RELATED APPLICATION/S

This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 USC §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63233779 filed 17 August 2021, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 USC § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63296168 filed 4 Jan. 2021, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to a system for removable forms for cast in place concrete and, more particularly, but not exclusively, to a modular tube system for tie rods and hole seals.

When pouring concrete slabs with removable forms (e.g., when building walls of large buildings), tie rods (e.g., DYWIDAG bars) are passed through the concrete to hold the forms in place while tire concrete is poured and hardens (e.g., standard tie rods made of rebar which includes notches or projections along their length). In order to remove tire rods after the wall is finished, the tie rods are encased in tubes, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes with removable end pieces (such as cones). The tubes sit between the removable forms and the concrete is poured between the forms around the tubes When the slab has dried, the tie rods and the removable end pieces are removed, and the tube remains embedded in the hole through the wall.

However, this process requires that the tubes be cut to size, which is timeconsuming, and the sizes may be inexact causing problems (if too short, cement enters the tube making it difficult to remove the rods, and if too long then the form will be bent, and the slab will not be flat or even). Additionally, maintaining a stock of standard sized tubes for different slab thickness would require a huge number of different size tube in stock and delivery of the correct sizes on demand to each part of the project which is logistically challenging.

Further, after removing the tie rods from slab the end pieces must be removed from the slab. This can be a very tedious job requiring a crew of workmen to go from hole to hole on both the inside of the slab and on the outside (possible requiring a cherry picker when the slab is elevated). Various tools exist to make this easier, but again supplying (and recovering) each workman with a specialized tool to remove cones at the proper time is logistically challenging

In addition, the holes after the tie rods and end pieces have been removed need sealing. This is currently done by cementing a cap onto the hole, which is a timeconsuming process and requires equipping the workers with gluing equipment. Other solutions exist, but again they require specialized equipment for each worker.

Therefore, there remains a need for a system of tie rod covers and end pieces which may be easily adjusted to fit any required slab dimension, are rapidly and easily removable, and which may easily seal the holes left behind, without the need for specialized equipment.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Some embodiments of the invention are herein described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. With specific reference now to the drawings in detail, it is stressed that the particulars shown are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of embodiments of the invention. In this regard, the description taken with the drawings makes apparent to those skilled in the art how embodiments of the invention may be practiced.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a modular tube system with end cones in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 2 is a cut away view of a modular tube system with end cones in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of a modular tube system with end cones and a spacer in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 4 is a cut away view of a modular tube system with end cones and a spacer in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 5 is a perspective view of a modular tube system with end cones and multiple spacers in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 6 A is a side view of a modular tube system with end cones in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. Figure 6B is a cut away view of a modular tube system with end cones in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 6C is a cut away view of a modular tube with an end cone in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 6D is a cut away view of a modular tube with an end cone in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention

Figure 7A is a perspective view of an end cone in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 7B is a bottom view of an end cone in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 7C is a side view of an end cone in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 7D is a cut away view of an end cone in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 8 is a cut away view of a modular tube with seal in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention

Figure 9A is a side view of a seal in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 9B is a cut away view of a seal in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 9C is a perspective view of a seal in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 9D is an expanded cut away view of an O-ring of a seal in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 10A is a side view of a hollow plug, in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 10B is a top view of a hollow plug, in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 10C is a cut away view of a hollow plug, in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 11A is a side view of a pin in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. Figure 1 IB is a side view of a pin in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 11C is a perspective view of the top (proximal end) of a pin in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 1 ID is a cut away view of a pin in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure HE is a cross-sectional view of a pin in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 12 is a tube with a two-part seal in an uninstalled state in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 13 is a tube with a two-part seal in an installed state in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 14 is an illustration of two-part seals (in an installed state and an uninstalled state) in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 15A is a cut away view of a pin and plug in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 15B is a side view of a pin in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 15C is a perspective view of a pin partially inserted into a plug, in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 15D is a perspective view of a pin inserted into a plug, in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 16A is a cut away view of a pins and plugs partially and fully inserted into a hole in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 16B is a side expanded view of a pin and plug inserted into a hole in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 17 is a flow diagram illustrated a method of encasing a tie rod in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 18 is a flow diagram illustrated a method of encasing a tie rod in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 19 is a block diagram illustrated a tie rod casing in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. Figure 20 is a now chart illustration of a method of removing end caps in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 21 is a flow chart illustrating encasing a tie rod and sealing a hole in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 22 is a flow illustrating sealing a hole in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 23 is a block diagram illustrating a system for encasing a tie rod in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 24 is a flow chart illustrating sealing a hole in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 25 is a flow chart illustrating sealing a tube in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 25A is a perspective view of a pin in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

Figure 25B is a close-up perspective view of a pin in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, there is provided a system to encase a removable tie rod including: two end cones; and a first tube and a second tube; each of the first tube and the second tube having an inner end and an outer end, the outer end of each of the first tube and the second tube configured to attach to an inner end of an end cone of the two end cones, and the inner end of the first tube configured to connect to the inner end of the second tube.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the system further includes a spacer, a first end of the spacer configured to attach to the inner end of the first tube and a second end of the spacer configured to attach to the inner end of the second tube. According to some embodiments of the invention, the system further includes a spacer, a first end of the spacer configured to attach to the outer end of the first tube and a second end of the spacer configured to attach to an end cone of the two end cones.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the first and second tubes are interconnected by a male-female connector. According to some embodiments of the invention, the first and second tubes are interconnected by clips.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the first and second tubes are connected to at least one spacer by male-female connectors.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the first tube and the second tube are connected to at least one spacer by clips.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the end cones attach to grooves, notches, protrusions or threading on the tie rod.

According to some embodiments of the invention, removal of the tie rod from a concrete slab removes at least one of the end cones.

According to some embodiments of the invention, a hole in the concrete slab resulting from removal of the tie rod and is sealed by at least one of a simple seal, a button seal, a two-part seal and a multi -part seal.

According to some embodiments of the invention, all or part of the seal is brightly colored.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, there is provided a method of encasing a removable tie rod including: inserting the tie rod into a first tube; connecting the first tube to a second tube; attaching a first end cone to the first tube and a second end cone to the second tube; and clipping the first and second end cones to the tie rod.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further includes attaching at least one spacer to the first tube.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the attaching of at least one spacer is between the first and second tubes.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the attaching of at least one spacer is between an end cone the first tube.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the connecting of the first and second tubes is by a male-female connector.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the connecting of the first and second tubes is by clips.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the clipping of the first and second end cones is to at least one of grooves, notches, protrusions or threading on the tie rod. According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further includes pouring concrete into a form around the tube encased tie rod.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further includes waiting for the concrete to dry.

According to some embodiments of the invention, removing the tie rod from the concrete removes at least one of the end cones.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further includes sealing a hole in the concrete resulting from removal of the tie rod and end cones.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the sealing is by at least one of a simple seal, a button seal, a two-part seal and a multi-part seal.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further includes ensuring that all holes in the concrete are sealed by visual inspection and by using seals which are brightly colored.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, there is provided a two- part seal for sealing an opening including: a hollow plug having an open end and a closed end configured to fit into the opening; and a pin configured to fit at least partially into the open end of the plug, wherein driving the pin into the plug seals the plug into the hole.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the hollow plug is made from an elastomeric material.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the pin includes at least one of grooves, notches, protrusions and threading on an outer surface thereof.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the hollow plug assumes a shape of the pin on installation in the opening.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the two-part seal further includes a gasket or O-ring.

According to some embodiments of the invention, a top of the pin covers an entrance to the opening partially or completely.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the opening is sealed hermetically by the two-part seal.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the two-part seal further includes matching interference element on an inner surface of the plug and two-part outer surface of the pin, the matching interference elements configured to retain the pm in the plug after the driving.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the two-part seal further includes matching interference element on an inner surface of the plug and two-part outer surface of the pin, the matching interference elements configured to retain the pin in the plug before the driving.

According to some embodiments of the invention, all or part of the pin is brightly colored.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, there is provided a method for installing a two-part seal in an opening including: placing a tip of a hollow plug in the opening; inserting a pin into the hollow of the hollow plug; and forcing the hollow plug and pin deeper into the opening.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the forcing includes pushing or hammering a top of the pin inserted into the hollow plug.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, there is provided a method of sealing a hole left from a removable tie rod in a concrete slab; encasing the tie rod in a casing before forming the slab; removing the tie rod from the slab and leaving the casing in the slab; inserting a plug into the casing.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the casing includes a first connector on an inner surface thereof and further including attaching the plug to the first connector.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the attaching include interconnecting the first interference element to the matching interference element.

According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention, there is provided a system for sealing a hole left in a concrete slab by a removable tie rod including: a casing for the tie rod embedded in a concrete slab; a plug configured to attach to the casing.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the casing includes a first connector on an inner surface thereof and the plug is configured to attach to the first connector.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the system where the first connector includes a first interreference element and the plug includes a matching interference element. According to some embodiments of the invention, the plug includes an O-ring. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and/or scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of embodiments of the invention, exemplary methods and/or materials are described below. In case of conflict, the patent specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be necessarily limiting.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to a system for removable forms for cast in place concrete and, more particularly, but not exclusively, to a modular tube for tie rods and hole seals.

OVERVIEW

An aspect of some embodiments of the current invention relates to a system for removable forms for cast in place concrete. Optionally, the system may comprise modular tubes. Optionally, the system may comprise end cones. Optionally, the system may comprise one or more spacers. Optionally, connecting one or more spacers to the modular tubes may increase the length of the tube to provide any required length. Optionally, the system may comprise hole seals. For example, with a small number of different pieces one may be able to assemble encasement for a variety of standard slab thicknesses. For example, the system may include two kinds of tubes (e.g., one kind of spacer and/or one kind of end cone) and/or one kind of tube, one kind of spacer and one kind of end cones.

Optionally, the modular tubes may encase a tie rod. Optionally, the tie rod may comprise rebar. Optionally, the rebar may have grooves, protrusions and/or threading e.g., DYWIDAG bars. Optionally, a modular tube may attach to the grooves, protrusions and/or threading of the tie rod. Optionally, an end cone may attach to the grooves, protrusions and/or threading of the tie rod. Optionally, the modular tube may comprise a connector. Optionally, the spacer may comprise a connector. Optionally, the end cones may comprise connectors. Optionally, the connectors may allow the modular tubes, spacers, and/or end cones to connect to each other. Optionally, the connectors may be male-female joints. Optionally, the connectors may be clips.

Optionally, the tie rod may be removed from the tube once the poured concrete surrounding the tube has dried. Optionally, removing the tie rod may remove the tube attached to it. Optionally, removing the tie rod may remove the end cones attached to it. Optionally, the system and/or parts thereof may be removed by pushing the tie rod through either side of the hole. Optionally, no specialized equipment is required to remove the tie rod and/or end cones from the wall. Optionally, the openings to the holes may be sealed after the tie rod and end cones have been removed. Optionally, the openings may be sealed with a plug, seal, two-part seal, button seal, etc. Optionally, the seal may be hermetic.

SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

Before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not necessarily limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of the components and/or methods set forth in the following description and/or illustrated in the drawings and/or the Examples. The invention is capable of other embodiments or of being practiced or carried out in various ways.

An aspect of some embodiments of the current invention relates to a system for encasing tie rods holding removable forms for cast in place concrete. Optionally, the system may be used to encase one or more tie rods which may be passed through a space of a concrete slab to hold a removable form in place while the concrete is poured and hardens. For example, the concrete forms may define a space where a concrete slab is to be poured. For the sake of the following disclosure, the word slab will refer to a conventional slab and/or any other concrete object formed in a framework. For example, the framework may include two removable forms. Optionally, the system may lie between the removable tie rods 104 and the concrete, which may be poured into the framework (herein, the framework may be referred to as a mold) and/or form around the tubes. Optionally, when the concrete slab 1402 has dried, the tie rods 104 and/or removable end cones may be removed. Optionally, the tube may remain embedded in a hole 1404 through the concrete slab 1402. In an embodiment, the system may comprise of two end cones, one or more modular tubes and/or one or more spacers. Optionally, a tie rod 104 may be slid into a preprepared system. Optionally, the system may be prepared on site.

In an embodiment, the system may be prepared as follows: a first end cone 102 may be connected to the proximal end of a tie rod 104; the distal end of the tie rod 104 may be slid into a modular tube 106 which may be slid towards the proximal end of the tie rod 104 until the distal portion of the end cone 102 is in contact with and/or attached to the proximal end of the modular tube 106; a spacer 302 may be slid onto the distal end of the tie rod 104 and then slid towards the proximal end of the tie rod 104 until it is in contact and/or attached to the distal end of a modular tube 106 and/or end cone 102; optionally, one or more spacers 302 may be slid onto the tie rod 104 as required to form a tube system that spans the space between the removable forms (e.g., thickness of the slab); a second modular tube 107 may be slid onto the distal end of the tie rod 104 until the proximal end of the second modular tube 107 is in contact with and/or attached to the distal end of the first modular tube 106 and/or the one or more spacers 302; and a second end cone 102 may be slid onto the distal end of the tie rod 104, until it is in contact with and/or attached to the distal end of the second modular tube 107 and/or spacer 302.

Alternatively or additionally, the system may be used without spacers. For example, a single modular tube 106 and/or a pair of modular tubes 106, 107 may be used, e.g., the thickness of the slab may be short enough to be spanned by two end cones 102 and a single and/or pair of modular tubes 106, 107.

In an embodiment, the system may comprise modular tubes 106. Optionally, the system of modular tubes 106 and 107 may fit over a tie rod 104. Optionally, the system may comprise a pair of modular tubes 106, 107. Optionally, the modular tubes 106 may comprise grooves, notches and/or threading on the inner surface 105, the outer surface or both. Optionally, each modular tube 106, 107 may comprise an inner end 103a, 103b respectively and an outer end 101. Optionally, a first modular tube 106 may connect to a second modular tube 107. For example, a female connector on an inner end 103a of a first modular tube 106 may connect to a male connector on an inner end 103b of a second modular tube 107. The connection 108 between the inner ends 103a, 103b may be held by friction. Alternatively or additionally, a first modular tube 106 may clip onto and/or into a second modular tube 107 to connect the two tubes. Optionally, one or more modular tubes may comprise grooves and/or protrusions which may allow them to connect to each other.

Optionally, the inner and/or outer surfaces of the modular tubes 106 or 107 may be smooth. Alternatively or additionally, each modular tube 106 may comprise one or more connectors 108. Optionally, the connectors may include clips. Optionally, the connectors may be male-female joints. Optionally, each modular tube may comprise a male end and/or a female end. For example, there may be a pair of tubes 106, 107. The first tube 106 having a female connector on an inner end 103a thereof and/or the second tube 107 having a male connector on an inner end 103a thereof. Optionally, the female connector of the first tube 106 attaches to the male connector of the second tube 106. Optionally, to form a longer system (e.g., to traverse a thicker slab) a spacer may be added. For example, a spacer may fit between the two tubes 106, 107 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 3). Alternatively or additionally, a spacer may fit between atube (e.g., an outer end 101 of tube 106) and an end cone (e.g., cone 102)

In some embodiments, the system may comprise one or more spacers 302. Optionally, the spacer 302 may comprise one or more connectors. Optionally, the connectors may include clips, interference elements, a friction connector etc. Optionally, the connectors may be male-female joints. For example, spacer 302 includes a male end 303b and a female end 303 a. For example, the female inner end 103a of a first modular tube 106 may connect to the male end 303b of a spacer 302, the female end 303a of the spacer 302 may connect to the male inner end 103b of a second modular tube 107. Optionally, this may be repeated with multiple spacers. Optionally, each spacer may comprise grooves and/or protrusions which may allow it to connect to another spacer 302 and/or a modular tube 106 or 107. Optionally, connecting one or more spacers 302 to the modular tubes 106 or 107 may increase the length of the tube to provide a desired length (e.g., by changing the number of spacers, the system may transverse standard thickness slabs) e.g., in a jurisdiction where standard slabs are 200mm, 250mm, 300mm, 350mm, 400mm thick, the system may sizes of a pairs of tubes may be 190 mm with an overlap of 10 mm at the connection 108 and/or each cone 102 may have a length of 30 mm with 20 mm fitting into the end of the outer end 101 of the tube 106, 107 such that the system of the overlapping pair of tubes 106, 107 with two cones has a total length of 200 mm (e.g., as illustrated in FIGs. 1 and 2). For example, each spacer 302 may have a length of 60 mm with an overlap of 10 mm on either side such that the system of two cone 102, two tube 106, 107 and a spacer 302 and two joints (each having a 10 mm overlap) may have a length of 250 mm (e.g., as illustrated in FIGs. 3 and 4). Similarly, an exemplary system with two tubes 106, 107, two cones 102, two spacers 302 and three joints would have a length of 300 mm. Similarly, an exemplary system with two tubes 106, 107, two cones 102, two spacers 302 and three joints would have a length of 300 mm. Optionally, some overlap may occur between the various components at the connection site.

In some embodiments the spacer 302 and/or the tube (106, 107) may include a sealing ring 307. For example, the sealing ring may help seal between the concrete and the tube 106, 107 and/or between the concrete and the spacer 302 e.g., to prevent air and/or water from leaking across the slab around the tube 106, 107 and/or the spacer. In some embodiments the sealing ring may prevent the tube 106, 107 and/or the spacer 302 from being pulled out of the slab. Optionally, the outer surface of the tube 106, 107 and/or spacer may be made rough to grasp the concrete and/or prevent it from being pulled out.

In an embodiment, the system may comprise one or more end cones 102. Optionally, the end cones 102 may comprise an outer conical section 602 and/or a neck 606 and/or a gripper 604. Optionally, the neck 606 may connect end cones 102 to the outer ends 101 of the modular tubes 106, 107. For example, the neck 606 may include a male connector that fits into a female connector at the outer ends 101 of the tubes 106, 107. Optionally, friction between the neck 606 of end cone 102 may and the outer end 101 of tube 106, 107 may retain the end cone 102 connected to the tube 106, 107. Alternatively or additionally, the neck 606 of the end cone 102 (and/or the outer end of the tube 106, 107) may comprise a friction and/or interference element.

In some embodiments, end cones 102 include a gripper 604 configured to reversibly grip the tie rod 104. Optionally, the gripper 604 may include a friction connector, a clip, clasp, pin, fastener, staple, an interference element etc. Optionally, the gripper 604 and/or the neck 606 may resist longitudinal movement but may allow movement with force. Optionally, some overlap may occur between the various components at the connection sites. For example, in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 7, gripper 604 includes 3 opposing flexible fingers that grasp the tie rod from 3 opposing sides. Alternatively or additionally, there may be 2 fingers and/or 4 fingers grasping from opposite sides and/or 5 fingers etc.

Alternatively or additionally, a spacer may fit between an outer end of the tube 106, 107 and the connector of the end cone (e.g., the spacer may include an inner end that is similar to the connector of the outer end 101 of the tubes 106, 107 that is similar and/or end cones 102 to connect to each other.

In an embodiment, an end cone 102 may be grip grooves, protrusions and/or threading of a tie rod 104. Optionally, the tie rod 104 may comprise rebar. Optionally, the rebar may have grooves, protrusions and/or threading e.g., DYWIDAG bars. Optionally the end cones 102 may he flush with the surface of the concrete slab 1402. Alternatively or additionally, the end cones 102 may protrude from the concrete slab 1402.

In an embodiment, all or some components of the system may comprise of a thermosetting polymer, e.g., polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), etc. Optionally, one or more regions of the components may be reinforced, e.g., by thickening, etc., such as the connector regions. Optionally, the modular tubes 106, spacers 302 and/or end cones 102 may comprise a thermosetting polymer which is between about 1 to 3 mm thick, and/or between about 3 to 5 mm thick, and/or between about 5 to 10 mm thick.

In an embodiment, cone ends 102, modular tubes 106, 107 and/or spacers 302 may be standard lengths. Optionally, cone ends 102 and/or modular tubes 106 and/or spacers 302 may be connected to be an exact fit for some or all standard concrete slab

1402 thicknesses. Optionally, a modular tube 106 may be between about 1 to 10 mm long, and/or between about 10 to 20 mm long, and/or between about 20 to 30 mm long, and/or between about 30 to 40 mm long, and/or between about 40 to 50 mm long, and/or between about 50 to 60 mm long, and/or between about 60 to 70 mm long, and/or between about 70 to 80 mm long, and/or between about 80 to 90 mm long, and or 90 to 100 mm long, etc. Optionally, a spacer 302 may be between about 1 to 10 mm long, and/or between about 10 to 20 mm long, and/or between about 20 to 30 mm long, and/or between about 30 to 40 mm long, and/or between about 40 to 50 mm long, and/or between about 50 to 60 mm long, and/or between about 60 to 70 mm long, and/or between about 70 to 80 mm long, and/or between about 80 to 90 mm long, and or 90 to 100 mm long, etc. Optionally, a cone end 102 may be between about 1 to 10 mm long, and/or between about 10 to 20 mm long, and/or between about 20 to 30 mm long, and/or between about 30 to 40 mm long, etc. For example, if the total length of the assembled tube (two parts) with cones on each end is the minimum slab thickness (such as 150 mm) each half of the tube may be 70 mm with a 10 mm overlap, and each cone may be 10 mm. If each spacer is 50 mm, then once spacer would be needed for a 200 mm thick slab, two spacers for 250 mm thick slab, etc.

In an embodiment, the tie rod 104 may be removed from the tube once the poured concrete surrounding the tube has dried. Optionally, removing the tie rod 104 may remove the tube attached to it. Optionally, removing the tie rod 104 may remove the end cones 102 attached to it. Optionally, the system and/or parts thereof may be removed by pushing or pulling the tie rod 104 through either side of the hole 1404. Optionally, a tie rod 104 may be pulled proximally out of the hole. Optionally, the tie rod 104 may pull out the proximal end cone out of the proximal hole 1404. Optionally, the tie rod 104 may slide out of the distal end cone 102, leaving the end cone 102 in place. Optionally, a worker may push a piece of rebar and/or the tie rod 104 into the hole 1404. Optionally, pushing the tie rod and/or rebar through a near end of the hole such that the distal end of the tie rod 104 is pushed out of the far side of the modular tube system may push out the far end cone 102. Optionally, no specialized equipment may be required to remove the tie rod 104 and/or end cones 102 from the wall. Optionally, the end cones 102 may be designed with a gripper 604 that catches one or more notches and/or protrusions and/or threading on the tie rods 104. Optionally, a tie rod 104 may pass into an end cone 102 easily but may require significant force to pull the tie rod 104 out through the end cone 102. Optionally, one or more end cones 102 may be removed from the concrete slab with removal of the tie rod 104. For example, a worker may pass only on one side of the concrete slab 1402 (e.g., the inside of the concrete slab which may be easier to access e.g., from inside a building) and may push the tie rod 104 outward pushing the far side end cone out of the concrete slab 1402 and then pull the tie rod 104 back pulling the nearside end cone out of the concrete slab 1402. Therefore, a worker may easily remove both end cones 102 while standing on one side of the wall without any special tools using the tie rod 104 itself (and/or optionally a longer piece of rebar) as a tool.

In an embodiment, the openings or holes 1404 resulting from removal of the tie rod 104 may be sealed after the tie rod 104 has been removed. Optionally, the hole 1404 may be sealed with a plug, seal, two-part seal, button seal, etc. Optionally, the seal may be hermetic. Optionally, different types of seals 802 may be used for different types of concrete slabs 1402 and/or their uses and/or their locations, e.g., against rain, dust, sound, etc., a panic room or safe room wall, may be sealed against chemical and/or biological agents, etc. In some embodiments, an exterior surface of wall and an internal surface of the wall may have a different seal. Optionally, only one surface of the wall may be sealed. Optionally, the seal may protrude from the concrete slab 1402. Optionally, the seal may be flush with the concrete slab 1402. Optionally, the seal 802 may connect to the tube 106. Optionally, the seal may be reversibly and/or irreversibly installed in the hole 1404 and/or tube 106. Optionally, the seal may cover the hole 1404 and/or entrance to the tube 106 partially or completely. Optionally, the seal may seal the opening partially or completely.

In an embodiment, the seal 802 may be a simple seal such as a cap plug, seal, button seal, etc. and/or a multiple component seal, such as two-part seal, etc. Optionally, an O-ring 902 and/or gasket may be used with the seal 802. Optionally, all or part of the seal 802 may be brightly colored to make it easier for a user to identify which holes 1404 have been plugged and which holes 1404 have not yet been plugged by visual inspection. Optionally, the seal 802 may be pressed and/or hammered 1406 into place without the need for specialized equipment, for example, a ubiquitous tool such as a hammer 1406 may be used to install the seal.

In an embodiment, a multiple component seal, such as two-part seal, may be installed for high level sealing (e.g., for blast wall and/or walls that are to be impermeable to gas, pressure and/or shock, such as on bomb shelters and/or storage tanks, etc.). Optionally, the two-part seal may comprise an elastomeric material component and a pin 1102. Optionally, the elastomeric material component such as a hollow plug 1006 may be installed by inserting the tip into the opening of a hole 1404 and/or tube 106. Optionally, a pin 1102 may be inserted into a hollow in the plug 1006. Optionally, a worker may hammer 1406 the top of pin 1102 into the elastomeric material plug 1006, which may force the plug deeper into the hole 1404 and/or tube 106, thereby sealing the hole 1404 and/or tube 106. Optionally, the pin 1102 may protrude from the hole 1404 and/or tube 106. Optionally, the pin 1102 may be flush with the concrete slab 1402 surface after installation. Optionally, the pin 1102 may completely cover the opening of the hole 1404 and/or tube 106. Optionally, all or part of the pin 1102 may be brightly colored to make it easier for a user to identify which holes 1404 have been plugged and which holes 1404 have not yet been plugged by visual inspection. Optionally, the elastomeric material may be a flexible plastic, rubberized plastic, natural rubbers, styrene -butadiene block copolymers, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, ethylene propylene rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, silicone elastomers, fluoroelastomers, polyurethane elastomers, and nitrile rubbers, etc. In some embodiments different types of seals may have different colors such that it would be easy to determine what king of seal is used from visual inspection of the outside of the wall. In an embodiment, a multiple component seal, such as two-part seal, may be designed to link to the tubes which were originally installed around the tie rods 104 and remain cemented into the wall. Optionally, the outer end of each modular tube may have an inward protruding lip. Optionally, the plug may clip onto the inner lip of the tube with an interference element. Optionally, this may prevent it from coming out of the wall. Optionally, the seal may include a gasket or O-ring 902 which may providing a tight seal.

Figure 1 and Figure 2 are schematic illustrations of a perspective view and cut away perspective view, respectively, of a modular tube system with end cones in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. For example, a first modular tube 106 may be connected an end cone 102 on its outer end 101, and to a second modular tube 107 at its inner end 103a, then the second modular tube 107 may be connected 108 to a second end cone 102 on its outer end 101. The modular tube system may encase a tie rod 104, which may then be surrounded by poured concrete.

Figure 3 and Figure 4 are schematic illustrations of a perspective view and cut away perspective view, respectively, of a modular tube system with end cones and a spacer in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. For example, a first modular tube 106 may be connected an end cone 102, comprising a flared section 602 and a neck 606 which connects the cone to the outer end 101 of the tube 106, 107. Additionally or alternatively, the neck 606 fits over the tie rod 104, and a neck 606 fits around tie rod 104 without interference. Optionally, a gnpper 604 connects between cone 102 and tie rod 104.

In some embodiments, a spacer includes a first end 303b configured to connect to the inner end 103a of the first modular tube 106 (e.g., a male connector) on one end and and/or a second end 303a configured to connect to the inner end 103b of the second tube 107 (e.g., a female connector). When the system is assembled the first end 303b of a spacer 302 may be attached to the inner end 101 of the first tube 106, then the spacer 302 may be connected by its second end 303a to a second modular tube 107 at its inner end 103b, then the second modular tube 107 may be connected by its outer end 101 to a second end cone 102. The modular tube system may encase a tie rod 104 with the tie rod on the inside of the modular tube system, which may then be surrounded by poured concrete 1402 on the outside of the tube system.

Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a perspective view of a modular tube system with end cones and multiple spacers in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. For example, a first modular tube 106 may be connected an end cone 102 on an outer end 101 thereof, and to the first end 303b of a first spacer 302 at the inner end 103a, then the first spacer 302 may be connected by its second end 303ato a second spacer 302 at its first end 303b, which in turn may be connected to the first end 303b of a third spacer 302 at its second end 303a, (and optionally, more spacers may be inserted to achieved a desired length). The second end 303a of the third spacer 302 is optionally connected in turn to a to a second modular tube 107 at its inner end 103b. Optionally, the second modular tube 107 may be connected by its outer end 101 to a second end cone 102. The modular tube system may encase a tie rod 104 with the tie rod on the inside of the modular tube system, which may then be surrounded by poured concrete 1402 on the outside of the tube system.

Figures 6A and 6B are schematic illustrations of a side view and cut away side view, respectively, of a modular tube system with end cones in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. Figures 6C and 6D are enlarged schematic illustrations of cut away side views of sections C and D respectively of a modular tube with an end cone 102 in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. For example, the end cones 102 comprising a flared section 602 and a neck 606 fitting over a tie rod 104 may include a gripper 604 to attach to grooves, notches, protrusions or threading on the tie rod 104, and then connect by an indent or neck 606 to the end 101 of a modular tube 106. Optionally, the grippers 604 and/or necks 606 of the end cones may fit within the tubes.

Figures 7A, 7B, 7C and 7D are schematic illustrations of a perspective view, a bottom view, side view and cut away view, respectively, of an end cone in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. For example, an end cone may comprise a flared section (e.g., a section 602) and/or a neck 606 and/or a gripper 604. Optionally, the neck 606 may fit into or over an outer end 101 of a modular tube 106, 107. Optionally, the end cone 102 may attach to grooves, notches, protrusions or threading of a tie rod by a gripper 604 on the inner surface of the end cone neck 606 and/or distal to the flared section 602 of the end cone 102. Optionally, the neck 606 of an end cone may comprise one or more grippers 604. Optionally, the end cone 102 may attach to grooves, notches, protrusions or threading on a tie rod 104. Optionally, the end cone 102 may attach to a modular tube for example by an indent or a clip, a catch, a fastener, an interference element, a friction connector etc. For example, friction may hold the outer end 101 of the tube 106, 107 on the outer surface of the neck 606 of the end cone 102. Optionally, a tie rod 104 may fit within an end cone 102. Optionally, the flared section of the end cone may comprise a flexible material which may be compressed and/or folded and/or passed through the tube.

Figure 8 is a schematic illustration of a cut away view of a modular tube with seal in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. For example, the seal 802 may be a simple button which may be inserted into a modular tube 106. Optionally, the end cap 804 at the proximal end of the seal 802 may protrude from the modular tube 106, 107. Optionally, the distal end of the button may comprise skirt 803 with an interference element 806 (e.g., a ridge, clip, catch, etc.) which may attach to the inner surface 105 of a modular tube 106. For example, the interference element 806 may attach to a ridge 808 on the outer end 101 of the tube 106, 107. which may remain cemented into the slab 1402 after the tie rod is removed. Optionally, the seal 802 may expand to make extraction difficult. Optionally, the seal 802 may expand the interference element 806 to make extraction difficult. In some embodiments, the seal 802 may include a sealing element 809, for example, a ring gasket. Optionally, the modular tube 106 107 may comprise an interface element (e.g., a ledge 808, band, protrusion, etc.) on the inner surface 105 of the modular tube 106, 107. The tube 106, 107 may remain cemented into the slab 1402 after the tie rod 104 is removed. Optionally, this interface element (e.g., a ledge 808) may also be present on the inner surface 105 of the modular tubes 106, 107 and/or spacers.

In some embodiments, the system may include a tube with an interface element (e.g., a ledge 808) on both ends. Spacers may be provided with a connecter (e.g., interference element 806) on an inner end and/or an interface element on an outer end. Cones (e.g., cone 102) may fit reversibly (e.g., by a friction fitting) into the ends of the tube and/or outer end of the spacer. A button (e.g., seal 802 may fit into either end of the tube and/or the outer end of the spacer. For example, a system for encasing a tie rod may include the tube with cones on either end and/or the tube and any number of spacers on one or both ends lengthening the system.

Figures 9A, 9B, 9C and 9D are schematic illustrations of a side view, cut away view, perspective view and an enlarged view of section B, respectively, of a seal in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. Optionally, the seal may comprise a gasket or O-ring 902, which may sit between the neck 906 and the skirt 803 of the seal. Optionally, the gasket or O-ring 902 may fit into a notch 904 on the seal. Optionally, an interference element 806 may extend from the skirt 803 in the distal direction. Optionally the interference element 806 (e.g., a clip, catch, fastener, etc.) may attach to an interference element (e.g., a ridge, ledge, etc.) 808 on the outer side of a modular tube 106. Optionally the interference element 806 (e.g., a clip, catch, fastener, etc.) may attach to an interference element (e.g., a ridge, ledge, etc.) 810 on the inner surface of a modular tube (e.g., outer end of tube 106 and or tube 107 and/or either end of tube .

Figures 10A, 10B and 10C are schematic illustration of side views, a top view, and a cut away view, respectively, of a plug, in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. For example, the plug 1006 may be hollow, partially filled or solid. Optionally, the distal end of the plug 1006 may be a rounded tip 1002 and/or pointed tip and/or another shape Optionally, the plug 1006 may be made from an elastomer and/or hard plastic and/or metal and/or rubber and/or thermoplastic and/or pvc and/or other materials. Optionally, the plug may comprise a neck 1010 and/or a sealing element, for example, parallel ribs 1004 grooves, notches, protrusions or threading on the proximal outer surface. Optionally, this interference element 1004 may engage the inner surface 105 of the modular tube 106 or hole to prevent it from falling out. Alternatively or additionally, the plug may be held in place by friction.

In some embodiments, the plug 1006 may be installed in a hole 1404 and/or modular tube 106. Optionally, the plug 1006 may have one or more interference elements 1008 (for example, a notch and/or a ledge and/or an indentation) on the inner surface. Optionally, a pin 1102 may interact with one or more interference elements 1008 of the plug 1006 that prevent the pin 1102 from coming out of the plug 1006. For example, the interference element 1108 may be an inner protrusion and/or ledge on the outer sleeve of the plug 1006 and hammering and/or pushing the pin 1102 into the plug 1006 may engage an interference element e.g., notch 1104 of the pin 1102 to the protrusion of the plug 1006. For example, the interference element 1008 may be an inner notch on the outer sleeve of the plug 1006 and hammering and/or pushing the pin 1102 into the plug may engage an interference element e.g., a notch 1108 of the pin 1102 to a ledge and/or protuberance of the plug 1006. Additionally or alternatively, a pin 1102 may be held in a plug 1002 by friction.

Figures 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D and HE are schematic illustrations of a side views, a perspective view, a cut away view and a cross-sectional view (over plane G- G’), respectively, of a pin in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. For example, the pin 1102 may be shaped to fit within a hollow plug (for example plug 1006). Optionally, all or part of the pin 1102 may be brightly colored and/or colored to match the concrete of the slab (e.g., grey). Optionally, the end cap 1106 of the pin 1102 may be brightly colored and/or colored to match the concrete of the slab (e.g., grey).

In some embodiments, the pin 1102 and/or plug may completely block the hole 1404 and/or tube 106 when installed. For example, sealing elements (e.g., ribs 1004) may be sized and shaped to seal the hole. Alternatively or additionally, part of the pine 1102 may expand the plug (e.g., a distal head 1107 of the button may expand the plug 1006) to seal the hole.

In some embodiments, the end cap 1106 of the pin 1102 at the proximal end may protrude from the proximal end of the plug. Optionally, the distal end cap of pin 1102 may include an interference element. For example, notch 1104 of the pin 1102 engages with an interference element of the plug. For example, the interference element (e.g., notch 1104) may be on a vane 1109 of the pin. Optionally, the distal end of the pin 1102 and/or the plug 1006 may be rounded, flattened, or pointed. Optionally, the pin 1102 may be hollow and/or comprise of vanes 1109 to control (e.g., increase/decrease flexibility in one or more directions) and/or to reduce weight and/or material cost. Optionally, the proximal and distal ends of the pin may be symmetrical and/or asymmetrical. In some embodiments, pin 1102 may be symmetrical. The either end of the pin may be distal and/or proximal depending on the direction in which the pin is inserted.

Figure 12 is a schematic illustration of a tube with a two-part seal (prior to installation) in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. For example, the pin 1102 may protrude from the hollow plug 1006. Optionally, the distal end of the pin 1102 may be inserted into a hollow plug 1006, and the distal tip 1002 of the hollow plug 1006 may be inserted into a hole 1404 and/or tube 106. Optionally, the sealing element (e.g., ribs 1004) may engage the inner surface 105 of the modular tube 106 or hole to prevent it from falling out. Optionally, the interference element 1008 may be an inner protrusion on the outer sleeve of the plug 1006 and hammering and/or pushing the pin 1102 into the plug 1006 may engage an interference element e.g., notch 1104 of the pin 1102 to the protrusion of the plug 1006. Optionally, hammering and/or pushing the proximal end cap 1106 of the pin 1102 may force the pin-plug unit of the two-part seal into the distal end of the modular tube 106.

Figure 13 is a schematic illustration of a tube with a two-part seal (installed) in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. For example, the distal end of the pin 1102 within the hollow plug 1006 may be hammered 1406 and or pushed into the hole and/or tube 106, driving the proximal tip of the hollow plug 1006 into the hole 1404 and/or tube 106, and/or sealing it. Optionally, the two-part seal may be difficult to extract from the hole and/or tube, e.g., an interference element 1004 may engage the inner surface 105 of the modular tube 106.

Figure 14 is a schematic illustration of a use of a tube with a two-part seal installed (bottom) and uninstalled (top) in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. Optionally, the end cap 1106 of the pin 1102 may completely and/or partially seal the end of the modular tube 106 and/or hole 1404. Optionally, the plugpin unit may seal the modular tube 106 and/or hole 1404 hermetically.

Figures 15A, 15B are side and cross-sectional views of a pin 1502 and plug 1503 separated from each other in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. Figure 15C is a cross sectional view of a pin 1502 partially inserted into a plug 1503 in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. . Figure 15D is a cross sectional view of a pin 1502 fully inserted into a plug 1503 in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. For example, pin 1502 may be partially inserted into plug 1503 when they are first inserted into a hole before driving pin 1502 into plug 1503 and/or before sealing the hole. Optionally, in the partially inserted state, the widest portion of the pin (e.g., distal end cap 1509) is positioned where the walls of the plug 1503 are relatively thin and/or the pin/plug combination fits easily into a hole. Figure 15D is a cross sectional view of a pin 1502 fully inserted into a plug 1503 in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. For example, pin 1502 may be fully inserted into plug 1503. Optionally, in the fully inserted position, the widest portion of the pin (e.g., distal end cap 1509) is positioned where the walls of the plug 1503 are relatively thick and/or the pin/plug combination only fits into the hole by compression (e.g., compression of soft wall of plug 1503 between the distal end cap 1509 and the walls of the hole and/or radial compression of the pin 1502. Optionally by driving pin 1502 into plug 1503 into the fully inserted position, the hole is sealed. For example, the wall a distal of the plug 1503 may be thicker than the wall of a proximal portion thereof.

In some embodiments, a proximal end cap 1506 at the proximal end of the pin 1502 may be broader than the neck 1501 of the pin 1502. Optionally, a distal end cap 1506 at the proximal end of the pin 1502 may be broader than the neck 1501 of the pin 1502. Optionally, the neck 1501 of the pin may be hollow and/or contain one or more cut outs and/or vanes to increase flexibility and/or reduce its weight and/or material cost. Optionally, the distal end 1506 of the pin may hollow (e.g., to increase the flexibility) and/or be tapered (e.g., easier to insert). Optionally, the pin 1102 may include one or more interference elements (e.g., notches 1104). Optionally, the interference element may include a protrusion, projection, notch, catch, clip, thickened section, etc. Optionally, the interference element may be located on the distal portion of the pin 1102.

Figure 16A is a schematic illustration of a use of a tube with a two-part seal installed (bottom) and uninstalled (top) in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. For example, a pin 1102 may be inserted into the hole and/or a tube 106 in partially inserted into plug 1503. Optionally, the tip of the hollow plug 1503 may be installed in a hole and/or tube 106 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 16A). Optionally, the hollow plug 1503 may comprise an elastomeric material and/or rubber and/or thermoplastic and/or pvc and/or other materials.

Figure 16B is an enlarged view of a schematic illustration of a use of a tube with a two-part seal (installed) in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. In some embodiment, a hammer 1406 is used to hammer the pin 1502 into the hollow plug 1503. Optionally, hammering may force the plug 1503 deeper in the hole and/or force the shape of the plug 1503 to conform to the shape of the pin 1502. Optionally, the plug 1503 may comprise grooves, notches, protrusions or threading. Optionally, hammering the pin 1502 into the hollow plug 1503 may force the plug 1503 into the hole and/or tube 106. Optionally, the shape of the pin 1502 may expand the plug 1503 in such a manner as to be difficult to extract from the hole and/or tube 106. Optionally, the end cap 1506 of the pin 1502 may cover the entrance to the hole and/or tube 106 completely. Optionally, the two-part seal may seal the tube 106 and/or hole hermetically. For example, the outer plug may be wedged between pin 1502 (e.g., a distal end cap 1509 thereof) and the walls of the hold, thereby sealing the hole.

In some embodiments, a first set of interference elements (e.g., end cap 1509 and ledge 1508) may hold the pin and the plug together before installation making the pin-plug pair easier to keep together and/or store and/or carry and/or install. Optionally, a second set of interference elements may hold the pin in the plug so will not come back out once installed.

Figure 17 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of encapsulating a tie rod in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. In some embodiments an end cone is placed 1702 on a distal portion of a tie rod. For example, the cone may connect to the rod and/or be slid with force proximally onto the rod. Optionally, the proximal end of the tie rod is slid 1704 proximally into a distal outer end of a tube and out the proximal end of the tube. Optionally, the tie bar is slid 1704 through until the inner (proximal) end cone connects 1705 to the distal end of the tube. Optionally, one or more spacers are slid distally over the proximal end of the tie bar until in connects 1806 to the proximal end of the tube. Optionally, a second cone is slid and/or pushed distally over the tie bar until the inner end of the cone connects 1710 to the proximal end of the tube. For example, the cone may connect to the rod and/or be slid with force distally onto the rod. Alternatively or additionally, the step of a sliding the spacer onto the tie bar and/or connecting 1706 a spacer may be skipped and/or the proximal end of the tube may be connected directly to the inner end of the cone. Optionally, the tie bar is the used to connect between two mold forms and/or concrete is poured in the space between the forms.

Figure 18 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of encapsulating a tie rod in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 18 (and similarly in the exemplary embodiment of FIGs. 1 to 5 and/or 19) by keeping a stock of 4 kinds of parts (e.g., two kinds of tubes, 1 kind of spacer and 1 kind of end cap) one can assemble casing for tie rods traversing slabs of a variety of common thicknesses). In some embodiments an end cone is placed 1802 on a distal portion of a tie rod. For example, the cone may connect to the rod and/or be slid with force proximally onto the rod. Optionally, the proximal end of the tie rod is slid 1804 proximally into a distal outer end of a first tube and out the proximal inner end of the first tube. Optionally, the tie bar is slid 1804 through until the proximal inner end of the cone connects 1805 to the outer distal end of the first tube. Optionally, one or more spacers are slid distally over the proximal end of the tie bar until the distal end of the space connects 1806 to the inner proximal end of the first tube. Optionally, a second tube is slid distally over the proximal end of the tie bar until the proximal end of the spacer connects 1808 to the inner distal end of the second tube. Alternatively or additionally, the step of a sliding a spacer on to the bar and connecting 1806 a spacer may be skipped and/or the inner distal end of the second tube may be connected directly to the inner proximal end of the first tube. Optionally, a second cone is slid and/or pushed distally over the tie bar until the inner distal end of the space connects 1810 to the outer proximal end of the second bar. For example, the cone may connect to the rod and/or be slid with force distally onto the rod. Optionally, the tie bar is the used to connect between two mold forms and/or concrete is poured in the space between the forms. is in

Figure 19 is a block diagram illustrating a system in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. For example, a modular tube system may encase a tie rod, wherein a first end cone 1902 may connect to the outer end of a first modular tube 1906. The inner end of the first modular tube 1906 may connect to a first end of a spacer 1908. Optionally, this may be repeated with multiple spacers. The second end of a spacer 1908 may connect to the inner end of a second modular tube 1907. The outer end of the second modular tube 1907 may connect to a second end cone 1902. Altnematively or additionally, the system may be assembled without the spacer 1908 (e.g., the inner end of tube 1906 may attach directly to the inner end of tube 1907).

FIG. 20 is a flow chart illustration of removing end cones in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. In some embodiments, after a concrete slab dries (for example, after the pouring concrete described in connection to FIGs. 18 and/or 19) a tie rod is removed from the casing and/or concrete. Optionally, the end cones are also removed from the casing. For example, the tie rod may be pulled 2052 proximally out a proximal end of the casing. Pulling 2052 out the tie rod may disconnect the far cone (on the distal end of the casing) from the rod and/or pull out the near (proximal) cone which is connected to the rod out from the concrete. Optionally, from the same side of the wall, the tie rod and/or another piece of rebar and/or another object may be pushed 2054 through the casing and/or push 2054 the distal cone out the far end of the hold.

Figure 21 is a flow diagram describing a system in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. For example, end cones 102 connected 2102 to tube encased tie rod. Concrete is poured around the tube encased tie rod into the mold 2104. Concrete is allowed to dry 2106. Then the end cones 102 and tie rod 104 are removed 2108 from the hardened concrete leaving the tube in place. The holes 1404 containing the tubes are sealed 2110, for example, with a button, pin, and/or plug for example as illustrated in previous embodiments. Optionally, removing 2108 the tie rod 104 may remove 2108 the end cones 102 attached to it. Optionally, the system and/or parts thereof may be removed 2108 by pushing or pulling the tie rod 104 through either side of the hole 1404. Optionally, a tie rod 104 may be removed 2108 e.g., by pulling proximally out of the hole. Optionally, the tie rod 104 may pull out the proximal end cone out of the proximal hole 1404. Optionally, the tie rod 104 may slide out of the distal end cone 102, leaving the end cone 102 in place. Optionally, a worker may push a piece of rebar and/or the tie rod 104 into the hole 1404. Optionally, the distal end of the tie rod 104 may be pushed out of the far side of the modular tube system, and/or push out the distal end cone 102. Optionally, no specialized equipment may be required to remove 2108 the tie rod 104 and/or end cones 102 from the wall. Optionally, the end cones 102 may be designed with a clip that catches one or more notches and/or protrusions and/or threading on the tie rods 104.

Figure 22 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of sealing in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. For example, the tip of a hollow plug 1006 is inserted 2202 into a tube. A pin 1102 is optionally inserted 2204 into the hollow plug 1006. The pin 1102 in the hollow plug 1006 is then hammered 2206 and/or otherwise pushed into the tube, forcing the hollow plug into the tube and/or expanding the plug and/or sealing 2208 the tube. Optionally, the pin and/or plug may be held in place by one or more interference elements and/or by friction. Optionally, a plug may be wedged between the pin and the wall of the hole and/or modular tube.

Figure 23 is a block diagram illustrating a system in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 23 by keeping a stock of 3 kinds of parts (e.g., 1 kind of tubes, 1 kind of spacer and 1 kind of end cap) one can assemble casing for tie rods traversing slabs of a variety of common thicknesses). For example, a modular tube system may encase a tie rod, wherein a first end cone 2302 may connect to the proximal end of a spacer 2306. The distal end of the spacer 2306 may connect to the proximal end of a second spacer 2306 or to the distal end of a first modular tube 2304. Optionally, this may be repeated with multiple spacers. The distal end of the spacer 2306 may connect to the proximal end of a first modular tube 2304. The distal end of the first modular tube 2304 may connect to the proximal end of a second modular tube 2308. Optionally, one or more spacers may be inserted here. The distal end of the second modular tube 2308 may connect to a second end cone 2310.

Figure 24 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of sealing a hole in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. For example, the distal end of a seal (e.g., the seal of FIGs. 8 and 9A-9D) may be inserted 2402 into a proximal opening a hole (e.g., a hole remaining in a concrete slab after removing a removable tie rod). Optionally, the hold includes an inner casing embedded in the concrete, for example a casing of the tie rod. For example, the casing may include modular tube (e.g., as illustrated in any of the embodiments herein above). The seal may be hammered and/or pushed into the hole and/or casing. Optionally, the seal may be clipped 2406 to the casing and/or the hole. Optionally, the modular tube may be sealed 2408, for example, with an O-ring, gasket around the seal, etc. Figure 25A is a perspective view of a pin 2502 in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. Figure 25B is a close-up perspective view of a pin 2502 in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. For example, pin 2502 may be driven into plug 1503 similar to pin 1502. Optionally, pin 2502 includes vanes 2501 connecting between a proximal end cap 2506 and/or a distal end cap 2509. For example, distal end cap 2509 may include a notch 2511 and/or a hole and/or a cut e.g., out to allow air to escape when the plug is driven into the plug. Alternatively or additionally, there may be a hole in a distal portion of the plug to release air pressure. Optionally, a plug (e.g., plug 1503) is inserted into a hole and the pin 2502 is driven into the plug (e.g., with a hammer) and/or a distal portion of the plug gets wedged between the distal end cap 2509 and the walls of the hole, sealing the hole.

GENERAL

It is expected that during the life of a patent maturing from this application many relevant building technologies, artificial intelligence methodologies, computer user interfaces, image capture devices will be developed and the scope of the terms for design elements, analysis routines, user devices is intended to include all such new technologies a priori.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and/or scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of embodiments of the invention, exemplary methods and/or materials are described below. In case of conflict, the patent specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be necessarily limiting.

As used herein the term “about” refers to ± 10%

The terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including", “having” and their conjugates mean "including but not limited to".

The term “consisting of’ means “including and limited to”.

The term "consisting essentially of' means that the composition, method or structure may include additional ingredients, steps and/or parts, but only if the additional ingredients, steps and/or parts do not materially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed composition, method or structure.

As used herein, the singular form "a", "an" and "the" include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

Throughout this application, various embodiments of this invention may be presented in a range format. It should be understood that the description in range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible subranges as well as individual numerical values within that range. For example, description of a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6 etc., as well as individual numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.

Whenever a numerical range is indicated herein, it is meant to include any cited numeral (fractional or integral) within the indicated range. The phrases “ranging/ranges between” a first indicate number and a second indicate number and “ranging/ranges from” a first indicate number “to” a second indicate number are used herein interchangeably and are meant to include the first and second indicated numbers and all the fractional and integral numerals therebetween.

It is appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination or as suitable in any other described embodiment of the invention. Certain features described in the context of various embodiments are not to be considered essential features of those embodiments, unless the embodiment is inoperative without those elements.

Although the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims. All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated in their entirety by reference into the specification, to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. In addition, citation or identification of any reference in this application shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art to the present invention. To the extent that section headings are used, they should not be construed as necessarily limiting.