e areow, arermve smos wco noave a comosona smoener asever assne aeauumm comosona coeven er e exoa soewonrmns row,. ,,, are ,, row oermve smos recor o caeermaroes oese smos an are norma soren a n soem ree eomsoormeanss,ecao sece eener oe smo. oe exerna sourc cerecor o armve smo ma conan aoner consumon o sensea osenn exoaeormore sae o reucne smom woora es s ae m c roeso oeu s-rceeasr. ann com.os coem somseo s omaonese cnoemosns comeouseorna coe.eenn comosona coe o s,,, as sownnenersecon o an e comoseoona c ceoere scuorcesaomoenne saee smoroe. coomose smo s emnee, comosona coe execu wever,e reosor maecoee smo. neuereren so asorouceeecoeo oe are smoe neonaoenrs , , , s useoncaeaeneers,,, s e noaonor,,,s u,se,oen roeseecsv ceo.e-earn comose smo aon w.. u sm-usoer aennesr or exam.e, memuserrarseu os aen e rmeoosmoreens were severa usersnerac w a reosor. memorze an sarenormae soanm, seucam as mocaum uenzse a an reosooosr anoca ceneromeo .usraes asrue reosor, como ommens aouem. an conneceeweenemsev se owooca reosores or exame, arou orens or areosu an o w cowo areursra ma oa uvseerser o mwenan rs o a newor. wce manan excusve wrervees,ue m eosoreso memer oerou soa everon aran rearveeso oer conrue e oe e can accessenormaon anenowee.. consaenurs anu on. . rn anneracve sesson user anesucsorsaees reoes soers.aer mnaaen exe acu seurn anneracve sessoneween a ncun conexuaze smos a esson , some smososs crean n semoc srucures arereseneoe userse ses can seonmee a enxaecoue wae csocoer esx mamaee a, on a comuer screen. numer oosse rowsn sesonro sues, w, s .ese ses arevenoourrous: semoc evou cm reosu-crena ao mno secsaornou o sem,oce snruecsuroens s ae , an nr ne semocrowsarou . cear.oer exame,e cresraen wresenees m waee rse smoovea creorma vne swmoss araeeres oenn ae scr meeonreo r aeccourcen cuoe sro.me seeesc mea c asoe reoranze,or exame, sornss o smos smunceun seexe,c vssu anr acoaer nsso , s an. we. esrove macne-enerae sensora a user oer rece ouns, ec. wc are umae receve annerree exerna envronmvnare s aeounareweenea reosor ans menorcmaa,o ae n wn, w aouecw m e recan reac ssu en noe e seuma mene u onser .oas.erese cnonans onns conven seece wesaeaeravn assne aaero, a neeonanormaon,e anresenn aona "seconar" wes wc ca e.snvoves crean orome ancesorree oermar we anr ncue anaoorms o smos or exame, a smo reresenne currenormens comosonss. na on va ancon one screen wc on con s oe user maeresene weor exame,oown a mouse-cc or vanseae "rens".ans es oe names oeserens creaoce comman a user ma enasan erensnes.useuen, aren anresenn a new weor eac one o aonanormaon aouaarcuna we masee seece anaeoresen newane oc wan, aow moanae re rseouurrcees mousrr see a ano.ceaeem ws coennaanenn a wereen.or exame, a oreover,e smoenae maac aorm suaeorenresene.sos. ma onave a smoenerorm or a coeorm.r maave arr exame,orm conann severanernanon-exoaeorms wc ne exoaen orero exoseernormaona conen.mo eoeecoe or exaneorms o varn comex are cae varae s suc ass, wcave aura o us,an a we ma enaeco-conm anex ex manusoonr om smos . enera,erormnransormaon wn a .ca smoorms an, more aona comuaona resourcessuc as,o ,s reuree aocaon o soree conen oesoeres r exame, a cun o sor-erm memoro eer a smoas re ene.soss recursve exanson connues un exause. ace a raworm, or une avaae comuaon resourcesaveeen aaeoer w conveers creeaoe a anaareeseonrme s woena a s soemeec oe we oeers sease s moaeemseves e aeoeme..,ern,an,ncusonn a comoson, ec..wnn. ma useu,ore examer,esoenssameusaoer o or r ae sneeecee m semanno o or s ae smmooc s, arsucure.s mae m exaneaern mo creaoreonea. aec o s cereanes aerromua sm reosu, ssucne creaon o a new smonsance. users ma sm e as a numer or a caracer srn.or exame, e mneorrsaan a seca eaee, ore ma seano a mcroone. newor. a smorom an exernaaaasee.., o. orrome smos.e encoes armve smo reresenn ase comoson o exsn anazeorarm exmaamcae, a a cnar caocneverr sernn reo are mseonren sru a nauraanuae senence cane ceranrammaca comonenscon cure reresenaon wc s recae.n suens, suc as arammaca suec an arammaca conann a uanrasmruecrucr semnou,sc smo cane encoeno a srucurenusc smo e ener as exanen secon.. arumen smos, or aaeasra am neewrc s smmoo w com onen onr m aorue soer- smerso.o wr exa omne oer, more reresenn a-sorecaee.., aaramerc smo maeo a smo ounrecae reresenn a saemensee aso. uno a smooe a n.. .e susraen moreea monesone creaes auer smo wc reresens somenormaonoe rereve. ca eenas senasrcruncsore reosorones a new creaeresnu smo.s nsanae smo.e sea arc macoenunese smo amone exsn nu smo.no cases,nesaons, reeunrns ae reoso-snoers corena sems ano w savecs a mnancseasncee one smo,caneorm o a smoene u semao r.enesenu smos auer...ro,n,ene reosor reurnse smosouno maceuer smo. e exens corena aens a u nae o semoc srucures a sm ew semoc srucure.sca occurs wen a usereemsa neesooaavse a a meaenrnenn reree csuernreano cnone.ex., a maoree rnenees somen new, or somena consoae reresenaon. new se reresenaon or a more semoc srucure. moc srucure can asoe nesen an exsn reresee exens an exsn semoc srucure "usn"or reerrnos conexunaave smo. esor o e exene semoc srucureans a new cuerr seanm meezaenn sm ooee.s r.,e ar neeswenav.e smcao,s a r seecmoonzce sruocuerees s eaxmeenoer s wusenanea smo cane ass m e rec ro aesw r enec asen n a u s mesemeaonn oc s s. ercucu are m soa an earer usae os reresenave ewnn ma resune creaon o a n eann oerans mos recen meann. convenee sam reecoorn azesroxamaeeoneses saee meem s meenm easo n oc n a sru arceuare r.eresen sncaon evens reresen ese aroxmae euvaenons. neneraes a cuser smoo semoc serucu uaese sae o enamc orme-varn en reresene a esnan sr nee,w aenn a new smooesor o e semoc srucure, an e ren semsoe eoee new reresenave smo o e semoc srucure. s reresena xene meann o a semoc srucure,or exame reacn reresene ve smo w a new smo ancues annoaonsescrors aou e nese seme en oc s s. runcsu ore an neerses a s seumsoe oc sruecusreorro om ae “aarreenn” s seemmoocc srucure e maave a ermore rene reresenave smo wcserne srucure an evens reresene s su-sor u no necessar or a e nore sncaon e onswo semoc srucuresavn smar or r orna sncaon evens. resun a coarser semoc srucureuzz-rec eae meann, wc ma e eecswosncncomaonce maeaonnn ors mere-reconcaon. reconcer smo reresenn aounar eweenw o a smo an creaes a corresonno one o ewo meanns. osnc semoc srucures, eac o e meann assocae w eac one o eeounar smo conruesoeenon exame n ..conc-reconc wo semene semoc srucuresseeor comosee smo rsecoavnezese saame aourr aaao ro on xm o.cacuerrencee ssa ome a c momeamnonn s anm uonne asura o comose smos on sa common smo, crean a coeren areae s ese e consoaese comosons r mo. ar eaze a semoc srucureno an areeaaee s smmoo wscen coenssonaaeesoeenoerm neawo rne croenseannaeven oe sase c soemmoosc sonruscurse. wc cann ece aenr s oeece ase ne swe sseas or co emneee se,s csonoro reurnsoe "coose acon" se ,...emorzn annu com n . .ne osenormaon eemen. er r coumn: “owcar”usraese ses o one meoscose anenno,rmaaseon on e ceommenosoro wn,co re a rreesreen an memorze a semocare,as, an en or consruece wear senaonsen sou.nnu comose smo oan caon o a user, an wc reresens sa semocare,s n a sneen,nees reeos moreanrse oseese ses. exame sownn.me couns aura o weormsoe user.ne rou conann mn: “sa”eseresene wes areece as a n se , seev uesne wesaee “”, “”, ”” , ”” , ”” , ””,. consuens wc areeemr seeecos,e a rmeoenvaneorr reeserneseen snmoes s,e amourcaar oe.nu exame sown,e seecon oe user,, consss oeree ne woseeners are,, resecveeaceners s smos,,,, corresonn we owneowe een sue com,osen sonm. ao coeen oeers n oenu consuen smos are comne,o smone exame sownn.,ew comosenu smoe "nese" ee o.e coumn: “orasne”ue comcosona coes:,,. e user, woses are,,an wose wese smos,, seece comose smo.ese smosorm as are sownn ane resun ,, areearen noes o n eemenar comosonara, were nese e c noe.e nncaesas e smose cunrren unene. ennn o aroseneson oe smo creae a se , wc ma enae .se a seaarrc oom snn sucecsc esou snra u, ao , sneea srce enor a. er mac ooenu smo s uneraense nes seermnaesse . no, an e macn smos reurn wene ane new resun nsance onu smos creaene reosor smo ma rec ener s reurnese .e searcor a macoenu smo soaunrsevneera en saee sesa arceor oo aer surmaos o, s suecarc asee s cmonsos.uens oenu an ecoeaerme,e smo mae recae usn sener asnu sna se anseresenenoo ormexoaeorm . we ma ene creae e ncaesoee co unsern.unroomncuraon ase. ... a sm er smos so cecs, uno s cnm oenso .cr ocecsur aer reneen rrc eaesroeres o eren es o a enes aon w seuences o’s senaons onormaon, umae maeraze as convee aa arncua’sr, areaer semn reoesrr reeerore aso asa an snmoromsa anon eeemece onormaon une. en ornormaon unersooccoro rnereos aen co amnmoena,enon, a smos a sner wcncaes, snes ors smo. uman user or oer oee oc a ore rnea caoanseon eoswan assee r ceoenrneenc oorn meeanwneen o ae smo an semso recer seanve,w succ ass a sensccoaseon r eeveonsosr c,a reees a o senm a cooc maser. or assnn a meanno smo occurre nnece semoc maser semoc mase nces.normaon eemens are accesse on a e ar s am semoosc m saaveera onzeans a ac sceescsoc ceun sm o moe omccourrre cencessn.see reosor aerm se maueenrcae.zeus, mua sem ococu rrereenrcseso oae s saemcec c suecu o memor ces conann mae ence corresonosnc...normraazeon a smos. ee eremms “ensa an smnoor”m, “anoornmaunon ees eren verroa an ra emen” an “normaonune” are use com nerom sme enes suc as numers, names an wors,o emase,xm aane ss,r eucc.urem enernesor smuca aosn nauraanuae exressons,ss,aes,ocumens, reerreo asnormaon eemens we srerausc muoreres cnoummeexrsn, noarmmeas, wors are more naura ocumens, ec. are more naura es on srucuresaes,... onexs, se cre asnormaonunes. reosornesns e ao ra rn ces woso eracs o oeerar aen o wver a mnu exene ueserse,r som oosm oecc,u orr wn aenu mrau oe cosnnecx cnon wexcs an occuernsananeousaomc meann o a smocaeens one snc coonnseexcus ave se ssessss oo. nnsnv eonvenres anc us uerse orrs a ore rne woso are res mosao cron uasuna asven rseo or eac user an ea c conex a conexs ac co reeoresnorra.men a coerenrame,wo occurrences o a smo are esxsoneaeeo sramm,e s rmeeroen co ore, m weanen, e rec.arne wssc oee samrcoua orormsmoener,...noenous an e ccurs. reosorxoecnaous c smos re onans occurrences oo enoenous smos, creae e or roeseroerncese, ane r eexoosenoorus. sme moeasn ornn oa ann erom an exerna source anmoreno morn reosor maeerenro xoenous smon a conex wne crea ms "nene" meannne reosor wcas...meooer smo. scosen.ms venuosnr:aes saev eexraoaese oo srmmsos a cnom smosoonoarm cos uese emomens oe conexuaze smoswcncue semocon reres smoeners aae wes anaae wes.ese smoss aenna sons sacnon- , exceor wes wc are anao .nsances oe moorms area usrae e exame o.:eneers,,, seormsne reosor are smoeners oeve smosaee resecve an asrown. aree ,,, rown.ecour e ,,, an ene as, xoaeorms oe smos ,ncana,s, smo, c,arown.s a comosona coe oe smo arumens an .nnaoe c womeosser aownne.uer smo oe maerazensee ouu moue e weor,,, arree sown asen execuneue sense resu o usrareso oe arumens an . sown asen w a muorm smo reaesososseorms, wc are smo s e oranzeerarcca.eoomeve oserarc, a muorm meann wc camnoe aeccesse an e oxusoea oeoer rmeosorae..r,e wc cno an cvoensnencoerm saeon or a maser woue asssance oe reosor.ermar exoae moc smos somemes reerreo asso orrmaro. orm o a muorm ermanenm ororaonrsmesn a, ane c noemxowsooevneas c,o smesoe anreenrserna s,m woc r ceanreseen eaer use e reosor.omosona coes are oane wen exsn comoons consuen smos are comoseoeeroe a comose smo, or w sae exoenous exoaeorms anaze anecomoseno exs en aoss nerna srucure oro reuces memoroorne n smoso exoses eoureve conans conexuazen scmoons, w cocmresson. reresenaons, wcen anor reresen sncaoncue semocon smosreresenae smo coornaes.ascsen evens, anuce conssn o a snn smous anener or reres ne,or exame,aar smo was reerence or creae.onexu enaon oe conexn wce reerences an reresen ore aze smos cancae vewe as smo smos. n ensananeous conex-eenen meanns o semoc sonruecxuuraze smos w smar or sow varn meann areroueno onexuaze semsos a,n w secmoecre sorurec cuarnese ar vee mweea- assm reoress,ennna smeo rersesoeres. smos reres n anao smmooen sormns s a aome neewn rouroose. eve arse, soa enca we ae usseron aneaae wes are enae exerna communcaon an aconnener rac we smos ano esnuseromure sensora sac wesa.neracveaae wes can . . es are ae o eecveorms...uorm semanca m sum euoo vrms ae snmoro s a smo wose occurrences maen one or more sncorms oe same smms, reoerareveoe a ssameeonrsmasn oaneeou ssm meoan.nu ws,ewno oc occucurrences o same conex or, moreenera,ne same coerenram rrnne an exoaeorm, a comosona coeorm e.or exame, a smoavn nsanaeno an oesereeorms wou a anec a smoenerorm mae s a more secc exame, conserenorne assneuave meann. seuence o consecuveneersromo maon eemen conssn oe a. n acaon ma neeo rerese+n-sa m maaeemmaaccaa oec. exoaeormven an arra oen conann- oe rceres means o an numers.eoaen o annsance osorm woue*ens.aons oese .ene a rneo asoorne mrao e an rcoouene ws arcra crea reescoren exoearse eoermmenes ocre arra,s romesewoeces onormaon.s coe wou reure* + e aove assumneoner cane re = s, c. na, arorms resene w s. ose aove coe orvene aonerreurn aoa o so a recora semanca eu aove arra.esereeorms are consereoe e aoremenonveae rnou renere wsencaoronsu ocese an sa emxeonaormeaoromn eroemmene o arrr ean....oarrmameecerass an exame o auer, wcs ae o comuaonaorm n.. a comoser o na noo aars coones rese,cv aence ar neo useoncae an exoaeorm, anener an resecve a comosona coe an an eaonc ncaesac an are . xoaeorm oe muorm smoene secnn ans seacrocun,areor nmoa.oonesaonns ownncaes a muorm smowou a smoener.e n secon, “scosure oenvenon”,nenoe muorm smo oaons ma asoe useoncae an unseceorm o a e noa.onse noaons:c ncaesa,c, an are aorms os. useeren, ,,, areormecaraors wceneee oorme are conovreneo sna, oen o oene enc,osoneerceanraaoer ssm aoowse an an s am noesoermorromms aanex. wou aecaraor.or exame,s ans, are auer s re wren smo,ene exoaeorm oane aneuermooe a anwo arumen enoe rumen woue ermanen sms,soasa. avnerm ananeenn semrso saenoeer.en smeo.onrene smos saoe een aocaes cae ares smo. smos sa wc aneneras noe assocae w aermanen smoen oeransen neverecomes ener wcs unue on wn a reser. smo mae assocae w aoca or muorm smosermarce conexor exame wn a sesson. smoener,e no nen sorene reosor anavn aermanen emomens o on o smoen aes.ormemenaon reasons,ca awassnc smsonsv,e envenonoreuawoes sem smoso ws are osnecrwesermaennencaeon eacers ooere. orm oes s naomrmea sm asosumee sam ao reso esnoore cnaonusr,ansaorsm, onee s remosooorrmano an oer smo.ss noenerae caseor exoenmouso smenosero wr e s creaee reerence an exoenous ssemsoren s xaomu nee,c aes rsearosoarvn ma... aocceossoocsuenon. erarccsa a s roe awa ccno ornns n.o, s semmanosc, s emuvoaeonrcme,s arno smo occurrences cane oranze reaons. xm, susumon an smar smossa aner exam oe o. sm,oe s ocmcuorrences, wc areeren conae w maeraze comosona coe,,en soren somn. occursne reosor ase exame,e smo,avn smoenee recor oe reosor as an aona comosona coe,, as anneer smore, occursners so o sa ennrmve smon some rec ner.e same smo aso occurs as a an euva senm coasso orm smson o accurreen no cer ex o semvaee e o reo razeso eer sra. mrco,n. cane vewe as consereoe euvaeneavee sa sn wcwo occurrences are e same seuence or meow-eve reresenaon, e..,eave occurrenc eavee same vsua aearance.or exame,ewo eo samneeosr omeeca sumseoe semnoes reresneneewo coemo-sseouneanc ceo reesres,en,n,,e,n aeree or e vewen au, sr,n a, c a an a mssun o sor, mm, o s.mormoss wcn a are aess nenxeevee o samee rerarc,n. can consrucon wen occurrnne same coere eeren or meann conannu muormor smm smoso casn wecur aree sremroaunenr canam eoe sue.mvaaennc eo euvaence casses er smoorms are noe same.sse case,or e ac oer evenou smo soreermanennwosnc rec xame,orwoenca coes o a er sm ors oe reosor an wcer onn so anoener eexraorm. wc are saoeme,wo smos caracerze e same exoaeormo, euvaen.or exo-euvaen , are aso consereoe semanca sore as armavme sem,oo an-eusvaeenn ecnecoe an o sccourres w aeann a ans e ax cooea-eearonrm ssmnoa: enecoeen snmoo a oenarmve smo aneecoeo oe coe-earn semanca ereenca, anewo smos areo-euvaen anereore orma mwuoaosu nsnvcae o mn eau. c oormer smeorsnenon aonrmao s aasmeec e rauvaerencaen c aa sss are saoe...mar usana one. or examnea, a,awro o nro sn-neonuvmaoeuns o srmos cane comare accorno a semancsance "everae” are c reae wors, suc as"ca", "ene" or"rn", nsanane onsereoe semanca smarnaeavee same or smar aenmou meas ar mean ns oen aw sueen an s som eme c uoosn e ce r.axns. ore eecare a usereeruman user or a macne "on" an"onm"oavee saxmaem me,n., noe ecarese smos eween eann.ss reeceneooocan noneeevsesn an useouu, a. rossvessemenesr o s smar are oen suecve,e cane scoe o cera uecve nauresaenno accoun.nac, werease ca noooca reaonssoa, smaruemens exresse a userave emeoca scoe an mae resrceoe conexuaramen wceaveeen maav.eor exame, o.as a scoe wcsmeoe encosn sesson an omoe re e-massoeremen oreroe acaonn aroaer scoe. as,rse nseermnee smareween comose smos recursve, comnnese coermnne smarorroxmeween consuens anen reae-snsmuoesn, s cuocm aasrseosncs a suaeormua. aou aeaure smoe.., o.r cvae smos oane roun annoaons eweenesewo sese..,e numerne comare cacuane overa ccorno anoer asec os on cvoemnmoonn, a cosnmsmuens. comarn smos anor searc reaxaon ercsances are useor maco a searcor an aro ,as,oenerazee searcor an exac asmmerceca xmae mac.sance useor searc reaxaon mae vce usen aarcuar conex one smo mae susueor anoeru no ma-veers rea.aocre examee, c waeeno searcnor a same oe caeor "anma",s caeor arcu r "ca"u no vce-versa. exss,or examea,rewee oen as amrmseersccrooveo scma roea anon as secoen suseusmcrovne r semaoon w wccs a s smueorsee os s aa secorsneessccrrvvee s smmoo. wnece e,n aasn meorrese oaneu.resowoe aversescrve susumon reaon muse semoca conrme a semoc maserer,e eaures ma mo e me causee new onanme ann oe exsneaures. an corresonson an re asaxmamoenr ccon osvesrsan resaanccne. aeesncr useveu srmno se warc, a a suerse o asmmercsanceeso suer-macese smooun conan n overa su-macesara macese smoounacs somee s moreeaures an areca va maceso a searce sm aures.ereas suer-maces scosenvenon crean anne o, a su-macsreae emomens oe neren sa s renan wc "oens" aaor a suseuen...rmaearc. eomercerm uaanos, m neesse , orc ec.,a-aa v,s e seunc s s am asce nsua emrerca vaues an numercaues,sca an enaese comarsoneween eemeue w a naurasanceuncon wc esenormaon eemen ns, resunnroxm reaon.mo reerrno smos.e saces s mamors naura merc an areenceor caerma or exame,o we scmoes "eon" a anre " cae" crama saces. oerase onerroxm anersance caneeermneoe smaro eac merc srucure oer maemaca reeren neuane exacase one erannn ao ooenr soc senmcos rsecerrnens,o w mas c aermeaec- naer o= ae acvs. aaane oore mr coosnceua oecs ceran secc acaons ma nauranrouceoman-secc acaons, exame, acaons manuan caracer srnssuc rma saces.or nrouce naura mercs one se as nauraanuaerocessors ma sances.s anoer ex o caracer srnsase on acaon-secc e saces o var ame,eorac-normaon-ssems manroucerma emocnvaraous sorsase one nauraeoracsanceeweenaces. semocaennc n,e varea snm,oas os, aerrm maea snance c aarne, oer c coannseer reeare asen, semanca or ssene oeneenenrom conex. orae caseor maemaca smos. eveeenrsaeerencs ceornaon resersc o sem conoesx assne wncnvareasne s semmso os oecncurro.m an acaon- ..xoa ormseeorms weoomeve oe smoormserarc . wen exoae exerna e c are caae orec conven a meann or aece onormaonoe smoennvroenmen woue nee o annervenon e reosorconraron orero commrsunc an comosona coes wc neeoeecoe e reosor e mosasac eex a moeaanneoormse ar eexevrna envronmen. exame, nauraanuae exresso en caracer srns reresenn,or reanerree a semoc masns suc as“e ca casee mouse”, wc caneanuaerocessor.arace er suc as auman aen or an arca naura ase numer r srns can asoe useo reresen maemaca enes, suc ., ann e emno”m” ae onr ss a m ws eaenr oe nu nem u reer o oos rs” uosar, c, eom” exm.uoncaaees w aen a acacaoonn en enne o consereoe an exoaeorm.e acaon ennes a semoc masernness onseror exame an acaon, wrenneavarorammnanuae case. eoeo sore an oranzeerersonanormaon, an wc comm,a assss reosoroeescose snvenonn orero memorzeeurnsocanes w a enere one or more users.sava acaon maunsances anormaon cass an a "e"ava cass reresenne caeores cr o a "aeor"avanormaon ane user’sersona comu eae a usero oranze user’s exoaeormsae acaon eeres.eseava cass oecs are exames o acaon enne ma evenavenne can use wou asssance oe reosore enooe creae aneuno useese smoc eneseore xo uo a reosor. e aove examaeormssuc ase srns“e ca casee mouse” an”,,” o ure exoaesao no conannernaorms oe reosor are saoe rawor as oecs creeorms n..ne oeran, more comex exoaeorms, sucorms maeraaze oec-orenerorammnanuaes ma conannerna onara exeonaee reos ouors.ese are cae r exoaeorms an are e reosor neesonervenee oe reosor.n oreroecomeu exoae, er e oecoe or exane nesenernaorms conanen or exxoaeorm. raerese ame, a caeorava oec creae e acaon oerevous exame s nnor examee caeor "vacaoncures" mae useo creae a caeor cmurees s smoou rrenre asenarncu aars va ocaoesnreo.nneseoesa co cuaeoer re, er.e.s,e anee eeesr con aacnuna caeeaors oceacra,cer sernnsern oar, snm oroeroern exaemrseao reeu receoseo mre umseosrooorn oe es.neormer casee caeor same oec woue reresenese wereasneaer case woue ar exoa aeuoreraw exoaeorm exo rm onara arae-coamee. rx ex aave reresenaons e e oaeorms are crucaor omzn comuaonaerormancena anna a we vaeraore e-cxoammee,x re auraesrvaen rseorrmesenn aa reonrse,s aesne exame aoveusrae. comuaona resourcesno a reresenaon r aon reurnew econ. eurn more resourcesus-nme smo...normason o eeenm ceonnvsen anennoo cromncaeounazuennes eemens caenormaon eeme ormaon asen comose oscree reerreo asnorma ns.rrar comex cuns onormaon mae evenou onunesoerenaeemrom smernormaon eemens, aso aneres no crssnconeweenewo ane samen coue reare or e eexmamene a,n a m aesusnaeeeenn one conex. une wc conans severa come-eomnaen osr eaace rre mraese cnanne a rnenarorema aso ann enemoremna:on recen,ae,eo oe messae, ec.n ema messae ma a auor, normaon eemen o aarernormaonune,o soe consere an exene ema conversaon or wen r exame, wens emeen an arcv s sore aon oer ema messaesn an ema...ueers ae. consrucnn e are coe cmm omenos o wona sn sme e cxoemres r sossononsa srucure onormaon, smos are asoca reosor conan execu mos.osoa,ca emomens oescose uers,a comrsenasrea oecswc are comuaonaorms cae a smosrom e ucons execuae erocessor ., ao consruc arorane exsecu oa arex u os meen ncnsa sm,n o rea sreese s ,…nm ,eos. , aeus aere scomeo ex, woen aeoe an e comosona exresson ,…,, weren,…, areaeorm,enoe or consuens oe comose smo, an we reerreo asearens c or comoson osarens. rene comose smos reerreo as a arreorm oearen smosne comosona exresson ,…, s comaorsoaaren coue sece a smoener, an exoaeorm, a enae coreee,o e wc.c as a auueerr msa exerroncess smoorms oerenes. re a exoae,as,neenen oe srnoss,o mra sam con maanns,u vaaree rsa.wo smmeousner as, w suac aas a rounea concaenaes as o reosor.eruers ma comrsensrucon soaneenen oe comosona coes an are soereerenceeners anoecoe exoaeorm o a ereoreeaveenen one reosor.us, an n some emoumeenr ss,m aou coeur ce raw or couer. rorammna orresonso a consrucor o an oec-orene caeor“eonuae.or exame,e reosor maue exoaeorm o execun a “cae”eo cro”nsusner o on anens caanrcaec oer ser “na “eeoore”” c.ass.ers oecse resu usesava,encaeor“eoe” woue anns orammnanuae cane ae reeaeoenerae ance o aaeorava cass.uers ava oecs suc as:samecaeor m“oeroe coem”, “exa sr”u,“cuamre”s,o wr excam reer,e msore comex eoe namea anam.xressons suc asese are ens aar o exresso reerreo as comosona srn“on ems. oeem”es exucers areec useo sece naure o a smo,or exame a one can sa ares a srn smoas ooseocaeor“eoe”, so ma""ee n mumoree crean an:ssrrnn“"e"oe”e “as sxeer”.mar, one couave..nernaormsene srn "". erenrom erxs aona coemoromss,onnearn caooes reosor, wcncues smoeners an rmsenerae escose wcsrec accesse o comosona coes,o noave a meann ecoe or e use oe reosor an muse someowereerence, oeverxane e reosora creaeemn orero exoseer meann an enoennouesre .nran reoorr omm ssa o orcocn muro aran. asno coe reosor wceneraeem are sao reosor. mrse exoenousnernaormsmorerom anoer ...mo smo, w uenn cuseer ss,me caon sen onoerrmss aocae e reosoror ever newnsanae eners are c rene reosor.ecaawo smos wsnc smoonsenereeroesncas, no euao eac oer. recora conanseesn oneno armso o a sem somooca, noarme wecorme reosor can rereve a enese smo. rovneaaa ener sms soaeoneremraneanonesoe anennnorms saoeermar smo onersoe recors conanneennoorrmms os soere smono-se srmor.eoromna-e,re memor asermanen ermanen sm a m are use n somen eomroma enmre s enm rss,o aeane rnn onoerr ems. esr asr,e soren as o arrascae sces ane seconneerene wereersneerenes a sce ane nex wocmes enmcreomems neen a sso us oen n ae e exae s c-cee.n ener, suc as-,- or-neer sucen wee w e me a new smos memorze.eeners ereua s ns-en en cane useoron-erm or even arer orae, w no neeo evereee a smo,rove sucen sorae resources mommuoave. exceoorr semeo sace s oru scaueres, a wn scm arecn oammc,esm noernmaaon r,eennorm o smos, sronesosse wa.nee, snce eureoemmuaene aown a smoo a smo mae useo consruc oer smos, a maearo cear macoerzee o:rueaeen w ao sum aoe wcou a snmvaosaee aen ons c onren a wa mmua oennorms corresonsommua oe ance n. memor sor-surees oe...morean.ers wn as . an s emmoomeennse wr neorrem ar auruae o re reososorores sareer smosseeor exame soraeevce, soaeener c roenmaannss u annueen wernoreeoaar rceuaors reoros.or or ...moen c neers c womuna ao sneass coonnexene aarcuar sesson, a reerence or new wraesa reee sremnceo m ora creae aessunren ane a sessoonaener wc secese orern wc comemene w an n.s sesson-emeeener soue.. ener oe sessonn oreroe aoa unueener....enrceoernen,econ,nesn ecn oeraor ere ennormene a smoenersenoe *, were *s a reerreerencon as oeeraeonr.nororm ovee smrmosv,e semeonnorm *s an exoaeorm emaszea seennorm oe sm. ma asoeenoe as o ecoeor coee r-eeoasrnor snmo aons, e *xsoaeeeonrmno co. ,m reosona coec wc cane smo. erreo aseecoeo oe enerso cramna no,rm a raeoseorere caenrenecreee orennce oen re eonsooren wousce cners exoenous reosor on neeso sore eer orcu maerceae. o se eo cacee oer one...nesoers u a comuaon. encaorn ro.cnee eumrneo orc ma meors enos oas asnsns a smoenero a smoss cae an ou annesor,enoe e mav se→nosn,eeeennecra asosnnuencoon ansnecsaa cea srrmeo esserenoeeermsn.nnnaesoer s asescnes anneesneer smo annese smon one owo was: a smo areansanaen memorsmo reconoosn eu orvae cnre oar snu ac neenw re scomraro oeennorm oenese s o eoown mo. *s = osrue: as, once se, smosaseennsanaene memor so ee seare s, cane rereve... nerencn oeraor *. ,…,snacre a c nno onec ae csomorossvoenna, coseoss meeanos oranseor sman a caorm coosmoonsao enxare rsescuornsve e renscuoenr, wec smnesseuer an eac arumen anen concaenaese w s_encoeners,…:, =, areerne,…s, e aerre a sem smooenen,… ere, nrs w o = c,, c,…,…,, resecve an were eac comosona coe or asenesons no necessar, a ma rse searneearren c aonm exosooanaeoercmo.er, aeo a coe,….,, reversese encon exo cn eac coe comonen wc neesoeereerence oan:aeormson’ anen ane resunueroe resun smos,o * eeres*eco,…,e*r w =ese,…no,se. e same overoae noaon "*", aso useoncae *ere,nc,…n oeraor: ns eua,,e n =o**,…,*. ecoer. aon "*" aeoe coe,,…,snerree as a sanar comonen ssanvaerne ccoomeross ao snanar comosona recursveecoer exans coe u a coes.erwse,s non-recursve or one-so. exroeramoereo,r am rse,curasves,eco exerans sron recursveorces exanson oara ven aara exoaeorms recursvenernaorms conanen a coe comonen...oe o armve smo:e n. comosooncae coae wcs,e coenno venearo oo n, an s co* emcaorese as s smuo,en *ssenn races:*.us,e comoson c surrounn w suare eners*. a coe o a comoseor coe-earn smoavn smoecea nuosea,non*s c,aseo,w *evse ar,ns e nxoo aaecaorem as suc wenenes armve enerazne noaon*,se , no a coe.oreurose o as a reore convenenorea aermanen smoener e r seceocra "ocaor coe" wce ssem can "ecoe" sm rerevne conen o ae nno oe aen orn weors, a.rmve smo s assne a "ocaor" coeenoe so smos. * cane exeneormve smos euano onrmve as, o s * consvermveenenons comosona coes. c non,e noaon* awas reresenseenn comosona rme ove se smoene o wen *s a comose smo an wen *s a e coeom ecneo a.sos eau,ao a onoe,nense co cnvenon, coesaveenreaer or euao one. oane smereerenc oes anener,e smosrmve ans smos comose, nsener.e coeens aeaswo,ene comose s ers enr oe coeseener o auer aneecoe.. onamos oane ansueroe remann enres oe coe. rmarecea mu nnaorm or neo n som oao ron noao e smosn usseenoencae.ae ne exoaeorms ao seennrmaroore smo. somewa mooaron ncaesa or wcurerncaesaeres noeenormave noaons exceoreen-ocaor coe,ence nn comosona coe e noaoncncaesae coamoss somos armve smo. smoene ,enceas smos comna coecseennorm oe aasennormc anecoeo eose.e noaonc+ncaes o summarze, armve smossennces oane econc. comose smo asc orc+.onceae as eaer or , an a eoow sas mue coes anoes s:n ncoacon...s use ms osneo armov ceomoromne coc nm caonneensn are… oona., a muorm smo canaveus oneorm. c woue resecve cae w an emrace.or exame, an smo an wo an unenermve smo an an unene comose ex ue an unassne smoener wc cou reresen,or..oammoes, anon eam co sesm ano meem cor ce. comosona coe o aom smosoosn aa s mruemorra maes excs reaonss w cura reresenaon oe smoa coes ares s consuensarens.erenes o comosona reecen com,os.onaure m,r,a,erarcca. smo an an eerom eac noeemoo eracra one os osanareensn arnou.cne a co nmoeosoro enaacra caoneaen wne se smmoos soerenner as r oeose sormso asorerc we a acnoccerra wose noes are s noe av smoorm anener one os c nooa nsea cuoerr.esonno a comose smoas areceownwar eeo eac consuenneenrms aanr c eoamco eseonsaa coeee o we a cnomneoseren smcaon. noeeo csoron oe o armve smos a roo noeas noarens.oea e resonn mue cren snces unern smosca reer ver noeasca...a aner reo muemes. cae aa coa coerc ceo.ncaa connnon e w o-na c ce c onoe nanesrss n,e susce a csoees con aeroonuceoen a sanar encoers a orerarcca coe.a coe conans o erss cae a non- wereas non-a coes co n oneuerreresene sener erarcc nanwo or moreuersreresene ereners. exoaeormseaxonona-eao cromses sas saooe ae arure ccoomeos coonnaan cso oense comrses an oerure coesno ners.. ces exoaeorms. smone snomeer emenomesenos,eeo snce-e anrm soeranceresm oernaanzeosno sces an aermanen aronn smosno scesas severa avana on wne sce. wc arem nooosa usee onn memo ara erxcecua wr aencaso anes c.ocuaone soren one or more sces orve m sn use,us reucne nee comueroerm eo exr sa om res aeo,u a arc r me cues.maro urse src aen co cuouee usoeaeorno sonr a menormaon aoue neeso access or uaenormaon emor on wene user wc counoeer re arveasnenaees ona o an sc ae moua cosnearn sems.osavn someeauresn common memoro cen aeaer oe sceuseano a reuce srns or n so ucmer mn ea. rs aeneeca sece coouon semraoes ounceon saameorrm sea sacee.., caracer ensvenormaon coue soren an encre sce.arcn. arer conasururacsa snucua ase exrarseesss aonns, s reannromrmve consuens suc as wors,o we as macnes enowe w naurananenucaes,e carnocees vsenwe ca aas smeso uss weoc reurmeansas memorze an a ca conmmuusn sen, e cca semnoow ane sem ano wnoorsmeanoenr.reaon rees one naura unmuaan oeracu na.uranaunsuca eex-craesasones m aarecnneusc smos wc are acua exresse a smen cuomsce sxmnouss cacn sme coom cannee aona. eze monreo c smaer consuens an, converse, momens osnvenonrovee meansomoexnusc smos. e creaon o a rc an “ense” voc ruman aensoarcaen ecomosenusc smosanauar onusc smos, enanemo comosenusc s ass an comosee resun consuensno rocessnearreaes a smevoeurm nas eoxs coss rnn oraneos owse.e reresenaons areeveoe auomac emaszeserecarc exaa,e reosorscosens acaon sm ave roe ouman usersne creaon o vocauares o a rereosesn, eaveonnsro wmc ver are sm maor aemouns a onaneuoa eaac. usse sr,raeeneaso smoc sescre earer, accornoeeacns o ce easero use. exressonenerae auman o snvenon, nauraanuae reos soer sru r an arca ssem are reresenenescose us a curenusc smoss. comrses anuscaramerc smo n ou zesroc, oanrea,m ore mrocr sem acoorss a wre ocan seomero om unes sos o saaramerc smo. eorm oan caracer srns rea rucurenusc smosavn exane earer.urere cn someramens o w ae sos, aseve ow weescres meooo a aow-evememenaon a. coensnrnucoorwsns cane consruce wuers, wc cane vewe asroxe on oaercam-o sor . assnn o mreancea raoneuaesecrs anorsroeaso acors anae sos. ...nsrucucrceornnuosec seamconss a on exressons ase on nauraanuaessvensnvenon,e enronorun a smos srns “eoe” an “a unsrucurenusc smos suc ase caracer exua exresso meoesera”.ese are aso caeexua smos an consuensvenns.n snse wscorossu,r seu,ce ase "rmeo "ne"u,socr somosoos"na ran smesorosm re aroemsc senences suc as “a meoesera”,o even more comex c enn ec.. onsrucsararas, meoxesoeraae”o.rmns ororereo a unoveersceoxreua exressons areenoe”eoe” an”a anosnusemroman srns aese srucures reeronusc smos excecareem as suc: , an oona:anecaraoruer mae useo ...ooesce ana a aa snm”oae mneeroesasereaen”reeneoeo oe smo. an nonsc nruo ecrs suere werenuonsec, exsr reessoosnsor can woe enererec a usernoe reosor own noes.maon osn oasc nou reseme a common noeaoron noe sansse, none oe reaonsseewaweera or maerasa eac caure.or exame, more noes ar eene meanns oese noess meeno now”,eres no exc re ae, suc as”a me esera”,”as nvovee same acon“me eresenaonne noeaaeseree noes “esera”, “now” e” carre ou e sameerson“a” aerenmes n orero ov aenrcomneesrenm was"meen" vs. "meeno". creae reusae smos aon,s acaonscoses meos an ssemso smos.n aca emorommenan,eex rueao esxorressnovnses an a usoer enoco anuarazee u asner esxso rneuseese smoor exame, aexua exressonus enere e userse s exua o reconze one or morerammaca consuen o asorvee user exua exresson as a resu, s corresonno someramens oe oe suecneexu or exame,e user cou reconzea “a”ase roe nesen a exresson.rammaca consuens suc as “a” are saoe eu sssce smm woouneen orna nauraanuae exresson. usn seca acor an roe sm croeas cere aa neewua reersre nsaemnea "oanc oor" aen sa "mroee se"n reesnceecve: e sarnucaucreornroues“scu smeco”,”na w”c, mee esera”.cors are aso saoe nesen ,en conss coumenosreo meu“suoermc” sm reo, o wccucr.s essena a srucurenusc smo acorroee“snuuesc”c s,”mao”s re anresen a “re reasen co”s nsae eren sue oec reooera r omm ma sua mec uca rnoe aen senence. as,e are semanca euvaen,en aons o eac oer anuaesr aonc aesseorrna couveoavne user creoaeee ~ aov.e smos, an auomae naura an comose exressonse su ucse aso aen oaneze aeoxua exresson so asoerve acor smos...crs ve. a seuencoe oe meuruosrmra semeoscose meo, consereoown scr wcescres a user ane reosore ssm wocs co,u,e c,reaeeowur anre a mnorneeracve sessoneween an area avaae wene sessonen eoerecomue nsereeweene s s. ncnameor eac muorm smos "uecoe"mrooeener an ane-raceecaraor ”a “suec” "ue”c“aa” m"aoe" rereea sesc neror sa, e" "saunec,”"mreammaescera” :roeoe roe-a srn "suec a roe, oane aneuer an acor smo reresennan".e rome oo suesc.e cmaroacer c sormnn "easa".-ams-ao-s we caracer srn "me esera",ereore r suec esera eresenne senence:"a me ssro eecc" ae. usea csene ar exoaeorm:an,”me esera” orm onansonernaormse smocener an exoae "me ceoumoesre:aonrma an muae cona oracesr s srmno” cmanee oeasneera”n.esne srn "sera" aneuers:an,:acor, an:roe: "acnoruueerr":an "oeuer"":r:oaceor ""eaeesereasearna"aacn"”m,e, esera” :an,:aecorsr anree s:romeo sso oae a a somveo scren areer osa crneeanesnereeuers s oaneromeneson oan”me eor eac one oem.mo oane comosne smos an,oeseera”.na, smo s comosona coe,,, wcecoes a comose smoene e ano o an exoaeorm semanca euvaeno rammao a caena.s an unsrucurenusc smo.es, an are cae an sru acreurenunsucs smc somos, or-. ...rua acors an vrua exresss wc are nesen. secen acoer s cormn “rssuese ac ro”e an anon aens r ooeona roeaerne aove exame,e roes saoe a roe aers “a”.e caracer srn "suec"s arum a.cor smos caneu vae:acoruerassnwo smoenrso,e a_n oaeorn:aa rcooer srome,rooer_oeor, euvaen, a roe-a srn an a roeaer smo conn aacnornn a w vrcua on acores r coaeesa se a verc. rues cae a vrua acor an anusc essena aaramerc smo a ornae smo. vrua smos nve accornoeenonvenn secon, “scosure oe reernreon”o a ws aerera am smoascaaeaeram wer arammaca roea.ence a vrua acor cane cors annusc smos wcc smo, or-aramerc smo. nae. sm are no vrua are saoe concree or non- uoun on wc a roes areouno a non-nu acors saoe sauraeor or e.x s a or-aramaanm erae cc: somrrooe w“suereeca”co,r “mroeoesera” senenceas n e“suec”s a vrua acor:e suec os acua acoraoneene s suecece r.oe vrausae acoor see srveecs ase a.ace-oer or son wce vrua suec roe an no oer vru aramerc smoavn a recae. a roeses arammaca unarrecaeor-so ...nn roes ca-naeramoenerc s mmeaonss oeca: unseu assnn a concreeaeros unassne concree one.ne er wc reaces a vrua acor w a nexr,orma oe:nuers wereexr roe, roe_aer e em sosverunau aco-raroameerce s amnororeo_eas aer rose sem smooor aro roea secn sece veoae oaneo ror eex.anmne, aeo srumaec m ruoae oon oe exressonenerevous cane oanaer assn e-aramerc smo oe suec acor,o ,,n,en sm,oroee“nsueerc”,"oaeuer:n: uer:onee comeonsoensa ceoneu,-,ar,am o" ercs. smrooosonaen smeso:e soeoneese anmeeen rammacera aemes racom mmae e...o s enocsao snone o oceor. ra am mnos mauso cacn a scmorso canee aranesormaon osexua rammaca roes un norammac reeaeor oerenae ver,oec,wen, one canenaeraraemeenos aorwene. seoure enxacem oe,-a usne roes: wcave anncreasn numer o vrua ramerc smos anroe“s acorsromo: anr uec”, “meoesera” anrooee“suec”, “me”,roe“oec”,esera” anro“suec”, roe“ver”,roe“oec”,esera” acorrooersre sae a oe“ ss ssu umec mnc” e,, r snoe ewe“v o aer somv”e,r o so sme“ areoo es,e wce”,a rvoee u“sweenro”esrneace o conex o uvaen an canenercanene coenuer. nn anecroeuer s romeso o euv,aoenoe ornaexua smo canene oane ~ ,roen“oe,rco”e,”“su o o”e,rca o”n e,:”a”,roe“ver”,”mee” s comosona exresson can“ween”,”esera”. overoaeorma oennuer, we mreae s moosrev cormuaa accorsn arroeucennee an ooreerr sece en orer,” oae”,” amreuem”e,ns: oeae vrua-aram”eorc”, s”mesoera” a. conanour acor smos ne concreenusc smo " an noexua comonenoeranerreuce smos...nae-s"o, ecu.. unarre-na caarreamorerer-sco scames reoc wae a. vreuran suoweec reo ree an no oer vrua roeses a e o consruc. resenaonanuaesave a smar enooanoura exeam ane,nnersscr oroenrooccee a arseo c caaee c unarrecaesn resecve asses an conces e.ureerca:erecae mae useo creae suc a smo,or exame: anroe“su, “mece”,o “meeseorae”ser = wroeere“sueec”ac.eoe neor,a wonne c wone axs oe aa”overecaeuer,s soranor en a-sorec oe useoenoe arecae w one so. roosona s ae souno a suecsu, a concreenon vrua nmores ocane:n,su,or exame: oea,a aen, “m aereoormeas merua”,”a”...aeores aons o eac oer. e a snm saemes or exam s wao consruc a caeor smos means oe:caeoruer, cae: oea acecoor"eoe". e caracer srrnnoassee nooaosn ou seecrso rnee,rres woou asee naemnoeeeoe. aeores can asoeu more creave oe caeor. caeor"e ,or exame: n aonoass veeaes". reero non-scree "unccroeune caoee"cons conannenaenvuas, caeores can aso caeo reerreo as crr aees" ses an "su",or exame: aeo cw oarnae ser" am usees,o v caonseru:csa rmereesenuaeornsoorr e cxoameceo,n as oersnonv namuaes, "" sse rceorne-sen ne samecaeor"eoe","", or sm eoe, accornoe o asemeo s aa mruo omn. se onrsemass aeruomene:sameuer aere caeor smo are reerre caracer srns u s or samn arumens.ne aove exame a smos. se asem smou man oeres o smos cane use asem corresoneor cnaoswseesne rere csoennceaosnnanesucaresonavoe scmar consrucs.aeor smos oreroc .ame smos corresonon an unarrecaesnrs .eseese corresonences, vuasn an ano consansn emomens osnvenon a e caeor smos an same smos uze reresena re use moreree an resun a more exressve eo unnaarrarmeewcaoreaaranmerc, sm anosn. caeveorre smosna sm rouce earer are somewa euvaeno con os comose w eer one oese consrucs cane naura uoc eunvaerne scmaeo"sasse a oenoee" o,"er" consruc,or exame: asoenes annvua name ,"" enon oe:ucu "" wceonsoe caeor "eoe"seeaerore recaem ano vmcee-nvesrs oa.scne svre an. caoen uorz sem conos,rucso conver a caeorno a unar- corresonn unar-recae smo enc: anrecaecenoee caeor enoee correson s a unar-recae smo,en* an consern oer wors, arecae smno ca ceanore s mmaoe.o a caeor an vce-versa "onr exanmaene caeor: "asarrosreacraros"caeorrecae" eas carros" aeores are ae"recae"eonso caeor"eas carros"naeorm a e o smosaaveo anusc an a se-eorec naure an we susen r aeaeorans w.aeeaosrce sse,o oweervaero, anrseu nnoo nn,nersecon, se-comemenor exame,e caeor “aeo ecessar ses, as we ma wan, e usua se oeraons urneosn” aonen ae mremer ose. "asnoes"aumnmonac secon a: " sa"enoerrse“ccaosn”c,caaeeoorr““maomsm”as”,caeor
“es”. veea "eeoeaneeaes"nerseconcaeor"eoe",caeor"eas sns" a c.aeor cane a suse o a suusseeccaaeeoorr““wearseorns”,caeonro“aenr:mas” caeor ”,caeor“us”. caeores,oe m ana anneo ananeoa caee wor, wesccrsor asa sec suer-caeores an su- cane reaeo eac oer susumon reaonns as,re waeere snmeo.eanunroea ceae caeores susume an os su-caeores an susumes a ors susumon reaonss n os suer-caeores.ese...wo-sonar cane useor searc reaxaon. aramerwco s-smoorere avcnaceae a "osruneacrr " vrree uaca aceo orr an-r aen "coaeec s"m vrousa ar aecovre ann a awo-so eneraenoe ,.or e re s awo"ueceecxaam"aen:roe“suec”, “me", roe“oec”, “esera” nar-rseocaareameenrec sm coaraacvenr s ar "nsuec" so an an "oec" so reresenne consruco : " meesera".n aernave euvaen or: "rmuae mcuaeoneocra"srecae, “me”,,”esera” e"ueceeca"recae" me esera” "nao sos areoun, aroosona smos oane, e. ona examenesera"n,"a",”n” an"uroeecs:asassworec"recae,, “as_asswor”, = e"ranoe oo“s wecucoeuc en”, rea “ resa seas nsswa aoss orwor nann”, uaro ame ea“o s"ec aven” a sm,araoo_accoun,”nama” aaasesnarrecaenrs or e o consruc:resn oc erocrecaen an roenescron...e.re reaceeca coonrs roueen srn “asasswor”n ase roe o arecaor an cane ”eas acasosrw:orrecaor “acorroe“recaor”,”asasswor” o oane”oasoawssnworormuaa muona”onre o: ...emae cae" ” reemes ameaes anusc smo wose acors are a vrua.onseror examee n "r:eemae"anroe“suec”, roe“recaor”,roe“re-oec”. ss oancerasm omasca reo oes ceo.ns.:r suuceco, nore rea reresen annormaon,e sm sec a...esrcevru caor an oecencee name "emae". secnso as csa aeeoo ac r c aoo nnrssran re oru rersnrce concree acors aowe a vrua exresson arcuar so.s ca a onnsances oa caeore aowen a caeoro neoneenn a resrce vrua acor wcsu an a "eersaocnsorsuuecer’s arumens,or exame e reosrr "ce "acorroe“suec”,caeor“ersons”. cae acor smo sansor a suec acor soae sames oe resrce r aee csrs oro rcnse". or ex-amarame,erc smo,s a-aramerc smo conann aeas one acor,usereeram cmonascear roeeso "voewr"n, " roesercc"e an s "mwoen c"onann resrce an, roe“ver”,roe“o : n oreorro ec”, roe“wen” caer“ “a”oe aoweono, se museecareoe a same o soa we c"er anasons nowe”rsno:n"asamnecaeor“ersons”,”a” om"ea emoemoensa o"o en: sco,se,”mnveeen”,o”noo”, n”esera”. resrcon o a resrce vrua ac o reure a soero sase m ceans o:ucoeseonoore a rnes,r cconnver csaee,onre.raas,en soe aeorveo exaamnee,e samaracee or scraneo"ra“"ers woonus” aen a,onwseeao,nuc eve"nao"ur"a"s noecare a same ocaeor“ersons”anso om couenerreoe a... uncs e resrcon on. smosmromo exmsenns o onessn mveenanosn o e anauenc usse,r wsoc co cnasnruec cr meaoreen wormaeve:exneunsc uer.or ex aense aeaxm uenne: c "n,a ac coarer"oeo"were","n a cae" a reresense "exene" see "naence:e "aoeeseroa"esreoosona smo, so noerao oan an euvaen r ran a cae". exen,acorroe“ esus exenneemae: soa we can n were” wcs aonow sa,”:a”,”mee”,”o”,”esera”,”n a cae”,...ucurma muaon o as:~. smmoe weer :oseu mceanunersn:uecnera exraecrs comonensrom a comose smo,en a exa enrome orna comonen.onseror ssaammeeccaeor"eoe", "oe" un aeor"eoe", "", "arac" uocn"o, "oee m".uoworemve sr,meose",ro are no amn seman acrea cer eaunva senmaercaueseoea reeerrso aeersoo rne nearmoe " ..ue oe. enr". sm rerevenmoroo mamseonns oescosenvenon uze seca smos caeuer smoso areven aomcuroemr sem reooss, eoar.eascunocso consrucuer smos s seca mare w a "" noaon,co connscsane oa a uena rreorsecaen wce em so nsanae smoounne corresonn so o annsanaoer ss smuoo mseaco reurne uer sm ne eserao"ro : ex.ame,eoownuer mae useo searcor someone wo "meo reencase"uerre ", sc "mmae eo, os “mne eseso erea,es "ee a rreaos”o.r man orner a macn smo suc as: smo"". nen reurne smoener oe so-n ransormns eeu uvnaaernroerm o euer cane oane vae:uer uer wc anroe cae ene earer: no auer “suec”, “meo esera” exame:om ~re cuec urae: er sm.os,erecaes, cane comne w oca connecves,or mae usaenor seeacraceor, “meoeeo woes mera”,recae, “meooa” ore comexueres manvovee mo o esera anoa. ncae w e noao orean one mac varae, wc areen an recaen,s “:m "e",o ""e,s ec.or exame: recae , “meooeraa”, recae " ”, can sren o " osse us seeaorra seearc.or aar o muuarens wc me w oesera anoa .....nesmanoacnons ensanoeo aneus eoe mr uenanenrsan escosenvenon, s convenenosnus eween exene meanuns m.nesanannanoerouos mne-anen mesan wna, osrnerreaon o a smoroms seccocaon an a aa sne a smo occurrencen a oc rcuaronnmesemoconn corresonence w e nacuurrere onc ae s on a scanocna evoen even.n “semocon”, "on"ncaesenvse "aomc" an sncaon evens arene anas “sse om coomc”munnccaaeosn,s w sncaonuncon.emocons ereomaen sesn.sen annnecrauceosn n wo oneranscsmosseso rneous aosro m wemc cors nzcaeorenn anne rencae on an voerrmaon ransmsson onorm ues memorzaon, reca, or sncaon eve aonnvoves aura o communcaon evens, eac assocaeo a semonc an a semocon. areonseemen ssa oce as se am reorecs senacae.onn o o a osse sncaon evens: semocons nsananeous meann an wc massue semeocc oro snruscsu sreaao mea an acnuerrer aenae som as som ane assnmen o annsananeous meanno annerreae smos reerre corresoneo n sn sner nerre c oa a ao o sn ne. emveonc anon wsce connveersreaenes sanmo wc unerese sncaon evens somemes aroraeo saae saneous meann snene sncaon even,oss as arouc oe emssonueraner smos eme ae conansor exame,n.,e smo, "a mouse",nce o anoer smo wc emsson o, "o cce a mouse". semocon wosse eme as arouc oes saoessu sners aarcuar smo soeromor sne or owne sa smo. nsananue noeawo sncaon evenssemocons ma convee same w eous meann:or exame, a semancanvaran smosenon a smossuoesernoemr arnenavaornanns samnaone mouas moeanen samse anwsaansanee soaumse m,e saonna. a semocons are noecareoenvaran are assumeereoeoena a er smos wc semocons wosensananeous meanns aren muous anoenerae reresennaoenoow”n ar oe oesn csocnosauree, ane ceornmuss “eseemneora e rceaos ennc r” w a.n a “sreemcaocon e correcnerreaon e wc ones onseror en eac crcumsance. meanns oe snexaomn saemee sesmocra o., wcusraese mue as, annsance amecaeor"mouse",, reresenn "a mouse", uerances oe oree "mouse" caeor, ass uereeme as arouc oe mouse", an e senences,,,as: "o cce a mouse", "e ca case a ,, sorae " n s m nencoucs vaes en, on eree acraa ve s ce eo". ssnoannss seav,en s,emco,c,one.s,ree, o,ese, s,, semocons:,,,as,,c, a even oe smo, "a n , werese smoener smossene mouse", reresene uerances o wnereeroosona "s onencaese",, rese,cve,,as,"o cce","e ca case" an reerenceoor ueranc uerenereeneracve sessons,c,.e one oe semocone oe smo n eac one oese senencess reresene e sner smo.or esxam,e, or an consues a sncaon evenn wc s mouse"n, "o cce a mo,,as,, reresense reerenceoe smo "a vares s:o rueerse noo aeevcau enesen"s. aannaon aeo ruosennenne m.eaen anrro owroem re eaecrre on sem ooese s seenneenncceeseoenes co ornreseo snmno se rmeeorecnceone,nore exameer soemmocoo,ncaesae senence "nees"e smo reerence ane meann o nnee,e oe re e senenceus one meann aecrre arruowere smo. , anrom orom a, snemcoaconos sneras,rom o,rom o eens ons sner:nee,esae sncaon evenene e semocon sncaon even se snera convesensananeous meann oe reresee oer.our semocons:,, an ,as,a,e,e, ane, ouen arrowe crneanon a o semeo scmoonso,s c,orre,so,nans,ran,-new, sn,er, s remseocnveca.ee er muuaeenenc:nee, no onoese sncaon eveneens o s asore oerree sem ns sner s ocons,, ue snereens one nnc,ao,n ev,eno. wec ono oowescas eexesnenecnec oe sen scnaoern o envene esv aesno a creaon even sncae an eerome sneroe semoconenn sa e wvec creae rom o,rom o,rom o,r nas, e se o semoconsssuer om o. sor oe smo.or e om a smo overmes reerreo ase semoc sesson. xame,, an orme semocsor o uo...xene mean ons or a reereaosn n an se smemoocco snac se sececese asn an a eoxmecnnesananeous meann, a se o semoc smo cane caracerze a coec meann.n exene meann o a exame, a se o semoco on o semoconsssuerome smo.or meann oe smo wcnsssuerom a smoneasroves an exene semoconsne sven e enseme oensananeous meanns oe ssueneuure,o sess.s a renoreseern exeame a, erxoeace se mmeaosucreonn sesm wocc s araece,e ase rove an ex ssue, a smae o n aornc cue onavr m e ceoa snn anenx. un,c reraeore a smos acua use an a semocon meann.or exame,e meannn o or an ex exeoceenoours somenoam moeranenrowm acn esx aenrn eaxe sonue sca unceran.s unceran exene meann coaseso an rce en a semocon wene smos uereuse. nsananeous meann o a coor exame, an auor wos wrn aex maause an oner aou e meann sue o worsn orero cooseees oneo conve aarcuarnene meann. annee mnee meannse semocare o e sncaon even wcs aouo occur mn o ea anns o ese coue o wors areoena or exece meanns exsnne meanns, asuor eveneore a wors uere ese exece meanns are en wc oss oeoseo manes meanns,ecausee are accesse on oe "mn" mean s soonm as.e auorcs an wresown a woro communcaeenene meannn,a wor ecomes assocae w aarcuarnene meann an soena concree c moanaesessaoo ann ons saanannseaonusan meeoaunsn me raenrnesennaae re ar seesmenosceo cnor,r wescs a sca sncaon evene..,e wrn o a wor on aece oaer ore recoronnn a rere consumonusemn oma searo o a o s mzneo,n acc ac roe oro nnso s anor.eere aascsocnase o mesannvnenson,eeness an oow ccn seuence: semoc sourceor source-o mae caracerze e rouces a semocare,as, annene mea n,or exame, auman’s mn, communcaewcs asoe enrornsannanneoours mneene reerenoe eoown se sror en meann resusne "uanenran oce"e o smo uerenssuance o a semocon, wc are manes concree emomens a smo an enene meannan o e semocare a coecon o smo os ansreorr assoen semocons, oane reean erevous se, areransmeo a semoc rcaeen-on, e.. a recevn user, wc cou e sca e same ase semo ecever a a erenonnme e.. wen a user rereves aece onormao c sourceu userse semoconsssuerom a smo evoe, a e en-onn, a recoore e exene meann o a smo e recever "reas"eoseror exenese mreoar e smos receve an uone eme nns o comm rence o a new semocareoe e uncae,e user seecs, amon e receve smos, a smo woseoseror axreen en.e mee m a ceacnene cann reee caosasseeo asnsu anom ac ne mwea senmno cocrreosno rnenreseonne newe n seewmorocr wor "amen cn "o un o seexnne s wm e cco on a. e sxm o zooo ococurss auecesse erxenecreom mesa envner.oar e mxame,e ccornoeeacns o snvenon,as usaesuerances o a smoeraonn. asso esas e exece exene meann o a smo.or exame,e meanvne oee w woorr " "aamm""nn aeo coon aexou o z zoooooo. cmouoem cenarsa ocerzsenvenoen e rneseamree o s uemsaes oe onsssueromas occurrences o a smoan recore e reoso oc normaon aoue conexs oeseas occurrences, ase r, aon w enn an accessne exene exece meannas,nermar meansor smo. eoena meann o a...ru vauroe oosroonaosona smos ase smos, suc ase saemen " rans", carr aru-vauerue or sen aono a meann.maros meann, aru-vaue o aroosona smo ansvseonn caoe en, on wo w a seen e amc o oucscur cos onn n o a . aanar ec reu ucar -vve co a mn ueeeax sn. nnc o ac nnorn ecessea ao rcue ase noa anc r on va asr ou-vsaue are u counseae caracerze a moreenera rerese uerue orase varaerueaseunnown, aroa sru naon, suc as aree-vaue.. erc semoc saces an semocucuonrue w a ceranroa , ec. ...rma sm aons oerow-se mo veesnnoonrmea eaorne ere,mremnas a srem ooesn r aeresenn numers,scauanes, an meann soa semoconsssue ssumeoave a consan unamuous semanca euvaen.urer rom one oese smos cane oenaenoe naurasanceun more,carma sacesave a naura merce..e e con one se o rea numers: ^^ ^^, ^^ = ^^ − ^^ore esance on es seer om caa sreamceor scr snacses w, wcc ca enmee ex senacees oo semearn cocraresonnvarn semoc saces.n sanceeweenwo semoconsssuerome samerma san smos,e semancnvara mos zeroueoe rmanscaen ocese unern smo. consru ,as, naurasancesene onrma saces,roveeasso searccrma aave neoroos wc are use emomens osnvenono rma aora avreo nxemaeo mraocoess aroe s aesaorc useeromoao ssmraos.e coornesorvuecr,ornm oaseances an sances an neoroosene on more comex semoc saces r-eve venrma smos wose sners are...on-rma s . o exs aosmoem n nno on- os r mmear scem orosca sncaeceus.ncuomna rnes arreesennene m caeaanne o sm asaserssenss aessume s remcorar sm oa srm aossse assnme ons mea meeannusmaens coon mvea,e arnaz seom ane e rmecoorm meenrsc onormsnvenon wn semoc saces.or exames,umans are aeo cass muensanceaon cuomeruanecrese ovc aen o arm a roueonus mnuo s-esmenosec w cours seurcs w ase "rmeonunses"anwcesc o c aou wore eser a aveenca or amosenca meanns annsancesromsnc cusen a cuser meanns.momens osnvenon recor semoc cuserso rersaveerennormaon o semoc sa resen merc cusersn s semmoocsu scac aes "smce saosu.seo" we aomse seumooconsve rseo we-sereaesnc am:wo was.nee,sue uneau as, w oorr se suacra amuousromean on wc cou noe eas casseo eere "roe as "mouse" coussue a semoc cuser.erocess o assnn a smonsan n" cuser ore "comuerevce" assamuaon. ceo one oeosse cuserss reerreo amuouusr e oxwrnes esxoenrs,e anceer w nauraanuae suessa even aaren-non "o" exene reonsn s careu scrun, ex vaueness oruzzness wces ,e caeor wor "eoe"e omroc sace.or exame, asusrae e examen. ore snuarorm, w nonen "eerson"a caeors seceeren eer weura eoe, suc asarroersee.maucs, one meann ma or ma noncuecona caeor, one wcncuesconaeoe anr oe exsaeaswoavors oe "eoe" usraen.,e caeor wor "rens" mane o wrcoes no.s anoer exame, anoer exame, consere caeor "comue ma noncue co-worers.se srn reresenn aea ore acua conenr oe", wc cou meano a caracer vaueerms muemes swcnrom oneavoroee.e same user ma useese eucne unceran oe meann rerese annoeer weou everen aware o. one oeoa oescosenvenon,s reerreeren as saseuzz smos, wcs somewasncromesamuaon o wors suc as "moursennorocusn ans snc meanns.arenn ansamuaon are coecve ree"e, wc conve sar xene semoc reons are aso creae semocucuarreoo as renemen. s varaons oensananeous meann o a smorom an occuns, wc reerosemocucuaons sou noe conuse wormaucuaons orr aenceoe nex oorma varaons o a smo wco no aecs meann.venou sm, mo, wc reer me,e meann o a smo canes vereor no a arom one usaeoose o nexe, acecusem suemaeo ocverucmueasoenms moacecomemoran an oservae,or exame,e.. eresen rn. ncn semocons reresense s aouenunaeve a zoemroc suranocnanonm eeve.nowsenvsera,nasne oouesn, a co snevmenocon wc reuremen ano consere scoe o semoconsoave eno reaxs or sace- a non-zero exensonnme n wcorm o ecxe ca. umrs oen,e censananeous meann o a smo normaeens one conex n wc occurs. ouo an exra se an conseraeens on one conex semoc ccorn, some emomens osnvenon consruceners o conexno wncs s omc arneermanenener o a smo w anener oe eners succurre an assumeae aonanormaonrove e conex ss noo saenaoro sec en exacensananeous meann oe smo. meann, ona msarsosseo eas oan arecse reresenaon os ar. one can assumea arecse meann exss wcsene s sessonsnn evmovonm oneen osr w moerree u ssemrs,oss ar neor cmreaae a anro usreaeuorn ass cuomnesecuveneracve nsananeous meann o smos consan wn a sesson.sse caae coerenrame ans aso reerreo as a coeren se,e sessons a occurrences o a smo conve sesson.oereneren meansa a arcuarormexo e samensananeous meann, wcsneenen oe occurs.oreover,roaoseo snrauc sumre,o cos aere, s asmsumoeenavee ar, c wonsaen, eruc.n va wuecn a smo rame.us, a smo occurrences are norma assnee a coeren coerenram same semoconn a a,,orc e axae nm.e,, a us,e..r eenaesn a seuence oneracve coeren sessonsenoe reerenceurnese s noeermaneneners o smos memorze or earsa,a,es,sons,en one couen e corresonn semocons ncesnc users a assso scoawennn menaenra osencures. eac user souave a "rvae" c nsananeous meannso a smo, norma sece user w oeren sesson an a semocon souereore user normaarcaeno a u ssnee sees ssomn ao. aumree, arm seomre,o sncceo an us cearnore a oeeanse a suemcane ses asorn,e,,uven aermanen smoener,emesam oeneracve semoce, a omn no a scn ucoe ann ss cear an o caneme es u ces ove ner,s u.e consereoe smosormssee.,as, a semoc-onorms occu sere aorm oe smo, w one cavea:snc euvae rrnne same conexor coerenrame are no semanca co nassnseae case we oeres oorms, suc as smoeners an comnveorseonnao c aone exs.ooareoeveorr,m a s oem a "oceor-nor suecr" s asmoa,, c saonae c oonsere as or orer semocons suc asa, reresenneos ne cou creaeer- onane eror meann oe semoc.. sn semoc sesosonns.ore reosore ca snemeo uczoensorssuseso amurr m unean anenn ree .rance orom snesn areeween users anescose smo occurrences, so aso caure an mae nn.e meann o new nene meann o a smo.os raze more accuraeensananeous e useresor orevo urose, emomens osnvenon mareseno o semocon us usaes o a smoor a summarereo,ven a coecon oe smo.es., receor seemon mceomnor, aanersom correseo unsesroo sese cucrrene unsaene oer mee uasaes e..,oe semocare..sam nn sco uaon an.sarennusraee...samseu maeo w exames. enern o.on ca,eoer s"mmoouse",,as,s us"ea mouursne"wsaomsencwerense smo ewo exressonsroosona smos"om cce sessons anco uer resunnwo "mouse" semocons an ,enoe" an"e ca case", e smo reerso aevce, wereasnce smo an reerc resecve.n uosean sesson e user neeso memorzeeroososo a roen. eae".sroosona smos amuous snceo a roenna a smo "s on oneae.uoseaenenon oe usern sessonso sn aevce coue evce"s oneaeen,e user wsamuaee "mouse"aea a "mouse semocon aseas occurrence oe smoaes re sremo seecne nene meann.e reosor w asone curren sem senss curren semocon o recorae currennsananeous mocon oe seece or susanae same ass meannn sesson. eann oe smose same ena momens osnvenon assse usernnsecne meanns o a smo ann anacane aoverocess: a smoor wcssosses reerreo as...eannsnec saaer senmo. usae o ane araare sn now unn-nam.uouuss sramesow semocucuaons ma arserom reeae eseucuaons ano sar o anow semocons cane useo reresen suzznesss even mo ene resunuzz meann oe smo.o emaszea same smos reronounce aneo occur weneren users reeroe owna ,ns exames assumea eac sessons owne asnc user:er ueaorsece oawn usserenr,n ow sensssoncaa,ne owns. caeor“erson”,,ene semo crceaoens:e caaecoare somo er maave a we-enensananeousrornene mea r“erson”,. sonowever, a user recevne smo ma one annen mn wenessue an unceranoserorresume meann o o reconsruc a coarse normaon aou smo suc as a sen snceeras norove an conexua anoerrseu n”os ses,eur sons, anera ansamew c reeo s se,a c“m veesessence .”,“eos r nae amerr sooen r” o,,“oar e,r. " areeo rs core ner "a”,e“av or "e uoseresearce caeor smo consss now oere " c. e semocons:,,,as,a,, an rs rensce necvee ses,soensena, o ane auc aroer "srvae sessons" owne er,earce an eres mc sece e sessonener an voe nneeooncuee auor’sowner’senne semoconener. e sense oue smocaeor“erson”s no rea "amuous"aeas non use erevous "mouse" exame,eoseror meann evoene mn o a reerrenceree reerencesa,, ancs s erenucuaesrom one snceee somccuorr ceonmceeso anosee ar.nn neoe co,nnexeuarsn soersmsaono,nesu scm aso a samseuaes vaue rove.ne secon sesson,s useo consruc a same wc con een nowncona caracers soas usae o ma evoee more secans we- "cona caracers" or "eoe,ncuncona caracers c meanns o consruc same wc conans some reaeo ".ner sesson,s use "onao"s usae o ma evoeene more see socceraers "ess" an "amouseoe", "rceoe", ec. ecc meanns: "socceraers", samueo,“seruraesron”a,n a,o wur seessnoneno,noe unsecraeanae wraoncsoo rmeceos’r assse smo ooseo aren oers woseas names aso "ason".o ca anas nene meann oe exresson,ana wou seece semocroasse enes a sncaon even wereeerson caeor snerasn ,, wc same ocona caracerse reosor wouure een assocae w a semocon ,,oeon ,.anaasr enecve new curren caeor oe smo "erson"o maes meann morerec e usee semocsor...eanneeacrom comosono con sesarennrenemen. en a smos use as a consuensn au ceon: renemen vaucn exresson, no onoese consuen mose smoor comosona comoson aso conruesn conrueoe meann oe comosonue comosonrov aeeacasono renee meann oe consuen: a s movaeess coneexuanormaono eac one os consuens. consue use oe:ucuer, wc re-consrucsor re-enes a o n smo "ucn"rom a comoson, resunn a sareneoneavor or vaeu oer snma somo.usucnroves an aonaooo renee meann ouzz reconsrunce.n,s. soerss exoanmee,euuczzn caeroorm sm,ooe, smcaoeor, a“erson”,s e "eoe" caeor, wc exc assersa "cona ca sareneavor o s acaon oe:ucuer "coes"o racers" are aowe.n a wa, renemen oeraon reresenen r "mraes",oe smo sace,e .mar, auce verson oee semoc sace e semoc "w"nrom o avororavors wc s "eoe" caeor cane oaneors oer rene "amous emsrom,as,e secc cass o "socceraers", or smaromeo ooe sem", ee enc cs. e onsn.ve,n naomn sarenuzz smos suc as an ses ne se csaseonore,es caeeno urseo,e uerca:eeorro"ocona caracers"s creae o son, wc assersa s a suse sasee osrena auzzon caa ceonoronsaen cuocneansromcona coareac aavor o wc caeeo cro,rrses seomnonca sem-noecoon,,es msuoes recene c urseaaeo on oer ces onsucseen " weoee" cocnonaon cnrouce neene same creae e caeor conan ssuerooar mcaecer eas. an se "sseoone"e c caoneaornswo, " aneoee" o semero ocons: an ,ers one caeor. neromeuce "eoe" caeoresoe as a wnea,eea seemroecnrauar oan. conanswo "cona caracer" e aroraeo creae a same eeoe a suse o "eoe".us, wou eosse o caeor. o "aree ca" o caeor, wereass wou no c eenne meann o a smo ucnrom a conex-rovn comoson maons raecoae casn semso ex woeuce s mnean an c.onnsraenrceo.r eoxwamevere,e se smo"ars".or rome comose smo ,"sn", "exas" or"arson"mosuce canes raca s exece meann..emoc sru. coeccuores neraconsewenen o seemoscocseon res coosnvoern an oen sea omre m oorr sem uar meanns,ssuerome sannn mue sessons,es a semoc sr sers over aerome reerreo ase semocso ucure.s coecon o semoconss coecon o smo ror smsor oe semoc srucure anenes a use as seemrnocca s or succcu nurrreen er ncoe ors rm.aeneraasn a neas one reresenave smo, wcsca semoc srucur ew sncaon evens morearcuar, reuar a anonnmeseuenenses meor ceonreacnse muenece noesre saevmeo exacc sru ocnue reresenave smo reresena res eacavns own name,eve ens. eonr o a semoc srucureenes aura orornsananeous meanns, exame,esore o m seeamnnosc u snruecrurnee o sn.ca, wonc everns re areerse sensesonsnocns.or amon oers,e semocons an ,as, an ,enesenenuees, mneeannne o meane snmnoe u"ae mraonucsee"n"e u moeursaencse on,e"aoe" c.cem aa mro,usee" ans srucure o., wosesorncues an r aer sesson, semoc nene meann oe smocaeor"erson"ne uerance enese same,“arroer”,“avoere” an ,same,“rsaso,n”. e rere reresenave o ne sessonsa,,c,se smo, "a mouse". e rereesseenave o s uaeoe more rene smo n sessone.mar, caeorn"aevreso on" annse u sesasoenoa,e m,c,se smo, ...xene meann o a semoc srucureore rene smo n sessone. en a semoc srucure, aon wrsesusmore,se a rveecreever wc coue samear ase semoc source evoes an exo a recevnar meannven e enseme onerreaons assne e reneoenaoseror semoconnesor oe semoc srucure.soserorecevnaro eac ane we ornarornsananeous meannsoe exeresume meanns a o recreae or smuaee conexn wce semoconae receverase s conexuanormaonncues, a a mnmum,e comnso weressue. semoc srucure,as,or exame,e uerancessa sons reaze e oere” ansame,“rason”or semocm sruec,“arroer”,“av osnvenon ma uze aona conexuanormaonorure o..momens semoc srucure’s meann, suc as,or exa e reconsrucon oe een oe auor wossuee aovmee,eme anocaon o eac sesson an enonn s suemmmoarc, re ac seemveroco ssreurcourr we con revse u esc aer ooasnceerso.r exene meanno a recevn eonnossor.e recever maen seec aessuance oe semocons soro reresen oren a curren ree onrome semoc srucure’s e curren envronmen or ren or meann wcsresenor reevann s.ru.c.urevosuon o semoc sruc counreesx:. exenson an re-reresenaon nese semoc osse wemaso.c ss cruocnvuernese anreo m aussaumeeevovn smos, ane canenmen man means o exenson ses wc evo as evouons monoonc anaesace eenrevous ex ve a semoc srucure awas "orwar", wou ever ssuerome moes re cormen esms enoonns. avee ssm exoenassosunm-n-ree’sre unnceu oeasn aee wneen ao semocon semoc srucure.ssena, exenson--reerence ena esor oe smoavne reresenave oe semoc srucuse creaon o a comose exame, o., wose reresenaves,re as one os consuens.or uerance o," mouses oneae". "a mouse",s exenen sesson e reresennaoveeroee s oem mouac sonrucs ruer-er.ereseen neawo ren,r wesecna covnes rsesanc aesss ann a new e muaons cae reresenave uae or semoc srucu n exsn oneen e aarae re-reresenaon.nce a semocon re uae oerwses sao norma creae an aeneoesor o reresenne new reresenaves ses cae exenson--re-rere e semoc srucure,se o evouon reacees w a rere senaonor exenson--uaee re-reresenaon ua senave.or exame,n sessone o., uneroes an exenson-- eer see oe neew s renreesresn oavese annoaon areae. wcncuese curren an e semoconsnesor o a semoc srucure, semoc srucure revous reresenaves, are saoee sners oe sessoneas ore sners recrue e semoc srucure.or exame,n exsn on seem aow semco s r oreuc ccru surre uec m s uan re se cannr-s ao, sos aanwn a n.ese semoc srucure or acure an maeone w anoer semo ecome nesen anoer semoc srucure or momens osnvenco snr curceaureno aarer semoc srucure. omoene orranuar: coarser e semoc srucures w ereneve o non-encansanane semoc srucure conan semocon w smaru we sam ous meanns wereasenes semoc srucure comrseons exsne sresme sons enca sn oruan vece ruoru mes c m ea.nea r on omenn. a sue veecweve as a reresenaon o a rea-wor en vewe as a reresenaon oe sr vewon, a semoc srucure ma asoe unern "oecve" en eam o exerences o one or more users w an...omosoen csom reaoszee sm s. oems croeace srnucures comosons oe semoc srucu exenson--reerence are saoee or exame,n.,e sre ore comosons reaze e semoc srucure. reresen a mouseev emoc srucure, wose reresenave smos er ce, reazesree comosons: eoosona smo,"o cce a mouse" eeroscrosvoen sam smooanno,aon" a mrouses oneae" an "a mouse eae wcncuese annoaona a"eonsoe "evce" caeor. e reresecnamvee a s cmomoosnoen rsea reazeze co,meo ssemonosc aoenn reereosenensoer o occurree snecme ooc srucnure.osr a exaemnee,n sesson,e semocon reresenne occurrence o mar,e semooec ssruor o. comosons:er cure, reresenn a roen mouse,aswo escrve smoannoosona smo,"e ca casee mouse" an e oe "roen" caeoro.aon areae rovne annoaona "a mouse"eons "eoe" csa aneoorer, r eexaamzese,eneo.,e cae semoc srucure, reresenn oneavor ore e semoc srucure, r eor samencun "ess" an "onao". e s eresenn a seconavor ore "eoe" caeor, reazes samame wcncues "arroer" ee wcncues "rason” an ncuescon rae ceanracoenrsr.e-reresenaon oe "eoe" caeor as a caeor wc comossones a"noonerv eexsamnoes,onn".,e semoc srucure reazeseree reresenaon o"on ,"ones moves","ons scoa"e re- womco ssummar " as"onm" ane consoan re-reresenaon c zes ae aove comosonsno a unue areaes smoaoa ove conannson aes. a arno o neers eexam seme,oc. s conanswo comex coarse semoc srucures, eac caeor "rens" comrses a nesruecu sreems.oemc sorucc surruecure rere rseenrensenne " coarsre avor wcncues " coworers" an nese semoc sruc en" .remeno"cavro ure reresenne ". ar wc excues "oworers". smar recaao enmsos wmencs oavesenevne anscoenra reneres oern semoc maces,as, eua or means o a semocrae, w areer aessn ecareeween semocons, as semocn on essaers oor seemcaorecoonsav aereen seam we or s anm eare mereanenrreso...rmasv,enooocaermnoo,e are sucen coseo eac oer. worae ss orucraures s:rucreuas an cusers nvenon are semoc res uze exensve some emomens os wc oneone cusreear ces,n wercs anreeaos an oee sremoonsc orae, c aunse sremeoecr c wuse arns,n o arue coonns oerrencoomne eeer.mrveeasra an s curusceursr,e ws oc w arce s muoras oe semocra, are comose.es wn a sura re comex semoc srucures semocreas oane,o arr eex caameenerna ees orns. ne e cane osnsananeous me , wen a smos use reeae w semocons creae an ann an,or eac usae oe smo, a new consecuve semoc neoerecen semocon.n area, on a ons are consraneoe coseo eac oeras, consraneo semveoce sarm,e ora sms, samronosan anan seoouws c meananen os m.eaus,reas are aroraeo caure ne oeran,n man suaons,ensnanna onveeorusme. sae even over aonero ome an ac meann o a smo remansnvenon oranze ses ross aura o conexs.momens os semoc cu o semocons w noor ne e overa meann caneno e cuserss zeerrso o or voerns sm werene muua meannerenceeween anwoonsn oen coon avenrevoonu,se exna. ssn o s a semocra arerecerom a semoconea ns are norma esas emoconeea oen.oreover, semoc semoco e ae sameme ormmeae aeressuance oea exameenn. o a cu.se.rso cnresa ae,esa ceenreorsen cueseor a ar seen oe exsone s ceemnoeconsseeor sanceeween anwoons oe cusers a moswcee r.e muua assocaeo maxmumsancenerna ouroe aan n ea.s eexsac an o onneenace-oonon, orea-one unueon w no ea-ons normas mo ns unueon w nonernancomn ees.nerna ouon e s recenon. oerons oereaave exac one urcaons. e an onenernancomn ee.us, areaoes no conannerna →or → exam.e a,ne sem →ocrae ornce. coonnaonnssw aorerea ans aer s aenssonerea:- → are an wereas a semo, r ons semoce c ss sre ruc uccuv ure ree w. woosseessoorrss a a cruesaerss s caaeo ae c ausneera sre smemooc scr sucruucreu.re, nese sem seomoc scru scruucreur oese srawseo,e as s amnnee srecmononecc seru sceu ore neoes no conan s saoe a se semoc srucure, r sme co semmoexc se smruocucr seruacvunre e.xac one reresenave an wosesors a cmomveexr saemo srcuc sururecuereser sa aroeae o rer au caursers nse ssaeoe a reuar semoc srucure. er reresenaves aresnc. semoc srucure are reuar an...emoc m reosorea onc r w a unse arnu omaenr oarr macanrec ora ae ssemn ao scn macsaero, we communcan w a normaon eemens are maeo smos wc a n even, one or more enormaon eemensor wc a s reen communcaeoe reosor. even are cae semocare mos neeeore reazaon oe sncaon meanns oe smo s.emocares areenene reerensornene convener s seece or creaen a sncaon evenoreurose o oneae",eneneen mreoarnnns.anora enxeaomus me,e rann oeore u exesrsn as ae se smenoenccea "r mouses mn oe s exsn semzem ene eaono c aa sc s renour s.ccae. eo mna evcen o re a sumresoe searcor suae smosa mace mac.ne aove exame, o a semocares reerreo as a semoc oe me e aoremenone semocares maceoe smo mmoormrae. ma ns oescosenvenonacae, execue an reresen semoc reecrn means o a semocrasuc asoseecen.- wose ees, areres areo n asor smemao mcancse, reor seesmeno secmooncs mraaceers.annoeascno ssenvenon, semoc semocon seces,n aono a sner smo, a sncaomos recaa a sner smo occurre,encencreasnerecson n evenn wce exame,e semocare maceo smo n s an accurac oe mac.or on, asncae enrome semoconesson,,s aso maceo semoc seemwoeecns m aree e cnur wroennen ea eerne reer, a sum m s eeeamno mnc ea on nne en o sans a e senrn o eua ere oa or e no smo eae oar, noe re e ea. neon ens samnec,e even reresene eea noe.or exame,n.e semocnrom oaon reere sseemnoscea mraecon oe ocecu arroernecmee ononee sm "a moouse"nn seosrsmoaon eemen o sesson noeorne s sesesconca,, rneco.n,zese uaser ue seermnocea srenee,ncvee "n na mo. nuseense on meeae" smo, "a mouse",s mace e meann o ne uerance "o cann oe mouse"noe n sesson.encee semocon wcenese curce a reerence o "a mouse",as, noe,sneoe macn semoc ren eneseas occurrence oe smo neroosona smo "oon cc, wc mouse". e a eenneson a ssemaoeec "onw" o,earsa "rnewsn mo",somnmecaaeearevoeu curren semoc noeas srucure s occurrencee semoc oaasee aen "rewoun". resecos "anv"an sae oe aonanormaonrove a semocon w smmuaaoen osr oooewrw wsee unnseerrs s asanmo cane, e aae cs re co cc moenven sxena , wr m escus ecae a semo eo re a oc scac cu, or rre neco e.nsr xseu arce, mae exerna conex,or exame, n e recevna owne aeren user. e user recoecnsrersreveo suasm exe aesrenec seo wurceaer s,meon. semeon rcec meavecr ann re soes on arenseasnc,eneresumeror meann oenae semoc urce reconsruce raera on museu-resouonrowsn an recae. userormowosem a menn ems o ma orec rasnc aonseenv seenmoonca scrucauere sesm coonacn meacenr enane memorras oranzen semoc srucure an nese se en.ncee accessos own semocsor, mu-res moc srucure, eacavn srucures oe memorra ca ouonrowsns enae,as, semoc eas. nereseneo a user w a conroae amoun o oe usner aa, on coarse semoc macnscaerorme,or exame,resenn o-eve sme vew oe memorra were one reresenave smos oe mac a sems cooacrs seruecveure are sown.n some cases, mae sasacoron a semoc semoc sreunc muroere re ascucunra oce ns na ee.ereese,n cearaonn o semeo scm srouc reureress aerne eaxvaens oenesoe n neessee s semnoercs s arreucruerseesn.o aan an evenereve o accurac,e woe se o recrue enan ae useroesooeeve. or o a meaacs a oaen se resennsores o semoc srucures,us ,usraeow maneee necemoc-oneve orecson.e exames o. orerosamuaee "a mousessaro mac ae semoconeve oean...xenson o semoc s e" smo. n some e rucures semoc macn ns are c momens oescosenvenon, ees oe semocrasemoc sncreae wen a semocares maceo a semocon reresenn aas resena,oenr enveenn, o orr, r ceonevvearnsen,e r ceucrorennz ennv arornammenen. oeeas exerence asen easc aomcnreenso consruc an ex nce semoc macnroves evouonm.naree, s,e wmeonc a m samcons seroevcees o ar cae rsn ec s aenemr aeo necnra eo sr sse.moc srucure corresonn semocaresneo a macn sem emocon reresenne conannsaerones exene ane semocon,e semoc srucure or exame,e reresenave smo o a semoocc srnucus creae. comose smo,e new semocon rerese ures reerreon a new reresenave smo maeneo a macnne currennene meann oe e semoc srucure,ence exenne sn semoconeonnoesor o us oane are saoe co emoc srucure reerence.omose smos or exame,n.,mo asnons re araez ceo e semoc srucure. ane reerence oe reresen mosons reaze e semoc srucure e semoc srucure reerence,aanve smo o conanen exens nerreaonn sessonoe "a moussoe semoc mac oe "a mouse" semocnrom e"nerreaonn sesson,ncae e enn a semooc. exenson, ornear noea o a semoc srucures reerreo asa- on oeran aa exse rneseornr,e woer aesas no enx-enneanr ex a seenmsoon ocr s reruwcnure,on aceanena ano a sor oe semoc srucureaoe rewounn oreron a mac.or exe oncas ao rne,w con ame,.. e-erxenen asonr.eaes an an oroosmoonam semnso osavsnnveneo sanm mean suro eoccaes sso m ans seo, o su rcea ase s,mo,sorn exam.e a se m a uenansa oe un smcaoono, wr excam coen:sses sn reconznorosnawo or more occurrences o r meare csoemnereom sam ae rreeaeresnuc or a csonveue →ec sa s →mme moea →nn o. sa occurr .roeno oces rsr oon om uan s aram aeo ar ss smos ossnvovnsnc essons, ese comncoes ae s smmoosa cs use aneresn. e u anreea aecrosnso m au coeer ceonm aosree same somsno w,oc occurre, escrve smo. r exame, a meannore sa umneeru sm vaos areoesze, raeran reconze,oavee same smo. ue,e areae smos reerreo as aoeca areae roosoonseror examesee.e smo"on",, aneree snc usenras: smos, an , creaen sessons,c, an oss "" "oo onn" nveesnovoson", “vesnoson” "onsces", “es moves” on a seu usneauen" e " se, os “ss no s "nco sm ao uase”r. r meaer reocoen szaem oernvoeszeaeour aove occurrences reosorossue a semocon ua an maereore causee an ,usen a semoc cuserasneo ae semocons,,, cusers cuserncue ,ncae e arrowsnn o eacon oe o"o s asoe semocon corresonnoe re-reresenaon annnnooaaeonn" a n-acsaro wn oee "scousnse" samero. occurrencesnurn enaese creaon o an a eae wc consoaesenormaon aou"on", e suec or saercae noraovoneoree comreeos anonnoaa coones o a,n a,nno,aaon-sa,re,a, an . werene smo "+" searaese annoaearer es use, ese coe+,, woseec oms annoaons.n our exames weren:annoaes auer woce cr eexaeos aan aennoormaosn-aannoreaaee.,"ws"sc,u,ss,e, annoaon areae sownn.s s erennancues a aer,e annoaonares,e re-reresenaon o"on". so ans smo ocecmuroscw ucne wcaon meraen re muearen ansnonae sraemaem coennenx s, suucao anss weree same o ae moo".osse wa ouo renesecazee smo,ne senence" anma:o ae moo: or exame," onsrucn annooa-oon"ss. an annoaons areaererom enseercaacven seesrsesonnsa wr aenarsr coomns eaucen an eemosesns oares snc users,n wc casee unern semoc uncaon reureo wne coerenc an sounness oe annoaon areaes n ensure smo uncaon can asoeoeca, wc ca on-rva.s menoneeore, conseuences ooesze ne use,or exame,o exoreeosse maor ex samoueeav neo seeveraar aa enc nnso o sar r naoe mna esorn "os ov. ne" a mecansmorsamuaon a user soae annoaon woue sucen ueras on one wovesnoson, mo e exene meann o a o resovee amu.nenera, annoaons renerecseane un-an smona an annoae smonvuas more wo annoaon areanoae smo. s es an are usene exame o.o annaomaeusae"ae m "omusoeu"se w"evceerroomoseo rnoesan ",mcaoeuseo"r."nroeeen,"e a sarenae memer oe caeor "roen".mar, conans a saemenas aas a e caeo memer o areaenr so " weervce ce". ro ou co unereen s amreosaeasr arenerence-areaesorervaon- sosm.ese maeenoe ecocann annerenaervaon suc as a "← "or exame:←,s rane comosona coe means o an arrownerence-areae can as annerence-areae were an m .snerenaervaon.everoa ceo vnneewcee asn aenr aennnceo-aaorne-aaerse caane weocne annooeaes w an reresen comexnerena ero e anoere o coeerrevaons. areaes wcrou smar orn areaess smar areaes oroooca ecorane comoson semanca euvaen smos.ese maeenoe areae were ana ar ceoe means o ~or exame, ~,s aoooca e vewe as an a semanca smaro.uc aoooca areae can aso are smaro.nnoaon-areae wc annoaes w aecaraona an an smou va:uc, suc as or . cane consere an "nvere" ronvoanon, werene annoaeareeuce oecsu aere smovaa annoe annoannormaon. exress ne sa wmon nos or mmaae annoae wnormaon aou wa oer smos are avaaeo caeora saaraomn.erocr e sxmamoes, a av raesarceeoranrsamanecersc o smeo caneoormrsoe resrcn saemens.ne maen annoaee caeor w ae resrc o exress menonne caeor.ss maencuene we so aearamerc smos arame sonve userso usee...marrc s smos samemw seareoe.n on meeeas rsc our vreer caavne s .em or a essxeo asmssee o,nv aennnowaonrounse..,escrve suec,er smar caneene ase n oescrve smosavne same normaze.e resunsance umer o sare annoaons, sua asmmercas maease onuncon, wc mae useor macn, mae..reaon o semoc srucures an su esvuomon reaonss. srucuresmno a vmareens o o wassn, uvesunaonnr coovu oeon eraeo mneaensweoen creaee r an mo semoc users.susraen., semoc srucu eosor an one or more uae,normaona-uae,e res cane creae uaeva a sae- exene reerence, scrve uaes or renamn-uae exene : rene samu eaxeen oer s-ar-ueneae o corn esxoenaee--re-re orreasnezneanono n reewsoeun semoc, s oruecru seremsoc sr auncaurzeesnnoo conaersre se semmoocc s sruruccuureres, reconce anroue w semoc s s conrase wssmar sessonorru ec rxeaumrese,n.., semoc srucure was creaen sessona exenen escrve uwaoeunre- arner eexseennaeonn snes sseossnon seu.eecmeoco s ar ruecunrnes wamas cruan sesson rewoun an sueceo a rennsamuanescrv eaen reresenaonn sessone.ewo semoc srucure e uaere- n sesson an neseno a new coa s an were mere-reconce conanne semocon. rse semoc srucureno exc sownn. .n.ea.r exxeennssoonn--reerence wene ree srmeseensavee o o evouon ses anear exenson--reerence wc occurs e new semoc e semoc srucures reerreon a new comose smo an e currenneneon msneoea oe semoc srucure.ss arorae wen same or suce eann oe reresenave smo oe semoc srucurese nearnrea ssm araer aorsorreaveouos r mos recen meann. ex meann "sconnues".n eresen "smoo" usaes o a smo wco no more recen usae oe smo c some emomens,e user ma sm recaae sesson an maereo onveee same meann ass meannne curren normne reosorre vaaae cee exenson oerea exc reconzn an srucures coerenc urren usae oe reresenave smo oe semoc a seuencee on an seamr eoon xess n us ssoeen n- re w -reeaeesre renc wvou e s nse usae.e cane osnsananeous meann, seuence o comosonss reaze ess oane, an a corresonnnear oans a-smo reuar sem. no oeres o evouon ses are ae,en one unue sner an wo oc srucure,as, anear semoc srucureavn aser vaaon oon sesors area. ea u useserr n ceooeecrason reosor ma exene s oerms no wnoerorms meann vercaonas,e a a meannsconnu oc srucurenear eau,usncurrn a ceran rs conssenccoeren remans uneece mae useuns suaonoerorm reare. ce cecs a aaerme soasn oeecs cane uncovere an r s an aernave,e reosor ma reuseo creae a semocn e useroes no socvonene acnen seomrmoacon sr uusceuure,orencseaas,nuos rerecaonnze a sem uno o occ suermrenoces assnc ne or more users maarcae acvenese en acvesc srucures. we reosor.sescre earer, a users unwn or unae n coaoraon maaaco ceraneau moes, suc asnne curren soo so,e reosor recen occurrence orerorm nonn a a. mo occurrenceos mos reuessorcanormaon aouea e user coaoraes,ene user ma recen occurrence oe s s occurrences o annsecae smoe mos acverom one or morme usoerooes ex naom rneeecas osc ccuurrrreennc mese oan an s.meo re anos seoerc m oane a osro mroorue onccu arnren ocresan wznc s aerme cooncssoenns w corress counrrenn uosa sem.ose urss can asoarcaen cuser-semoc srucures oro resae a aeso creae cusersan smer on n sreamne comex semoc srucuresnoewnn anornes. no exne maera enxnens "onscso anren aureos"r.aeeo u rseerreeseenrm "snmeosoa" usae ceusr oren a snmsao wco meann o a smos noe same asor no sucen smaroeosenaneous s mos recen occurrence,ene user ma examne ea ror meann o searcor a mac an, a macsoun,e c rer occurrences oe smoo on.s oeraons reerreo as semocurren semoconsneoe mace rewoun an resarerom an earero rewnecauseesor oe smos s rewoun n.or exame,n sesson o.,e noe aurcaoneo r reesw. uns a oeera moancaens on a mace semocon wcs no aaon,en one.s en oeraonexens semocon ane numer oaonssncreasesn comosonsso reco ons reerreo as rewn-an-oror smor. creae an arnreaarorr eevaer car snmene o saor cr s oeem na woc nn ve srrucu eeere mse.mor resources, ass suceno smo occurs.ome emomens us ners oe sessons orramesn wce onsssuerom a smo. e comosonsso recore seuence o semoc sorneeners oseas,or eac smo,ese emomens manan an arra smoos arra.s arraenen smos aenn ever neweenen comose nearreassueor a s o uwarnscomosonsss suceno reresen a enera case were moowever, aonanormaons reurene more e rewn semonoc sururccauroes conan muerances anreas. rewn anurcaon oerao noneonsoesor o a semoc srucure,s oe a nese semoc n ma resun a new semoc srucure wc mae assne ranc sem srucure oe orna semoc srucure.r ma resun a mu- cane oewo snc nsn sr an muc aaure neoe w u nse mce m esasu naneea caus ss ee.mo ac seruennce o o a sm samo,ueo a sncan rom one usaeoe nex, wc ma resuneasnsananemercee canes oeueerenroms meann a an eareron. an weous meann oe smo ecomesernen aan, a rewn oeraons arorae. ns earer meann ereooom ae u esmer aonmreonms oes usnevreno soenecreseeno an woae seemso cocrresreoanoro a seum cumar meann soaees macn meanns seece.or exame,s sem rren ee semocsor o a-smonear semoc srucure.ome ocrea cou se on e useroes no reconzee meann oea emomenserorms coma oeresenerea asen meann, a ne.o ne sewm-osmcoon semsoounc s wruccurerosv cres aoo enou macoe curren semoc eae wosenceononse curren srucureoo amn s nee e. smeo smens consere muenearrances o a mu-rea semoc...usern emoc srucures o. oons rnee o co meera nzeoon oos oe vaern a cuserso comare semoconso arooeon. se muuasanceew coseo arooe cane oranzeno a cuser sncee urn anner een anwo suconss a moswceersanceoerooe. corr acve sesson,e reosor marome usero seec arooeon weseon cnoe curren meann o a smo an maroue curren semocon nuoseerr o mweneosere seae-coe-cursoeor cone. erorme e reosor we asssance over as uosnese o. wc can ons o arean orero assesseseo r, an wc consssn examnne a cuser,or exame, eva nsor a suse oem cane "coase"no ere was no meannrnuane muuasanceseweeneons oerea. unue cuser oerwse aon area,ene woerea cane coaseo a cuser o s, maeosseoscover one or more cusers wnerea. srucure wosesoermoscveonn c aan cuseer a o se semmoocc cuosners-.sruocreuorvee,r,aes c,o am seomsooc comose smos reaze a cuser o semoconsor a semoc cus ns e areaeno a coeren areaesuc as aescrv er-srucure can enaese e smoecausee cuser re uan-caon o unern smos. c o-user mae a semoc srucure w nese semoc srucures, as sanaree a sesce orn seemoor ecxaomnes:n one. nesne sesm exoamc ser,uceusree cwoorr nese semoc srucure n semoc sace, e..ea → →→ → →esones oo aern oear srucure sameons oranze as a cuser,as,e areneoe cener.nease .. e-reresen aaeornse on s cermeaoec, a s sreumcoures wcse reresenave sm c srucure anas exac one recrue sner, -sennsoenr-an-r o oe semoc srucure.e semoc srucure remans a ex eresenave reuar semoc srucure ason as evoves means o sem-reoecre snrcuec oureera re-ornesr oens. smo anaesace wen a newenaon consssne recrun o a new sner sor wose sners no amon seemocons aeneoe semoc srucure recrue smo reacese curren sners oe semoc srucure.e new exsn rere curren reresenave oe semoc srucureor one oe nseasenavesene mocaons reerreo as a semoc srucure uae :e new recoreus neo resresaecne aa cvuerr ceonex ressrensenaraavee, ws a exsarane re rer-erseenreasenaon soue noea a semoc srucure wcs never sueceoarae re ves. awasas a unue reresenave, evenou as recr -reresenaons woes o re-reresenaons are consere: suae mue sner smos. escrve re-reresen e uaes an enesaee u reraeseesn ara aeo senrsnen.or semoc srucures wc reresen varae ornamc escrve re-rearees cenaaneon o rece reresene unern en. comemenarescron oe re rus a sner wcroves an aernave or reresenaves or as a rea resene unern en, eernaraeo exsn escrve re-rerceesmen o one or more exsn reresenaves. reresenave smo re enaonaswo nauresoooca:e new recrue oer recrue sm resense same en an maereoree reaeo some oe susumon os,or exame, means o an euvaence, smar,roxm or ceran com reaon an comuaona:e new reresenave smo maacae enresoreu n oeawo e sns sne. eme. or: snea c srorc ruucc. uere, aenesc mra evne rae-reeresenaons noernenoe srucure wosesorncues one semocon creaon o a nese semoc ernensemoc srucure s.n a semo sor wce new reresenaves sns-o asnc semoc srucu c srucure s,e orna semoc srucure new semoc srucureecome nesree an se,mocca sr,uceurerse- oex as nenw s ceomarosec se smruocucr ser auncuree. ...ae ua recor a c see ams noe oc sreuc suaree o saee u unaeerane ene ".n"nes su.esc caorr seae ou uo reresen or oe varae ornamc enes.or exame, a semoc srucu aes are sa a movn cares connuous sae-uae crea re reresenneoson o currenoson oe car an aenne curren semocons reresenne srucure. anonnme,e currenosonsnosonoesor oe semoc srucure. e reresenave smo oe semoc uaes a rneoaecrn exame cuer,r ae semoc srucure reresennes oo’srenss sae a newersonor "ose ns orens we news orens evermeo mees acuane seomee ermomos" mem a men on ex rs,,s unnn seesasre mn ,em. eor are re ssmources are scarce,e oss are no oe semoc srucure e mos recen reacener roe o reresenave oss rerevne oer semocons. user maen rerevee enseme oe aso comresse new rerese s oe semoc srucure.e reosor ma exame, as coue uaenave smo usne suersee smos as aaseor ae uaes are norma r reecorn one es necessaro oane news. wco no mo e numer o r-reresenaons oe reresene unern en uneron unue sae uaes ueresenave smous a semoc srucure...escrve suaas a unue reresenave. no e rsecr-revrees ree-nreareosnenaon occurs wene sae oe reresene enoes esc cranone o ane ree nerewse renceru een s,n eererrnovareas aen ao eexrnsanve r oerr ceosmeneamveensar reacemen o one or more exsn reresenaves.escrve or as a normave, roves aonanormaon, or c re-reresenaon cane renamn e new sner mereroves a n ou mere a semoc srucure n anoer ew namesuc as a soran name or a name ea nnewua re. srucuree eresenave maeernen ono aoron oesor oe semoc n momens osnvenon maerorm a cecoown a re-reresenaono ar ou wcons are conssen we new reresenaon,n wc case mae woraeo sn-o a nese semoc srucure conannaoron oesoror orcaeo nrewon re oreseensaovre oseer sneemno.ce s nruecwu rreeroerse wnacve ascser asn ae rne.roacve uae aseeno urse examo ree,e croons somere aonaen nameera "o sn"ownne u.,e wranecrees oe semrooos"onon",, ,, ,,,enerea → → →.e a smos roosona smosass auor oese reresenave smo oumse seerenoe unue manaeceo reacee erasecausee auomoc srucure we more secc smo"onm", neeeo avo r me a newerson name "on" an a morerecse smos uae ree conuson.e meann oe mue occurrencess no cane e na rsoe sameerson,owever, morenormaonaseen aesas nme esas ene noew "ncsu"eronmee r seemresoencaovne s comro.sescrve uaees a semoc rer resonnoe creaon oe new mavoe,men,oe currena oerea oe semoc srucure,. means o an s osnvenon mamemen aescrve re-reresenaon more newn aonrnmoaaoonn e aemreenas aeosuuc aes r aeerescsreneve e snmon woce rencroerseonraes one or e semo ave smo o , a secoonrc e sx uarmucu aer e,e. oea "noen" se remoaccn sruecure oe.s sowno unero,n sesson weescrve smoannoaon- curren reresenave smo"onm" aouon,as,aevesnosona,reae wc conansurernormaon escrve uaeoes no recor a caneaees moves anaes scoa.s wcs mae exc wne reresena ov sae oe en "on", onenormaon occurrencse esx oa an sem eoar meur,sn oer coenrormr aen anorneo s ream coonno z a. ereoaaeveoe soun, mue meannunesse annoaon areaes aoeca ar e same reeren or reresene a semoc cuser wc conanse se eae.s uncaon ses occurrences wc are reconzeoa mocons reresenne smo s cuser conanse sem vee same reeren.ne exame sownn., occurrences oe smo"oonc"o annse s,,, reresenne mue e curren reresenave"onm"emocon reresenne creaon o raeorreoaver,e suec oeescr,ve a.reaese curren reresen euvaence o,nee anoco ave na arme , src o sone nce, u eeu. avmaoennce sea aenmnoenaons, wc asserseoca resunescrve areaesereore:+,,,. o.e comosona coe o semocmnaraeoe "esre"voruosm re-ree sreemseonacoonn ev ceonrr,esson secnonoesecr creave uaees a reresenave,,oe on oe new noer exam currena oerea,. , werene rere oescrve uaese re-reresenaon→ sownn. mouse"s reaceesenave oe semoc srucure ven e smo"a w a saemen ,as, e annoaon-areae wc annoaes"a mouse" reresenav a"a mouse"s a memer oe "evce" caeor:e new unern ene os ae semoc srucure rovese aonanormaonae are norma so aureae n "oe reevce" sena. nee a rennoosaonr, s ameons ancouosee ann a nsew reresenave smo exame o.,eroosons,, arenee comosonconnece wa.ne srucure saven memor was ae e new areae s reaze e semoc normaonae consuen smo ase same reer reresenavese uncaon ane "convenence" oavnenor en wen occursn,, oeerns maon eemen,,,ace acennooe rmearoe. nneac oa aesreea senarc ouerrwnseeserse annoaonssa more normaonaceoeer oen avose nenesonase.avn reevan esewerensscosure eoreenerena searces, asscusse semoc ssruecscurree reneeomwe,. n aesc sremvoe rce s-rreucreusreen anaaonss m,a w rcesu ennor useor or more nese semoc srucures semoc sr ase sawnn o one reuarzaonnormazaon ucure consoaon semoc srucure..emoc s reresenasr o cu noc rmu emre uocn re esane e ame.n unceros ananormaonroven aescrvenormave re- oseror meann oe semon o wae acua reeren mae,us mane reresena c srucure morerecse. ss case,eescrve re- srucure reonnems aen resn an re- rree-rreesreenseanoano wn oerre a semoc srucure renemen.us, a semoc srucureas a morerecse an e new reresenave oe semoc semoc srucu moreocuse meann, resunn a sarerenon oe m",osr a ex saemre. moe,c serucesucrre revene umeane,n→e cur oren co.n,exa,se:re"s uoncne"ra →n"on raemucesus a usncoe wom"on" reerso an reacn"on" w"onm" noe a renemran.nsea"on"s no unceran,eneescrve uae wou → …→e,n w.oorn eoxame,ore user wo creaee"on" smo anerea escrve annormaws exac wom"on" reerso,e uaes no renn,us uae orr m noeensnve.oceereorea weer aescrve uaes renemen osero enera one user wo recevese semoc srucure an assns a semoc smea ruconn urmese,no susc oe re assres enevn "ena eoovne s e" amo c se.moc srucure renemenso coarse anuzz ocuse semoc srucures.e wor "eaeore.. o.oe morerecse an or exame,oe,e caeor "oe" cear meanserennsoeren users. secur numer.o ansoran, "eeoe" wouencue oneoeavn a soca n o recorn asoroo.oro a ue" wouncue aeoeor wcere exss some smarone, "eoe" wouroansceru oe aa conac noeoo runnn on a wacn a "arroer" move, "eo oneoenowno sa user.or someone oer ansrens.o some, "ercue" wouencueecona caracerarr or oers wou noecause es" woue a memer oe caeor "eoe" wereas reucnuzez un acner vaanue o se wmoe ac ss errum rcm euo errer esa n s.ucs, as a "eone" a ca snemeo mae morerecse,ence exame,eescrve uae→ o.,as, →ce s,rusc au sre renemen.or renemen wc reacese vaue reresenave,as,"e emoc srucure recse "avor" oe "eoe" caeorven ,as, uco...e".,n we more " "eoe" caeor smo creae e sncaon even s consraneeeo,nceue vacueon "ae coaera"c caeres",o sro rearessen meeannre,eorern wsc mores nroec sseecmoere w conesrearne maane cona car ncue caeoneac aeorsv.e exame., caeor smos areuoarone "eoe" car uce:ocare"ocro"nac conaara ccearrsa"c,e srus"ser, caeor"eoe" uccaeor"eo om emoc sru e"rom semoc srucurecures w reresenave smos an resecve are rene evena, soas o,n semoc srucureawcse semoc srucure creae "cona carac a suseuen sesson, one canave reerence o mean caracer".ureerrsm"o arne, reee croeanrcsee "eooe m"e seamn "oanc serurscounrencuans sosrsucur aec asonaavn rwesoe ncesvee s,e amnoco sssruceu aresr nees aen semoecc sreruaceur ae c sorrnescoanonn evense ane caracers o non-cona renemen s. aonu caee noore renaem aens.nnceoen,s a ms aaeereneween semoc srucure sncecona caracers are cera caeor, o.s no a renemen o ,ereore, anvuaseonnno aow aesn uerase are no aowen eua"o oeono,as,s "reaer or o,.en. .,e cosn "srmara,e ars a reresenave smo o a semoc srucure,s a renemen cona carac "anncuen.nee, some users wou no conser nerreaoers aseneoee wou no,or exameereore, aosse wnerea.sn osnn o ere wrorres sa: " , soc enae mso noor o c srous a cs re ureaeo es m.e oeo renc ree e, excu ne ass n sorn mc o ore "csmo reana cser c"araancenrsc",ue ou conans moren ean, even wo oer sm vuasan as a caeor. ..onsoa arenune semoc srucure renemens are sownn.. re-rereseenmo aon ocn s wruccur ue coranseosaeo renroerse connasovean re-reresenaons annormave semoc srucure comosonssncuer soa aenormaonaere e semoc srucure c anserrenoe new reresenave.s suc, a e semo onsoaon muse sueceo a vaaon seo asceranor wc o n ac coonsnosnans rse-orre new reresenavesernen. arerou eresenaon,e comosons reaze a semoc srucure ase newe renroes aenn aavree same som ooeso smemeomecs s crauceur ae c.onosnosoaaeo snum comarunconn exsn smosno aarer smos reures semoc unca nsssnroun normaon aou a semoc srucure conrmn on so aso renorce eonoe ae consoae smosnee..enns an aaer vas. use o sem semoco scru scruurceu sruecs asse omneo rec anass e exene meann reresene resenne caeor "eoe" evoves, more comex, an emom e coecon o semoconsnssorecomes srucureso caure some oenes s oecec msceoasnensnv aernsnon w consnrucs msoroer re-nneuce sem exoence meann.s resusn aura o semoc srucures wc are oranzeerarcca, nesceanavn semoc srucures reresenn reneavors oe vaue enen o sre emxaomc se,rucures reresenn coarseravors oe vaue en. avors oe "eoe c"o cnaseere semoc srucures an o., reresennwo , ans exene mor.na,n sessona,ere exss on one semoc srucure, .n sesson,e uesannsue vaue sncessor conans one creaon even same conann "arreoreeceas vaue caeor was no aroraeo creae a surose.s new semor", ec., soae new semoc srucure was creaeor een assne a mea c srucureas a somewa more rene meannecauseas rsavor was unsn wc aowsencuson ocona caracers.n sessonc,e semoc srucure, weco reaze a samencunamous socceraers soas exame, seemsonc wasna ver vaue,as aane a morerecse meannor maavensea a "eoue asoeoeae useroes noersonanowsome users enow.n sesson,e s"e cmaoeocr sner aressoo wcncues asoeoea uneroes renemen uae wcrucure reazes anoer same ann sessone wo semoc srucures,, an m, caoes excancuescona caracers.ese "eoe" semoc srucure wer ue mae nese semoc srucures o a coarse s coarse "eoe" semo eerarcca nesn cear reresensserenavors exame oere.as exs ucn snc o c s wor sau arcs ceu o ore avres sera n sro ec s mnow o scen smn ruocc. ur seru.cu croens no sownn.,e o a smo, name oe caeor smo "rens", as coue uasnenwo reneavors aenao coecnormaon aourens an acuanances.ewo nen aersona a srucures o, name an , reresen resecve a "ren"s ceae seomro wcncues co-worers an one wc exc c n arsosse sc excues co-worers. e reosor wsnenaro,esewo caeoravors ma emereromneracons o worersner "renc users, sncesossea ars userreersoncue co- n a secon scenar"o,s,e we a secon userreerso mananwosncss. aneneceso reservee same usernancues co-worersner "rens"s searaesor co-worer rens caeoro coseersonarens ano creae a e srucure ose,reance, m wocsnescer meeann oe caeor "rens". erences sm reecene owners oe se nsesxo,se sameno scenarose ooseoavn one user own ae sessons. nssnc users owne sessons as useo cnreaee ars sam sesseon s coownnannn.w,oee coaee woro s arme “osrc,”craeenosr o"e urseenr osw",s e sessonas,esewoeoe are no co-worers oe user.s s nn ,o suesaere mae arevous sesson weree cae essonsenoe creae.e creaon even oe same,,senceonono or smo was semoc srucure, reresenne acuas orens.e reeresor oe namee semocon,s aeneoe semoc srucurenceoe caeor, "rens" caeor e, reresenne resunne seem somc. oon.or r eexarmesene,s som ceou unseec ae evennvovne same eseeo senence sanae user me n sees osnon aar ac uuara. rs ser wo couee same usersecon scenaro or aeren user "oe" s,cenaro, reerso caeor o uaees oeoe an arerson, an woes se amcuoac an co-rwomorer.oe creasaone eeven " o",os same,,snearneo sonnme a ncaeass a sae uae. sorenn er sesson,e meann o semoc srucure,resumeroms "rcun an ,s one wc consers "co-worers" asen memers oe couees" c e soa axeor me us c. eorn ora ans eveernens o ucsceurr,rnecuesrn sessone.ns sesson, a user wo caeor conann on "rens"n a srce asesraeoave a "rens"rens ana co-w r sense,or exame, conann on coseersona woavors oe "orreenrs ss"o cauenosre,a onee wnc anscunce csa "ceo-owro.reresr"e,ore,, anere on seoue excues "c wc "renos ao-w "aonrer meass" nso oa,. ae ca suesoer s "aoewmoerners",s w creae,, an mae a suse o e annoaon areae smo reresenn cs useo annoae, resunn worers. a "rens" caeor wcncues co- s creoa cerea we aca svor o "rens" caeor wc excues co-worers, aaron smo caeor "r aesa "oworers" an "rens" areson ses. annoan "rens" wecn es"xc wuaron smo one oans aavor oe caeor e meann o n seses co-worers,. aenne semocon reresenn , one oans aavor osone "eeooee" caseoror o s seemmoocc s srruuccuurree wc, a execru rewesn co-nworoers. ecesn sse sssuoanone couas a mrsoere u ase seussoon sso arree " orwennes" ane "c soa-mwe user ans user caeoressecon scenaro.r cou arsee own orers"nsnc user oerevous sessons anese er o sessonessncrome rens an co-wor uses aeren casscaon sceme, one were "rens ers are sore searae an s secon user wsesomore s a"n aaaroomna eexamrs ues oerorws c socaernaro. nese semoc srucu se semoc srucures cane anazenoner wo "comu res, consere caeor smo:caeor“comuere” ane eer "se a"" s,a cmaeesor w"coenerse ane resecve e "s a", caeor"comuere", onser nowewo exrmuere". "ees essons: "seerraa,,aa e renaem"e,",ee, "o", caeress eexraressaon s reanaemseaeeseeraaa o ee ee. oeconen oee secon saes " e.ence,ners exresson a eomau.ere" reerso somea conen wc cane eene secon, reerso a recorraonsacoenss o ov eexr arnes esxoenns aereuereo na ourmae a,n re coue emoe auman usero aove caeor smon wcewosnc meannsus onn aonreaaee e se.uman usersneeeerm comue "comueres" are use se o aea oroe conense.seorre wouan aenono weere reer can recevewo r e,e coarse semoc srucure "comuere" more s enemen uaesoewo nese semoc srucuresa reece.. sore rce- wc wouerce m scrreeasne envnn e ras. cea-roen or aen rmsen se aam ooo sns mca sru nesec e aure sree rse mseua ocor s aa ruao crn urcuar se osorons, reresenave smo soueroancusve en e.ns suaon,e new areeons an, ae same, enouoe aosue so asoeerneno ae or exame,oown a rewn, emomens oscrsnvveen asosse. newranc w a newsncve smo an creae on ma re-reresene e creaon o a non-near a nese semoc srucure so aso avo srucureaenon o re suemaro semc sorucc surruec, wurecsass coenesnerveen eoaree ar n.on-reuar semoc smo oneuaars seom soorec a srunceaurress aorre e wasecr coanmee cmonevneneecnause s eovreern re anre asenave rreuar semoc srucures ma neeo sore non-near rra, wereas aona macnern reuar semoc srucuresureas w urcaons reurn srucureeve raeranesor-oneve rcaons are manae ae semoc reresenaons reerreo as semoc srucu.eaen aranc w asncve normazaon. re reuarzaon or semoc srucure..ons o sem mueoonno s o,cc oc s rurr esu x wcu amerne e as a , noen aw re asco r oonrc soa nnon cs seemmoocc soruncusr reconzeoenaeo reconcer smos creae aeonon.momens osesnveonuoen mnn. reeeren a carr ou woss sesmnoes cc o r sero ruecns seu. nrea mveers,e a-roen recaoesace wenwosnc semoc srucures, same meann soa a unue reresenavnzeoavee sameor susanae newonons creaewose snerses aroraeoro semoc srucures. semoc srucures are euva a reconcer sanae reresenaves oe an numer o semoc sruen anneoesores oo semoc srucuresor o srucures creae wccuresor wce mere-ons acae. new semoc srucures.s n ncueserevous semoc srucures as nese semoc wc, normaew semoc srucure eecve "reaces"e exsn semoc srucures useo conve sem, a raore cac no srounceue rrr eee no e mux enen anare n-so. ,n occurs,or exame, wen a smoaseen srucureounareecon.ns suao suc ase "mouse" smo o.semoc o.,s creaeo recora a n, a new "ounar" smo reconcer, suc as ano recor waese meann n amuous "mu-sense" smoaseeneece rseoe concnnerr s aremorerecse,o recore semocsoresvn enr wcssesnce maeaons.ounar-on smo cane vewe as aconar wcave ovuezrzaonn moreaunzzn rn se ocn ronsc o sa a w ncoo mnr e o. acncunrss w weonsewoou snemarocs s "rucures mee semoc srucures maavee same reresenave orsnc r uzz".ese semoc srucures creae wcncueso eresenaves. new coarser ooo, asuosurnaaer-ons. an.uezzor-eonse, seses s m oenmea wonn ecs. reraeon occacurs,as ae crwooss soevmeroc sarucures an evoveneenenrom eac oer.ne exame sown, sesssosn,o ar recoonncse an wereas assorons an .eon ounar smr even s creae wose sners a reconcer smo e..,es .eoon even os.. new semoc srucure s creae wosencenon "conar e aounareecon,e new semoc srucure reresens a reresensnr" conann muesncanncomae meanns.eon even uzzer semuzozc re scrounccurae woncuznzcuones,een exeen neew m seemanoncs s orucure ans a "coar,s seur" semoc sru c as sores caenrcu eere exoenn, e o eac e o.. ereromre-exesnso mreaonns are s accesseer corresonn reconceronouenn.nee, semoconn wcrnereeon orrome wereas nsoo an .ew s soo an , reerencn ners an caneu "su- e use as r"eorrucne reconcer smo .ese new sners an can rerese esenaves oe semoc srucures an resecve.ese new vennea muves-seencsaer ree ecoxnccere, reea "oenvsce" wnerreera "coonn oc "mno"u sse" cnou.ore exame, e reconce n rreo ann ane "reoe enr-a o e onu"ennernre,aeonw coou semeo "ecn srru-c"u.res can connueo evove ee ceanrren o eac oer , uer reresenaves are more "norme"na o meo "mvaare" m ooreereocnsecro resscoovner. usrae ., weree coa caon, we conser a varaon oe scenaroconcnavors o "r rse semoc srucure comesrom reconcnwo er an ens" wcaveeeneveoe an use snc users rsea usrce. acaeor“merreenrs m”a annans as osrens uner caeor smo semo recr serucu ncues coworernss.er’s reosor conanswo w res, one w reresenave smocaeor“mrens” an a secon one conannsasemnaevme scmaeoor“mrens”, "","n",... seceon ac uusaer,meea-varns osrens an co-worer. rens an on rce,neenen oer, mananswo searaess, oneor caeor“me cor coworers, uner caeores caeor“mrens” an sornsnormoawoornersw”oo rerseecwveo c.aeeaorrcees a nneesw aooora oew soemsosc semrusceuvreess.or reconceweor secesoemrenor meaenanrcse’ osnoer smmaoonnos reosor.oo so,e neeso awo wrecrs.ncues coworer caeor“mrens”,s verson co s anearce’s exoenous verson,, wc excues s reosoerrmonosrnearecae’rsc se’s smos an semoc srucures,ern coaoraon w own,oe a suer "mrenesm" soemco srcuc sururecurree wa oc ceorn "mansresn as" caeor ws caeor semoc srucures as nese s ner "mrens" suer-semoc sr emoc srucurescomare w o..s usaes ocaeoruc“umresr ceonarss”er wancencwuoe ne csowe semoc srucures sncencues rens” wc excue coworers.e coarse "mroernerss" a snem uosace ssr oucucraeeaosrw“om nceonoen ssmoneoreomer an oneromearce. crecon ve, a new reconcer smos creae aeonon "rnomormes r"ec ocoenac, ee erx,. senecre c oanerve a verson oscaeor“mrens”,, wcs auca a concn verson: mar,er canerrovme c. uc r annorme verson oearce’s verson: e om c. srucure co oncaaneorco mnane useer’s a asn rereeaserncea’sv "e smo oe coarse semoc oea recomnocusae"o enxasmeew,e rens" semoc srucures. meannssuc ase " ene sne am cooarcse s sruecmuoresc w sruc raurec caannosnec creae. .. mon ne crescaon se carre ou emomens oescosenvenonsneson o an as.e s amreos. uneerennees o smos arenese: e c nu smo creae, comose,more or searceurn . anur .nre aenre s one acses s-on morn o oer samoorn or emereurn annerencease, suc as: . aoesze ssmo roee orrre ano asnerenceare, assnnn ae ss. monn onecrr eue ne ssm ereo o s.e, e oerenncanon a o maecnoerseen semsoe, w smco consssn reosoror esewere, or sornenese smon a new aoca ne recor oe reosor, or savnemorarn sor-erm me e anene wme memor resources wereeoaso mor.n some acaons smoener mae assne communcae orransmnormaon a new smo. wouereen a memor recor conannenese area saevceana m,nca emomens, a smoavn anenerormsnownoe e wor-we weem.orseenereorn m-aer sme ocr sore-oecramo onr o as a a r reecsoorurcne a on a newor suc as evce, or coue an oronero aermanen re on-erm memor smoener mae arovsonae source on a newor.ernave,e smos evenua noeeme suae oner wc mae evenuascare e ne oeran,or anneser s womroo nroonav-nerm sorae. ma noe, a macn smonsanaen memo anenerere ma, orere roceureen searcesor a maco s r or on a newor.eneson esewere, e.., on a newor a anese smonsee reosoror succees.nsea n reurnse resunenerorenerse searc memor an reurns a meacens noer ooune, newen ceresaoen rreoccoeru.res s aa rveessu,enneessoe smon reurns a smoener, eer are-exsn one or a new o n awas nese smos eernsanaen memoror a nene, an ensuresae smar exsn anene smo.n some emomwor or maceo a sucen eners morean one va macasee ens,neson ma reurn mue...neson noun. enesooneas ree ors c uenss:e sresaarcn, coesnsc,osenvenon,s useuosnusreeasesn consssn exorn anroomnauomac curaon.e searcase nsanae sm e memoranoss an exerna newor so ason exsn oun os macne searce smo.e cosnase examnese maces e asssurne searcase an an maes aecson on waoo nex,oss w xaanmce oe an exerna user or aen or semoc maser. a. reurnns oe ouecnomeesr o oee coessn macaseo:un . r reesuronnnswo o or meocreno wssee mera ocnee os,uesseeaovsnseo m suasceeuse cnan sae cese e ae onsereo c. sauvsns ens m eorara e-cer om oron-erme searce smo an reurnne newener . connune sr evenceeearc, eeron aona maces oron more suorn eosorrooomunn maces arease onnerenaervaons. reosor,ncues , wc caneou o as an auomac curaon oe ne severaassa are useuorrearne reosoroorcomn urnsones a snear ocerasee osr oer coocsesnsn.asoem.e oeroeosemnass masaeoew carre ou ornae cosnase an ma connue wee reosor ever can exenase neracve se sn a "seen" sae wanore nex n somsseon. resenn me emomens,snowneoreanaenese smos no smo mame soarve,o oreeoo onn aoo macsowenenese en ass ur wou aemnon a mac, resunn a newener reeermmne nearo a,. moune s oearcme,asee reasoseoern mauanceeceuoa ssw noc coomee ceos aer a ceran reane searce smo as an unmace smo soa cane as nase ermanenener an useo comoseorne sne arovsona or e searcase maeeerre r oroesze new smos.nenera, memorroomnas an comee a aaerme,oss one orurn a mae "me e seerre searcna succeeson a mac,sae mac reunanc.re" or reconce werevous assneenero conro or reuce smo mna anc caseen, a s reearucnaans c aon r oeores s am nono-exsen mac wen one exssae neraon as menone aove,s er s creaeoue sornae smo mernewo co ror cane recoveree..,urneroomnase or an es wener smar o euvaences ascerane e reosor.. e sea ercxerna user. meosm anoa rms ocee enusr oes asanveenon carr ou smo searc means o a vare o rma,sormexoaeorm, coomeoseo ona ceo see,a crcomeo ssmonoa eex..r,esrsmona, vs.e no anva-ae cnomeunaeo snma roeso ourr nceos, anen wee smeroe. seaarnce o semrooces aureuser use sumoreerreo as smos are aso useuorocess auer, soasnv or searcnene wa smar enonreasuerrocessnn a eonenvesn aene smo. s wrucuere "s oa snmer aro a "sro recursrer vaa e cne, omses o ce son e osm nauoe enm ncsen oer asnae esc ars a seevaarn eca arae ere o cones coumenosscoonmaare an as, a smoavn searcae consuenssca se.arce rs searcn e senarcesen ans cnonsuens.oreover, reevan su-smos o a searce smo ma aso onsuenses mea aesoorean. as, ase e use asroe comonens or searc enaersor searc sea screereuner.roes a se o smosca a se o ancesors oe serce smo useono asssae searc,ca enane cacuaon o a...xac o somenoa m maces. smo renuernr oonuac ons sneaanrca mee smoso wsc arease on exac searc oenunese meosnownoose sene ar maa maec exacenese smo.an suc exame,e-vaueas mas an r usen emomens osnvenon.or a smoeneree o econae-vaueas mas are useuor assocan ma suc as a comos eas-mao a smoormnsancee vaue oeas- oec, ec ona coe, arma vaue, a rawrmve exoaeorm, aava nese sm. monesons sraorwar w se oaa-srucures:enu corres onnserenoee-vaue ma an,e smos arearesen,s noeonen smoeners reurne s no,enenese smos memorze e-sveauee asn o mse neows m craeaee aerners reurne. comosona srucuree..,r orae wenenese smoacnerna amouns one mesmaovran reasoeu orces.esoem r ceonv uve ce s enmoeno aas. moauna-srucuressae reureare exane aca oescose reoso o memor resources reure ano comosona searc meos ac r,sscosureescres some exac wcae avanae oe aeo comosona coes an coe-earn smos an comosona meos canre coemneoraszoenao s craurcru orue. aorreooxvmera,ee asnensceroesnea searces. ...e comoesccoana, seasrcscosuusrnerence meo saes:oessorm eescres a searc meooo conssn o uoree sae,oessormaaoonn,eenneerraaeosn a, se ooeosesn vear mcaacones anonee sreeanrcae sea src.ers ma aso conannva mac mo wc oena maocesesn veerraecaone,s e w. rcs saeca,erorms a one--one anass o eac mue macesn orer o a ma runes ounva maces an ma aso ran oesesormaon c-ua measure.oeses vercaons no neee na, annersenuaara sneaerecoenerae va maces on. emereromerevous mae execue,or exame, no va macas nsanae smos wcwo saes orsesraeo exene searco non- se onsanae smo mae oanae annerenceervaonsoe exsn rou searecse couree sea ruenss. a marse exeecnuereann a an smnaer seeav oeasooneseor exame, auc an arer se ooeses on ers soas noenerae an s anen a secon...eaxe sear acceae mac. urcermaore,roxmae macn macesas e searc sae cane reaxeas, exeneo aroxmae ec e on exc reresenaons ooooca reaonsseween smos. susnumuesonor r aeaxroaxomna we seaercs scuocse as. conasn, aunen o reoanxaaaonn a mno cronanmen aroxmae searcsca execue on ars e resourcenensve ee an sucen uc searcor exac macesas no eaure oo mac. oanaeor ex aamreearoems semaos,c an snroucauoren c aonsroeaaeso,nse,scra avnem smoroasn, e roc. rea conrueo see-u searc ano reucee nee o semo e ase nerena sea c vercaon anee comosonerer sac sse a ns no.n- saaroewa coen ssmo ma oene searce means o saow ancesors resec uensswc conan oneree-escenans an escenenss avee searcor areae smosca reures mu-e nerenaenns a caen nau m ereu es a- areesaee an ooce nrs anor e ss ams. se oonareane mraacs no comee mace, nerenaasa marovee mssneaures. es so aso oen uoena .....oxmaco msaocnan sruc mueraen os o comosonass ^ ^, … , ^^ ec a a ns a re ea r c ese s n or a e e c e o m n a e e-m c o e m a o r r n os s ra o m na o me s m e or ne ra a co a m n osona coe ^^ = e ! noe " s reresennsrec consuens.ou oe wosearens are e aoveenn coesure, soaeae oss oenera, cane assumea arens are assumeoe smo s ^^ ! , … , ^^ " oese consuen noes e xam # e,nesneue eners.ure comosona coes are oane,or ^ ^ ^^, … , ^^ , or enc r ane arumens o a comosona exresson aove conm so " omseo emnao comee o cnans n , o s a m r eno m eoe v rn e s mae m ers o a ar . se aneers orues oneers, ane concaena seuence oneers oane ecanaese a somoeners. noeo one os wnwarorescennnns comosona memorrarom a consuenarensarnenese r,erees cens n aoee oennoenocc raeaoenenesw oenens a sarmenos aonr osn eex oses ansenon.ns.,,,,,,eseownwarns corresonoeamonce eae arrowsromearen noe n- n soe c noeonne ooserecon. "areae"enversaoenanuae , aamon-eae arrowncaese an., re,ao,nnooe conuse w areae smos usens acaon.oe ae c smos, o,aneese com arrowsonne uwarrecon.encae anaesearen noes exsneenosn"arean"n ermnoosarens conuse w "comoson", wc enenas oae c noe.an,s sou noe so,eeenenc reaonseween conssaureso no exsneenen. smo sou noe conuse we reaonseweenn sem cos ane comose reerens.onseror examee muorm smo:" orresonn "sca" consuen smo"oures" exssneenen o,o, wcasoures".s oso no exs wereaseoures oe o suneenen oeoe are aaceo. eenencesm omareze co,mnosses scmosuore,, ane coen csomueonsse o s am comosos aee semneon ar oe eaec one o wsearreeanssn.e coemrmosnoeo sm woous asoe s saoe a comoson o eac one osarens onsuens o c aoe an "areae". consuensoreeneonncsesu.enrescan con sso oune rnecsurosrveee anree rneceersre reeor asoneremcmeae coenseueens- o ao srm-soereae os,rse arnecesors ae=ne memorra e are sao e se oenera c e- consuens. consu onsuensor recursve consuens o a smoncues a s see onsrec annrec ane smosewcss owne- consuen. oemmu sameo asn corsre reseornresoo a as su a cormee oosoen maemreoerorra ono, wocs norma consere arov oe se o se ca suree,o emasze e aes nc oe es ne ors-n aenree eee com =ne nsns oueo enr cse oman ccoesso n oro nse a o. re ^^es oe ^^noe ^^ % ^^ # an corresons arensrec consuens orrec ancesors .oea ^^ ^^ aree comosame coonss wucen asr.eoer c caonnseu ceonm snme o oo ^^ s c. aonmcesosoer a comose smo are saoe useor searcne comose smo a se o s o a comose smo cane comose smo or neorsere smosca ancesors oe searce aroe.e comonens o aroe aore u sosemeomnes reoe sreraercoo ars a se maarcc-enoa ^^^sn reoerrr seo as asssn an earc- smos, noroces aeo nros er. smcarvnec sumesosre oc aancesorsarensor somee o comose maen useu or necess ne arean annoaons o aeaure smo, conan aroncueeree- ancesorsneroe, oro use aroe n eexecu, asveereee-re ceo-ns anuceesnorasn. smoe.., arooso cesorecomes aeree- consuen aer a escrve smo.or exna smosroue w oer smosoe an areae ecomes a ame,erecae"es moves", aeree- consuen o, . eree- consuen oncesroue w an noescrve smoromone uwarrecon, an uwar or ascenn oroom-u comosonan smo anrece c cons sumeno:areen c sm smooo as c crea neo ae reerreesenarse ann s ocmcurorence oearen reerrnoearen smo usn ann.,, com,os,on,a.oomo.me-mues,n sucs aesnce as a-areaeamon-eae arrow oucn eac oer.es o crencom .,e noes reae an are sown smo ^^senoe: ^^ # ^^. osons,as,eree-escenans, o a coemnosoorn esx,a nmamee,n,., a,er, s seossoans c,ome smo"o aners o,ee s smmos,,,as, ^^ # o"soonn"s =, ^ ^^^ ## n""o,n =" ,, c,oans ,anrese .nes. ve eemens. o "on", ,s sown asavn a comosons conann comosmonosmsenosr o ceraen sscmosoes rneveernreono m aasnraacness s omoosomor-u ve ascennns smos. ^^s arace smo,en ^^ ^^enoeses os rca-race manane e reosor.sss uae everme ^^s u comosons wcs ansereoreme-varn conrass we seo creae a new smo ree o ^^, wcs normammu suree o ancesorse comosona aveeene crenaeaer o,rroevr oe a coma noa ese w oo. nness ar ree arewsaenss aeeme orern wc comosons...oom-une neoe en oes. m om rs e e n c s on searc meo ^ ^ wcs osnvenon searcor a maco a coe-earnnese smo assumeo e a n v e eee a n a u r r e e a com n o e s se ona ar c e oe ve ^^ n = ^^! e , … s , m ^^" o , an en woserec consuens cacuan a comosonaoesess wc co ers ^^ ! , … , ^^ " ,rs uc ass saoe comeesuaraneenoansoena macesor ^^. macne searce smonerae macn s conan ansanae smos comee mos are no reureoeono a ssue aoerr e sx. easme,n., ^^s auernvovn “on", suc as "ereoesonve", ,,,asosn,,en an exame o a comee comosonaoesesss e srn "o es o aensanae comose smos conannreerrno aneno smeaerc enm". oro mmaecnsn oesesnsvse,n saornn orerorme ceo smmosonss ^^ ^^ ' accorno sze comosnoonsers s oraweo o ar mooree searc so-menea emno comnesnusesnoa cearcusa.eenersecon oe enera, aroe conann sea s seecerom ^^ ! , … , ^^ " .ore mae useoee rc-enanvercarace consuenso aneree ^ ^ ^^ = ^ comosonaoesess or searc ∈* n ^ ^ e ^ scrve s . ncueseree- ancesors.nmcao ems,osm neecness,sarescro usvee a srmooe ^s^ a =re ^ s^ea ^^rc wecn a s aencaersaoers s rees wecerveen. ^^n ^^e annera ^^, =n ^^e ^^ a coovnean oneree-escenans aneree- an ancesor oeree,ens corresonn coormmuoasons,s ^^ a ^^ro^meus co cmonoanenne ^s^c^e ∈n ^ ^a^n^s comosons o ^^^o^eree^ s s use wec csocnosaensneersecreco^.n c searc meosurerusraen., were aroe e ense searconsoru ae mnasc ooe a s seeaarrce smo. c oe ^^, … , ^^.ecca,ne exame,e ce smoavn a comosona ^ ^!, ^^#, ^ ! ^+ ^ ,, w " erecomare w o . searce smos a comosonauer ^^^ ! :recae ^^ # ""oven" ns exa + mesn" e,,e wrocesse se o aarensas,e seeree- ancesors. eenen smo reeaeor eacroe comonen ^^ ' , rereveses o s s ^^ ^^# e an ^^ ^ se comosonss o ^^ ' , ^^ ^^ ' .. as we as. ecse c ^+ a , cuaes an ene ,avn resecve an eemens. one eemen: ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, were ^r^sesco"noson" w,ce, annsweer exoameeu serow.nn, ceonnearans on conans ma ! n # mo + re e , emens, m , os o wc are no va m ,e erormsee neces sseaarrcoes-oor a macoe searce smo ^a^ ! c, …e ,s ^.^ " ne an e coe corresown vercaon. uerorm: ^^, … , nso auer smoasn., suc ase comosona eas one oe ! com ^^ ' os , …o ,n ^^ " s, ws mersesnn ^^ ' romenoe aeso aveueorrmeuaroee c soamonenso,en a consuens excueromenersecon cacuaon me occurs a reasons oecauses no arace s ,or exame,or comuaona...omressanc ceosmouonsoornauerses comm moeno ae. nns os ar sees resounrnee anseer resu oeuer. ss usnn somses s oua sesosnos,n emenomeresnnss oea osn avesn oon ree cuocmeoses soznes oee comoson exame, aarcuar smo reresenne caeor "c mseves.or omesn aarcuar sesson were omuere" mae useousans s case,e comosons o "com,oure erxame" cea,noeusraenas o rre muceons onceus anre scaen sneess.onn e .en es v weoe rur on c snoee ss useoeermne comosonaoesesowever,eares o.. canneonoena maces. aovenerea se cao cnn s onaa aree e s exmamonsennev coumaosonaoesess oane cacuane ownoess verc n oreron one or more va maceso- aacesounaoorn m.sascnrooessne maeeseor: roe comonen.ua consran mae ceo rmeaoxneenos a m cuosnaen emuean oor o sru cosnusmseno we consran.or exame, aescrve smo mae mace ae n conann aonaeaures a caeor smo mae m scrve smo roosona smo mae mace oneavn aace a su-caeor a mae mace "e ca cas uncse.., "e ca casee mouse" e orern wc conesueen mso ausee uanrereae". conssen w e orern wce aeaneoess musee sameor coca coerence: mue occurrenrcens oe aurer. sameru oosona smo musavee reeren. s veamuoe.c coerence: mue occurrences o a smo mus reresene same smos weeares sewso o conesaruarenss a arere reevanor mu-e searcnvovnescrve smo wc o mace aans ses oeaures aneres aeas one... er meccurs muemese.., "on",, occurrnn,,n.. n soomes eomr coommeonss,onea c searc ane comosonss oomosonaoesesss rene seuena exec s consuensn successon.ore secca,s meo au.es . oreeero rseow con sm s soe sss oro:n ensous ac,coersn aoen:e sorers comesrs, ec. s canae smos comarn we c. ceaacrucaee semo no nersec nersecon oersewss ane carr ouees one smos,n e ssomecea socenn.areosse msas ar neo vereaorsse.eno a manan comosonssor ceran consuensomemes reerreo asvoen reerrneaveves m coemoossoons sereocm onee reracoseor a senarces eac comosonor euaor near eua erormn a reaxe searc we...mse o e s exm aarcco m m. eacons,meeneo esx oac a marocxnm,a we acnnnoreereneao moaoccan e smo sace,as, euvaence,roxm, smar an sus srucure o smos,aveme aca.ecca, resrcne seumon reaonseween aeno accouna acanormaon eeme arco exac macesoesn’ smovocauar msmac, smo re n cane reresene morean one esecaumansonee uzeeurnanc anaoumans an arca ssem reresene same reeren en smoso convee same meann oro same wa we .umans are noncneo exressemsevesn exace eren exrenss reone wrrneno re aueescen o anoercmea oonno mrmuaoenrmoems w ana mae en use u w usenn s aorn o.norcerno us oersm oes mea reoasceor ao reurreesnen onnoermm,a evoenn mnoree s soame wa conssen over mose on severa users, snce a users wou wens consrans meann reres eneorceo ao anenca smo-o- oreenaon ma. exame,evoaveorn,s menromsam saecesoe exwacee sneanrcesroena-moew annn seaercr-esence o nose,or momens osnvenon overcomeesemaons enamne vauees. aroxmae maces o searce smos.n exame os, sus searcor oess vercaon wasescre earer.oreove umon reaxaonn accounoca annerena reaon r, ceran emomens asoaeno reurne wenuernor an"as soa,or exame,"aree ca" mae " nma",ase onesorenormaona"cas" are..eaanxmeas c"o. oncueem an meos comoon oseasec mra smec o ean wreorseen coenrasesu aen cosm meeoesess wcsuaranee searce smo.s meoason macesn wacc exace consuens oe smos euvaenu noencaoe correson a consuen oensanae or exame,e consuen"on" cor n consuen oe searce smo, exame sownn..noer sce resonsoe consuen"onm"seee smos canears naro were va maces are msses wen comose euvaen smo.en mue was, eacarsereeen asncu semanca searc caorr oeve orcuome mesanms oaoen,o emomo-ume cnoms oosnvenon aumene "verca" oane "n" aroe como sonss w a "orzona" searc smos nen ^^ ' wn a sac searc reon ^^ ^^ ' conann arsn o w acar asrae ee suvmaeon s ooru smaero ^e^ ' .oor a enxame, a smo reresenn aarcuar aernavearsn oe same euvaen smo reresenn an c n a consuen ^^aresase a r semaxeo. comosons ^ ^ om ^^ osonavn a reerence ' o ^^'oro anoer smo wn ^^ s ^ s ^ ' ac w re c o c n on ^^ a ^^ n ' s , eve a r s: eo. ^^' ane corress coonnsnu ceonm reoasxaonoan mses roe.axeeoroe co, wmonen s ,e comoso c asoncues oe: a consnuesn o mae. susue c reaxeo a susume smocaeor "anma" mae "anma".orea seecorc "aca," w, wenereaes s ceaarecoer s "cma"o mas a caeeo susue caeor searce sac reon ma conans su rescrve smo,e suerseso oe:en macn aescrveer- scameoor,ese. searce sac reon ma conan oown re usaxn. e reaxe comosonsso cacuae aoesess, one oanse ^^ ^ c^omosonaoe ^s^es ^~s: w smc ' ^ ' o. wc are aroxmaons oe searce ^^o ^r^eenera ^^ ^,^ wen aroe ^^s u~ ^^see resun se ooesess: roer orern oeroe comonens, ern seo ensure s meo cane aeo co semoc anoca coerence, ec. vercarace anor nsuens oe searce smo wc areo reaxaee reosor mzoannaansr aanc ue-.o- same eoc ^^esn sa reroeseenaoroznonarace or a cane use as sac searc reon.ecca os neoroo one or more aave ne , emomens osnvenon manan oooca reae neoorsr, aonos w ^^ 2 c ^^ ca on ae re uasexa aes s samc soea ^^r wc rce coonn.ans searc re somn aroesve sarcaoer raocues, soracaee aso rveeaxoarmeu aano cascu neaeorsn cans seac ae. e amounn so ome sa ecmnoromeunces,neearaomrezoenra ^^ sse aa nrcon,-neave numer ^^ ^ anncaes "semanc" orrmasancer as, ^^ 2 ^^ conans smos wose s mos e om ^^sess or euao ^^ . ^^ = or ^^s ver sma,en on n u e v s a e e e n m o o ^^ m ar e e n n s cu e e sea n rc ^^2 ca ^^. w aarer vaue on ena se neerorme w aow vaue o ^^rs anen searc. arcs no successumu-sae reaxe comosona e namen a oaerv eem neomeonrsoo ^^s. aarameeraaesno accoun conex as weence rouooeoeor ecau rveaaenon osr sms aarre smcoa reresene means o muorm smosa ssem an maeoosraeromrs.ese maeenerae e user ore vera measures cane useoro axm reaonsnrma saces. e reresenave smos o s reae smos suc asescrve smos. reresenaons oo emoc srucures are aoo source o ecen semoc sru ooca reaonss,ans asooe consoaon uaesa ane conosnc enure uees ns a eore xn oor ac ana on s neu osec eee m semo. moor,e searcor a maco sanese smo armora neorooor sanese ranse vcn resusne creaon o aave neoroo.or exame, smo, wcs use as annazaon os reaxe comosonaoese srmora neoroo cane oanerom a conrme canaes wc are sss scarnenva maces an reann ave neoroos,mowaerveor o, arrnee vcn oenese smo. meome,or exame wen a near nommuae an neeoe uaerom neoroeonesv aerre coascseen meeemnorn so on sm ae aoms eo nu crnea oe av.aae sorae resources, aave...erna eeoe cacuae on once. nve meoor reaxe searc eseca somee e amreo vermeanrse. mna a neornaeveo msseeoos m aasnoaonw rse.axveen a soearesesss, w comosona coe ^^, … , ^^, exores neoroo o nce smo ^^ reon ^^ 2 ^^ ' oe e ! cons " uens ^~^ ' ∈ ^^ 2 ^^ ' . nse a sac o cecor e caocrresoens cooe an~ ^^=nsa ^~^n ! , …a ,e ^~^ " somaones wa, a verca searcserorme nsanae smo,eoownsa .ee coeoes corresono an ^ ^ ^^,~ ^^ nces cacuae: a nensana = ^^ ^^' , ^~^' ^^ ^^' , ^~^'rer : esen e s s s a s " m a c n o c s o e " ~ ^^ m n s a cu n r e r c e ue cac o u r n a ae n s o as a o w w a oss en ro u m e ne sn e u e n- ors o ^^.oea eac me e o smo. oesesssescr ase reaxe ensroceeu erear coer. eexaarmcee, re mees,ss o canae neorssrocesse,or s movnucaes, anen assneoee sac reon ^^ 2 ^^^oe ^ ^ ^^ c onv ' , ^~^ e n ' n s . so m me o e . momens,e reosor ma ase useror an esmae oe e cos en o o e r n a ec , es n sar ene o ra m , an e an am sa e c er r s e o ons e w sac m re u on e m va a u v e a s r o , an ea m m a eer e ^ ^n oreroerorm a sasacor searc.rrs w smae ven ameer vaue un sac reons n s vaueosseenncrease o consuoences,oar exaem nume,er oon enue-e cm som. monaaosns c moansrow exonena we numer eemensns neoroo,ere w uens an eac consuenas es.ors reason,smoraoue aoa o** = e comnaonso seecn covern suses or mnnomaee susees szea o a sreac no rneeoenses as s au mcnmum,or exame, oe woe s en reresenave..nerenceac reon. ro reresenn an exonoca annerena reaonss,sosseo "aareen" cean ranee re ou srenaerc wese wn secarc canneerorme successuor exame, a ca name e maea a cas or an anma name "are"enerence can exsnnenoermraao sn,e a oare r nn an ew,mna reesrre. ensecen raeeornss ooneorrmoacesosn oroemne erxasnn n reewrenseonrmaaoonnsrom or examesee.,rome sm . "omea"samecaeor"cos an as", "om" "asavea"mescaeor"cas","as aa" e sosmn"erence ruees: nanonmeraesnc aea an". mrovese ca reasonn ase onoca annuconrncesrea aaases annaormaeso ann ma unsaaemen o c ao rmeorsseo ar r.eaesvoenrear o erxsnenreecnooesor oeror nce enne woseass...nerencemnerences. ra, asm ne o row eemor rreenso o asneeresnccoese newnvoernonerormnerence means o annerence memorra, an wc comrs wc,n some emomens,s emeen a ransme esnerence noes,nerencens annerence snas wc, uso s a n roo ewn cenese vn aen en nxas em. renecse, sn . -, annerence noe comrsesnsrucons aeo a mana na,enerae one or more smos wc are norma aon con e oo ooa smosoeurerrocesse an oss ransme uer smnne onc ,ee arnenn nces e s. sena smcoa, a c soemarcrsees s am smo wc cane: annsanae smo, a wc was oane rewrn anoer o, annerre smo, or aoa smo nerenae ru sems woes annowneo snoasse seneeraoae sm ne a ano. r,n suecren aa noe are oane ase on...earc an se sosmnerence rue. s soscover moes nesen a wn e examesn . -, annerence noes ca emee or n noeros noe reresenn some smo.or exame,n . , s an ecerence noe emeene noe e noe reresense smo wc reraerseesnna a "c saamsaeve aa o".nee "rceanc"e ca noeeor nam, ueo "n roemce",vnraw annu sna "omas aa" se concusona acwarm-coanm, r neenr orses s oene earcsn nvoe snm eso, wno coomserns aen uw n sooe nasesnc o. uneerence noes: rewrnor smo or a searce smo, an wc rocesse aoa smoe.. auer smo or rewrn no oeroa smos anrnus eer resovn eoa orus noes, suc as n oen-oooree-orwar orscover or more new smosromeneu a sovnea esxamu neo, woacve aro sceescsncuoa sonaes resonveerr.n one enereenea-o nrewwaror nouesse asreo nrowramra cer usaen an exoraon orscover moe, were saen smos or s n exsn ornsanae smos,or exame, o mos e a user, or smosenn an aenonaocus, so as nersecnocveer newnormaon oro oranze more ecen exsnnormaon means o sees onee. owrr monre nonseasn araee nor smmao usse manc an sea arc sea mrcoee, w smereo or aeuneerre sna newor ewrn noescaransm snasrsnorwarrecon an mo. snaaseen resove,n aacwarrecon en, onceenu rewrn nooree s, aenc wcaen, ween no anens suee scneaon. rcun a searc oruer reues arrves a a sesn seuena orer rocessn,e noeerormseoown a.. rreawnrsmessneo co orn:e or moreoa smos c. eners a wan sreaseo unnn a s renasownsream rewren snasav sonse arrvesacrome noeso wce . resoves eeenransme e. arnan usm ae snnau raecueos se unasream noe or noes,us enane resouon uer reuewsrsr wneam o re o nuooea e m s nam ee asoos. oeeene caaco resoverecenu searc or aove. ae a sunewor,ence sne ses a, an c eoa smca emomensncue a manaeoo ooa smosoecen wc orer ooao ssm soouecerocesse accornoe ses aove. ...erva omes annerre smo onceaseen resove. smosnn c s- roa emaer e eema woe s cmm reenos,s once annu snaaseen resove, aervaon-areae execuen orero resovereseennsue re suuesor.nor e evxamencee, annee ex can onerence ses aono smo noe ,ese emomens creae aearmve o.,n ncun ,, an wcsenoe ^^ ⇐, or^a ^^on-a,reae smo rvaono-mae eremaoe ^m^ seon ass aoso m raeee → . e exnece coen scuusoorn on wcucsnase:rome n aernave noaonucore a,^orovme^s ^^ ⇐, noer exames sownn., w: ^^eren ⇐u ^ s^n ⇐, . resovessunervaon- as conann aoa smo are momens osnavereaesseeeaescussonaer. ervaon sas semoc coerenncona vner asoao mcau coee orecncucrr.enceess o a smo wn a areae smo acs a conrmao suance o aervaon-...nerenan naese consransaveeen vaae. neseneraernc on e nnosmaena s wanec s camn eoxcssan saeoenerenanae conans aar o consruc annerence newor searcnnorereanrcse o snnaas.emnsoanmeanes osnvenon exame,. sows aar onae noes , cona smos.or an wc are enaeo excane nnnerence su-noes moe. nerence snasn searcacwar-cann e noesw aoren saaeo noe mesa mea.me coonnmecenes o mesans o annerencen.ens occurs, noes searcnor nvenon searcesornaears o e consoureen s ceocmcaa os,r ons n s o so om semo anncs ea s ren eamrn ao ame nea ansse, on snee croennsceunens. are oane scannn e consuens o sanere mo ^^,as,e comosons o sese mananae smo ^^. or, ^ n canaes : ^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^α = ^^ ^ ^^s use: ansceesoorre.,e com ∈α os ^ ons ^^ ^^ o an ancesor ^^ musavee sameeree ase nerenaoesnnaes ssm coon ^^a mnan ae nes anennereerena noe wcs comae we or ^^α^^are ncen.e eemens oe aove se ^^ ^^ ,or exa reerreo as a man canaes oroena maessee.-, sees- consuen sm .onues. ace, no ceonsaer anaorr o ex mamaese oeanres onne os waewnoeeorm suaarse a a coovme,mon, ^u^s ∈ ^^ ^^s a ^^ consenueenre exarsens ^^ o ∈ ^^o ^^ suca ^^ ∈ ^^ ^^,rom wcoowsa ^^ ∈ ^^ ^^: common.annee ca,n noeaeas,sn cane, αe ^^n a coen nra ^ ssz^e.o manarsavn mue consuensn aroes w morean o s oroesavn onroe comonen an n some emomenns,e comonen cane usesee -eow. e .or exames, consuens e m a a ov e e a se o a w rc e o o r mae e s w s re n ax a e av a e o n w e n c o o r nsuenso ^ ^2 ^^,o ^^e ^^ a ^xe man canae oos or, ^ ^~^ ^^ ^ se o ancesorss use: ^ ^^~ ^^ a r o maes ^^, ^^ oanens wa,as, suca ^^ n ∈ ^^ . ^^ . soue noea a ^ ^ ∈ ^^ ^^ an ^~^∈ ^^ ^^, eac 2 ave aar o consuens mos ^^ o eonnos resecve mae, wc are wn asance o a cacuaen e , sa aoc nme o eemer: no ^^m ^^e, ^~n^s, on ^^.ce a smos creae, a se o man canaess can ew smos mae w a exsn comaenerena noes.s se n a wea conns"esreee ans"ar s oeroomnase an mae comee wee reosors searc reoenn searcnoaren.erenans o a caeorescrve smo noe,e sac en seacrcan conorannseresn sua-caneores. reonca conan s o aescrve smo noe,e sac searc reoncean se caorncans ns aos nr su ears useas. vaee snm smoso w rc canearsen mue was,e sac..neraon o comoson esunrom an aernavearsn. ome emomens oa seasrncve annonerena searc searcsuc n resoro annerena searc e comosona searce sm aso e.msoeescreormreuvaosus,n aenrena searcassoasne a o vnane mreancaone esase searcnornsanae smos sarn one or mor s searce s e consuens we avn morem ecco aa. n o,nee coonrsmuueann co ammovoen c,an ceanne αe cnoenraazne muor-cnomnon meannroaerss: w ∈* e ^^ re ^^ n . s ^^ e ^ s ^ e = o *∈ a 5 r ^^ a ^^ macesoeroe - ven ormua ,as, ^^ ^^ = oceae see o ^r^ ^^nanormu-a conasns a sarecaa m caasec on-oesesore searce smo. roes conssn o a snearenor ance oane were ^^^conans oesoersse searc can oea erace mnac secasnos n suocrc.ee,roes museoun soae ca eon a vaara mac.orsoee oose,ar me,use cno snean en moua ceo emmone.nseroe eonrseu,r eemaomenss n ooosonavreen.owever,s a searc w mueroes oeren szesn oreron an on ma carr ou esewo conc omaraeoeween e searcne re sumremoens. eauresrom un a s aescrve smo, aara macs oane removn smo’s aar e remanneaures caneounn annsanae areae ven un o a macecause some oeeaures oe searce smoaoe enera,s a anr noer uesro ecxn sam a m meo,ac aae. r seaar mcaec ssm ooans a nauraanuae exressonor, more acors wc areounn annsana e wen aroe conans a suse os s anoer exame o a suaeon wroeores ao sneaarc sm cao. conser a reosor wcoes no conan an sam ne on aara mac, e-en rue: "cas are anmas" e oe caeor "anma"u conans wouen c . searcor sames o “anma”, suc as "s an anma", ara macer "aannmaa" wne rereu ursnen a as a comroee oe m "asc anu an wmoau". renunrn "cas are anmas" as a en comeoe rescuee reosor conans,o erena searc cou ccornoeeacns osnvenon,r exame,e same "oms a ca". evereoenerence su-ssem so ara comosona maces are e mac canenerena ae mssn comonens necessaro comee ror soo arseoove mr,namrezeareae nu mn maer eca ree os. ceo.m., coonnenasnna m muueeaures arevener enne.or exame, wen searcnor aescr seoun enerence reosor sores one smo ve smo conann severaeaures,e enecaonae anneren conaa senanrc araorme sussaere o suessee oeaeuareusr,es, w raouer ceraannrneo a esmsemomeenesse oeasurnevsenromon scaveereeracreosr won maex reosor orrome newor.us, sou asoe noeaeaures wc are asom aarearaeroes. smoo noca neeo unero a semoc vercao e wn aescrve conannmaoremeronses os ussen,v wencon meas a a sma num-enr o sna. meas.nn caan, a se ^^^oroes sasacor macsoun,e sze oeroess reuc aes.en, no canaes.na,eroaes man c e, resunn aarer se o man e se oara maces ^^ ^^ mana coaneasnnven mae use. smo,as smoseonnoe reo sanae su-smos oe searce rec consuens oe sor woserec consuens are amone or examnsea,naee se saurc-s se emarc somse roe ssum s a ao cs.orom aernavearsns oe searce smo. nersecon o caeo onuncon orecaes or, euvaen, an comosee ^^norees s:e ^a^r = ^^ # … ^^ " ,^enere exs a comnaora numer o waso u-sm 6 os resu ascoe smo. exressonuerance o a naurraomanueauers ex ore sssmono, ass assuoscraaee, eoarr eexarme, we ccornoeeacns osnvenon, seeceara ma ns acaon. e reosor so asoneraeemnoe comos ces areneseno semocra anenerenara oe reoonara,eooocara,e ,o ane oese saes, consuenor ancessoorr re.axaon mae use, asene ^ ^ ^^ : an = m * u ∈ s 5 ^^ a ^ s ^ s a se - m moc coerencees on smo occurrencesromsnc maes..eaarcn caono c moue smosromsan-awa sessons reosorn senaercraenna esaem a m nee awn co.resec sam coons,a wnsc a aurera ee ornoa smosor wce orenerae rewrnacwar-cannn unoe reosor a user o avancee searc, erence noes, areen a searcoo. oo annvoese e reosorcs one oeoa smosrome searc aens onor somen oesoenoraoc semuroes o,n a s.mosnevnocaeorns reermurnnaee.s, we rceurneca reenosoerr m.ae are-exsnener reresenn annsanae smo sorene uon wcenveocnaeosno mnaro aceernuarev weas cearmen.anes r ceasuer,n anra anseernvaon oeoa smo assneoeerveoa smo an on serve smo ens urovseonaeners resovne curren man searcssrovsonaener con n crcaor ener vereo aermanen smo converen. soom aee crrmcuamnesnan ocnees, eveenroovusonasener o aerveoa smo mae wouee case,or exame, no crcaor resovne curren searcs more comac rerese eerve smos reconzeoe crcao aceve a unexeceecenaon o exsnnormaon or reresens a new vauae ome we weoo onoormaons oenaensa wen a vauae oecosn our norec reaer somen ese,e reosor ma smarn vauaenormaon a manee csrseuaee,ao u me eus ma oen se eneaarc er w. en cosmenaooernaa nau vreer oaree s neuamrcerr ooa smos momens osnvenon ma ocess. r naesssue a comnaon o meos. oa smos,e searcoosrorze manann an oreres oe mosromsn s s.or exame, annoaon areae smosescrve smosor a suec anmo arevenerrorane un-annoae suec smoecause one oe enonauon ssnnaco wroroauene neee aor seaawen smo marove crcanormaono resove econ,e semoc aona searces. oa smos.ne wa oonaesr ose reosorsrouoearnoe rann oe srucures.nee, a smo wc oveerroro reresenaves o semocnormaon ao reresens a semoc srucureseo comrse essena sorca ue semoc srucure wcaseen consoaenon as a resu oe enaee se cmororesc sonrucnur neo eveouo roenso.vse meennonueu eearre or,r seasr cconsorecannormaon ma o sawn aonaoa smo , woue nee searc er ex,oeres scomseo s seas ar. cce maes reoac ceomrsesrovsonsoermnaeve ue aseen maeorece searca a susana sze.o ensurea aes eor assocaeo aoa smo w rn aosse "recons", a searc cos vaues consuensw resecoec o srumnsa unoeoooca ausmens aeos rewrns aeo oan saoa smou. searce smo ane numer onerena saemense arreen consroemrerao coonmae corrsreoe,c-aasse,o reeresenaons, wereruenerae een exc exresse,ene as “rue” ase saemens wcave oane rencerocessescreeres exensae,as, resus o v ean osnuere ora mrnoeress,n aenren acseo soensc croemasee ae a cos an cane came as an exense. wower cos arevenerrorne s eoo onn a mac,oa smos unormn arecons. earcoo so asorece searcrocess oun an macoe currene moaan s semarco,oeo s reeaarccesro ance usnsm samnaeaerme snazee wouavn saus.avn conssenrorzeeoeses "coser"oe s w aa smo,e reosorroves a ceran "arness" orna searce on a mac. uaraneea aes eoraseen mae a n somememenaons,arnesss aceve aocan an ener amouno searc newso ana s consumns ener nos wn sac reons an weneneran nerena am sseo oos s c. roourasesoscsaeonnreorurecnan aroenaese ener or cos assocae w..xames onerena n c moe. oror rmeauesn n se exameseoscreseeow, snasn searc moeaso reerreo as reuess n nascancue aeas one ""ueson mar snas wou a "" are n annereunres ascove ne-r m wo so roew. oonse s a smean exceer ar oenerena noes wc canencue n cane aease on comua w arecaeow man more noes os anuae exress onaoc an one common semancs o naura...nerence noesoons. .ercsr ao nooseona smos means oe m s reresennenormaon eemen "casave aa" wroeroesn,onnaemu exaco marmoen s s sm omo wno: n omr, ee .us ,vcaa ^^eenor s,e a" s ccaa mes" oo,r" canca euss a orona "cs"u,s we scms ao ^^ # ⊂ ^^ + recae-ene # as" an ^^ + se .ur caereoercs"as aa". eemen: "ome ca noe rovn a reresenaon oenormaon "om". " means oe caeor same smosamecaeor"cas", s e noe "casave aa" conans aee-orwarnerena noe , wc caneeoro"cenu noe vrue oe common occurrence oe smoeeorwareans" nee. rennceu noe "res"ener saenesne a nnoneerence re srnease anonnee snmereona"on,e aa", wc mae aeo ascove mas eve r smooo.erouce noe ma causneu saomeeneo oer noesownsreamceromescoveroo an ma c oa emeseo omeern noseesroorrecan reacon. nerence, wc conss m a semoc coerenc ceceore execunene aove exam sn vernae meann oe sare smocaeor"cas" ureeecss ae no sameen,e rewreosennen noesuncaon. wc ece as n.s a concree a e caxaeor suse smo ^^ # ⊂ ^^ + , onerence noes ,, anwoacwar-cannme,osnwoee-orwar u-noe o wc n.s a concnreeere enxcaem noee esmo,es.nerence rue assocae weos smo ^^ ⊂ ^^ wc, onnu sn e sosm a memer o caeor ^^”,euces ^^: ^^ , # + a ^^ # : ^^ ,as, "ss mar, su-no # e emo + esaese, "uss a memer o caeor ^^ + ". enae eos smo ^^ # ⊂ ^^. cona ^^ # ⊂ ^^ + oowsrom ^^ # ⊂ ^^ # ^^+: ^^ , u-noe , wcs a + acwar-cann noe,rocessesueres oee u a -n s o , " e as r a ew m r em es er e o ^ u ^+ er ", ^^ w : ^^ c n se o e ^^ m : ^ e ^ mer v s r s u a e m o es e o os e caeor ^^+. ^^ annserse rewrenoa smo ^^: + ^^noe # sear smo ^^# ⊂ s + ae an waes u wen receves a res # ons coo en eners a wan e resonse ^^ ^^: ^^ e ^^ ^^ # : ^^romsown-sream newor. same caeor # reresens aervaon conann evence suorne u ^# raes smo ^^ # : ^^, wereenoes as o sameems.u-noe en ^ eervaon ^^ ^^#: ^^o aervaon ^^ ^^+: ^^ aenno eos smo e ⊂ uc ^ e ^+. o e e e m r e v m ao e n rs ^^ o ^^ ^ + ^ : ^^rovese evenceae sameems areoca ^^ ^^: ^^s e o e r ve n re an u u sr ue + . r ^^+: ^^senecareoe resove, ane resonse sna us + ream eam,ence enane resouon o an oeroa smo reresenu. n-n ao caeeor sraomcesese.s ae se "a"rcnero snm ooee s..m, anonnescaees smaoe ^ s^ + m: ^^o ^^ + : ^^s oerner s seuacrc ase ".ne sen oaec ^^ + ^:^ ^^e reonresnenso cuaeesons suc as "s ^^ a memer o ^^ + " or an eann omaeroos s sum-nooe ^^ ⊂ ^,^ ansn or ^^ + ". m , ounce s am resoosnsoesca rece revwerroemnasee one newor,s c a ^^s a memeorn # + ownsream evv eaer r ooen s a emn caoe e ^o^n r ^^ + e ^:^ ^v^e an creon u nacns usrea esem e. evoesnc semouno ^ w^ ⊂c ^^ su aorse cam ervaon receveromeowns + ream newo # + n ^^ ^^ # : ^^,e nerena. noeec, ws a scn reesoovne ssa amnne nuo rer e ^^. u # e:s ^^, sm,oo ^^s: ^n^reecermnaac-cann o sawn an a ona searc.s resonses sm e smo # , woue nee ^ ^#: ^^, wc e n s o e ener oeos noe e noe a e s r o e ^^#: ^^. ^^# ^^+ n : ^^ . rom , e e n oss an aee-orwaroen-oo noe aeuces e u rm s na na a ^ c ^+: - ^ c ^. ann noe s sown asen c snmeroen ^^ # a.neonerence noe ose smo vrueo onnecee sare n enerence newor comrsne noes an usrae ae- eer senarea sam wo ^^css rreawverrseen wo ^e^n: a ^^uer ^e^ + :n ^^er reenacceese noe ^^ # ⊂ ^^ + vrue o noe vrue + oe sare sm # o ^^ weres res noe anen reaces acwarse resovnervaon ^^ ^^: ^^ # = ^^: ^^ ove , wc ems eeervaon ^^ ^^: ^^ = ^^: ^ # # wcsen comne w ^^ # ⊂ ^^ + o s an exame, + a new # ^ + ^^ # ^^ + , wc resovese ornauer. noe , were ^^seor ose wou reurn aervaonor"ome ca" e ca # "ca" caeor an ^^s "om", wen searcnor an"anma" eaceoar ^"^c + a,s ar mee aannms oas"enuer"s an anma"enene smo ^^ + : ^^rom .ecs a noe oore , ^^ # ⊂ ^^ + . c aeores,osnwon e smo ^^ # ^^ + , reresenne unon owo ^ ^: ^^ or ^^ erena su-noe , wceuce ^^# ^^+: ^^rom eer ...o # nunc + v : e ^^. anecssu anncnveere sncme nos wcrocesses auer ^^: ^ oe ose smo-noe , ^^ = ^^ # … ^^ " , smos macn a conunc^o sne oenre sacmaees.s o s ao cuonunec noone o caaeore cso orrre esuovnaseno o,ne onsaen maaennosesrmee waaes suo “-samrse”euerone wcoes noae avanae oe sou os wc ma exsne reosor. ,,, oene nooreae su-noe comrses nesenerena noes ere are con eac consuen ^^ 7 oeos smo .ne exame sown, eae arrows.saucens , an conneceoeos noe vaamon- sna ^^: ^^ oese nese noes ,,,s enaeoorwar a rewren v er ne 7 se o no e e corre , son , n co w n a s s u u e n n s ^^ m re o so ^ v ^ 7 e , s a e c s o , rres , onn , re-w r r es e e n c u ve. ^ ^7 e : m ^^ s ^^a re re u m rn em n er e s or e ^ r ^ v . a n o c n e s a mo e n ^^ es ^^7 e : ^ 7 ^7, wcroves evenceae sam er e nerenc 7 e noe cacu 7 aeseners noes ,, are resove,e e rvaonsrom ^^ ^^: ^^o ^ econ ^^ = ^^ # … ^^ " an comnese e … ve ^^ n " c . eae sam # e # ems ^ ^ ^ ^ ^": e ^ o ^" n n o o eac e on e e rv o aon e ^ c ^ a ^ e ^: ^ o ^ re , s w ^^ 7 , c a rov s, e o s ^^ = e ^^ # conrmaan m, au semeo occc-ucroreenrceensc o c a secmsoe aroramveee s more avance emomenso aeoesn semrenoces n ao uenon o o cae.oress ^ s^r =uc ^^ura … smam ^^ae ,r m anoeanen e onn.eun s., exce searce smo ^^: ^^.e snaows asoue # smar " na seces a sca consereoe resove even o , exceaereenerena noeoes n one oe consuen nese noes reurns. ^ ^' e , x e s c s . n m co e u e sa mo a m r so e . s w e a arcor sa e m ea e e s s o , e , c. a c s o o u a e so ns e an e a a e e c e a s e u o - r smo re s c ^^7 s co muennonerenanoenersecon o an suse o caeores. caeores ra e earer, enance emomens searcor sames o conone se arsoan comnnneenen sames o eac caeor. ansanae suer-caoessoreoveane a anvannasaen oa aenno suasee c oa ceonorunecs, wveeererm esaces an venrnoaowoenr ounee arennncoeanons- waerreenae cea caeeoror s cmonou.nn annoae caeorarcaesn rouns o conunconerms, reucn ar con caneeaeroome semoc coerenc cecs. orescence an reucne neeor smn roun a sourre-csaoenornes, ooranseunrcomon esa oc c saueseor oes,n asna annnaoeaes cuaeors oane...ae sm ncveerms. wo caeo.os r samuserase:ss a,…o,sss aenm:em,e…n,aon o a-coumnae smo ^^ + comrsn wo-sorecae,escr , reerreo as coumnsns conex, an a or exame,ers cou ne reaonseweeneemsnewo coumns. as oas mn coue as onerne accounse secon coumns coue n e s r w e o n r c s anerecae couee reaons"seasswor o". ^ ^ ^^e an sm e,n o w e c sc r o e v e e r r s m o o a s e a , m can e e e u m se o o e ex r r s ac co n u o m r n m o aon e r a om e. e s a s e m .e s # n 6 euenoenerena noe ose e o cons ae smo vrue oe common enerano ^ an^ 6 . semeon ^^ ^^e , ^^sc wovecr r senrease ^^n 6 nsoe su re-anoones e,meo sue-noe reacs eweene sameem 6 ^^ 6 ans corresonn sameem ^^ erecae n some crcumsan 6 ces ma aroraeo sm 6 ne secon coumn. crcumsances, emomens osnv reurn ^^ ^^ 6 , ^^ 6 .n oer m ore accurae smo wc enon mae use oeucueroenerae a ^ ^ ^^ → ^^ ^^ urer secese orn oerecaeas sownn.: coe conss ormase aona avanae o amn a ver comac comosona en e rno oeners: oneoreucuer, oneoreae, an ar oneo ansucewo oreaesmo coornae. sou asoe noeaerecaon ne m are nonenera semanca euvaenevenoue are smar. rovee,s aeuocnea coonrmsr sanecs on a coeneoxssroemn wercreaeonre ocaeonre wacsa oona snem, wo.c consruceoseor s aeaen sme aor, caonr e axamrecea,e aowow onernnuere snnaas no comes crasnne m sumar sameems, ornu snasven s e...eaxener earc reuess. ^ ^# ^^ reer . enc e e c n s s e sameae smo ^^+ o . asenneo annu noe s r r n ea o an aroxmaon ^^^o a sameem ^^6 oeae. oane vaex seacnerenan,enoe ease arrowrom o , cane consuens are aowe searoc reeo wnn sa c soancsr suecarnc r ae moan.n cean nearae s sem woesr ^e^^ane ^^ 6 c aoccuoune,, worc exa cmoue,e seercene re arerssenmaeons a on emea sam aeresns a,nor exame, o annerne accoun numeror cou sme "on" an "onm"rom a seconme an...nerence noes rerese .. ure nn nauraanuae semancs nusc sms,,usraenerena noesoorwar anacwar cannor usr os annarcuarore "sn"recae.e mos comex exame,., ver,auess " rewaxeen" anner "ewncee wnusc exressons wourrammaca roessuec, ecs a nore"reosonarases. acors,or exame e ,ore exresson"snc" were anc arewo " an sme,u"carssnrance".u-noe acces annu oee"asn smos "c es"asnc".e secon su-noe, acces auer seenor . onane"nc an rewreseuerno auer seen smos "conane"n seneanc asseo ann eseounoe conanen an reurnse resu, wc o.-ro . reuasa rersae ee. nss so anm oe oecea semaanocess oo aeo vcearonre.caeo sru "-onooe".e s acmo conanmen reaon ^^^n: ^^ anrawse concusona ^^^o ces a "wen:nca",o.e smusoraes na oura.an wuace e rexressons oo:a ^^.ne an an aunc oc resenseme a wce "o" even cocnuarsn.ae, c sourr-ensooennonseoueseoune:r "w ^^^enre: ^^s, a re".reseen oun au reues oocaons wc smo ^^^n: ^^^wen:aer: ^^wc reresenseme oe cannese "asn aermec", wcoowsrom -consrane conanmen reaons :e searc o vanusore sua-naovne move mao re a onm aec. neweeneuern anerecaoro.euerasoa ann a-no asc uwar c coonmsousenons,sesnc weouenaernseocoen n moeeo a.e onewo corresonn uwar...ne summar onerenceroc memen.enuserraes an summarezesss ann a u cnomeoansenonseasc comonens useo mosnseanncera oe reosor. see exame aene reosor wc canarcaen annerenaervaon conver sns.-, reerreo asnerence-caae smos, n., are conanse onoer o wrr maoree emneo anennereernecneceo sus n-nooees .n seen eexraemnceeso os nnoereence s suu--nnooeessnsres.,e-. annnereernecnece s-uo-rnnoe sesm conoannerence rues wc, wene noes wncere cnacneroovs neo reesu arne enmoremaeon suo-n exoeceus aereen.eo oer noes an su-son canaears oos noes w nerence rues.remnar se canae manars .earc, m coaenerenanae: ecs a se o ar. nssn o an s one sucnae smos wnec me saoreoor “n anreorxemnaae”n saears oos noessoooorars o sscosure. are some consuensasescre eseweren r aersan canaesss are esaseoros noesor exame, e man ca wnraaee ssmo oosnese.n.,eos noe eonso are reerrnenoer aesnae unsreamso essas n noso eeeeween a. a cnaneaeow mnasrneamar o noes, wc oenaear,e usream noe conansarameer vau os noe enae an emee su-noe oeownsreamos noeses wc can ,s reerreo aseownsream emee noe a emee su-noe,s esaseeween an .enerence rue on anenoerenan , noes caeeownsream rue-asenerrn wnsream emee nnerence ses execue wen araensnreurcenocns . s seece anre, causn aownsr en oenerencerae.., evereoeownsream emee noeamnerence sna ownoe .eownsreamnerence sna e carre ae oer en oeraen wc are reureo armenaeeownsre searameer vaues oe su-noe .ne or moam rue-asenerencensrucons resuromsrn, wc are se re ouunerence-orn smos , mae seeceromeoo ann oneo oe manaeoo . aaerme,enerencer sraen mae seeceo connuee onsoceess. n ror examee case wereenerencen s aacwar-cannner aennceens suru-cnoones asre a r aecwuran re nworen w rousees.nnerensce ca rsuesrue-ase conan aoa smo ,enuownsreamo e,earameer vaues e ouuownsreamoa smo wenena smsore, w.cs wreno ase resoavcnwanrs-rcucanonnownsream emee noe urer conans rue- ouu u s o conver annuoa resouon esno an nserenaemra,oa resouon es. an senoeooere a wre seenverae onuuoswnrsreamoa smo wc areenerae seeceromeoo,en wraeno a secone.own asareearmmne,e one oese mae anevereourerownsrea rence sna neacwar cann mmoenerenane noes . sae une reure snas are, reeceveno reem raesnosun a “ wan” or “ seen” ase resovnnsrucon on rues e rue- e re ss.ensaens,erocess waes u an conasnonuone ruoeas resou aroen execuees,o, we ouu usreamoa sna . csevereacoe usreamos noe..un.cssceaneous nerencee.moorv enx an aunc comonenrom anusc exressons aorm oeucve " sawaramares", nucon no smua esso,"a , e csanuenauc"e.-eucerom . concusonem nuoser:nucerous reeae smar smose.., evens anners a "ucve.or exame: "mm w weennoo c cuurrcc o onunaa" "m weno cununaa" "m wen rc onunaa" e o curc onunaa" nuae acorsnuce"moesourc everuna",,,,. or examee r,oee o ro an acor nee nooe secen suaons weree conexenes. aec oor n s unamuous.mom“enas o”,”meenvoenoensenrvoae”euer:ner_roe_o ouc-nener_roe_o "rom" .. eower or ae roree oa n . smos, accnonroaneo caee eoe s racm es,no ess c. o, sucs ansvenosoen, aa rreeae smos suc asescrve consoaon,a anmoran roen se surom semoc srucure c sonuncons orecaes an smar conserucns ue. a.n,n semrseconn o cea seearocreso arn maecscersove camcuoaso cnonann mueeaures reucne neeor exensvenerena "vesonns.soseroor exameeoownuer anne con wexc on" caneer ca " om se nos ew mnov ones" rov.e. a seoru seossnoonec,ueera conans smos noe suc as o..owever,or more c r means o annerena muenerenaeraons ane omexueres,s srae ma reure sawne marne sea resun exonenaare numer ooa smos occurrences o e rco aa. ona,s necessaro vera mue roosona smveros s smuco ase.., ane sm aore com one.seamveoce v searmeca reoenre,n es wen "oose" ese smos were creae a vererenmes orsnc sourc eca noe ansereaa, ae serm sesoson.,e aeowvoe "ueearuress"en re asnove oes. recave meeaen consoae nersecon meoescre earer, woue neeor neern ns oe semoc vercaon: semoc srucure c erenceeraons or roosona smosrea sm eo snsoaon ane resun areaon o uncaon earcor comex smos means ore- uncaorne.- ausn emcaoonesucn ase emoe o. soue conrase wos- uncaone wor o rena ruesnoes suc as o..ereas wre- e unnsemoc coerence cecs anrnnoeer co-occurrn suacu aressor c,a weoroess- ournrecacoanesesason oena avearnnceeaanur recoren an areae smo one aeressuance oeuer, esor caeores orrecaess mar, annoae caeor wennerena noes suc as e acvae. caeor maeosseo a canesnaceu sonuoenscorrouresreosr c sounear-ncane ao croensu onceone oaure c naeeeoorre csons,u,e…n,susrouvmeon r,eax,…a,on a arnenn aenr aennnoaa seearc caeorus avone ennereseec,on an a aonrnoamew caoeuor con cosnuaenns asu osumeo ans r seu. aexar-coaneorroes, we uwarns o seconeree are use. so,eeaure ca veearen conunco eors a reaxe maceoe scosenn o nv eevnene on c o. an a suse o,,…, are conanen an annoae caeor,e nerenaeraonae avanae oe smo areaon reucne amoun o n concusnosn a,n sn ccoen cso-oucecnurr reenacxea ooneau mreesaanns o caaeroaresre a-nuncaon. conuncon orecaesseo reease, emomens osnermsn a co-occurrences soae cane rec mean venon reserese.. earc anneson o comosona exr s o comosona searc. smou comerosoansao eexnoreesso ^n^s ans o,n…e,sess or moao resnos menoe: ^^ ^^ # , … , ^^ " comrses a enoe ^^ wc maen an o severaoss uorm smo arumenssaso coe, sm ' oener.e sanar eormsexoaeorm, comosona comosona exres encoerescre earer, wcransorms a ones c sonno a coe-earn smo,s use emomenssnvenon exressonoo armes sos oeocon wsc.aa e r,xres s,cs eao u enms. eorm aenns oe arsunvenonnes a comosona eners=sene comosona coe,m,…e,nss arenese,oee concaenaneseenersusransormne c =,s,…,ssorme comose coe-earn smor,e resu omosona exressonno a rocesse e searcroceureso n comosecoe-earn smos aseoows annaz r comose smosescre earerna,e cosn soue noeesaenessnoens oone comosona exresson. as onesn a comosona roceures recursvenareasowne enesone r exressonnoeass onesns consuens,oowe smos aneoromwne ve ss seucmon ons co s, wmo ences esc eron naea m co neeo. eso carr oue searcaseorrma conann smos oesees. neson o an comosona exressons .. roxmramea m samcons ar aenen meosson orma smos reresens aaaonn arma sacasce onese smos.rma smo aae a ar e, suc as a numerca vaue, a caracer srn, or an resu o oraeore secc acaon aanaae, aeoracocaon,e aaasesmoos somca reen m rsea m osure aeme aasn sc, oo esec.. a snveecnaon uze secazeaa srucures an or exame, caracer srns are soren azeaa s searruccu arne sreoccecsasn aesornemosr ca cnareac usee. srns,eoracaa mae sore r oen smos sor n a aaase, ec. srucuress w enese secazeaa srucures, eac oeseaa soreoeerran aeec aa meemoara s srcuecnureer.acsese,n wac, aoewses s scmeonse ora scaems aereeoe cmoneamne an se aon smoenersaeno a memor scewc ma orecazeaa srucures an a recoror enr oe memor sce. ener, w exearmene,e arasr oneneer,e srsces_ce,_e,n scee_s an meexm aorre s somcee ames use as a smo sce_nex,enes a recor conanene sce ne seconneer, e orerns o wecn c sonmvenoesn areo creaees.e arreans a cornms.eacu smveo sosnaesee sce_nex secesseermnease onsesrn or numer, ec. an ,e arorae scenoe aro enurma smosnese aormns sonmoer w ea nme s ooce om. seen ss,ermna smos are searce means o onee enu s e ar, wcns an reurnse neares-neors o esme so. u es o neares-neors canroveeasso consruc,naze an ^ e^8em a ^^e e n s o n e a ^ ^ m se c ^ ^ o ne , neen o a wr r ees o c o -anne s a e n n oer o ^ s ^ r ^ o zo ^ n ^ a an sea ^^ rc se s ss e a m c a s x e m ar u c m re s o a n n s ce . r o o r m exam o a e n , nazese 8 sac searc reon 2 = ^^8 ^^oe armora ne oroo wc vaues o ^^ are o raus ^^oreon.ac searc reons w eren ome e omaonemens va cormnresse aa sraacme ser ^^. un anwoonsave asan earc reon ^^ 2 ^^ removnonsrom ^^. cereaeran ^^ were ^^s aracon o ^^,or exame, ^^ = samermas s somaceem ase as ursoeuu o orr a necreessaare som reores ceonns seers oor erxmama smosvnne o aurs ooorasaenn ra successon.euer ee se omesams emomens osnv :cusers use c enonorsurose.or exame: cuusseremeraure".",emeraure".",emeraure".".. roxmaee mrsarcnn"e oa n"o,srn"mea",srn"ea". xoenouesc samaos arnm cevrea mnun-r ooerm cma s semrm neroase avree sm ooseo ec ws -ooo noave a coeorm. acaons are oen ose.rmve smo wos arsenememenaons o rocesse accornoe meoescrenerev orma canenese an smo, one oeran, unesssroc ous secon.rmve non-rma ane on wao comareo o esse,s vewe e reosor as a "ac-ox" ereore, emom er smoss means osow-eve reresenaon. rma smo eer sens oescosenvenon manes aresrmve non- means osow-evea revnresen waooun wercor cmoun ane, soerarncs,a onrce,es ma-se seaurecnceo.r a mac aseconare-vaue ma coue useo assocaese o smoso as- eners.soreroooca reaonss w oer smos,ese canener or exame, we asssance o a user or exerna aen, rouce, aaerm eer aeme oneson or a nvenonoe. enecoeernerraaens aorrmmvneo s am comonosoe reosor, emomens os wose consuens comer ona exresson or a coe-earn smo seconsaveescre meomoseo "vroacnasuoramr"r omeve re coasracorer. sorrn exsa rmeree,senrevnou ns anuae exressonsno comosona exressons.er a- aura e exer oc encoers maerove n enna acaon uzne reosor. ereore conscoermve smosca assne asnc smoener ans e cosnaere asnc smorome ornarmve smo. urn a seear ecxseoraaseon oese memorrane vcn o annu smocarre ou sanu smo.e zero, one or morensanae smosra noes macn one macesoun muarnnoae o searceosa-ssee,a arsco c wosenera as neews roec moare a ane ncewso sn,maose reenosoerr s.oue creaeo saveenu smoas,onsanaene mmeaeur renurnee se,a arnc no naseew a r secnoreso corea meac.,s ooun,ens smoeners oo mac exss,enu smos sa ne conrar,seermnea no n some emomen ve, ans new creaeeners reurne. ase areere s, mue mac canae smosounurne searc acaon, wose mnaeeonero uvsere oere aeancwoce c roeuoseor aos esvau eaxnernae o mr raemcoe reuesne reosoro es or e semoc su exene searc. aene ssem ma asoerouoear,or exame,resennoe soae asoenr o maa sse uesca oers susemeso acaosn ssm ano s uesmaoecse srucures oeoun maces, cororoesmonnsoe moconaes.. r currennene meann. nese,encousoers semveermaorassrooam anre, u wsecusorecaarere reere everme a smos nesons.ome oeseassescreeow ar osoroorcomn consoaon eor wcs oe ear o an overa onon reosor mos carre o nnaeurn searc orneson o annu smous roomun os renae,eewoe soemnenerroaccesvsees senssowonns, a ws cureaoe ssemsn a wan sae.roomnass: n ose sene ar. runnesrconaereenscee noeese, carsnese smonnanrorzn, oranzn, ouce aave neoreansrmora aave neoroos, an uan coemveoress “euner”e nno eao nse o orw o ooorer no se.ures .,eorsen crnea an omznnerenaas reaxe searces wc ma c e aer se-unons an exensve savee resus oaron caancu reauonnsanneo mnes uca morra orn caceso reuce eonn o comuaona wor comares aunre maae,e w recosroera co snmanse ssmnoess wonc o aa nveew arreeas smeenoarwse reures an comuaonoe comareo ever oer a new smo one wee reosorsn a see sae memorze smocaneone ..nesonerorm aea comuaons suc as crean annnnerena noes. s o ex suan-sem earoesr,eesnrees-uonn ocaon ou,nenera, means o a ane searcor a comose smos carre consss o a se ura oroes eac comrsn a se o ancesors. aroe e sea orec consuens,en an exac macoeroees a su-smo o =,rcee swmoo sm wocseonsoe reosoror exame,e=,, an smo o. ,s us we as co ansroueens,, an, resecve:s a su- eoun amone smosnsanae wnene searcnor,ene su-smo ma enesromn,eurrne-unec saeaorcn o, a suos-es cmonso w reo uencs s wsor acr.ea connasnaenaneene reosor onseror examee smo ^^ ^^: ^^ anowsnese a snu- ssemo. accornoeeacn aove.oea ^^ # ^^ + s a su-smo oe sear arce ^^ # ^^ + : ^^rs w,ce s reur-essmenos ^^e re ^^caso un # se o + ase a cornounec anon a o mae ce smo cwoor caeores. reosor.s searc succees, # ann + sanae smo s searcene enoe ^^ # ^^# ccor ^^ + s oane woseeners n. oeeacns oenveno en ^^+ er sn ^^ es ^ e ^, n en o a e s re e o c s ac o u r a .neson o ^ n ^# , ^^+ e , s n ea a rc a on ov o ea e s, n e a s s u m -s o mo areae s # mo + s wcncueoon a os aave neoroo, wc ca conan coeren conexn wcewo caeon.ac oese areae smosroves a neoroo o ^^ ^^ ma c resaveeenre-une.or exame,e aave ss sear # ce + as a meonanarer conuncons wc conano an. a r # eaxe + searce,e s mer oe caeor weener ^^ # ^^ + . carrn ^^ ^^ wce a, aosv nearcs exeneo caeoresounne aave neoroo o eo see eareore,s m nao conanarer conuncons. oa cononn searae smos com come u w mac, an aems maeoue s earces are carr nromeren conexsos-uncaon.earae a oe oue aorov ^e^#: s ^^ an ^^+: ^^asone enerence noe . saem earae searcesor ^^#: ^^ an ^^+: ^^ succee,enwo succeeesn,sennsnc conexsaveeenounoueoa neer oem ou eoa muse comoserom scracc on one succees,eramen comnoss coomn.ee w aresuermurom scrac anenneoe new ..roecemeorvmaenonss o reasnvvsencoceeas e areec on rear a smos asavn a varae meann uness eacmea orcecursone anavarrcauna.r coenreexor.e, am samr,ose vreuse-va w a meann on wenan suc ase saemen " rans",s rea ue o aroosona smo, nerena smos su reoeeenen one conexn wc occurs. meann anru-vaue.or ecxa ams, "e,a "sa cvaes aaave", aa." m asoavaeveo a ceonreeax-ee aenen asen a conex conann a ca woasossan an accen sen ncuenn suea saomnse w conereex a a ssa "eamesna svuec a aas "", eamreomeen caa.s noa" wereoe o curee conraconn one oosse s osnvenonroveoos a mare cone wasor exame rove as oxr ausncoeren "asa -vaue assnmens wc curee conraconor exame cve aona"es coansecnar semso nson coa a e coc. exame, weaner nc-reconcer,enucrom,o oan,or "ares a ca", "eanrcee ruea ws noca a" an on "aosr "ave acaa" c"a coeuor a meemoenrs.or exame, reconcer ane rue "areas noa" coueuce en a conc acua means "ca casave aa".suc romoe a wea rue wc oerwo e rue wouene coeren we n soaeerm seonus. renerree as "aon woueouc "ares a ca", wc wouene oca coeren res an aca ca". .e so a mnsr oee sra "oores m ex"a amnecaee soosm reresene e smos ,, o. enera, eac smo’s meann cour v"caars"rom oc ocnuer owcccuerrennceesoeere oe semr.o as an,n aen, wn aarcuar conex,eermnesae me user or an sameor sucen smar,ene sosm w anns oesewo smose ,, coueueoeerno a coouerene vaae aneree smos erve , "rom",, , areae: eucon,, . or s consueen:se arnvero avnes: ae conucexonua sucoeerse m.a. ae c eoxercenreamoerm wa rena woncseeween m coeaenrenns. o occurrences o a consuens an recursve su-consuenss consraneoe saemenurermore,eseuersurne sanaone saemen no a reave consseno w ce croec nn e sr ax anrces aaree ase,c saurces e. ase su oca oo error rvao,e nsro s revae sueme nen n s. ccroeaes wnnar wercoca arceaaees, an users areveneo coereno ss o suervse anoss correc auomac ou aouccaonesr.vaon ma neeoenvaae semoc uncaons noosse, even mereemscsaese aroern"mvceu"a, " vas c.cora exeame, consere scr: samecaeor"mce " "errs cc ","err" e aou aamous mu racoae" useroe "n nnv-a,, mouasee" n sammeo"eerru"c aonn,e,reo ornerounae usernows occurrences oe smocaeor"mce"aveerene m ceoanncnuse.sea anoewo as names comuer mouse "e er user wo us,escose reosrr" wou conser va. o conrmae necessar coeorern ma soce useror moreenera a semoc maser searcaseconroenerence.c exss aonenerenceas exoreurne correc, cmomens osnvenon aow userso memorze, oranze, re-oranze, uae, oranzauornaae, sc anem reesr.eveer ownersonanormaon usner ownermnoo an ,a.o,-.,.eannear,.ara,,.ers.onanoweeras:esearcena. ersonaanoow,e.,erza,., aevean,.. ,une.eor oneorso on a ras a . orum,o.,o.. ers,w.a,.,.,nuo,.oc,...,aaeann.. assacuses.ono zee,..noweeras.amre, onoa,.,ne,snsearna.n:on,e.,ress. .noweeaseo eou,.,enear,.,ucane,..r use,.,orv,.,rersaovnsa,.norma.onrcanaanemeene.nce: aoer.non,rrance. es.aever,:r oac.r ucane,.en.ceea n. orso.s eeo moveeonrs.roceens oeexor' eumo,n,.,orua:.amos,.ore,.aaes.. now on,.,aznews,.,ucane,. ,uus.acnenaaeae:reaon anuraon oomreensvenoweeases.ounaons anrensneenusses.caon-as ocer.n,a.e . r e d ru manenance ssem .usseorv.rca e enonn.semcoc weeases.
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