A. GENERAL

This Patent Application Titled "PRODUCTION OF ULTRA-GREEN HYDROGEN AND ULTRAGREEN BIOMASS VOLATILES FOR BLENDING WITH NATURAL GAS AND FOSSIL FUELS FOR ULTRA-GREEN ELECTRICITY, ULTRA-GREEN TRANSPORTATION FUELS, FREE WATER DESALINATION AND DECARBONIZATION OF INDUSTRY" in the following "TECHNOLOGY YA" is an Application for a Patent Amendment of my previous relative Patent with OBI Number 1009990/11.05.2021 with Title " A CLIMATE CHANGE DEFENCE SYSTEM WITH NEGATIVE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION UNITS" [1] (hereafter "TECHNOLOGY A") where in the Claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 we claim the production of UltraClean Biomass Volatiles 009, which are produced by Pyrolysis-Carbonation of Biomass A.2.1 and A.2.2 from the Pyrolysis-Carbonation Units A.4.1i, namely A.4.1O, A.4.1A, A.4.1E and A.4.1H Under Pressure 20-40 Bar and A.4.1'O, A.4.1'A, A.4.1'E and A.4.1'H Under Atmospheric Pressure, alongside the production of Pyrolytic Activated Carbon 008 and 008B, and they are sent for mixed or pure combustion in Power Plants with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions, such as Steam-Electric Power Plants A.5.1, Combined Cycle Power Plants with Natural Gas A.6.1 or Open Cycle Power Plants with Natural Gas A.6.1', where the production of Pyrolytic Activated Carbon 008A and 008 _B represents the Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions and where Electricity is produced not simply with Zero Carbon Dioxide Emissions but with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions, as Ultra-Green Electricity,

Where in the present invention we claim the production of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi which is obtained by the Electrolysis of Water using the Electricity with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions, which is produced by the Initial Power Generation Units with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions A.5.1 or A.6.1 or A.6.1 ¹ (AMHi) of TECHNOLOGY A,

Where both the production of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi and Ultra-Clean Biomass Volatiles 009 are charged with the Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions represented by the parallel production of the Pyrolytic Activated Carbon 008A and 008B, SO that they are considered Ultra-Green, both the produced Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi as above, and the Ultra-Clean Biomass Volatiles 009, otherwise as described below in this Patent Application, Where Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi is expected to play a critical role in addressing the Risk of the Climate Crisis [6] by covering the Load Curve in the intermittent production of Green Electricity from Renewable Energy Sources (RES), in the production of Ultra-Green Fuels for the Means of Transport, as well as in the Decarbonization of Industrial Sectors that are difficult to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, such as Steel Production, Cement Production, Ammonia Production, etc. and therefore its production at a competitive cost will be important in limiting Global Warming [7], [8].

Where in the present invention we claim the production of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi which is obtained by the Electrolysis of Water using the Electricity with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions, which is produced by the Initial Power Generation Units with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions A.5.1 or A.6.1 or A.6.1' (AM Hi) of TECHNOLOGY A,

Where both the production of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi and Ultra-Clean Biomass Volatiles 009 are charged with the Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions represented by the parallel production of the Pyrolytic Activated Carbon 008 _A and 008 _B , so that they are considered Ultra-Green, both the produced Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi as above, and the Ultra-Clean Biomass Volatiles 009, which are available when not used to produce the Ultra-Green Electricity with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions, otherwise as described below in this Patent Application,

Where Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi is expected to play a critical role in addressing the Risk of the Climate Crisis [6] by covering the Load Curve in the intermittent production of Green Electricity from Renewable Energy Sources (RES), in the production of Ultra-Green Fuels for the Means of Transport, in the production of Free Desalinated Sea Water as well as in the Decarbonization of Industrial Sectors that are difficult to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, such as Steel Production, Cement Production, Ammonia Production, etc. and therefore its production at a competitive cost will be important in limiting Global Warming [7], [8].

B. THE KNOWLEDGE FIELD TODAY

According to the current state of the art, the proposed scenario to deal with the risk of the Climate Crisis is the Proposal of the COP21 of the UN in Paris in December 2015 for zero Carbon Dioxide Emissions by 2050, a Proposal accepted and signed by the International Community. Renewable or Green Hydrogen H2 from RES is predicted to play a critical role in addressing the risk of Climate Crisis, according to the UN Scenario as above, however, Renewable or Green Hydrogen H2 from RES is not yet cost-competitive with fossil fuels as well as with the Industrial Hydrogen produced by Reforming of Natural Gas or Gasification of other Fossil Fuels with Steam, with fuel prices before the middle of 2021, due to its high production cost as well as due to the high capital cost of the necessary traditional Means of Water Electrolysis [2], [5], [12], [13],

B. THE KNOWLEDGE FIELD TODAY

According to the current state of the art, the proposed scenario to deal with the risk of the Climate Crisis is the Proposal of the COP21 of the UN in Paris in December 2015 for Zero Carbon Dioxide Emissions by 2050, a Proposal accepted and signed by the International Community.

Renewable or Green Hydrogen H2 from RES is predicted to play a critical role in addressing the risk of Climate Crisis, according to the UN Scenario as above, however, Renewable or Green Hydrogen H2 from RES is not yet cost-competitive with fossil fuels as well as with the Industrial Hydrogen produced by Reforming of Natural Gas or Gasified other Fossil Fuels with Steam, due to its high production cost as well as due to the high capital cost TOU of the order of 5-7 Euro/Kilo.H2 versus 1,0- 1,5 Euro/Kilo.H2 of Gray or Brown Hydrogen from Natural Gas or Coal Gasification respectively, mainly due to the high capital cost of the necessary traditional Water Electrolysis Means, as well as the expensive Transmission and Distribution H2 Networks and the necessary need for Storage due to the stochastic and seasonal nature of RES [2 ], [5], [12], [13],

However, after the over-ten-folding increase of Natural Gas prices and since its prices will remain high, the production of Green Hydrogen H2, despite its high cost as above, is starting to become competitive under the condition of the expected drastic reduction in the cost of the Media of Water Electrolysis, which is expected in the next 10 years, while the issue of the cost of the millions of kilometers of the necessary Transmission and Distribution Networks and the necessary need to Store Green Hydrogen H2, due to the stochastic nature of RES, both in daily and and on a seasonal basis remain unsolved. In contrast to Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi, which needs only a fraction of the power of Water Electrolysis Units, indicatively less than 1/30 to 1/50, avoiding the need to implement the millions of kilometers of necessary Transmission and Distribution Networks and of the necessary need to store Green Hydrogen H2, resulting in competitive costs directly, in combination with other factors as below,

However, addressing the risk of the Climate Crisis, in addition to reducing to zero carbon dioxide emissions by 2050, requires, according to reputable international research bodies, government research centers and the UN IPCC, the Capture, Sequestration and Permanent Storage even of greater amounts of Carbon Dioxide from the Atmosphere or otherwise Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions in order to meet the new UN target of global warming below 1.5°C, much earlier than 2050, in order to hope for a better chance that the Climate Crisis will not become Irreversible [3], [4],

C. ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION COMPARED TO PRIOR ART

The application of TECHNOLOGY YA of the present invention presents the following advantages both in relation to TECHNOLOGY A and the current state of the art, as briefly mentioned below and with detailed analysis in Chapter E. DETAILED DESCRIPTION below, namely:

1) The production of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi is achieved at a competitive cost from Modified New or Existing Fossil Fuel-Fired Units, which are otherwise doomed to premature deactivation such as Coal or Lignite or Petroleum or Natural Gas (NG) 009B Units,

2) It is achieved the production of not just Green Hydrogen H2 (i.e. production of H2 with electricity of zero or almost zero CO2 emissions from RES), but the production of UltraGreen Hydrogen HEi, which is produced with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions, with parallel production of Pyrolytic Activated Carbon 008 and 008 _B (Biochar), which is an excellent Soil Cnditioner for use in Agriculture,

3) By injecting the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi into a Natural Gas Pipeline like TAP or another Natural Gas Pipeline, in percentages of 10-15%, the use of a ready-made UltraGreen Hydrogen HEi Transport Network through existing NG networks is achieved on the one hand without any change of the NG Network, with parallel greening of the mixed NG, 4) It is created the Ultra-Green Mixture MEi of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi with NG 009B or another Mineral Fuels such as Coal or Lignite 009A, Petroleum 009E, LPG etc. where a small amount of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi is mixed with a much larger amount of Fuel as above, for example 1 ton of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi with 35 tons of NG or 28 tons of Coal, in such a proportion that the Positive Emissions of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) of the Fossil Fuels minus the Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi to give a Negative Carbon Dioxide Value of the MEi Mixture so that it is considered Ultra-Green of Low Negative CO2 Emissions, in which case the corresponding Power Plants are also considered Ultra-Green without any need to convert them,

5) Where the Ultra-Green Fossil Fuel Power Plants as above have a multiple power output than the Initial Power Plant AMHi producing the Ultra-Green Hydrogen, indicatively 10-fold for Combined Cycle Power Plants (CCPP) with NG, 6,8-fold for Open Cycle Power Plants (OCPP) with NG, 4,45-fold for Fossil Fuel Power Plants (FFPPs) with Coal, etc. without any conversion of the Fossil Fuel-Fired Power Plants, which are changed into Ultra-Green Power Plants as above,

6) The Conversion in a 10-fold capacity of Combined Cycle Power Plants (CCPP) with NG into Ultra-Green CCPP (UCCPP), in relation to the capacity of the AMHi of Production of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi, at the same time benefits also the used NG of the UltraGreen Combined Cycle Power Plants NG Units (UCCPP), which is now considered Green NG and will not be subject to the Decarbonization and Termination of its use of NG after 2035- 2040, resulting in the possibility of exploiting the Greek and European NG Deposits, which are at risk of remaining unused,

7) Where the MEi Mixture of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE4 with Natural Gas or with other Fossil Fuels, is characterized by enabling the Production of Ultra-Green CNG (YCNG) for the operarion of Cars and Trucks or Ultra-Green Fossil Fuels for Power generation as well as the conversion of the NG into Ultra-Green NG from Regasification of LNG from the FSRU Units, which either 20-folds the operating profit of the FSRU Units or enables the use of a large part of the Ultra-Profit of the FSRU Units as above, in order to reduce the Wholesale Price of the Ultra-Green Electricity produced in the Ultra-Green Combined Cycle Power Plants or Fossil Fuel-Fired Units for Power Generation at levels corresponding even to pre-crisis prices,

8) Also, the application of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE4 _A under pressure in special Pressure Vessels of the order of 400-600Bar placed upon the Means of Transport is characterized by the fact that it enables the creation of the Ultra-Green Mixture MEi of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE4 _A with Gasoline, Diesel Oil or CNG directly on Cars, Trucks and other Means of Transport, which thus operate with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions, without the need to change the Internal Combustion Engines, thus saving the thriving European Internal Combustion Engine Industry, in which directly or indirectly are employed 12,6 million Europeans and contributes more than 8% of the EU's GDP or 1,25 Trillion Euros to the Member States' Economies [23] and which has been condemned to disengagement after 2035 by the recent Decision of the European Union [21 ], but a Decision which according to the Association of Automobile Manufacturers ACEA will enter through the Back Door as early as 2025, putting at risk the entire European Automotive Industry, [19], [20], [21], [22],

9) Also, the Mixture MEi of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi with Natural Gas or other Fossil Fuels, in collaboration with Short Rotation Forestry Plantations for the supply of the necessary Biomass, enables the production of Desalinated Seawater at Zero Cost, with the Combination of the Initial Power Generation Units with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions AMHi, as above, with Short Rotation Forestry Plantations (SRF) for the supply of the necessary Biomass, as well as with Electrolysis Units for the production of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi, which in Mixture MEi with NG or other Fossil Fuels through combustion in Ultra-Green Power Generation Units multiplies the production of Electricity, for use in Seawater Desalination Units, where only a small part of the produced Desalinated Seawater is required for the irrigation of the Short Rotation Forestry Plantation, typically around 8- 15%, while the rest 85-92% of the produced Desalinated Seawater is available either to meet human needs or to irrigate crops or reforestation and where the Total Cost of the Investment and of the produced Desalinated Seawater is covered by the proceeds of the sale of the produced Negative CO2 Emission Rights to third parties, as well as by the sale of the produced Pyrolytic Activated Carbon as a Soil Conditioner plus the possible excess of Electricity, thus resulting in the production of Desalinated Sea Water at Zero Cost, even for the greening with crops and reforestation in desert areas using special energy plants suitable for Short Rotation Forestry Plantations in deserts, such as the Energy Plant Trifolia Anagenesis, irrigated by part of the produced quantity of Desalinated Sea Water, as above,

10) In the Production of Ultra-Green Ammonia, which currently consumes more than 55% of the 170 Million Tons of produced Industrial Gray Hydrogen, which as Ultra-Green Ammonia is characterized by the fact that it can be used, in addition to other applications, either as an Ultra-Green Fertilizer or as an Ultra-Green Fuel for Ships and other Means of Transport due to the use of Ultra-Green Hydrogen,

11) In the Decarbonization of the difficult Steel Sector, which releases 8% of global Carbon Dioxide Emissions, where the European Union produces 190 million tons per year, about 11% of the global production of 1,800 million tons per year [10], where the lifetime duration of the Steel Blast Furnaces is of the order of 40 years with prohibitive replacement costs, where its existence is at risk of extinction if it is not decarbonized and where in the contrary by the use of the Ultra-Green Mixture MEi or MBi, its Decarbonization is achieved with minimal or no changes in the Blast Furnaces, where we will now have the production of not just of Green Steel but the production of Ultra-Green Steel (Y-ST) with the possibility of producing it with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions, [9], [11], [16],

12) In the Decarbonization of the also difficult Branch of the Cement Industry, which emits 7-8% of the global emissions of Carbon Dioxide, where the emissions of Carbon Dioxide are due to a percentage of more than 50% to the decomposition of the Carbonate Rocks used for the production of Cement, where the current level of the art does not have any competitive method of Decarbonization and where, in the contrary by the use of the Ultra-Green Mixture MEi or MBi, Decarbonization is achieved and the production of not just Green Cement but the production of Ultra-Green Cement (Y-CEM) with the possibility of producing it and with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions,

D. DRAWINGS

- Drawing No.l shows the General Arrangement of the Interconnection of TECHNOLOGY YA with TECHNOLOGY A through the Initial Power Generation Units with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions AMHi, as well as the interconnection of the produced Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE3 from the Water Electrolysis Units MHN3 and subsequently with the Mixing of HE3 with NG 009 _B and other Fossil Fuels such as Coal or Lignite 009A for the production of the Ultra-Green Mixtures ME3 _B or ME3 _A for the Decarbonization of Electricity Production Units CCPP, OCPP and FFPP in Ultra-Green Units Y-CCPP, Y-OCPP and Y-FFPP and with an increase in their power x 10 or x 6.8 or x 4.45 respectively,

- Drawing No.2 shows the General Layout of the Interconnection of TECHNOLOGY YA with TECHNOLOGY A as above, in combination with a large number of Water Electrolysis Units MHN4 and MHN4A for the on-site Production of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE4 or HE4 _A in NG Pipelines or at NG Stations or in CNG Production Stations or in FSRU Units or in High Pressure HPT4 _A Vessel Filling Units with Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE4 _A for Ultra-Green Mixture ME4 _A on the Means of Transport or Ultra-Green Mixture ME4 for Ultra-Green Power Generation Units with the possibility of Reducing the Wholesale Price of the Kilowatt Hour,

- Drawing No.3 shows the General Layout of the Interconnection of TECHNOLOGY YA with TECHNOLOGY A as above, in combination with Local Water Electrolysis Units MH7 _A or MH7 _B and MH7 _E on the one hand for the on-site Single or Double Path Production of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE7 _A or HE7B respectively and on the one hand, for the production of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE7 _E or HE7 _Z in combination with NG or Gasified Coal Reforming with Steam for the Decarbonization of Ammonia Production or the Production of Ultra-Green Industrial Hydrogen HE7E or HE7 _Z ,

- Drawing No.4 shows the General Layout of the Interconnection of TECHNOLOGY YA with TECHNOLOGY A, where on the one hand, with the use of Ultra-Green Electricity UGEL1 in combination with Local Water Electrolysis Units MHN9 _A , Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE9 is produced for the Production of Ultra-Green Steel Y-ST with the DRI+EAF or BF+BOF Methods and on the other hand TECHNOLOGY A through the Pyrolysis-Carbonation Units A.4.1i provides part or all of the production of Ultra-Clean Biomass Volatiles 009, which in Mixing with NG 009B or with Metallurgical Coke 009 _A create the Ultra-Green Mixtures MB9 _E or MB9 _Z for the Production of the Ultra-Green Y-ST Steel with the DRI+EAF or BF+BOF Steel Production Methods,

- Drawing No. 5 shows the General Layout of the Interconnection of TECHNOLOGY YA with TECHNOLOGY A where, on the one hand, with the use of Ultra-Green Electricity UGEL1 in combination with Local Water Electrolysis Units MHN10 _A , Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE10 is produced, which by mixing with NG 009 _B or with Metallurgical Coke 009 _A creates the UltraGreen Mixtures MEIOB or MB10 _A for the Production of Ultra-Green Cement Y-CEM with the two corresponding Clinker Firing Methods and on the other hand TECHNOLOGY A through the Pyrolysis-Carbonation Units A.4.1i provides part or the entire production of Ultra-Clean Biomass Volatiles 009, which mixed with NG 009 _B or with Metallurgical Coke 009 _A create the Ultra-Green Mixtures MB10 _E or MB10 _z for the Production of the Ultra-Green Cement Y-CEM with the two corresponding Clinker Firing Methods for the production of Cement, E. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCTION OF ULTRA-GREEN HYDROGEN AND ULTRAGREEN BIOMASS VOLATILES FOR BLENDING WITH NATURAL GAS AND FOSSIL FUELS FOR ULTRA-GREEN ELECTRICITY, ULTRA-GREEN TRANSPORTATION FUELS, FREE SEAWATER DESALINATION AND DECARBONIZATION OF INDUSTRY

1. A Ultra-Green Hydrogen (HEi) and Ultra-Green Biomass Volatiles (009) Production System for Blending with Natural Gas and Fossil Fuels for Ultra-Green Electricity, UltraGreen Fuels for Transportation, Free Seawater Desalination and Decarbonisation of Industry, which is characterized in that it is produced by Water Electrolysis Units (MHN1) with use of Ultra-Green Electricity (UGEL), which has been produced by the Initial Power Generation Units of Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions AMHi, as described above and in the Patent with OBI Number 1009990/11.05.2021 entitled " A CLIMATE CHANGE DEFENCE SYSTEM WITH NEGATIVE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION UNITS" [1],

Where the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi Production System is characterized by the fact that unlike the current state of the art, which aims to produce simple Green Hydrogen H2 with very low or zero Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Renewable Energy Sources (RES), through Water Electrolysis Units MHN2 and then transport and storage of the Green Hydrogen H2 in order to supply either Green Units for the production of simple Green Electricity in order to cover the Load Curve during the periods not covered by the Electricity Generation from RES, or for the replacement with Green Hydrogen H2 of the Gray Industrial Hydrogen from the Reforming of Natural Gas with Steam or the Brown Industrial Hydrogen from the Reforming of Gasified Coal with Steam,

However, the production cost of Green Hydrogen H2 is characterized by being very expensive and not competitive with the cost of Gray Industrial Hydrogen from the Reforming of NG with Steam or from Coal Gasification respectively (for fuels prices before the Crisis), despite the constantly decreasing cost of Electricity Production from RES, mainly due to the following Technical Requirements of Green Hydrogen H2 from RES, which multiply its costs and are not expected to be resolved in the immediate future, but in the contrary are immediately resolved or abolished by the use of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi, namely:

First, the production of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi is characterized by the fact that it is done using MHN1 Water Electrolysis Units with Electricity from the Initial Power Generation Units with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions AMHi of TECHNOLOGY A, with an availability of more than seventy-five to eighty-five percent (6500-7500 Hours/Year), while on the contrary Green Hydrogen H2 is produced by RES, which are a stochastic size with availability fifteen to thirty percent of the time (1300 to 2600 KWH/Year for PV and Wind in Greece ), so for the production of equivalent energy of Green Hydrogen H2 from RES, the installation of three to five times more capacity of Water Electrolysis Units in relation to Water Electrolysis Units for the production of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi is required, for the above reason,

Second the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi is also characterized by the fact that in a Mixture with a much larger amount of NG, indicatively 35-fold, it creates the Ultra-Green Mixture MEi of Natural Gas with Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi, which supplies up to 10 times the capacity of Ultra-Green Combined Cycle Power Plants (UCCPP) with NG, in relation to the capacity of the AMHi from which the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi is produced with Water Electrolysis Units MHN1, so the power ratio of Water Electrolysis Units MHN2 of simple Green Hydrogen H2 from RES in relation to the capacity of the MHN1 Water Electrolysis Units of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi, as above, is multiplied by ten, i.e. it becomes 30 to 50 times greater, and correspondingly 20 to 34 times greater in the application with UOCPP or 13 to 22 times greater in the application with UFFPP and with further deterioration due to the third Technical Requirement below for simple Green Hydrogen H2 from RES, namely:

Third, the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi is also characterized by being produced with constant power over time from the combined electricity production of AMHis, in contrast to the simple Green Hydrogen H2 from RES which is produced with non-constant power both on a daily and seasonal basis, resulting in the need for expensive storage facilities for simple Green Hydrogen H2 in the form of Ammonia or in the form of ultra-high pressure Hydrogen Gas H2 storage, so that it is available to cover the Load Curve from RES both on a daily and seasonal basis, so the power ratio of the simple Green Hydrogen H2 Water Electrolysis Units MHN2 with the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi Water Electrolysis Units MHN1, worsens even more, due to the need to install additional capacity of the Green Hydrogen H2 Water Electrolysis Units MHN2 during the summer period of increased production for storage of Green Hydrogen H2 for the winter period of reduced production,

Fourth, the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi is also characterized by the fact that its production can be done by installing the Water Electrolysis Units MHN1 on-site in the areas where its use is necessary, such as in the areas of the respective Combined Cycle Power Plant Units (CCPPs) with NG or Fossil Fuel-Fired Power Plants or at the Exit of NG from NG Pipelines or at the Exit of NG from Regasification of LNG in FSRU Units or in the production areas of UltraGreen CNG for the Means of Transport at Fueling Stations or in the areas of use of Industrial Hydrogen, with the transfer of Electricity with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the AMHi where it is produced, to the respective areas of use of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi, through a Virtual Net Metering Agreement with the respective Network Operator, such as ADMIE, without the need to implement the storage of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi or the expensive and extensive Transmission and Distribution Network that the use of Green Hydrogen H2 requires,

Where, on the contrary, Green Hydrogen H2 from RES is unable to take advantage of the possibility of using the Electricity Network for the transport of Green Electricity and the production of Green Hydrogen H2 from RES on-site at its place of use as above, because on the one hand the amount of Green Electricity to be transferred from RES for Green Hydrogen H2 in relation to the corresponding Ultra-Green Electricity UGEL for Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi is over 30-50 times greater, as above, so it would be necessary multiple transmission capacity of the Electricity Network and on the other hand in the era of Green Electricity from RES, it cannot take advantage of the Storage in the Network of the Excess Electricity produced by RES in the summer for energy compensation with Electricity from the Network in the Winter, because simply due to reduced production from RES in Winter, especially from PV, not only will there be no available Electricity in the Grid to offset the summer surplus, but instead Stored Green Hydrogen H2 will have to be pumped in to cover the shortfall in the Load Curve the Winter,

Whereas, on the contrary, Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi is characterized by the fact that due to its constant and uniform production with mutually complementary production from AMHis, it can take advantage of the possibility of direct offset offered by the Virtual Energy Net Metering for produced and immediately available Ultra-Green Electricity of 30- at least 50 times smaller in size, which is transported to the place of use of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi with possible small daily energy compensation, without requiring seasonal storage and corresponding energy compensation and thus avoids the implementation costs and losses of the Green Transmission and Distribution Network of Hydrogen H2, so it not only avoids the cost of its implementation but also reduces the implementation time of the transition to the era of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi,

Where the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi and Ultra-Green Biomass Volatiles 009 Production System is characterized by consisting of the following Components and Innovative Features, namely: a) From the Water Electrolysis Units (MHNi), using Ultra-Green Electricity UGEL, from the Initial Power Generation Units with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions AM Hi,

Where MHNi Water Electrolysis Units are characterized by a degree of efficiency approaching 80% and constantly improving, they split water into Hydrogen and Oxygen, thus producing Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi, which is charged with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions with which the Ultra-Green Electricity UGEL has been produced, which was used for its production, as well as having a capacity ratio of less than 1/30 to 1/50 to the Water Electrolysis Units MHN2 for the production of Green Hydrogen H2 from RES, as below,

Where the MHNi Water Electrolysis Units are characterized by the fact that they can be either Alkaline Water Electrolysis Units, or Electrolysis Units that use Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) as electrolyte or Steam Electrolysis Units that use Solid Oxide Electrolyte (SOSE - Solid Oxide Steam Electrolyzers) or other Water Electrolysis Unit Technologies, which will subsequently be referred to as MHNi Water Electrolysis Units, which are characterized by the fact that when they are powered by the Ultra-Green Electricity UGEL, produced by the Ultra-Green Initial AMHi Power Generation Units with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions, then the produced Hydrogen HEi is not simply Green, i.e. produced from Green Electricity from RES with zero or almost zero Carbon Dioxide emissions, but Ultra-Green because it is produced from Ultra-Green Electricity produced by UGEL of the Ultra-Green AMHi Initial Units, i.e. AMHi Initial Power Generation Units with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions of TECHNOLOGY A,

Indicatively for the Production, as below, of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi from the Modified into Ultra-Green Unit PTOLEMAIS V 660MW, using the produced Ultra-Green Electricity of 4.950.000MWH/660MW.Year with New Generation Water Electrolysis Units with Efficiency of the order of 80% and HHV 39,4MWH/Ton.HEi of Hydrogen, a production of 100.507,6Ton.HEi / Year is obtained, where each Ton of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi corresponds to 8.739.667 Ton.CO2 / 100.507,6Ton.HEi = 86,95 Tons of Negative CO2 Emissions / Ton.HEi, b) From the Initial AMHi Power Generation Units with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions of TECHNOLOGY A

Which are characterized by the fact that, on the one hand, they produce Ultra-Green Electricity with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions, as described in TECHNOLOGY A [1] by burning Ultra-Clean Biomass Volatiles 009 with parallel production of Pyrolytic Activated Carbon 008A and 008B, which constitutes the Negative Emissions of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and on the other hand that the Ultra-Green Electricity with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions UGEL, is used in the MHNi Water Electrolysis Units for the production of the UltraGreen Hydrogen HEi,

Where, for example, an Initial AMHi Unit, i.e. a Steam Electric Power Generation Unit A.5.1, such as for example the PTOLEMAIS V 660MW Lignite Unit, is characterized by the fact that for an Efficiency of 41,5%, Modified for Pure Biomass-Volatile-Firing for 7.500 Hours/Year, will consume 5.960.790 Tons of Biomass/Year and produce 4.950.000MWH Ultra-Green Electricity/Year from 3.577.266 Tons of Ultra-Clean Biomass Volatiles and at the same time 2.383.524 Tons of Pyrolytic Activated Carbon (Biochar)/Year, which represents the Sequestration of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide equal to 2.383.524 Ton. Biochar x 3,6667 Ton. CO2/Ton. Biochar = 8.739.667 Tons of Atmospheric CO2 / Year, i.e. 8.739.667 Tons of Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions / Year, which accompany and characterize the 4,950,000MWH of Ultra-Green Electricity UGEL/Year, c) From the Ultra-Green Mixture (MEi) of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi with Natural Gas NG or with other Mineral Fuels such as Oil, Coal, Lignite, etc.

Where the Ultra-Green Mixture MEi of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi with Natural Gas NG or with other Fossil Fuels is characterized by the fact that it consists of a Mixture of a larger quantity of Natural Gas with a smaller quantity of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi, in such a proportion that the algebraic sum of the Carbon Dioxide Emissions of the Natural Gas with the Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi to give a total of Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions, so that the Mixture of Natural Gas and Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi is designated as Ultra-Green Mixture MEi of Natural Gas and Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi,

Where the concept of Ultra-Green Mixture MEi can also characterize a Mixture of other Fossil Fuels, apart from NG, with Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi, in proportions as above, in order to characterize the corresponding Fossil-Fuel-Fired Units in which Mixed Combustion of the Ultra-Green Mixture of Ultra-Green Hydrogen with the corresponding Fossil-Fuel (such as Oil, Coal, Lignite, LPG, etc.) as Ultra-Green,

Where, for example, the Ultra-Green Mixture MEi, consisting of 35 Tons of Natural Gas NG with 1.0 Ton of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi, gives an algebraic sum of the Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Natural Gas, (i.e. 35Ton.NG x 2,445Ton.CO2 /Ton. NG = + 85,575 Ton.CO2 / 32.5Ton.NG) minus the Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi (i.e. 1.0 Ton HEi x 86,95 Ton.CO2 / Ton. HEi = - 86,95 Ton.CO2 / l.OTon.HEi) give as an algebraic sum 85,575 - 86,95 = - - 1,375 Tons of CO2, i.e. Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions, so that the Natural Gas Mixture and Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi to be defined as an UltraGreen Mixture MEi of Natural Gas NG and Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi, with very important consequences from its use, as below and respectively for the Ultra-Green Mixture (M Ei) of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi and with other Fossil Fuels as above, d) From the Ultra-Green Mixture (MBi) of Ultra-Green Biomass Volatiles 009 with Natural Gas NG or with other Fossil Fuels such as Oil, Coal, Lignite, etc.

Where the Ultra-Green Mixture (MBi) of Ultra-Green Biomass Volatiles 009 with Natural Gas NG or with other Fossil Fuels is characterized by the fact that it consists of a Mixture of a larger quantity of Natural Gas with a smaller quantity of Ultra-Green Biomass Volatiles 009, in such proportion so that the algebraic sum of the Carbon Dioxide Emissions of the Natural Gas and the Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions of the Ultra-Green Biomass Volatiles 009 give as a whole Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions so that the Mixture of Natural Gas and Ultra-Green Biomass Volatiles 009 is determined as Ultra-Green,

Where the concept of MBi Ultra-Green Mixture can also characterize a Mixture of other Fossil Fuels, apart from NG, with Ultra-Green Biomass Volatiles 009, in proportions such as above, so as to characterize the Reduction with the Ultra-Green Mixture as Ultra-Green MBi of Iron Ore for the production of Green Steel or the reduction of Clinker for the production of Green Cement or the corresponding Fossil Fuel Units in which there is Mixed Combustion of Ultra-Green Biomass Volatiles 009 with the corresponding Fossil Fuel (such as Oil, Coal, Lignite, LPG etc.), e) The innovative Transmission and Distribution System of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi through NG Pipelines or through Virtual Energy Net Metering,

Which is characterized by the fact that on the one hand the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi can be injected in quantities of 5-15% directly into the adjacent to the Initial Units AMHi Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines without changing the technical characteristics of the Pipelines, thus avoiding the cost and the need to install a special Transmission, Distribution and Storage Network of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi for mass transport of the production of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi from AMHi and on the other hand with the installation of the MHNi Water Electrolysis Units for the production of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi in the area of its respective use, indicatively in the area of the Ultra-Green Combined Cycle Power Generation Units with NG (UCCPP) or the Ultra-Green Open-Cycle Power Plants with NG (UOCPP) or Ultra-Green Fossil-Fuel-Fired Power Plants (UFFPP) or in the area of NG/CNG Refueling Stations or FSRU Units or Ultra-Green CNG Production Stations for Cars and Trucks or in the area of Decarbonized Industries, thus avoiding the cost and the need to build a special Transmission and Distribution Network of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi from the Initial Power Generation Units of Negative CO2 Emissions AMHi to the places of its respective use, while the transfer of the Ultra-Green Electricity for the on-site production of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi, can be done by the respective Network Operator, through a Virtual Energy Net Metering Agreement,

2. An Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE3 System, for the Creation of Ultra-Green Units UCCPP or UOCPP or UFFPP of multiple capacity to the Initial Negative CO2 Emission Power Plant AMHi of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen production,

Where the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE3 System is characterized by the creation of the UltraGreen Mixture ME3 of Natural Gas NG or other Fossil Fuels, indicatively Coal, Lignite, Oil, LPG, etc., with Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE3, such as above in Paragraph 1, converts into Ultra -Green New or Existing Fossil-Fuel-Fired Units, while multiplying the Capacity of the created Ultra-Green Combined Cycle Power Plants UCCPP with NG or the Ultra-Green Open-Cycle Power Plants with NG (UOCPP) or other Ultra-Green Fossil-Fuel-Fired Power Plants (UFFPP) in relation to the capacity of the Initial Power Generation Unit of Negative CO2 Emissions AMHi of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE3, indicatively with multiplication to 10-fold Capacity Ultra-Green Combined Cycle Power Plants UCCPP with NG or to 6,8-fold Capacity UltraGreen Open Cycle Power Plants UOCPP with NG or to 4,45-fold Capacity Ultra-Green Fossil Fuel-Fired Power Plants UFFPP with Coal, in relation to the capacity of the Ultra-Green AMHi, which produces the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE3,

Which are characterized by the fact that by burning the Ultra-Green Mixture ME3 of Natural Gas or Fossil Fuel with Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE3, instead of emitting Carbon Dioxide, they instead absorb and bind some smaller amounts of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, which have been allowed in the ratio of ME3 Mixture with HE3 Ultra-Green Hydrogen, so that the Units are considered of Negative Emissions of Carbon Dioxide or with very Low Carbon Dioxide Emissions depending on the design and needs, Where the HE3 Ultra-Green Hydrogen System is further characterized by producing the Ultra-Green Mixture ME3 _B of Natural Gas 009 _B with Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE3 or ME3 _A of Coal or Lignite 009 _A with Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE3 on-site with the on-site installation of the MHN3 Water Electrolysis Units for the production of the HE3 Ultra-Green Hydrogen and its injection into the NG Pipeline or the Fossil Fuel Pipeline that supplies the respective UCCPP, UOCPP or UFFPP, while the transfer of Ultra-Green Electricity UGEL for the on-site production of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE3, can be done by the respective Network Operator through a Virtual Energy Net Metering type contract, otherwise as above in Paragraph 1,

3. An Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE4 and HE4 _A System for the Production of Ultra-Green CNG and LPG as well as of the Ultra-Green Liquid Fuels for the Decarbonization of Cars, Trucks and Other Means of Transport,

Which is characterized by the fact that it proceeds on the one hand with the Decarbonization of the Means of Transport as above and on the other hand with the Rescue of both the European Internal Combustion Engine Industry and the use of Natural Gas and Liquid Fuels as Ultra-Green NG and Ultra-Green Liquid Fuels of the Means of Transport as below,

Where in contrast to the current state of the art, where the use of Green Hydrogen H2 from RES is sought for the Decarbonization of the Means of Transport either with the development of new Internal Combustion Engines with pure Green Hydrogen H2 or with the use of Fuel Cells fueled with Green Hydrogen H2 in particular for Trucks, where the "Euro7" Plan envisages refueling stations with Green Hydrogen H2 from RES every 60 kilometers on the million kilometers of the EU and International Motorway Network, while at the same time, based on a recent EU Decision, the manufacture of Cars with Internal Combustion Engines with Fossil Fuels is prohibited from 2035, creating an existential problem both for the thriving European Internal Combustion Engine Industry and for the European Automotive Industry itself, due to the absence of an environmentally compatible alternative,

Where the current state of the art has not succeeded in presenting Internal Combustion Engine technology without Carbon Dioxide emissions, resulting in the EU Decision on 12.05.2022 banning the production of Internal Combustion Engine Cars from 2035 [22] (in practice the ban will enter through the back door from 2025, according to the Automotive Industry) [20], [21], thus putting in existential danger the thriving and highly sophisticated EU Internal Combustion Engine industry and the very vanguard of the European Automotive Industry, which employs over 12,6 million Europeans (directly and indirectly), representing 6,6% of all jobs in the EU, where motor vehicles account for €398,4 billion in taxes in major European markets and where the turnover generated by the automotive industry represents over 8% of EU GDP [23] i.e. 1,254 Trillion Euros in 2020 based on data from the ACEA [23],

On the contrary, the Production of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE4 and HE4A of the present invention is characterized by the fact that it gives an innovative solution, which saves the flourishing European Internal Combustion Engine Industry and avoids the degradation of the European Automotive Industry, where the Mixture ME4 and ME4 _A of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE4 and HE4 _A with the fuels of the Means of Transport for their conversion into Ultra-Green Transport Fuels is characterized by the following, namely:

- As for the NG in the form of CNG with direct injection of the produced on-site as above Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE4 into the Natural Gas Supply Pipe of the respective NG Gas Stations or CNG Production Stations,

- For Conventional Liquid Fuels in the form of Gasoline, Diesel, LPG, Fuels for Ships, Airplanes or others, with Storage of the produced on-site as above Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE4 _A under High Pressure in suitable HPT4A 400-600Bar High Pressure Vessels onboard the Means of Transport, from which the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE4 _A is sent for direct injection into the Blender of each Conventional Fuel, indicatively of a Conventional Carburetor or High Pressure Injection Unit of Internal Combustion Engines or Airplane Gas Turbines, in the prescribed proportion so that the resulting ME4 _A Mixture is Ultra-Green of Low Charge in Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions or even a Low Carbon Dioxide Emission Mixture, depending on the design and needs, while also eliminating the need to build the otherwise necessary Storage, Transport and Distribution Network of the Green Hydrogen H2 from RES.

Where such a High Pressure Vessel HPT4 _A , designed for a quantity of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE11 equal to about 1/25 of the weight of the corresponding Conventional Fuel, as above, so indicatively at a weight of 45 kg of Conventional Fuel (about 60 Liters of Gasoline or 73 Liters Diesel Oil) will correspond to 1,77775 or 1,8375 kg of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE4 _A respectively, which for 1,8 kg of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE4 _A at a pressure of 600 Bar corresponds to a 45 Liter HPT4 _A High Pressure Vessel, which is acceptable for a route of 600 to 700 kilometers between two refuelings,

Where for the cost of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE4 _A at the Fuel Stations, which results from the cost of the Super-Green Electricity of Water Electrolysis on-site at the Stations equal to 1,8 Kg x (39, 4 ¹ KWH/Kg/0.80) x 0,09 Euro/KWH= 7,98 Euro/60 Liters of Gasoline, where the energy value of the injected 1,8 Kilos of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE4 _A equal to 1,8 Kg x 33,3 ² KWH/Kg = 59,94 KWH is subtracted, equivalent with 59,94/8,8889 = 6,7425 Liters of Gasoline x 2,0 Euros/Liter of Gasoline = 13,485 Euros/60 Liters of Gasoline, i.e. it also leaves a profit margin of 13,485 - 7,98= 5,505 Euros/60 Liters of Gasoline, which covers the cost of the corresponding Water Electrolysis Unit as well as the Daily Storage at the Stations), i.e. the conversion of common Gasoline into a Green Zero Emission one allows not to increase the cost of fuel for the Decarbonization of Transportation.

4, A Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE4 System for the Decarbonization of the rest of the PV Consumption by the Decarbonization of the PV from the PV Pipelines or from the Gasification of the LNG in the FSRUs,

Which is characterized by the fact that it proceeds with the Decarbonization of the rest of the consumption of NG, which comes either from NG Pipelines or from the Gasification of LNG in FSRUs, as analyzed below, i.e.:

Where the Decarbonization of the remaining NG Consumption in Thermal Uses or Uses for Power Generation is characterized by being achieved by Mixing the produced on-site UltraGreen Hydrogen HE4 with Natural Gas, which comes from NG Pipelines or from Gasification of LNG in FSRUs, for the creation of the Ultra-Green Mixture ME4, by Injection of the UltraGreen Hydrogen HE4 into the Output Pipes of the NG from the Transmission Pipelines or by Injection into the Output Pipes of the NG from LNG Gasification at the FSRU Stations, where, using for production of Ultra-Green Electricity in Ultra-Green Combined Cycle Power Plants, it is possible to reduce the Wholesale Price of the produced Ultra-Green Electricity, even at pre-crisis price levels, as below, namely:

Where the conversion of the NG from Pipelines or from LNG Regasification from FSRUs to Ultra-Green NG enables either twenty times the operating profit of the NG Pipelines or FSRUs, as below, or enables the use of a large part of the Pipelines' Ultra-Profits or of the FSRU Units ones as below, to reduce the Wholesale Price of the Ultra-Green Electricity produced in the Ultra-Green Combined Cycle Power Plants, to levels corresponding even to the prices before the crisis, as below, namely:

¹ The Higher Calorific Value of Hydrogen of 39,4KWH/Kg for Production by Electrolysis and Electrolysis Efficiency of 80% (already achieved in the laboratory and expected soon on a commercial scale) and the Lower Calorific Value of Hydrogen of 33,3KWH/Kg for the production of energy in Internal Combustion Engines in a mixture with Gasoline or Diesel (www.En ineerin ToolBox.com)

² LHV of Gasoline = 32MJ/Liter = 32 x 0.277778 = 8.88 KWH/Liter (www.EngineeringToolBox.com) Indicatively, the conversion to Ultra-Green NG of 5,5 Billion M3 of Natural Gas of a typical FSRU Unit such as that of Alexandroupolis, has the following effects on the operation and economics of the fed Combined Cycle Power Plants (CCPP) with NG, with a capacity of 7,66 GW in Greece and the Balkans, as below: a) The 7,66 GW CCPP x 5.000 Hours/Year = 38,3 Million MWh/Year operating with UltraGreen Mix ME4 of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE4 with Natural Gas, with Injection of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE4 in the Pipeline of the output of the NG from the Gasification of LNG at the FSRU Station, are excluded from the carbon dioxide emission rights fees, which are estimated at 1,325 Billion Euros per year, b) The Ultra-Green FSRU Unit is also credited with the value of the used Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions estimated at 1,988 Billion Euro per year, c) The Ultra-Green FSRU is also credited with the value of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE4 injected into the NG, which is estimated at 608 Million. Euro per year, d) It is also estimated that the imposition of an Environmental Premium, due to Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions, of the order of 20% on the selling price of the NG (equal to 5,5 BillionM3/Year x 10.5KWh/M3 x 120 Euros/MWh = 6,930 Billion Euros/Year) is justified, which is estimated at 1,346 Billion Euros peryear. e) It is worth noting that the operation of the respective Initial Ultra-Green Electricity Production Units of 1.0 GW with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions AMHi, results in another very important Pre-Tax Profit of the order of 1,487 Billion Euros per year.

Total Profits Before Taxes: 1,325 + 1,988 + 0,608 + 1,346 + 1,487 = 6,754 Billion Euros Annually, which is 97,46% of the annual turnover of 6,930 Billion Euros for the 5,5 Billion M3 NG per typical FSRU Unit as above or 19,5 times the FSRU operating profit for a 5% sales profit and a 120 Euro/MWh NG price.

Alternatively, the Government could tax the Pre-Tax Ultra- Profits as above to reduce Electricity Costs to almost pre-Energy-Crisis levels, even with natural gas prices at €120 per MWh, after the war in Ukraine, indicatively as follows:

The price of Natural Gas before the Energy Crisis was in the range of 20-24 Euro/MWh, which is 20/120 Euro/MWh = 0.167 or 16.7% of the expected price of Natural Gas after the Ukrainian war. In total, the pre-tax profits of 6,754 Billion Euros per year, constitute 97,46% of the annual turnover of 6,930 Billion Euros per year, which means that if the Government taxed the Ultra-Profits Before Taxes for a reduction to 15% of the sales turnover of 6,930 Billion Euro per year, i.e. at 1,013 Billion Euro per year, they can use the difference of 6,754 - 1,013 = 5,741 Billion Euro per year (corresponding to 5,741 /6,930 = 0,82842 or 100,00-82,843= 17,157% of the price of Natural Gas of 120 Euro/MWh, with an apparent reduction in the price of Natural Gas to 120 x 0,17157= 20,59 Euro/MWh, the same or even lower than the Price of Natural Gas before the Crisis) in order to reduce the Wholesale Price of Electricity from 120/0,6=200 Euro/MWh to 20,59/0,6 = 34,32 Euro/MWh, which is the same or even lower than the Wholesale Price of Electricity before the Energy Crisis of last year.

In other words, this is also a long-term Fiscal Relief of the State Budget, which has been burdened with 40 Billion Euros so far for the support of Households and Businesses from the jump in the price of NG and the consequent jump in the price of Electricity, which will not be feasible for the next few years, if the NG prices remain, as predicted, in the range of 90-120 Euro/MWh after the war in Ukraine.

The same methodology can be applied to the rest of the European Countries and beyond, constituting a Unique Opportunity for Greek Businesses in the context of Delignification, which will be carried out with high objectives of reviving the PPC Units into Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions Units and reducing of the price of Electricity as above, with all the other advantages from the use of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen of the present invention.

5. A Zero-Cost Desalinated Seawater Production System through a MEi Mixture of HEi Ultra-Green Hydrogen with NG or other Fossil Fuels, in collaboration with Short Rotation Forestry Plantations for the supply of the necessary Biomass,

Where the MEi Mixture of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi with Natural Gas or other Fossil Fuels results from the Combination of the Initial Power Generation Units with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions AMHi, as above, on the one hand with Short Rotation Forestry or SRF for the supply of the necessary Biomass and on the other hand with Water Electrolysis Units for the production of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi, which in a MEi Mixture with NG or other Fossil Fuels by burning the MEi Mixture in Ultra-Green Power Generation Units multiplies the production of Green Electricity, as above, for use of the generated multiple Electricity in Seawater Desalination Units. Where only part of the produced Desalinated Seawater is used for the irrigation of the Short Rotation Forestry Plantation, typically around 8-15%, while the remaining 85-92% is available either to meet human needs or to irrigate crops or reforestation, thus converting Arid Lands or even Deserts to Green Oases.

Where the Total Cost of the relevant Investment together with the cost of the produced Desalinated Seawater is fully covered by the proceeds from the sale of the produced Negative CO2 Emission Rights to third parties, as well as from the sale of the produced Pyrolytic Activated Carbon as Soil Conditioner as well as any excess Electricity, thus producing Desalinated Seawater at Zero Cost, available also for greening with crops and reforestation in Desert areas, where the use of Special Energy Plants suitable for Short Rotation Forestry Plantations in Deserts, such as the Trifolia Anagenesis Plant, irrigated by part of the of produced quantity of Desalinated Sea Water, as above,

6. An Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE7 Production System for the Production of Ultra-Green Ammonia (Y-AM) or Ultra-Green Industrial Hydrogen (HE7 _A n HE7B),

Where 55% of the world's Hydrogen production is intended for the production of Ammonia [9], which in 2018 amounted to 170 million tons, which contain 30 million tons of Gray Hydrogen produced from Natural Gas or Brown Hydrogen from other Fossil Fuels with emissions of more than 350 million tons of Carbon Dioxide, which with the production and use of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE7 for the production of Ultra-Green Ammonia, are not only avoided but also result in Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions, while the same applies for the remaining 45% of Industrial Hydrogen for Refineries and the rest of the Industry, as below,

Where the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE7 Production System for the Production of Ultra-Green Ammonia or Ultra-Green industrial Hydrogen is characterized by the fact that it is implemented:

Either with the TE7 _A Method using HE7 _A Ultra-Green Single-Path Hydrogen with the installation of the MHN7 _A Water Electrolysis Units on site in the Industries as above, for the Production of the HE7 _A Ultra-Green Single-Path Hydrogen of a small amount but highly charged in Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions, on the basis of which Ultra-Green Ammonia is produced in a small amount but with a high charge in Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions, which, when mixed with an appropriate ratio with other products with a positive charge in Carbon Dioxide, indicatively Fertilizers, can create final products of Zero or of Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions, indicative of Compound Fertilizers for Agriculture.

Or with the TE7 _B Method using Ultra-Green Hydrogen of Dual Path HE7 _B of a large amount, indicatively 8-fold, but low charge in Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions, where a Single Path is inserted where the Ultra-Green Electricity UGEL1, produced by the Ultra-Green Initial Power Plant with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions AMH1 is initially converted to UltraGreen Hydrogen HE7 on-site in an equal number of Water Electrolysis Units MHNIA- MHNIOA in each cooperating UCCPP1-UCCPP10, where each Ton of the produced UltraGreen Hydrogen HE7 _A is mixed with a larger amount of NG, indicatively with 35 Tons of NG per Ton of HE7 _A , so that the ME7 _A Mixture is also Ultra-Green, but with a lower CO2 Negative Emissions Load than HE7 _A , and supplies the UCCPP1-UCCPP10, with multiple power, indicatively 10-fold capacity in relation to AMH1 and correspondingly 10-fold Generation of UGEL2 compared to UGEL1 from the UCCPP1-UCCPP10,

Where then in the Dual Route the UGEL2 Electricity Generation is characterized by being transferred by the Network Operator through a Virtual Energy Net Metering Agreement to the respective Ultra-Green Ammonia or Industrial Hydrogen Unit, as above, where the larger UGEL2 Electricity Generation is converted into Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE7 _B , with a lower charge of Negative CO2 Emissions than HE7 _A but with a multiple quantity, indicatively 8-fold, which is produced through Water Electrolysis Units MHN1 _B -MHN1O _B installed on site in the area of each use, as above,

Where Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE7 _A or HE7 _B is characterized by the fact that it can be a component in addition to the production of Ultra-Green Ammonia and a component for the needs of Ultra-Green Industrial Hydrogen HE7 _A or HE7 _B to replace Industrial Gray or Brown Hydrogen and in the others Industry Sectors,

Where the Ultra-Green Electricity UGEL1 or UGEL2 with High or Low Charge respectively in Negative CO2 Emissions, is characterized by being transferred by the respective Network Operator through a Virtual Energy Net Metering Agreement for the production of the UltraGreen Hydrogen HE7 _A with High Charge in Negative CO2 Emissions and HE7 _B with Low Charge in Negative CO2 Emissions with on-site Water Electrolysis in its final use areas as above, otherwise as above in Paragraph 1, 7. An Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE7E or HE7 _Z Production System for the Production of UltraGreen Ammonia (Y-AM) or Ultra-Green Industrial Hydrogen (HE7 _E or HE7 _Z ),

Where alternatively to Paragraph 5 instead of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE7 _A and HE7 _B Production System for the Production of Ultra-Green Ammonia or Ultra-Green Industrial Hydrogen, the Ultra-Green Hydrogen Production System HE7 _E and HE7 _Z is applied, which is characterized by the fact that it is implemented:

Either with the TE7 _E Method of Natural Gas Reforming with Steam (H ₂ O), where instead of the pure NG the Ultra-Green Mixture ME7 _E of Natural Gas and Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE7 _A highly charged with Negative CO2 Emissions is applied, before or after the Reforming of the NG with Steam, from which Ultra-Green Industrial Hydrogen HE7 _E of Low Charge with Negative CO2 Emissions is produced, so the produced Industrial Hydrogen HE7 _E will be UltraGreen respectively and can be a component except of the production of Ultra-Green Ammonia and for the needs of Ultra-Green Industrial Hydrogen H E7 _E to replace Industrial Gray Hydrogen in the other branches of Industry as well,

Or with the TE7 _Z Method of Industrial Hydrogen Production with Coal Gasification Reforming with Steam, which is characterized by the fact that instead of pure Coal, the Ultra-Green Mixture ME7 _Z of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE1 Highly Charged with Negative CO2 Emissions will be used with the Coal before the Coal Gasification Reforming or after Coal Gasification Reforming with the resulting Brown Hydrogen, which changes into Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE7 _Z with a Low Charge in Negative CO2 Emissions and can be a component in addition to the production of Ultra-Green Ammonia and a component for the needs of Ultra-Green Industrial Hydrogen HE7 _Z and to replace the Industrial Brown Hydrogen in the other branches of the Industry,

Where the Ultra-Green Electricity with a High Charge in Negative CO2 Emissions, is transferred by the respective Network Operator through a Virtual Energy Net Metering Agreement to produce the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE1 with a High Charge in Negative CO2 Emissions with on-site Water Electrolysis on premises of its final use, otherwise as above in Paragraph 1,

8. An Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE9 Production System for the Decarbonization of Steelmaking for the Production of Ultra-Green Steel (Y-ST), Where the HE9 Ultra-Green Hydrogen Production System is characterized by the Decarbonization of Steel, one of the most challenging Industries with high Carbon Dioxide Emissions, where the EU produces over 170 million tones of steel per year, approximately 11% of Global Production Steel (data 2018), which with emissions of 1,85 tons of CO2/Ton of Steel, correspond to 8% of Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions [10] and where for their Decarbonization with simple Green Hydrogen H2 from RES in 2050 the EU will needed 400- 500TWHe of Green Electricity, about seven times the energy the industry buys now [11], equivalent to 90-100 GW of fossil fuel power generation or three to four times this capacity in RES plus multiple capacity of Electrolysis Units, with parallel problems of Grid and Storage of the simple Green Hydrogen H2 from RES, resulting in uncompetitive costs of the produced Green Steel, where overall, the EU steel industry is put in immediate existential danger if it does not immediately proceed to her Decarbonization,

Where the TE9A or TE9B Decarbonization Method of the Steelworks of the present invention is characterized by the fact that it makes use of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE9 Highly Charged with Negative CO2 Emissions, which is produced on-site at the Steelworks site by Water Electrolysis, where it is also characterized by the fact that the EU instead of using 90- 100 GW of electricity generation from Fossil Fuels or triple to quadruple RES capacity plus multiple corresponding capacity of Electrolysis Units, with parallel problems of Transmission Network and Storage of the simple Green Hydrogen H2,

On the contrary, only 22-25 GW of Ultra-Green Initial Units AMHi of Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions would be needed, with a corresponding submultiple capacity of Electrolysis Units and with the abolition of the need to create a Transmission and Storage Network of the simple Green Hydrogen H2 from RES, where the Units 22-25 GW as above, can result from the conversion of existing Coal Units, which are condemned to close based on the current state of the art and the Decarbonization Decision in the EU, with competitive costs and the possibility of immediate implementation within the next 5 years, with similar applications internationally,

Where also contrary to the current state of the art, the TE9 _A Steelmaking Decarburization Method of the present invention is characterized by the fact that with the use of the UltraGreen Hydrogen HE9, the Decarbonization can be done directly through both the main processes by which the steel is produced, namely: Either using the TE9 _A Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE9 Method, on the combination of the Blast Furnace (BF) and Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) methods using Metallurgical Coke as a reducing agent, which is the dominant production method in Europe, where the TE9 Method is characterized by the replacement of Metallurgical Coke with the Ultra-Green Mixture of ME9 _A Metallurgical Coke and Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE9, which is produced on site as above and mixed with the Metallurgical Coke, so with an appropriate ratio of Metallurgical Coke and Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE9, the ME9 _A Mixture becomes Ultra-Green, so much so that it offsets the Carbon Dioxide emissions from the reduction of Iron Ore plus additional small Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions, to the point that Steel Production from a strong pollutant of the environment with Carbon Dioxide to be transformed into Industry with Negative Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and on the other hand the Oxygen produced by the Electrolysis of Water for the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE9, is transmitted to the Basic Oxygen Furnace with further improvement of energy efficiency and economic efficiency for the production of Green Steel,

Or using the TE9B Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE9 Method on the Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) Method plus an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) with Reducing Natural Gas, where the TE9 _B Method is characterized by replacing the Natural Gas with the ME9 _B Ultra-Green Mixture of Natural Gas and HE9 Ultra-Green Hydrogen, which is produced on-site as above and mixed with the Natural Gas, so with an appropriate ratio of Natural Gas and HE9 Ultra-Green Hydrogen, the ME9 _B Mixture becomes Ultra-Green, so as to offset the Carbon Dioxide emissions that come from the use of Electricity in the Electric Arc Furnace if it does not come from RES, so that Steel Production from a strong polluter of the environment with Carbon Dioxide is transformed into an Industry with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions,

Where the transfer of Ultra-Green Electricity from AMH's Initial Production Unit of Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions for the production of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE9, in the respective Steel Plant, is characterized by the fact that it can be transferred by the Network Operator through an Agreement of Virtual Net Metering, otherwise as above in Paragraph 1,

8. An Ultra-Green Biomass Volatiles (009) Production System for Decarbonization of Steelmaking for the Production of Ultra-Green Steel (Y-ST),

Where alternatively to Paragraph 7 instead of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE9 _A and HE9 _B Production System for the Production of Ultra-Green Steel, is implemented the Ultra-Clean Biomass Volatiles 009 Production System, as in Claim 1, which is characterized in that it is implemented:

Either with the Method TE9 _E and TE9 _Z Ultra-Clean Biomass Volatiles 009 with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions, which are characterized by being produced on-site at the Steel Industry by a Pyrolysis-Carbonation Unit (A.4.1i) as in Paragraph 1 , where the Produced Ultra-Clean Biomass Volatiles 009, are characterized by being mixed with either the TE9 _E Method with the Reducing Natural Gas or with the TE9 _Z Method with the Reducing Metallurgical Coke, so with an appropriate ratio of Natural Gas or Metallurgical Coke and Ultra-Green Biomass Volatiles 009, the corresponding Mixture ME9 _E or ME9 _Z respectively becomes strongly Ultra-Green, so as to offset the Carbon Dioxide emissions that come also from the use of Electricity in the Electric Arc Furnace or from another source if this does not come from RES, so that Steel Production is transformed from a strong polluter of the environment with Carbon Dioxide into an Industry with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions, otherwise as above in Paragraph 1,

Where it is also characterized by completely abolishing the use of the otherwise required 400-500TWH Electricity, as well as the production and use of Green or Ultra-Green Hydrogen as above, otherwise as above in Paragraph 1,

9. An Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE10 Production System for the Decarbonization of the Cement Industry for the Production of Ultra-Green Cement (Y-CEM),

Where the HE10 Ultra-Green Hydrogen Production System is characterized by the Decarbonization of the most difficult Industry with the second highest Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Industry, namely the Decarbonization of the Cement Industry, with Carbon Dioxide Emissions equal to 7% of the total of CO2 Emissions [18], where Carbon Dioxide emissions come both from the emissions of the fuel used to roast the Clinker, which is either Metallurgical Coke mixed with RDF from Municipal Waste, or Natural Gas, as mainly from the Carbon Dioxide that comes from the decomposition (Calcination) of the Carbonate Rocks that make up the Clinker, equal to 52% of the total CO2 emissions of the Clinker firing [18] and for which the current state of the art does not have any competitive decarbonization method , Where the Decarbonization of the Cement Industry using TEIOA or TEIOB Method of UltraGreen Hydrogen HE10 with High Charge of Negative CO2 Emissions, is characterized by being implemented,

Either with the TEIOA Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE10 Method on the Clinker Firing Method with Natural Gas, which is characterized by replacing the Natural Gas with the Ultra-Green Mixture MEIO of Natural Gas with Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE1O, produced on site as above, so with an appropriate proportion of Natural Gas and Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE10, the MEIOA Mixture becomes strongly Ultra-Green, so as to offset not only the production of CO2 emissions from the Clinker Roasting fuel, but also the Carbon Dioxide Emissions that come from the Breakdown (Calcination) of the Carbonate Rocks that make up the Clinker, which make up 52% of all the CO2 emissions of the Clinker production, to the point that the production of Cement from a strong polluter of the environment with Carbon Dioxide turns into an Industry with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions,

Or using the TEIOB Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE10 Method on the Clinker Roasting Method with Metallurgical Coke mixed with RDF from Municipal Waste, which is characterized by replacing the Metallurgical Coke or RDF Fuel from municipal waste, with the Metallurgical Coke and RDF Ultra-Green Mixture ME10 _B with HE10 Ultra-Green Hydrogen, produced onsite as above, so with a suitable ratio of Metallurgical Coke and RDF and HELD Ultra-Green Hydrogen, the MEIOB Mixture becomes strongly Ultra-Green, enough to offset not only the production of the CO2 emissions from the Clinker firing fuel, but also the Carbon Dioxide emissions that come from the Calcination of the Carbonate Rocks that make up the Clinker, which make up 52% of the total CO2 emissions of the production of Clinker, to the point that the production of Cement from a strong polluter of the environment with Carbon Dioxide is transformed into an Industry with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions,

Where it is also characterized by the fact that the Ultra-Green Electricity with a High Charge in Negative CO2 Emissions, for the production of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE10 with onsite Water Electrolysis at its end-use sites for Technologies TEIOA and TEIOB, is transferred by the respective Network Operator through a Virtual Net Metering Agreement, avoiding the need to build a Transmission and Storage Network of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HE10, otherwise as above in Paragraph 1, 10. An Ultra-Green Biomass Volatiles 009 Production System for Decarbonization of the Cement Industry for the Production of Ultra-Green Cement (Y-CEM),

Where alternatively to Paragraph 9 instead of the Ultra-Green Hydrogen Production System HEIOA and HEIOB for the Production of Ultra-Green Cement (Y-CEM), is applied the UltraClean Biomass Volatiles 009 Production System with the TEIOE or TElOz Ultra-Green Biomass Volatiles 009 Method with High Charge of Negative CO2 Emissions as in Claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that it is implemented:

Either by using the TEIOE Ultra-Green Biomass Volatile 009 Method on the Clinker Firing Method with Natural Gas, which is characterized by replacing the Natural Gas with the ME10 _E Ultra-Green Mixture of Natural Gas with Ultra-Green Biomass Volatiles 009, which are produced on-site as above, so with an appropriate ratio of Natural Gas and Ultra-Green Biomass Volatiles 009, the MEIOE Mixture becomes strongly Ultra-Green, so as to offset not only the production of CO2 emissions from its roasting fuel of Clinker, but also the emissions of Carbon Dioxide that come from the decomposition (Calcination) of the Carbonate Rocks that make up the Clinker, which make up 52% of the total CO2 emissions of the production of Clinker, to the point that the production of Cement from a strong pollutant of the environment with Carbon Dioxide to be transformed into Industry with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions,

Or using TElOz Ultra-Green Biomass Volatiles 009 Method on the Clinker Roasting Method with Metallurgical Coke mixed with RDF from Municipal Waste, which is characterized by replacing Metallurgical Coke or RDF Fuel from municipal waste, with Ultra-Green Mixture MEIOE of Metallurgical Coke and RDF with Biomass Ultra-Green Volatiles 009, produced onsite as above, so with an appropriate ratio of Metallurgical Coke and RDF and Biomass UltraGreen Volatiles 009, the Mixture MElOz becomes strongly Ultra-Green, so as to offset not only the production of CO2 emissions from the Clinker roasting fuels, but also the Carbon Dioxide emissions that come from the Breakdown (Calcination) of the Carbonate Rocks that make up the Clinker, to the point that the Cement production from a strong polluter of the environment with Carbon Dioxide to be transformed into an Industry with Negative Carbon Dioxide Emissions,

Where it is also characterized by the fact that the use of the otherwise required Electricity for the production of Green Hydrogen H2 from RES is completely abolished, as well as the production and use of Ultra-Green Hydrogen HEi as above, otherwise as above in Paragraph

1.

REFERENCES

[1] Alexandras Chr. Papadopoulos Patent with OBI Nr 1009990/11.05.2021

[2] Economic Analysis of Hydrogen Production from Variable Renewables (6475.pdf)

[3] Lord Stern: we need negative emissions to avoid 2,0°C warming

[4] Research Funded By Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation Under One Earth Initiative Claims World Can Stay Below 1.5°C With 100% Renewable Energy Achieved By 2050

[5] Cost of Electrolytic Hydrogen Production with Existing Method (20004-cost-electrolytic- hydrogen-production)

[6] UN climate report 'code red for humanity' Guterres

[7] Humanity has a 'brief and rapidly closing window' to avoid a hotter, deadly future, U.N. climate report says [8] bizO88 (World Scientists' Warning of a Climate Emergency)

[9] Can industry decarbonize steelmaking, Chapter "READY FOR REVOLUTION?"

[10] McKinsey & Company "Decarbonization challenge for steel in Europe"

[11] IPOL_STU (2021) 695484_EN "Moving towards Zero-Emission Steel"

[12] “Hydrogen development strategies: a global perspective"

[13] A perspective on hydrogen investment, market development and cost competitiveness February 2021 (Hydrogen-lnsights-2021-Report)

[14] "Renewable Hydrogen for Sustainable Ammonia Production"

[15] "Sustainable Ammonia Production Processes"

[16] "Moving towards Zero-Emission Steel"

[17] "CEMENT WORLD CO2 EMISSIONS"

[18] McKinsey & Company "Laying the foundation for zero-carbon cement"page 3

[19] Transition to zero-emission mobility requires the full range of powertrain options [20] Press release - Car makers open to higher CO2 targets, if there is matching infrastructure ramp-up across the EU

[21] EU signals end of internal combustion engine by 2035

[22] EU parliament committee votes to ban combustion engines from 2035 [23] ACEA_Position_Paper-Revision_CO2_targets_cars_vans