MALONATE AND GLYCOLATE SALTS OF AN EGFR INHIBITOR

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/422,365 filed November 3, 2022, U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/464,133 filed May 4, 2023, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/591,670 filed October 19, 2023, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

[0002] Provided herein are salts and crystalline forms, and polymorphic crystalline forms of (R)-N-(2-(4-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-5-( (6-(3-(3,5- difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-4-met hoxyphenyl)acrylamide (hereinafter referred to as “Compound I” or “Compound 1”), compositions thereof, methods of preparation thereof, and methods of their uses.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Compound I is an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and has use in the treatment of various cancers in individuals, including humans, in need thereof. The present disclosure relates to the identification of novel salt forms of Compound I, and novel polymorphic forms of the disclosed salt forms. The disclosed salt forms, and their disclosed polymorphic forms, have physical properties that make them advantageous in the development of Compound I as a therapeutic for the treatment of cancer in an individual in need thereof.

SUMMARY

[0004] In one aspect, provided herein is a malonate salt of Compound I.

[0005] In one aspect, provided herein is a glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0006] In another aspect, provided herein are compositions containing a malonate salt or a glycolate salt of Compound I as described herein.

[0007] In another aspect, provided herein are methods of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof using a malonate salt or a glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0008] In another aspect, provided herein are methods of using a malonate salt or a glycolate salt of Compound I, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising such salts, in the treatment of cancer in an individual in need thereof. [0009] In another aspect, provided herein are methods of using a malonate salt or a glycolate salt of Compound I, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising such salts, in manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer in an individual in need thereof.

[0010] In another aspect, provided herein are methods of preparing a malonate salt or a glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0011] Various embodiments are contemplated herein. For example, in Embodiment 1, provided is a malonate salt of (R)-N-(2-(4-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-5-( (6- (3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amin o)-4- methoxyphenyl)acrylamide.

[0012] Embodiment 2: The malonate salt of Embodiment 1, wherein the salt is a hemi- malonate salt.

[0013] Embodiment 3: The malonate salt of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, wherein the salt is in a crystalline form.

[0014] Embodiment 4: The malonate salt of Embodiment 3, wherein the crystalline form of the salt maintains at least 95% of the crystalline form following storage in an open container for at least 7 days at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity, and wherein the amount of the crystalline form of the salt is measured by XRPD.

[0015] Embodiment 5: The malonate salt of Embodiment 4, wherein the crystalline form of the salt maintains at least 95% of the crystalline form following storage in an open container for at least 14 days at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity, and wherein the amount of the crystalline form of the salt is measured by XRPD.

[0016] Embodiment 6: The malonate salt of any one of Embodiments 2-5, wherein the crystalline form of the salt maintains at least 95% of the crystalline form following storage in a closed container for at least 7 days at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity, and wherein the amount of the crystalline form of the salt is measured by XRPD.

[0017] Embodiment 7: The malonate salt of any one of Embodiments 2-6, wherein the crystalline form of the salt maintains at least 95% of the crystalline form following storage in a closed container for at least 14 days at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity, and wherein the amount of the crystalline form of the salt is measured by XRPD.

[0018] Embodiment 8: The malonate salt of any one of Embodiments 1-7, wherein the malonate salt has a solubility in an aqueous solution having a pH of about 4.5 and at a temperature of about 37 °C, calculated as an amount of the free base of (R)-N-(2-(4-(4- cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-5-((6-(3-(3,5-difl uorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2- yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-4-methoxyphenyl)acrylamide, of greater than about 2 mg/mL.

[0019] Embodiment 9: The malonate salt of any one of Embodiments 1-8, wherein the malonate salt has a solubility in an aqueous solution having a pH of about 2.9 and at a temperature of about 37 °C, calculated as an amount of the free base of (R)-N-(2-(4-(4- cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-5-((6-(3-(3,5-difl uorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2- yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-4-methoxyphenyl)acrylamide, of greater than about 2 mg/mL.

[0020] Embodiment 10: The malonate salt of any one of Embodiments 3-9, wherein the malonate salt exhibits an XRPD pattern comprising a peak at 5.9+0.2 degrees 2-theta.

[0021] Embodiment 11: The malonate salt of Embodiment 10, further comprising a peak in the XRPD pattern at 6.8+0.2 degrees 2-theta.

[0022] Embodiment 12: The malonate salt of Embodiment 11, further comprising a peak in the XRPD pattern at 16.0+0.2 degrees 2-theta.

[0023] Embodiment 13: The malonate salt of Embodiment 12, further comprising peaks in the XRPD pattern at 17.1+0.2, 19.0+0.2, and 21.6+0.2 degrees 2-theta.

[0024] Embodiment 14: The malonate salt of Embodiment 13, further comprising peaks in the XRPD pattern at 12.2+0.2, 20.5+0.2, and 23.7+0.2 degrees 2-theta.

[0025] Embodiment 15: The malonate salt of any one of Embodiments 1-14, wherein the malonate salt exhibits a differential scanning calorimetry trace comprising a peak of from about 147 °C to about 151 °C.

[0026] Embodiment 16: A malonate salt of (R)-N-(2-(4-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-l- yl)piperidin-l-yl)-5-((6-(3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin -2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-4- methoxyphenyl)acrylamide in crystalline form, wherein the crystalline form exhibits (a) an XRPD pattern comprising a peak at 5.9+0.2 degrees 2-theta, and (b) a differential scanning calorimetry trace comprising a peak of from about 147 °C to about 151 °C.

[0027] Embodiment 17: The malonate salt of Embodiment 16, further comprising a peak in the XRPD pattern at 6.8+0.2 degrees 2-theta.

[0028] Embodiment 18: The malonate salt of Embodiment 17, further comprising a peak in the XRPD pattern at 16.0+0.2 degrees 2-theta. [0029] Embodiment 19: The malonate salt of Embodiment 18, further comprising peaks in the XRPD pattern at 17.1+0.2, 19.0+0.2, and 21.6+0.2 degrees 2-theta.

[0030] Embodiment 20: The malonate salt of Embodiment 19, further comprising peaks in the XRPD pattern at 12.2+0.2, 20.5+0.2, and 23.7+0.2 degrees 2-theta.

[0031] Embodiment 21: The malonate salt of any one of Embodiments 16-20, wherein the malonate salt has a solubility in an aqueous solution having a pH of about 4.5 and at a temperature of about 37 °C, calculated as an amount of the free base of (R)-N-(2-(4-(4- cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-5-((6-(3-(3,5-difl uorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2- yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-4-methoxyphenyl)acrylamide, of greater than about 2 mg/mL.

[0032] Embodiment 22: The malonate salt of any one of Embodiments 16-21, wherein the malonate salt has a solubility in an aqueous solution having a pH of about 2.9 and at a temperature of about 37 °C, calculated as an amount of the free base of (R)-N-(2-(4-(4- cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-5-((6-(3-(3,5-difl uorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2- yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-4-methoxyphenyl)acrylamide, of greater than about 2 mg/mL.

[0033] Embodiment 23: A glycolate salt of (R)-N-(2-(4-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-l- yl)piperidin-l-yl)-5-((6-(3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin -2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-4- methoxyphenyl)acrylamide.

[0034] Embodiment 24: The glycolate salt of Embodiment 23, wherein the salt is a hemi-glycolate salt.

[0035] Embodiment 25: The glycolate salt of Embodiments 23 or 24, wherein the salt is in a crystalline form.

[0036] Embodiment 26: The glycolate salt of Embodiment 25, wherein the glycolate salt exhibits an XRPD pattern comprising a peak at 14.1+0.2 degrees 2-theta.

[0037] Embodiment 27: The glycolate salt of Embodiment 26, further comprising a peak in the XRPD pattern at 19.4+0.2 degrees 2-theta.

[0038] Embodiment 28: The glycolate salt of Embodiment 27, further comprising a peak in the XRPD pattern at 20.1+0.2 degrees 2-theta.

[0039] Embodiment 29: The glycolate salt of Embodiment 28, further comprising peaks in the XRPD pattern at 5.4+0.2, 9.6+0.2, 13.0+0.2, 15.5+0.2, and 22.4+0.2 degrees 2- theta. [0040] Embodiment 30: The glycolate salt of any one of Embodiments 23-29, wherein the glycolate salt exhibits a differential scanning calorimetry trace comprising a peak of from about 162 °C to about 165 °C.

[0041] Embodiment 31: A glycolate salt of (R)-N-(2-(4-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-l- yl)piperidin-l-yl)-5-((6-(3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin -2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-4- methoxyphenyl)acrylamide in crystalline form, wherein the crystalline form exhibits (a) an XRPD pattern comprising a peak at 14.1+0.2 degrees 2-theta, and (b) a differential scanning calorimetry trace comprising a peak of from about 162 °C to about 165 °C.

[0042] Embodiment 32: The glycolate salt of Embodiment 31, further comprising a peak in the XRPD pattern at 20.1+0.2 degrees 2-theta.

[0043] Embodiment 33: The glycolate salt of Embodiment 32, further comprising peaks in the XRPD pattern at 5.4+0.2 9.6+0.2, 13.0+0.2, 14.1+0.2, 15.5+0.2, and 22.4+0.2 degrees 2-theta.

[0044] Embodiment 34: A pharmaceutical composition comprising the malonate salt of any one of Embodiments 1-22, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0045] Embodiment 35: A pharmaceutical composition comprising the glycolate salt of any one of Embodiments 23-33, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0046] Embodiment 36: A method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual (a) the malonate salt of any one of Embodiments 1-22, (b) the glycolate salt of any one of Embodiments 22-33, (c) the pharmaceutical composition of Embodiment 34, or (d) the pharmaceutical composition of Embodiment 35.

[0047] Embodiment 37: The method of Embodiment 36, wherein the cancer comprises an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, or one or more wild-type or mutant kinases selected from ERBB2 and ERBB4.

[0048] Embodiment 38: The method of Embodiments 36 or 37, wherein the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer and the cancer has been determined to comprise one or more mutations selected from (a) EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, (b) HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations, and (c) HER2 amplification or overexpression.

[0049] Embodiment 39: The method of Embodiments 36 or 37, wherein the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer and the cancer has been determined to comprise one or more mutations selected from (a) EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, and (b) a HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations.

[0050] Embodiment 40: The method of Embodiments 36 or 37, wherein the cancer has been determined by use of an FDA-approved test to comprise one or more mutations selected from (a) EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, (b) HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations, and (c) HER2 amplification or overexpression.

[0051] Embodiment 41: The method of Embodiments 36 or 37, wherein the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer and the cancer has been determined by use of an FDA-approved test to comprise one or more mutations selected from (a) EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, (b) HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations, and (c) HER2 amplification or overexpression.

[0052] Embodiment 42: The method of Embodiments 36 or 37, wherein in the cancer in the individual has been determined by use of any nucleic acid-based diagnostic testing method to comprise one or more mutations selected from (a) EGFR exon 20 insertions mutations, and (b) HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations.

[0053] Embodiment 43: The method of Embodiments 36 or 37, wherein in the cancer in the individual is non-small cell lung cancer and the cancer has been determined by use of any nucleic acid-based diagnostic testing method to comprise one or more mutations selected from (a) EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, and (b) a HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations.

[0054] Embodiment 44: The method of Embodiments 36 or 37, wherein in the cancer in the individual is locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with one or more EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations or one or more HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test, and wherein the cancer has progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy.

[0055] Embodiment 45: The method of Embodiments 36 or 37, wherein in the cancer in the individual is locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with one or more EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test, and wherein the cancer has progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy.

[0056] Embodiment 46: The method of Embodiments 36 or 37, wherein in the cancer in the individual is locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with one or more HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test, and wherein the cancer has progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. [0057] Embodiment 47: The method of Embodiments 36 or 37, wherein in the cancer in the individual is locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with one or more EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations or one or more HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test, and wherein the cancer has progressed following prior EGFR exon 20 insertion mutation therapy or HER2 exon 20 insertion mutation therapy.

[0058] Embodiment 48: The method of Embodiments 36 or 37, wherein in the cancer in the individual is locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with one or more EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test, and wherein the cancer has progressed following prior EGFR exon 20 insertion mutation therapy.

[0059] Embodiment 49: The method of Embodiments 36 or 37, wherein in the cancer in the individual is locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with one or more HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test, and wherein the cancer has progressed following prior HER2 exon 20 insertion mutation therapy.

[0060] Embodiment 50: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-38, wherein the cancer comprises one or more mutations selected from the group consisting of EGFR Dell9/T790M, EGFR E858R/T790M, EGFR E858R, EGFR Exon20 ins NPH, EGFR Exon20 ins SVD, EGFR Exon20 ins FQEA, EGFR Exon20 ins H, EGFR Exon20 ins ASV, and a mutation of ERBB2 which is Her2 Exon20 ins YVMA.

[0061] Embodiment 51: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-38, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of pseudomyxoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, hepatoblastoma, liver cancer, thyroid cancer, colon cancer, testicular cancer, myelodysplastic syndrome, glioblastoma, oral cancer, lip cancer, mycosis fungoides, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, basal cell carcinoma, ovarian epithelial cancer, ovarian germ cell cancer, male breast cancer, brain cancer, pituitary adenomas, multiple myeloma, gallbladder cancer, biliary tract cancer, colorectal cancer, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, retinoblastoma, choroidal melanoma, ampulla of vater cancer, bladder cancer, peritoneal cancer, parathyroid cancer, adrenal cancer, nasal and paranasal sinus cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, tongue cancer, astrocytoma, small cell lung cancer, childhood brain cancer, pediatric lymphoma, pediatric leukemia, small intestine cancer, meningioma, esophageal cancer, glioma, renal carcinoma, kidney cancer, heart cancer, duodenal cancer, malignant soft tissue cancer, malignant bone cancer, malignant lymphoma, malignant mesothelioma, malignant melanoma, eye cancer, vulvar cancer, ureter cancer, urethral cancer, cancer of unknown primary site, gastric lymphoma, gastric cancer, gastric carcinoid tumors, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, Wilms cancer, breast cancer, sarcoma, penile cancer, pharyngeal cancer, gestational trophoblastic disease, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, uterine sarcoma, prostate cancer, metastatic bone cancer, metastatic brain cancer, mediastinal cancer, rectal cancer, rectal carcinoid tumors, vaginal cancer, spinal carcinoma, acoustic neuroma, pancreatic cancer, salivary gland cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, Paget's disease, tonsillar cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, lung cancer, lung squamous cell carcinoma, skin cancer, anal cancer, rhabdomyosarcoma, laryngeal cancer, pleural cancer, blood cancer, and thymic carcinoma.

[0062] Embodiment 52: The method of Embodiment 51, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of metastatic brain cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer.

[0063] Embodiment 53: The method of Embodiment 52, wherein the cancer is metastatic brain cancer.

[0064] Embodiment 54: The method of Embodiment 52, wherein the cancer is breast cancer.

[0065] Embodiment 55: The method of Embodiment 52, wherein the cancer is non- small cell lung cancer.

[0066] Embodiment 56: The method of any one of Embodiments 38, 40, or 41, wherein the cancer comprises an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein.

[0067] Embodiment 57: The method of Embodiment 56, wherein in the cancer in the individual has been determined to comprise HER2 amplification or overexpression by use of an immunohistochemistry (IHC) or an in situ hybridization (ISH) test.

[0068] Embodiment 58: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-57, wherein the cancer is a locally advanced cancer.

[0069] Embodiment 59: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-57, wherein the cancer is a metastatic solid tumor.

[0070] Embodiment 60: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-59, wherein the cancer is unresectable. [0071] Embodiment 61: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-60, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases).

[0072] Embodiment 62: The method of any one of Embodiments 36, 38, 40, 41, and 50-61, wherein the cancer comprises (a) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (b) an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein.

[0073] Embodiment 63: The method of any one of Embodiments 36, 38, 40, 41, and 50-62, wherein the cancer has been determined to exhibit one or more of (i) to (v) prior to administration of the salt or pharmaceutical composition:

(i) a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 6 copies of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample;

(ii) a dual-probe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8;

(iii) a dual-probe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits (a) a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 2.0 and (b) at least 4 copies of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample;

(iv) an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 3+ positivity; or

(v) (a) an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 2+ positivity, and (b) a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH) test performed on a sample from the cancer is determined to be positive.

[0074] Embodiment 64: The method of any one of Embodiments 36 to 45, 47, 48, 50 to 55, and 58-61, wherein the cancer comprises one or more mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein. [0075] Embodiment 65: The method of Embodiment 64, wherein the one or more mutations in the EGFR protein comprises one or more mutations selected from the group consisting of G309A, G309E, S310F, R678Q, R678Q and L755W, L755S, L755W, I767M, D769H, D769Y, V777L, Y835F,V842I, R896C, G1201V, del.755-759EGFR Dell9/T790M, EGFR L858R/T790M, EGFR E858R, EGFR del 19, EGFR E858R/C797S, EGFR dell9/C797S, EGFR Exon20 ins NPH, EGFR Exon20 ins SVD, EGFR Exon20 ins FQEA, EGFR Exon20 ins H, and EGFR Exon20 ins ASV.

[0076] Embodiment 66: The method of any one of Embodiments 36 to 44, 46, 47, 49, 51 to 55, and 58-61, wherein the cancer comprises one or more mutations in the HER2 protein, wherein the one or more mutations in the HER2 protein is selected from p.A775_G776insYVMA, p.778insGCP, p.G780_P781dupGSP, and p.G778_S779insCPG.

[0077] Embodiment 67: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-66, wherein the cancer does not comprise an EGFR T790M mutation.

[0078] Embodiment 68: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-43 and 50-67, wherein the individual has not received one or more prior therapy for treatment of the cancer prior to administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition.

[0079] Embodiment 69: The method of Embodiment 68, wherein the individual has not received prior therapy for treatment of the cancer with an EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor prior to administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition.

[0080] Embodiment 70: The method of Embodiment 69, wherein the cancer is nonsmall cell lung cancer and the individual has not received prior therapy for treatment of the cancer with an EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor prior to administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition.

[0081] Embodiment 71: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-46 and 49-70, wherein the individual is EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor naive prior to administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition.

[0082] Embodiment 72: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-52 and 55-70, wherein the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer and the individual is EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor naive to administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. [0083] Embodiment 73: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-67, wherein the individual has received one or more prior therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of the salt or the pharmaceutical composition.

[0084] Embodiment 74: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-67, wherein the individual has received one or more prior EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of the salt or the pharmaceutical composition.

[0085] Embodiment 75: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-52, 55-67, 73, and

74, wherein the cancer is non- small cell lung cancer and the individual has received one or more prior EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of the salt or the pharmaceutical composition.

[0086] Embodiment 76: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-74, wherein the individual has received one or more prior EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of the salt or the pharmaceutical composition, and wherein the individual is further administered a bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor-directed antibody.

[0087] Embodiment 77: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-52, 55-67, and 73- 76, wherein the individual has received one or more prior EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of the salt or the pharmaceutical composition, and wherein the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer and the individual is further administered a bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor- directed antibody.

[0088] Embodiment 78: The method of Embodiment 77, wherein the bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor-directed antibody is amivantamab.

[0089] Embodiment 79: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-52, 58 to 67, and 73-78, wherein (a) the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer and (b) the individual has received one or more prior EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of the salt or the pharmaceutical composition, and wherein individual is further administered amivantamab.

[0090] Embodiment 80: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-52, 58-67, and 73-

75, wherein the individual has received one or more prior therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of the salt or the pharmaceutical composition, and wherein the one or more prior therapies comprise an EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor and a bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor-directed antibody.

[0091] Embodiment 81: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-52, 58-67, and 73-

80, wherein the cancer is non- small lung cancer and the individual has received one or more prior therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of the salt or the pharmaceutical composition, and wherein the one or more prior therapies comprise an EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor and a bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor- directed antibody.

[0092] Embodiment 82: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-52, 58-67, and 73-

81, wherein the individual has received one or more prior therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of the salt or the pharmaceutical composition, and wherein the one or more prior therapies comprise an EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor and amivantamab.

[0093] Embodiment 83: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-52, 58-67, and 73-

82, wherein the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer and the individual has received one or more prior therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of the salt or the pharmaceutical composition, and wherein the one or more prior therapies comprise an EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor and amivantamab.

[0094] Embodiment 84: The method of Embodiment 73, wherein the one or more prior therapies comprise one or more anti-HER2 -based regimens.

[0095] Embodiment 85: The method of Embodiment 84, wherein the one or more anti- HER2 -based regimens was administered to the individual in a metastatic setting.

[0096] Embodiment 86: The method of any one of Embodiments 84-85, wherein the individual has failed the one or more prior therapies prior to administration to the individual of the salt or the pharmaceutical composition.

[0097] Embodiment 87: The method of Embodiment 73, wherein the individual has failed the one or more prior therapies prior to administration to the individual of the salt or the pharmaceutical composition, and wherein the one or more prior therapies is selected from (a) a bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor-directed antibody, and (b) chemotherapy. [0098] Embodiment 88: The method of Embodiment 73, wherein the one or more prior therapies comprises a bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor-directed antibody is amivantamab.

[0099] Embodiment 89: The method of Embodiment 73, wherein the one or more prior therapies comprises chemotherapy.

[0100] Embodiment 90: The method of Embodiment 89, wherein the one or more prior therapies comprising chemotherapy comprises platinum-based chemotherapy.

[0101] Embodiment 91: The method of Embodiment 89, wherein the one or more prior therapies comprising chemotherapy does not comprise platinum-based chemotherapy.

[0102] Embodiment 92: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-38, 40, 41, 51-63, and 67-91, wherein the cancer comprises HER2 overexpression.

[0103] Embodiment 93: The method of Embodiment 92, wherein a sample of the cancer exhibits HER2 expression of 3+ when tested using immunohistochemistry (IHC) test.

[0104] Embodiment 94: The method of any one of Embodiments 36, 37, 42 to 55, 58- 61, and 64-91, wherein the cancer does not comprise HER2 overexpression.

[0105] Embodiment 95: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-38, 40, 41, 51-63, and 67-91, wherein the cancer comprises amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein.

[0106] Embodiment 96: The method of any one of Embodiments 36, 37, 42-55, 58-61, and 64-91, wherein the cancer does not comprise amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein.

[0107] Embodiment 97: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-96, wherein the method further comprises administering to the individual in need thereof one or more additional anticancer agents.

[0108] Embodiment 98: The method of Embodiment 73, wherein the one or more additional anticancer agents comprises one or more agents selected from HER2 inhibitors, HER2-CD3 bispecific antibodies, HER2-immune targeting bispecific antibodies, anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) natural killer (NK) cells, anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, PD-1 inhibitors, PD-L1 inhibitors, Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, and chemotherapeutic agents.

[0109] Embodiment 99: The method of Embodiment 97, wherein the one or more additional anticancer agents comprises a bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor- directed antibody.

[0110] Embodiment 100: The method of Embodiment 99, wherein the bi specific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor-directed antibody is amivantamab.

[0111] Embodiment 101: The method of Embodiment 97, wherein the one or more additional anticancer agents are selected from the group consisting of trastuzumab, trastuzumab and hyaluronidase, capecitabine, trastuzumab and capecitabine, tucatinib, lapatinib, neratinib, dacomitinib, pertuzumab, margetuximab, trastuzumab emtansine, trastuzumab deruxtecan, ZW49 (Zymeworks), A166 (Klaus Pharma), ARX788 (Ambrx), RC48-ADC (RemeGen), vic-trastuzumab duocarmazine, zanidatamab (ZW25), zenocutuzamab (MCLA-128), ISB 1302, afatanib, poziotinib, pyrotinib, mobocertinib (TAK- 788), and BDTX-189, erlotinib, osimertinib, gefitinib, cetuximab, panitumumab, necitumumab, vandetanib, afatinib, brigatinib, icotinib, niraparib, olaparib, talazoparib, rucaparib, veliparib, iniparib, pamiparib (BGB-290), CEP-9722, E7016, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, cemiplimab, JTX-4014, spartalizumab (PDR001), camrelizumab (SHR1210), sintilimab (IBI3O8), tislelizumab (BGB-A317), toripalimab (JS 001), dostarlimab (TSR-042, WBP-285), INCMGA00012 (MGA012), AMP-224, AMP-514, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, KN035, CK-301, AUNP12, CA-170, and BMS-986189.

[0112] Embodiment 102: The method of Embodiment 97, wherein the one or more additional anticancer agents are selected from antibody-drug conjugates.

[0113] Embodiment 103: The method of Embodiment 102, wherein the antibody-drug conjugates are selected from trastuzumab emtansine and trastuzumab deruxtecan.

[0114] Embodiment 104: The method of Embodiment 97, wherein the one or more additional anticancer agents comprises one or more chemotherapeutic agents.

[0115] Embodiment 105: The method of Embodiment 104, wherein the one or more chemotherapeutic agents is selected from the group consisting of doxorubicin, docetaxel, pemetrexed, paclitaxel, carboplatin, cisplatin, capecitabine, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, temozolomide, irinotecan, oxiplatin, and eribulin.

[0116] Embodiment 106: The method of Embodiment 105, wherein the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise trastuzumab and capecitabine.

[0117] Embodiment 107: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-106, wherein the method further comprises treating the individual in need thereof with radiation.

[0118] Embodiment 108: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-107, wherein the method further comprises identifying the individual based upon the individual having a HER2-amplified or HER2 overexpressed cancer.

[0119] Embodiment 109: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-108, wherein the cancer does not comprise a mutation in phosphatidy lino sitol-4, 5 -bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) protein.

[0120] Embodiment 110: The method of Embodiment 109, wherein the mutation in the PIK3CA protein comprises one or more mutations at histidine 1047.

[0121] Embodiment 111: The method of Embodiment 110, wherein the mutation at histidine 1047 in the PIK3CA protein is selected from H1047L and H1047R.

[0122] Embodiment 112: The method any one of Embodiments 36-111, wherein the (a) the malonate salt of any one of Embodiments 1-22, (b) the glycolate salt of any one of Embodiments 22-33, (c) the pharmaceutical composition of Embodiment 34, or (d) the pharmaceutical composition of Embodiment 35 is administered to the individual in need thereof orally, parentally, intravenously, subcutaneously, or intracerebrally.

[0123] Embodiment 113: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-112, wherein the individual is administered the salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a total daily dose of (R)-N-(2-(4-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-5-( (6- (3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amin o)-4- methoxyphenyl)acrylamide selected from (a) more than 10 mg and less than about 45 mg, (b) more than about 45 mg but less than about 200 mg, (c) from about 45 mg to about 60 mg, (d) from about 45 mg to about 90 mg, (e) from about 45 mg to about 120 mg, (f) about 45 mg, (g) about 60 mg, (h) about 75 mg, (i) about 80 mg, (j) about 90 mg, (k) about 100 mg, (1) about 120 mg, (m) about 150 mg, (n) about 175 mg, (o) about 200 mg, and (p) greater than about 120 mg but less than about 200 mg. [0124] Embodiment 114: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-113, wherein the individual is administered the malonate salt in an amount that provides a total daily dose of (R)-N-(2-(4-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-5-( (6-(3-(3,5- difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-4-met hoxyphenyl)acrylamide selected from (a) more than 10 mg and less than about 45 mg, (b) greater than about 45 mg but less than about 200 mg, (c) from about 45 mg to about 60 mg, (d) from about 45 mg to about 90 mg, (e) from about 45 mg to about 120 mg, (f) about 45 mg, (g) about 60 mg, (h) about 75 mg, (i) about 80 mg, (j) about 90 mg, (k) about 100 mg, (1) about 120 mg, (m) about 150 mg, (n) about 175 mg, (o) about 200 mg, and (p) greater than about 120 mg but less than about 200 mg.

[0125] Embodiment 115: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-114, wherein the individual is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is about 30 mg BID, about 40 mg BID, about 45 mg QD, about 50 mg BID, about 60 mg QD, about 75 mg QD, about 90 mg QD, or about 120 mg QD.

[0126] Embodiment 116: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-91, wherein the individual is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a mean unbound concentration of (R)-N-(2-(4-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-l- yl)piperidin-l-yl)-5-((6-(3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin -2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-4- methoxyphenyl)acrylamide in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.1 nM for at least 8 hours following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition.

[0127] Embodiment 117: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-116, wherein the individual is a human.

[0128] Embodiment 118: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-117, wherein the individual achieves stable disease, a partial response, or a complete response in the individual’s target tumors in accordance with RECIST 1.1.

[0129] Embodiment 119: The method of Embodiment 118, wherein the response in accordance with RECIST 1.1 is a partial response or a complete response.

[0130] Embodiment 120: The method of any one of Embodiments 36-119, wherein the individual does not experience any Grade 3 or Grade 4 treatment related adverse events following administration of the salt or pharmaceutical composition to the individual. [0131] Embodiment 121: A method of preparing the malonate salt of any one of Embodiments 1-22, comprising: (1) forming a mixture of (R)-N-(2-(4-(4- cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-5-((6-(3-(3,5-difl uorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2- yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-4-methoxyphenyl)acrylamide and malonic acid in a solvent; and (2) removing the solvent from step (1) to afford the malonate salt.

[0132] Embodiment 122: The method of Embodiment 121, wherein the molar ratio of malonic acid to (R)-N-(2-(4-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-5-( (6-(3-(3,5- difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-4-met hoxyphenyl)acrylamide is about 1: 1.

[0133] Embodiment 123: The method of Embodiment 121, wherein the molar ratio of malonic acid to (R)-N-(2-(4-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-5-( (6-(3-(3,5- difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-4-met hoxyphenyl)acrylamide is about 2: 1.

[0134] Embodiment 124: A method of preparing the glycolate salt of any one of Embodiments 23-33, comprising: (1) forming a mixture of (R)-N-(2-(4-(4- cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-5-((6-(3-(3,5-difl uorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2- yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-4-methoxyphenyl)acrylamide and glycolic acid in a solvent; and (2) removing the solvent from step (1) to afford the glycolate salt.

[0135] Embodiment 125: The method of Embodiment 124, wherein the molar ratio of glycolic acid to (R)-N-(2-(4-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-5-( (6-(3-(3,5- difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-4-met hoxyphenyl)acrylamide is about 1: 1.

[0136] Embodiment 126: The method of Embodiment 124, wherein the molar ratio of glycolic acid to (R)-N-(2-(4-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-5-( (6-(3-(3,5- difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-4-met hoxyphenyl)acrylamide is about 2: 1.

[0137] Embodiment 127: The method of any one of Embodiments 121-126, wherein the solvent of step (1) comprises an aprotic solvent or a protic solvent.

[0138] Embodiment 128: The method of Embodiment 127, wherein the solvent comprises an aprotic solvent. [0139] Embodiment 129: The method of Embodiment 128, wherein the aprotic solvent is acetone.

[0140] Embodiment 130: The method of Embodiment 127, wherein the solvent comprises a protic solvent.

[0141] Embodiment 131: The method of any one of Embodiments 121-130, wherein the mixture of step (1) is stirred at 23+3 °C.

[0142] Embodiment 132: The method of any one of Embodiments 121-131, wherein removing the solvent comprises vacuum drying.

[0143] Embodiment 133: The method of any one of Embodiments 121-131, wherein step (2) further comprises centrifugation or vacuum filtration.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0144] FIG. 1A shows an experimental X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern of a malonate salt of Compound I as prepared according to Example 1.

[0145] FIG. IB shows an experimental X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern of a malonate salt of Compound I as prepared according to Example 2.

[0146] FIG. 1C shows an experimental X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern of a malonate salt of Compound I as prepared according to Example 3.

[0147] FIG. ID shows differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) graphs of a malonate salt of Compound I as prepared according to Example 1.

[0148] FIG. IE shows differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) graphs of a malonate salt of Compound I as prepared according to Example

2.

[0149] FIG. IF shows differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) graphs of a malonate salt of Compound I as prepared according to Example

3.

[0150] FIG. 1G shows a proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( ^X H NMR) spectrum of a malonate salt of Compound I as prepared according to Example 1.

[0151] FIG. 1H shows a proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( ^X H NMR) spectrum of a malonate salt of Compound I as prepared according to Example 2. [0152] FIG. II shows a proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( ^J H NMR) spectrum a malonate salt of Compound I as prepared according to Example 3.

[0153] FIG. 1J shows a dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) isotherm plot of a malonate salt of Compound I as prepared according to Example 1.

[0154] FIG. 2A shows an experimental X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern of a glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0155] FIG. 2B shows differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) graphs of a glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0156] FIG. 2C shows a proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( ^J H NMR) spectrum of a glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0157] FIG. 2D shows a dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) isotherm plot of a glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0158] FIG. 3 provides the bioavailability and concentrations of unbound tucatinib and Compound I in the brain or plasma at 1 hour, 4 hours, and 8 hours following oral administration of a single dose of either tucatinib (50 mg/kg) or Compound I (3 mg/kg) into mice.

[0159] FIG. 4 shows the sensitivity of 25 breast cancer cell lines, including cell lines that exhibit amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein and/or overexpression of the HER2 protein, to treatment with Compound I in comparison to tucatinib and lapatinib, as indicated by the calculated half maximal effective concentrations (ECsos).

[0160] FIG. 5A shows the average tumor volumes in the mice in the Compound 1 Group, the Tucatinib Group, and the Vehicle Control Group after 28 days of treatment from Example 9.

[0161] FIG. 5B shows the tumor volume in the individual mice in the Vehicle Control Group from Example 9.

[0162] FIG. 5C shows tumor volume in individual mice in the Compound 1 Group from Example 9.

[0163] FIG. 5D shows the tumor volume in individual mice in the Tucatinib Group from Example 9. [0164] FIG. 5E shows the average body weights of the mice in each of the Compound 1 Group, the Tucatinib Group, and the Vehicle Control Group from Example 9 (Vehicle Group = circles; Compound 1 Group = triangles; Tucatinib Group = squares).

[0165] FIG. 6 shows the mean unbound plasma concentration of Compound I at steady state from dosing cycle 2, day 1 in human subjects administered Compound I as described in Example 10.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Definitions

[0166] Unless specifically indicated otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. In addition, any method or material similar or equivalent to a method or material described herein can be used in the practice of the present application. For purposes of the present application, the following terms are defined.

[0167] It is understood that embodiments of the application described herein include “consisting” and/or “consisting essentially of’ embodiments.

[0168] Reference to “about” a value or parameter herein includes (and describes) variations that are directed to that value or parameter per se. For example, description referring to “about X” includes description of “X”.

[0169] The term “about X-Y” used herein has the same meaning as “about X to about Y.” The expression “about X, Y and/or Z” used herein has the same meaning as “about X, about Y, and/or about Z.”

[0170] As used herein, reference to “not” a value or parameter generally means and describes “other than” a value or parameter. For example, the method is not used to treat cancer of type X means the method is used to treat cancer of types other than X.

[0171] The terms “a,” “an,” or “the” as used herein not only include aspects with one member, but also include aspects with more than one member. For instance, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a cell” includes a plurality of such cells and reference to “the agent” includes reference to one or more agents known to those skilled in the art, and so forth. [0172] As used herein, the term “polymorph” or “polymorphic form” refers to a crystalline form of a compound. Different polymorphs may have different physical properties such as, for example, melting temperatures, heats of fusion, solubilities, dissolution rates, and/or vibrational spectra as a result of the arrangement or conformation of the molecules or ions in the crystal lattice. The differences in physical properties exhibited by polymorphs may affect pharmaceutical parameters, such as storage stability, compressibility, density (important in formulation and product manufacturing), and dissolution rate (an important factor in bioavailability). Differences in stability can result from changes in chemical reactivity (e.g., differential oxidation, such that a dosage form discolors more rapidly when comprised of one polymorph than when comprised of another polymorph), mechanical changes (e.g., tablets crumble on storage as a kinetically favored polymorph converts to thermodynamically more stable polymorph), or both (e.g., tablets of one polymorph are more susceptible to breakdown at high humidity). As a result of solubility/dissolution differences, in the extreme case, some polymorphic transitions may result in lack of potency or, at the other extreme, toxicity. In addition, the physical properties of a crystalline form may be important in processing; for example, one polymorph might be more likely to form solvates or might be difficult to filter and wash free of impurities (e.g., particle shape and size distribution might be different between polymorphs).

[0173] As used herein, the term “substantially as shown in” when referring, for example, to an XRPD pattern, a DSC graph, a TGA graph, or a GVS graph, includes a pattern or graph that is not necessarily identical to those depicted herein, but that falls within the limits of experimental error or deviations when considered by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0174] In some embodiments, the term “substantially pure” means that the salt form or polymorphic form contains about less than 30%, about less than 20%, about less than 15%, about less than 10%, about less than 5%, or about less than 1% by weight of impurities. In other embodiments, “substantially pure” refers to a substance free of impurities. Impurities may, for example, include by-products or left over reagents from chemical reactions, contaminants, degradation products, other salt forms, other polymorphic forms, water, and solvents.

[0175] As used herein, the term “substantially free of’ means that the composition comprising the salt form or polymorphic form contains less than 50%, less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 15%, less than 10%, less than 5%, less than 4%, less than 3%, less than 2%, or less than 1% by weight of the indicated substance or substances.

[0176] As used herein, “treatment” or “treating” is an approach for obtaining beneficial or desired results including clinical results. For purposes of this application, beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: alleviating one or more symptoms resulting from the disease, diminishing the extent of the disease, stabilizing the disease (e.g., preventing or delaying the worsening of the disease), preventing or delaying the spread (e.g., metastasis) of the disease, preventing or delaying the recurrence of the disease, reducing recurrence rate of the disease, delaying or slowing the progression of the disease, ameliorating the disease state, providing a remission (partial or total) of the disease, decreasing the dose of one or more other medications required to treat the disease, delaying the progression of the disease, increasing the quality of life, and/or prolonging survival. In some embodiments, the treatment reduces the severity of one or more symptoms associated with cancer by at least about any of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% compared to the corresponding symptom in the same subject prior to treatment or compared to the corresponding symptom in other subjects not receiving the treatment. Also encompassed by “treatment” is a reduction of pathological consequence of cancer. The methods of the application contemplate any one or more of these aspects of treatment.

[0177] The term “effective amount” used herein refers to an amount of a compound or composition sufficient to treat a specified disorder, condition, or disease, such as to ameliorate, palliate, lessen, and/or delay one or more of its symptoms in an individual. In reference to cancer, an effective amount comprises an amount sufficient to cause a tumor to shrink and/or to decrease the growth rate of the tumor (such as to suppress tumor growth) or to prevent or delay other unwanted cell proliferation in cancer in an individual. In some embodiments, an effective amount is an amount sufficient to delay development of cancer in an individual. In some embodiments, an effective amount is an amount sufficient to prevent or delay recurrence of cancer in an individual. In some embodiments, an effective amount is an amount sufficient to reduce recurrence rate of cancer in an individual. An effective amount can be administered to an individual in one or more administrations. The effective amount of the drug or composition may: (i) reduce the number of cancer cells; (ii) reduce tumor size; (iii) inhibit, retard, slow to some extent and preferably stop cancer cell infiltration into peripheral organs; (iv) inhibit (z.e., slow to some extent and preferably stop) tumor metastasis; (v) inhibit tumor growth; (vi) prevent or delay occurrence and/or recurrence of tumor; (vii) reduce recurrence rate of tumor, and/or (viii) relieve to some extent one or more of the symptoms associated with the cancer in an individual.

[0178] As is understood in the art, an “effective amount” may be in one or more doses, i.e., a single dose or multiple doses may be required to achieve the desired treatment endpoint. An effective amount may be considered in the context of administering one or more therapeutic agents, and a compound or composition described herein may be considered to be given in an effective amount if, optionally in conjunction with one or more other agents, a desirable or beneficial result may be or is achieved. The components (e.g., the first and second therapies) in a combination therapy of the application may be administered to an individual sequentially, simultaneously, or concurrently using the same or different routes of administration for each component. Thus, an effective amount of a combination therapy includes an amount of the first therapy and an amount of the second therapy that when administered sequentially, simultaneously, or concurrently to an individual produces a desired outcome in the individual.

[0179] As used herein, “therapeutically effective amount” indicates an amount administered to an individual that results in a desired pharmacological and/or physiological effect for the condition in the individual. The effect in the individual may be prophylactic in terms of completely or partially preventing a condition or symptom thereof and/or may be therapeutic in terms of a partial or complete cure for the condition and/or adverse effect attributable to the condition.

[0180] As used herein, “individual” means a mammal, including a human, dog, cat, or livestock. In one embodiment, individual means a human.

[0181] “In conjunction with” or “in combination with” refers to administration of one treatment modality in addition to another treatment modality, such as administration of a compound or composition described herein in addition to administration of the other agent to the same individual under the same treatment plan. As such, “in conjunction with” or “in combination with” refers to administration of one treatment modality before, during or after delivery of the other treatment modality to the individual.

[0182] The term “simultaneous administration,” as used herein, means that a first therapy and second therapy in a combination therapy are administered with a time separation of no more than about 15 minutes, such as no more than about any of 10, 5, or 1 minutes. When the first and second therapies are administered simultaneously, the first and second therapies may be contained in the same composition (e.g., a composition comprising both a first and second therapy) or in separate compositions (e.g., a first therapy is contained in one composition and a second therapy is contained in another composition).

[0183] As used herein, the term “sequential administration” means that the first therapy and second therapy in a combination therapy are administered with a time separation of more than about 15 minutes, such as more than about any of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, or more minutes. Either the first therapy or the second therapy may be administered first. The first and second therapies are contained in separate compositions, which may be contained in the same or different packages or kits.

[0184] As used herein, the term “concurrent administration” means that the administration of the first therapy and that of a second therapy in a combination therapy overlap with each other.

[0185] As used herein, by “pharmaceutically acceptable” or “pharmacologically compatible” is meant a material that is not biologically or otherwise undesirable, e.g., the material may be incorporated into a pharmaceutical composition administered to a patient without causing any significant undesirable biological effects or interacting in a deleterious manner with any of the other components of the composition in which it is contained.

Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients have preferably met the required standards of toxicological and manufacturing testing and/or are included on the Inactive Ingredient Guide prepared by the U. S. Food and Drug administration.

[0186] The disclosures of all publications, patents, patent applications and published patent applications referred to herein are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Compound I

[0187] Compound I is a compound that has been demonstrated to have inhibitory activity against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) variants and HER2 variants. The chemical name of Compound I is N-[2-[4-(4-cyclopropyl-l-piperazinyl)-l-piperidinyl]-5-[[6-[ (3R)-3- (3 ,5-difluorophenyl)- 2-isoxazolidinyl] -4-pyrimidinyl] amino] -4-methoxyphenyl] -2- propenamide. Compound I has the following structure:

Compound I

Compound I can also be named as (R)-N-(2-(4-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)- 5-((6-(3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-y l)amino)-4- methoxyphenyl)acrylamide. Compound I has been assigned CAS Registry No. 2489185-38- 6.

[0188] Compound I has been described in W02020/190119, and may be prepared by methods described therein. The contents of W02020/190119 are hereby incorporated by reference herein for that purpose. Alternatively, Compound I may be prepared by methods known to those having ordinary skill in the art.

Salts

[0189] In one aspect, provided herein are salts of Compound I. The salts may have chemical or physical properties such as improved bioavailability and stability under certain conditions that are suitable for medical or pharmaceutical uses. It is understood that descriptions herein to “a salt or pharmaceutical composition provided herein” refer to salts of Compound I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of Compound I, or pharmaceutical compositions comprising Compound I, or salts of Compound I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of Compound I.

[0190] A salt of Compound I may provide the advantages of bioavailability and stability and may be suitable for use as an active agent in a pharmaceutical composition. Variations in the salt form of a pharmaceutical drug may affect the dissolution rate (which may affect bioavailability, etc.), manufacturability (e.g., ease of handling, ease of purification, ability to consistently prepare doses of known strength, etc.) and stability (e.g., thermal stability, shelf life (including resistance to degradation), etc.) of a pharmaceutical drug product. Such variations may affect the methods of preparation or formulation of pharmaceutical compositions in different dosage or delivery forms, such as solid oral dosage forms including tablets and capsules. Salt forms of a pharmaceutical drug may provide desired or suitable hygroscopicity, dissolution rate, solubility, absorption, purity, physical and chemical stability, manufacturability, yield, reproducibility, and/or process control. Thus, salts of a compound may provide advantages of improving the manufacturing process of an active agent or the stability or storability of a drug product form of the active agent, or having suitable bioavailability and/or stability as an active agent.

[0191] The use of certain conditions, such as the use of different solvents and/or temperatures, has been found to produce different salts of Compound I, and different polymorphic forms of those salts, including the malonate salt and glycolate salt described herein, which may exhibit one or more favorable characteristics described herein. The processes for the preparation of the malonate salt and glycolate salt described herein and characterization of these salts are described in greater detail below.

Malonate Salt

[0192] In some embodiments, provided herein is a malonate salt of Compound I.

[0193] In some embodiments, the malonate salt of Compound I is a hemi- malonate salt.

[0194] In some embodiments, the malonate salt of Compound I is in a crystalline form.

[0195] In some embodiments, the crystalline form of the malonate salt maintains at least

95% of the crystalline form following storage in an open container for at least 7 days at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity, and wherein the amount of the crystalline form of the salt is measured by XRPD. In some embodiments, the crystalline form of the malonate salt maintains at least about 95% (e.g., at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.25%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.75%, at least 99.8%, or at least 99.9%) of the crystalline form following storage in an open container for at least about 7 days (e.g., 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 2 weeks, one month, two months, three months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, or 24 months) at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity, and wherein the amount of the crystalline form of the salt is measured by XRPD. In some embodiments, the crystalline form of the malonate salt maintains at least 95% of the crystalline form following storage in an open container for at least 14 days at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity, and wherein the amount of the crystalline form of the salt is measured by XRPD. In some embodiments, the crystalline form of the malonate salt maintains at least about 95% (e.g., at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.25%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.75%, at least 99.8%, or at least 99.9%) of the crystalline form following storage in an open container for at least about 14 days (e.g., 14 days, 15 days, 16 days, 17 days, 18 days, 19 days, 20 days, one month, two months, three months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, or 24 months) at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity, and wherein the amount of the crystalline form of the salt is measured by XRPD.

[0196] In some embodiments, the crystalline form of the malonate salt maintains at least 95% of the crystalline form following storage in a closed container for at least 7 days at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity, and wherein the amount of the crystalline form of the salt is measured by XRPD. In some embodiments, the crystalline form of the malonate salt maintains at least about 95% (e.g., at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.25%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.75%, at least 99.8%, or at least 99.9%) of the crystalline form following storage in a closed container for at least about 7 days (e.g., 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 2 weeks, one month, two months, three months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, or 24 months) at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity, and wherein the amount of the crystalline form of the salt is measured by XRPD. In some embodiments, the crystalline form of the malonate salt maintains at least 95% of the crystalline form following storage in a closed container for at least 14 days at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity, and wherein the amount of the crystalline form of the salt is measured by XRPD. In some embodiments, the crystalline form of the malonate salt maintains at least about 95% (e.g., at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.25%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.75%, at least 99.8%, or at least 99.9%) of the crystalline form following storage in a closed container for at least about 14 days (e.g., 14 days, 15 days, 16 days, 17 days, 18 days, 19 days, 20 days, one month, two months, three months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, or 24 months) at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity, and wherein the amount of the crystalline form of the salt is measured by XRPD.

[0197] In some embodiments, the malonate salt has a solubility in an aqueous solution having a pH of about 4.5 and at a temperature of about 37 °C, calculated as an amount of the free base of Compound I, of greater than about 2 mg/mL (e.g., greater than about 2.5 mg/mL, greater than about 2.75 mg/mL, greater than about 3 mg/mL, greater than about 3.25 mg/mL, greater than about 3.5 mg/mL, greater than about 3.75 mg/mL, greater than about 4 mg/mL, greater than about 4.25 mg/mL, greater than about 4.5 mg/mL, greater than about 4.75 mg/mL, or greater than about 5 mg/mL). In some embodiments, the malonate salt has a solubility in an aqueous solution having a pH of about 2.9 and at a temperature of about 37 °C, calculated as an amount of the free base of Compound I, of greater than about 2 mg/mL (e.g., greater than about 2.5 mg/mL, greater than about 2.75 mg/mL, greater than about 3 mg/mL, greater than about 3.25 mg/mL, greater than about 3.5 mg/mL, greater than about 3.75 mg/mL, greater than about 4 mg/mL, greater than about 4.25 mg/mL, greater than about 4.5 mg/mL, greater than about 4.75 mg/mL, or greater than about 5 mg/mL).

[0198] In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 1A. Angles as measured in degrees 2-theta and peak intensities that may be observed for the malonate salt using XRPD are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

[0199] In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern displaying at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, or at least ten of the peaks at degrees 2-theta with the greatest intensity in the XRPD pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 1A or as provided in Table 1. It should be understood that peak intensities can vary depending on a number of factors, including sample preparation, mounting, and the instrument and analytical procedure and settings used to obtain the spectrum. Peak intensities and peak assignments can vary within experimental error. In some embodiments, peak assignments listed herein, including for the malonate salt, can vary by about ±0.6 degrees, ±0.4 degrees, ±0.2 degrees, or ±0.1 degrees 2-theta.

[0200] In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.2, 6.8±0.2, 12.2±0.2, 16.0±0.2, 17.1±0.2, 19.0±0.2, 20.5±0.2, 20.9±0.2, 21.6±0.2, 23.7±0.2, and 25.6±0.2 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.2, 6.8±0.2, 12.2±0.2, 16.0±0.2, 17.1±0.2, 19.0±0.2, 21.6±0.2, and 23.7±0.2 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.2, 6.8±0.2, 16.0±0.2, and 17.1±0.2 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.4, 6.8±0.4, 12.2±0.4, 16.0±0.4, 17.1±0.4, 19.0±0.4, 20.5±0.4, 20.9±0.4, 21.6±0.4, 23.7±0.4, and 25.6±0.4 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.4, 6.8±0.4, 12.2±0.4, 16.0±0.4, 17.1±0.4, 19.0±0.4, 21.6±0.4, and 23.7±0.4 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.4, 6.8±0.4, 16.0±0.4, and 17.1±0.4 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.6, 6.8±0.6, 12.2±0.6, 16.0±0.6, 17.1±0.6, 19.0±0.6, 20.5±0.6, 20.9±0.6, 21.6±0.6, 23.7±0.6, and 25.6±0.6 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.6, 6.8±0.6, 12.2±0.6, 16.0±0.6, 17.1±0.6, 19.0±0.6, 21.6±0.6, and 23.7±0.6 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.6, 6.8±0.6, 16.0±0.6, and 17. l±0.6 degrees 2-theta. It is to be understood that additional peaks in the XRPD pattern other than those shown in FIG. 1A or as provided in Table 1 may be observed, for instance, due to the presence of impurities, solvent, or other polymorphs or amorphic forms present in the test sample.

[0201] In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern substantially as shown in FIG. IB. Angles as measured in degrees 2-theta and peak intensities that may be observed for the malonate salt using XRPD are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2

[0202] In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern displaying at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, or at least ten of the peaks at degrees 2-theta with the greatest intensity in the XRPD pattern substantially as shown in FIG. IB or as provided in Table 2. It should be understood that peak intensities can vary depending on a number of factors, including sample preparation, mounting, and the instrument and analytical procedure and settings used to obtain the spectrum. Peak intensities and peak assignments can vary within experimental error. In some embodiments, peak assignments listed herein, including for the malonate salt, can vary by about ±0.6 degrees, ±0.4 degrees, ±0.2 degrees, or ±0.1 degrees 2-theta.

[0203] In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.2, 6.8±0.2, 10.8±0.2, 12.2±0.2, 13.9±0.2, 16.0±0.2, 17.1±0.2, 18.5±0.2, 19.0±0.2, 20.4±0.2, 21.6±0.2, 23.7±0.2, 26.4±0.2, and 32.1±0.2 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.2, 6.8±0.2, 12.2±0.2, 16.0±0.2, 17.1±0.2, 18.5±0.2, 19.0±0.2, 20.4±0.2, 21.6±0.2, and 23.7±0.2 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.2, 6.8±0.2, 16.0±0.2, 17.1±0.2, and 21.6±0.2 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.4, 6.8±0.4, 10.8±0.4, 12.2±0.4, 13.9±0.4, 16.0±0.4, 17.1±0.4, 18.5±0.4, 19.0±0.4, 20.4±0.4, 21.6±0.4, 23.7±0.4, 26.4±0.4, and 32.1±0.4 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.4, 6.8±0.4, 12.2±0.4, 16.0±0.4, 17.1±0.4, 18.5±0.4, 19.0±0.4, 20.4+0.4, 21.6+0.4, and 23.7+0.4 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9+0.4, 6.8+0.4, 16.0+0.4, 17.1+0.4, and 21.6+0.4 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9+0.6, 6.8+0.6, 10.8+0.6, 12.2+0.6, 13.9+0.6, 16.0+0.6, 17.1+0.6, 18.5+0.6, 19.0+0.6, 20.4+0.6, 21.6+0.6, 23.7+0.6, 26.4+0.6, and 32.1+0.6 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9+0.6, 6.8+0.6, 12.2+0.6, 16.0+0.6, 17.1+0.6, 18.5+0.6, 19.0+0.6, 20.4+0.6, 21.6+0.6, and 23.7+0.6 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9+0.6, 6.8+0.6, 16.0+0.6, 17.1+0.6, and 21.6+0.6 degrees 2-theta. It is to be understood that additional peaks in the XRPD pattern other than those shown in FIG. IB or as provided in Table 2 may be observed, for instance, due to the presence of impurities, solvent, or other polymorphs or amorphic forms present in the test sample.

[0204] In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 1C. Angles as measured in degrees 2-theta and peak intensities that may be observed for the malonate salt using XRPD are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3

[0205] In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern displaying at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, or at least ten of the peaks at degrees 2-theta with the greatest intensity in the XRPD pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 1C or as provided in Table 3. It should be understood that peak intensities can vary depending on a number of factors, including sample preparation, mounting, and the instrument and analytical procedure and settings used to obtain the spectrum. Peak intensities and peak assignments can vary within experimental error. In some embodiments, peak assignments listed herein, including for the malonate salt, can vary by about ±0.6 degrees, ±0.4 degrees, ±0.2 degrees, or ±0.1 degrees 2-theta.

[0206] In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.2, 6.8±0.2, 10.8±0.2, 11.8±0.2, 12.2±0.2, 13.9±0.2, 16.0±0.2, 17.1±0.2, 18.5±0.2, 19.0±0.2, 19.9±0.2, 20.4±0.2, 20.9±0.2, 21.7±0.2, 23.7±0.2, 25.6±0.2, and 26.3±0.2 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.2, 6.8±0.2, 11.8±0.2, 12.2±0.2, 16.0±0.2, 17.1±0.2, 18.5±0.2, 19.0±0.2, 19.9±0.2, 20.4±0.2, 21.7±0.2, and 23.7±0.2 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.2, 6.8±0.2, 16.0±0.2, 17.1±0.2, 19.0±0.2, 21.7±0.2 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.4, 6.8±0.4, 10.8±0.4, 11.8±0.4, 12.2±0.4, 13.9±0.4, 16.0±0.4, 17.1±0.4, 18.5±0.4, 19.0±0.4, 19.9±0.4, 20.4±0.4, 20.9±0.4, 21.7±0.4, 23.7±0.4, 25.6±0.4, and 26.3±0.4 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.4, 6.8±0.4, 11.8±0.4, 12.2±0.4, 16.0±0.4, 17.1±0.4, 18.5±0.4, 19.0±0.4, 19.9±0.4, 20.4±0.4, 21.7±0.4, and 23.7±0.4 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.4, 6.8±0.4, 16.0±0.4, 17.1±0.4, 19.0±0.4, 21.7±0.4 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.6, 6.8±0.6, 10.8±0.6, 11.8±0.6, 12.2±0.6, 13.9±0.6, 16.0±0.6, 17.1±0.6, 18.5±0.6, 19.0±0.6, 19.9±0.6, 20.4±0.6, 20.9±0.6, 21.7±0.6, 23.7±0.6, 25.6±0.6, and 26.3±0.6 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9±0.6, 6.8±0.6, 11.8±0.6, 12.2±0.6, 16.0±0.6, 17.1±0.6, 18.5±0.6, 19.0±0.6, 19.9±0.6, 20.4±0.6, 21.7±0.6, and 23.7±0.6 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9+0.6, 6.8+0.6, 16.0+0.6, 17.1+0.6, 19.0+0.6, 21.7+0.6 degrees 2-theta. It is to be understood that additional peaks in the XRPD pattern other than those shown in FIG. 1C or as provided in Table 3 may be observed, for instance, due to the presence of impurities, solvent, or other polymorphs or amorphic forms present in the test sample.

[0207] In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising a peak at 5.9+0.2 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9+0.2 and 6.8+0.2 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9+0.2, 6.8+0.2, and 16.0+0.2 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9+0.2, 6.8+0.2, 16.0+0.2, 17.1+0.2, 19.0+0.2, and 21.6+0.2 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9+0.2, 6.8+0.2, 12.2+0.2, 16.0+0.2, 17.1+0.2, 19.0+0.2, 20.5+0.2, 21.6+0.2, and 23.7+0.2 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising a peak at 5.9+0.4 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9+0.4 and 6.8+0.4 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9+0.4, 6.8+0.4, and 16.0+0.4 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9+0.4, 6.8+0.4, 16.0+0.4, 17.1+0.4, 19.0+0.4, and 21.6+0.4 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9+0.4, 6.8+0.4, 12.2+0.4, 16.0+0.4, 17.1+0.4, 19.0+0.4, 20.5+0.4, 21.6+0.4, and 23.7+0.4 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising a peak at 5.9+0.6 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9+0.6 and 6.8+0.6 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9+0.6, 6.8+0.6, and 16.0+0.6 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9+0.6, 6.8+0.6, 16.0+0.6, 17.1+0.6, 19.0+0.6, and 21.6+0.6 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.9+0.6, 6.8+0.6, 12.2+0.6, 16.0+0.6, 17.1+0.6, 19.0+0.6, 20.5+0.6, 21.6+0.6, and 23.7+0.6 degrees 2-theta.

[0208] In some embodiments, the malonate salt has a differential scanning calorimetry trace substantially as shown in FIG. ID. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has a differential scanning calorimetry trace substantially as shown in FIG. IE. In some embodiments, the malonate salt has a differential scanning calorimetry trace substantially as shown in FIG. IF. In some embodiments, the malonate salt is characterized as exhibiting a differential scanning calorimetry trace comprising a peak of from about 147 °C to about 151 °C. In some embodiments, the malonate salt is characterized as exhibiting a differential scanning calorimetry trace comprising a peak at 147+4 °C (e.g., 147+3 °C, 147+2 °C, or 147+1 °C). In some embodiments, the malonate salt is characterized as exhibiting a differential scanning calorimetry trace comprising a peak at 149+4 °C (e.g., 149+3 °C, 149+2 °C, or 149+1 °C). In some embodiments, the malonate salt is characterized as exhibiting a differential scanning calorimetry trace comprising a peak at 151+4 °C (e.g., 151+3 °C, 151+2 °C, or 151+1 °C). In some embodiments, the malonate salt is characterized as exhibiting a differential scanning calorimetry trace comprising a peak of from about 147 °C to about 150 °C. In some embodiments, the malonate salt is characterized as exhibiting a differential scanning calorimetry trace comprising a peak of from about 148 °C to about 151 °C. In some embodiments, the malonate salt is characterized as exhibiting a differential scanning calorimetry trace comprising a peak of from about 148 °C to about 150 °C. In some embodiments, the malonate salt is characterized as exhibiting a differential scanning calorimetry trace comprising a peak of from about 147 °C to about 149 °C. In some embodiments, the malonate salt is characterized as exhibiting a differential scanning calorimetry trace comprising a peak of from about 149 °C to about 151 °C.

[0209] In some embodiments of the malonate salt, at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, or all of the following (a)-(h) apply:

(a) the malonate salt is a hemi-malonate salt;

(b) the malonate salt is in a crystalline form;

(c) the crystalline form of the malonate salt maintains at least 95% of the crystalline form following storage in an open container for at least 7 days at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity, and wherein the amount of the crystalline form of the salt is measured by XRPD,

(d) the crystalline form of the malonate salt maintains at least 95% of the crystalline form following storage in a closed container for at least 7 days at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity, and wherein the amount of the crystalline form of the salt is measured by XRPD,

(e) the malonate salt has a solubility in an aqueous solution having a pH of about 4.5 and at a temperature of about 37 °C, calculated as an amount of the free base of Compound I, of greater than about 2 mg/mL; (f) the malonate salt has a solubility in an aqueous solution having a pH of about 2.9 and at a temperature of about 37 °C, calculated as an amount of the free base of Compound I, of greater than about 2 mg/mL;

(g) the malonate salt exhibits an XRPD pattern comprising:

(i) a peak at 5.9+0.2 degrees 2-theta;

(ii) peaks at 5.9+0.2 and 6.8+0.2 degrees 2-theta;

(iii) peaks at 5.9+0.2, 6.8+0.2, and 16.0+0.2 degrees 2-theta;

(iv) peaks at 5.9+0.2, 6.8+0.2, 16.0+0.2, 17.1+0.2, 19.0+0.2, and 21.6+0.2 degrees 2- theta; or

(v) peaks at 5.9+0.2, 6.8+0.2, 12.2+0.2, 16.0+0.2, 17.1+0.2, 19.0+0.2, 20.5+0.2, 21.6+0.2, and 23.7+0.2 degrees 2-theta; and

(h) the malonate salt exhibits a differential scanning calorimetry trace comprising a peak of from about 147 °C to about 151 °C.

In some embodiments, (a) and (b) apply. In some embodiments, (a), (b), and (c) apply. In some embodiments, (a), (b), (c), and (d) apply. In some embodiments, (a), (b), (c), (d), and

(e) apply. In some embodiments, (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) apply. In some embodiments, (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), and (g) apply. In some embodiments, (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (g) and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (g)(i) and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (g)(ii) and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (g)(iii) and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (g)(iv) and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (g)(v) and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (e), (g), and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (e), (g)(i), and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (e), (g)(ii), and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (e), (g)(iii), and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (e), (g)(iv), and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (e), (g)(v), and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (f), (g), and (h) apply. In some embodiments,

(f), (g)(i), and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (f), (g)(ii), and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (f), (g)(iii), and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (f), (g)(iv), and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (f), (g)(v), and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (e), (f), (g), and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (e), (f), (g)(i), and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (e), (f),

(g)(ii), and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (e), (f), (g)(iii), and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (e), (f), (g)(iv), and (h) apply. In some embodiments, (e), (f), (g)(v), and (h) apply- Glycolate Salt

[0210] In some embodiments, provided herein is a glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0211] In some embodiments, the glycolate salt of Compound I is a hemi-glycolate salt.

[0212] In some embodiments, the glycolate salt of Compound I is in a crystalline form.

[0213] In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 2A. Angles as measured in degrees 2-theta and peak intensities that may be observed for the glycolate salt using XRPD are shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4

[0214] In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern displaying at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, or at least ten of the peaks at degrees 2-theta with the greatest intensity in the XRPD pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 2A or as provided in Table 4. It should be understood that peak intensities can vary depending on a number of factors, including sample preparation, mounting, and the instrument and analytical procedure and settings used to obtain the spectrum. Peak intensities and peak assignments can vary within experimental error. In some embodiments, peak assignments listed herein, including for the glycolate salt, can vary by about ±0.6 degrees, ±0.4 degrees, ±0.2 degrees, or ±0.1 degrees 2-theta.

[0215] In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.4±0.2, 6.7±0.2, 7.1±0.2, 7.4±0.2, 9.6±0.2, 10.4±0.2, 10.7±0.2, 13.0±0.2, 13.3±0.2, 14.1±0.2, 15.5±0.2, 16.9±0.2, 17.5±0.2, 19.4±0.2, 20.1±0.2, 20.9±0.2, 21.5±0.2, 22.4±0.2, 22.9±0.2, 23.3±0.2, 23.7±0.2, 24±0.2, 26.1±0.2, and 32.5±0.2 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.4±0.2, 6.7±0.2, 7.1±0.2, 7.4±0.2, 9.6±0.2, 10.4±0.2, 13.0±0.2, 13.3±0.2, 14.1±0.2, 15.5±0.2, 16.9±0.2, 19.4±0.2, 20.1±0.2, 21.5±0.2, 22.4±0.2, and 22.9±0.2 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.4±0.2, 9.6±0.2, 13.0±0.2, 14.1±0.2, 15.5±0.2, 19.4±0.2, 20.1±0.2, and 22.4±0.2 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.4±0.4, 6.7±0.4, 7.1±0.4, 7.4±0.4, 9.6±0.4, 10.4±0.4, 10.7±0.4, 13.0±0.4, 13.3±0.4, 14.1±0.4, 15.5±0.4, 16.9±0.4, 17.5±0.4, 19.4±0.4, 20.1±0.4, 20.9±0.4, 21.5±0.4, 22.4±0.4, 22.9±0.4, 23.3±0.4, 23.7±0.4, 24±0.4, 26.1±0.4, and 32.5±0.4 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.4±0.4, 6.7±0.4, 7.1±0.4, 7.4±0.4, 9.6±0.4, 10.4±0.4, 13.0±0.4, 13.3±0.4, 14.1±0.4, 15.5±0.4, 16.9±0.4, 19.4±0.4, 20.1±0.4, 21.5±0.4, 22.4±0.4, and 22.9±0.4 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.4±0.4, 9.6±0.4, 13.0±0.4, 14.1±0.4, 15.5±0.4, 19.4±0.4, 20.1±0.4, and 22.4±0.4 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.4±0.6, 6.7±0.6, 7.1±0.6, 7.4±0.6, 9.6±0.6, 10.4±0.6, 10.7±0.6, 13.0±0.6, 13.3±0.6, 14.1±0.6, 15.5±0.6, 16.9±0.6, 17.5±0.6, 19.4±0.6, 20.1±0.6, 20.9±0.6, 21.5±0.6, 22.4±0.6, 22.9±0.6, 23.3±0.6, 23.7±0.6, 24±0.6, 26.1±0.6, and 32.5±0.6 degrees 2- theta. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.4+0.6, 6.7+0.6, 7.1+0.6, 7.4+0.6, 9.6+0.6, 10.4+0.6, 13.0+0.6, 13.3+0.6, 14.1+0.6, 15.5+0.6, 16.9+0.6, 19.4+0.6, 20.1+0.6, 21.5+0.6, 22.4+0.6, and 22.9+0.6 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.4+0.6, 9.6+0.6, 13.0+0.6, 14.1+0.6, 15.5+0.6, 19.4+0.6, 20.1+0.6, and 22.4+0.6 degrees 2-theta. It is to be understood that additional peaks in the XRPD pattern other than those shown in FIG. 2A or as provided in Table 4 may be observed, for instance, due to the presence of impurities, solvent, or other polymorphs or amorphic forms present in the test sample.

[0216] In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising a peak at 14.1+0.2 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 14.1+0.2 and 19.4+0.2 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 14.1+0.2, 19.4+0.2, and 20.1+0.2 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.4+0.2, 9.6+0.2, 13.0+0.2, 14.1+0.2, 15.5+ 0.2, 19.4+0.2, 20.1+0.2, and 22.4+0.2 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising a peak at 14.1+0.4 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 14.1+0.4 and 19.4+0.4 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 14.1+0.4, 19.4+0.4, and 20.1+0.4 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.4+0.4, 9.6+0.4, 13.0+0.4, 14.1+0.4, 15.5+ 0.4, 19.4+0.4, 20.1+0.4, and 22.4+0.4 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising a peak at 14.1+0.6 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 14.1+0.6 and 19.4+0.6 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 14.1+0.6, 19.4+0.6, and 20.1+0.6 degrees 2-theta. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at 5.4+0.6, 9.6+0.6, 13.0+0.6, 14.1+0.6, 15.5+ 0.6, 19.4+0.6, 20.1+0.6, and 22.4+0.6 degrees 2-theta.

[0217] In some embodiments, the glycolate salt has a differential scanning calorimetry trace substantially as shown in FIG. 2B. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt is characterized as exhibiting a differential scanning calorimetry trace comprising a peak of from about 162 °C to about 165 °C. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt is characterized as exhibiting a differential scanning calorimetry trace comprising a peak at 162+4 °C (e.g., 162+3 °C, 162+2 °C, or 162+1 °C). In some embodiments, the glycolate salt is characterized as exhibiting a differential scanning calorimetry trace comprising a peak at 163+4 °C (e.g., 163+3 °C, 163+2 °C, or 163+1 °C). In some embodiments, the glycolate salt is characterized as exhibiting a differential scanning calorimetry trace comprising a peak at 165+4 °C (e.g., 165+3 °C, 165+2 °C, or 165+1 °C). In some embodiments, the glycolate salt is characterized as exhibiting a differential scanning calorimetry trace comprising a peak of from about 162 °C to about 164 °C. In some embodiments, the glycolate salt is characterized as exhibiting a differential scanning calorimetry trace comprising a peak of from about 163 °C to about 165 °C.

[0218] In some embodiments of the glycolate salt, at least one, at least two, at least three, or all of the following (a)-(d) apply:

(a) the glycolate salt is a hemi-glycolate salt;

(b) the glycolate salt is in a crystalline form;

(c) the glycolate salt exhibits an XRPD pattern comprising:

(i) a peak at 14.1+0.2 degrees 2-theta;

(ii) peaks at 14.1+0.2 and 19.4+0.2 degrees 2-theta;

(iii) peaks at 14.1+0.2, 19.4+0.2, and 20.1+0.2degrees 2-theta; or

(iv) peaks at 5.4+0.2, 9.6+0.2, 13.0+0.2, 14.1+0.2, 15.5+ 0.2, 19.4+0.2, 20.1+0.2, and 22.4+0.2 degrees 2-theta; and

(d) the glycolate salt exhibits a differential scanning calorimetry trace comprising a peak of from about 162 °C to about 165 °C.

In some embodiments, (a) and (b) apply. In some embodiments, (a), (b), and (c) apply. In some embodiments, (a), (b), (c), and (d) apply. In some embodiments, (c) and (d) apply. In some embodiments, (c)(i) and (d) apply. In some embodiments, (c)(ii) and (d) apply. In some embodiments, (c)(iii) and (d) apply. In some embodiments, (c)(iv) and (d) apply.

HER2

[0219] HER2 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2) also known as Neu, ErbB2, CD340 (cluster of differentiation 340) and pl 85 is an epidermal growth factor receptor found on cells. The HER2 gene is found on human chromosome 17. HER2 protein is composed of four plasma membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinases. Signaling pathways activated by HER2 protein include: mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K/Akt), phospholipase Cy, protein kinase C (PKC), and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT).

[0220] As used herein, the term “HER2” also known as ERBB2 (v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2), or Erbb2, or neu, pl 85, or CD34 (cluster of differentiation 34), is the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 tyrosine kinase protein, encoded by the HER2 gene (also known as erbb2, or neu or HER2/neu), on chromosome 17. The term “HER2” used herein refers to either i) the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the HER2 protein, or ii) the protein thereof.

[0221] As used herein, the term “HER2 amplified” or “HER2-amplified” cancer or cells refer to cancer or cells characterized by amplification of the HER2 gene that can be readily assessed by methods known to those having ordinary skill in the art, e.g., in situ hybridization (ISH) tests that are commercially available or can be conducted by methods known to those having ordinary skill in the art. It is a term commonly used and understood in the field. For purpose of this application, HER2 amplified cancer or cells encompass the following: a) the cancer or the cell exhibits at least 3, 4, 5, or 6 copies (e.g., 6 copies) of the gene encoding HER2 protein per interphase nucleus as detected by a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH) test performed on a sample from the cancer (e.g., per ASCO/CAP guidelines, such as the guidelines of 2007, 2013, or 2018); b) the cancer or cell exhibits a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8, 2.0, or 2.2, as detected by a dual-probe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer (e.g., per ASCO/CAP guidelines, such as the guidelines of 2007, 2013, or 2018); c) the cancer or cell exhibits (i) a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8, 2.0, or 2.2 and (ii) at least 3, 4, 5, or 6 copies of the gene encoding HER2 protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample, as detected by a dualprobe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer (e.g., per ASCO/CAP guidelines, such as the guidelines of 2007, 2013, or 2018). In some cases, HER2 amplified cancer are defined according to the standard described in the ASCO/CAP guidelines of 2007, 2013 or 2018 or other widely accepted standard for the cancer (e.g. , the particular cancer).

[0222] HER2 amplification has been identified in various types of cancers including, without limitation, breast, colon, endometrial, cervical, urothelial, lung (including, non-small cell lung cancer), ovarian, gastric, gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), head and neck, biliary tract, prostate, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. HER2 amplification is present in about 18%- 25% of breast cancers. HER2 amplification is also present in about 30% of GEJ cancers and about 20% of gastric cancers.

[0223] HER2 amplified tumors are characterized by an aggressive phenotype (e.g., increased cell proliferation, increased cell survival, increased cell motility, and increased cell adhesion), increased metastasis, increased relapse, shorter disease-free survival and poorer overall survival.

[0224] In some embodiments, HER2 gene amplification can be detected and/or assessed via in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques such as chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), or similar methods thereof performed on a sample from the cancer. In some embodiments, the ISH technique used is a single -probe ISH, which identifies the number of HER2 gene copies on chromosome 17. In some embodiments, the ISH technique used is a dual-probe ISH, where the HER2 gene copy number is quantified in relation to the number of centromere 17 (CEP 17) gene copies per nucleus. In some embodiments, protein expression of HER2 is detected via immunohistochemistry (IHC), or similar methods thereof. In some embodiments, the cancer is metastatic and the ISH test is performed on a sample of metastatic site.

[0225] In some embodiments, the cancer has been determined to exhibit at least 3, 4, 5, or 6 copies (e.g., 6 copies) of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus as detected by a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH) test performed on a sample from the cancer (e.g., per ASCO/CAP guidelines, such as the guidelines of 2007, 2013, or 2018). In some embodiments, the cancer has been determined to exhibit a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP 17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8, 2.0, or 2.2, as detected by a dual-probe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer (e.g., per ASCO/CAP guidelines, such as the guidelines of 2007, 2013, or 2018). In some embodiments, the cancer has been determined to exhibit (a) a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8, 2.0, or 2.2 and (b) at least 3, 4, 5, or 6 copies of the gene encoding HER2 protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample, as detected by a dual- probe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer (e.g., per ASCO/CAP guidelines, such as the guidelines of 2007, 2013, or 2018).

[0226] In some embodiments, the cancer comprises an overexpression of the HER2 protein. HER2 overexpression results in increased expression of the HER2 tyrosine kinase receptor on the cell membrane, leading to increased homo or hetero dimerization of HER2 with other family members, comprising HER1/EGFR, HER3, and HER4, leading to increased activation of HER2 signaling, resulting in increased cell cycle progression and cell proliferation, and cancer.

[0227] As used herein, the term “HER2 overexpressed” or HER2-overexpressed” cancer or cells refer to cancer or cells characterized by the overexpression of the HER2 protein that can be readily assessed by methods known to those having ordinary skill in the art, e.g., an immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests that are commercially available or can be conducted by methods known to those having ordinary skill in the art. It is a term commonly used and understood in the field. For purpose of this application, HER2 overexpressed cancer or cells encompass cancers or cells that exhibit at least 10% of cancer cells with 2+ or 3+ positivity per an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer (e.g., per ASCO/CAP guidelines, such as the guidelines of 2007, 2013, or 2018). In some cases, HER2 overexpressed cancers are defined according to the standard described in the ASCO/CAP guidelines of 2007, 2013 or 2018 or other widely accepted standard for the cancer (e.g., the particular cancer).

[0228] In some embodiments, the IHC score of 3+ positivity is associated with a test result showing homogenous, dark, and circumferential (chicken wire) pattern in at least 10% of the tumor cells, while a test result showing 2+ positivity, is associated with weak to moderate complete membrane staining in at least 10% of the tumor cells.

[0229] In some embodiments, the cancer when tested using one or more of (i) to (iv): (i) a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 6 copies of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample; (ii) a dual-probe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8; (iii) a dual-probe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits (a) a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 2.0 and (b) at least 4 copies of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample; (iv) an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 3+ positivity; or (v) (a) an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 2+ positivity, and (b) a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH) test performed on a sample from the cancer is determined to be positive.

[0230] As used herein, the term “HER2 positive” cancer or cell encompasses both HER2 amplified cancer or cell and HER2 overexpressed cancer or cell.

[0231] In some embodiments, the cancer described herein comprises both an amplification of the gene encoding HER2 and an overexpression of the HER2 protein.

[0232] In some embodiments, the cancer described herein comprises an amplification of the gene encoding HER2 but does not comprise HER2 overexpression.

[0233] In some embodiments, the cancer described herein comprises HER2 overexpression but does not comprise an amplification of the gene encoding HER2.

Method of Preparation

[0234] In some embodiments, provided is a method of preparing a malonate salt of Compound I, comprising: (1) forming a mixture of Compound I and malonic acid in a solvent; and (2) removing the solvent from step (1) to afford the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the molar ratio of malonic acid to Compound I is about 1: 1. In some embodiments, the molar ratio of malonic acid to Compound I is about 2: 1. In some embodiments, the solvent of step (1) comprises an aprotic solvent (e.g., acetone, toluene, hexane, ethyl acetate, methyl t-butyl ether, diethyl ether, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylforamide, or N-methylpyrrolidinone) or a protic solvent (e.g., methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, t-butanol, ammonia, or acetic acid). In some embodiments, the solvent of step (1) comprises an aprotic solvent. In some embodiments, the solvent of step (1) comprises acetone. In some embodiments, the solvent of step (1) comprises a protic solvent. In some embodiments, the mixture of step (1) is stirred at 23+3 °C. In some embodiments, the mixture of step (1) is stirred at a temperature of from about 1 °C to about 50 °C. In some embodiments, removing the solvent comprises vacuum drying. In some embodiments, step (2) further comprises centrifugation or vacuum filtration. [0235] In some embodiments, provided is a method of preparing a glycolate salt of Compound I, comprising: (1) forming a mixture of Compound I and glycolic acid in a solvent; and (2) removing the solvent from step (1) to afford the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the molar ratio of glycolic acid to Compound I is about 1: 1. In some embodiments, the molar ratio of glycolic acid to Compound I is about 2: 1. In some embodiments, the solvent of step (1) comprises an aprotic solvent (e.g., acetone, toluene, hexane, ethyl acetate, methyl t-butyl ether, diethyl ether, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylforamide, or N-methylpyrrolidinone) or a protic solvent (e.g., methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, t-butanol, ammonia, or acetic acid). In some embodiments, the solvent of step (1) comprises an aprotic solvent. In some embodiments, the solvent of step (1) comprises acetone. In some embodiments, the solvent of step (1) comprises a protic solvent. In some embodiments, the mixture of step (1) is stirred at 23+3 °C. In some embodiments, the mixture of step (1) is stirred at a temperature of from about 1 °C to about 50 °C. In some embodiments, removing the solvent comprises vacuum drying. In some embodiments, step (2) further comprises centrifugation or vacuum filtration.

Compositions

[0236] Also provided herein are compositions containing salts described herein, such as a malonate salt or a glycolate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the composition contains a malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the composition contains a glycolate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the compositions are pharmaceutical compositions. In some embodiments, the composition is a sterile composition.

[0237] In some embodiments, provided is a composition containing a malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the composition is substantially free of other salts and non-salt forms of Compound I. In some embodiments, the composition is substantially free of amorphous or non-crystalline forms of Compound I.

[0238] In some embodiments of the composition containing a malonate salt of Compound I, at least about 0.1%, at least about 0.3%, at least about 0.5%, at least about 0.8%, at least about 1.0%, at least about 5.0%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or at least 99.9% by weight of the total composition is the malonate salt. In some embodiments of the composition containing a malonate salt of Compound I, at least about 0.1%, at least about 0.3%, at least about 0.5%, at least about 0.8%, at least about 1.0%, at least about 5.0%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or at least 99.9% by weight of Compound I in the composition exists as the malonate salt.

[0239] In some embodiments, provided is a composition containing a glycolate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the composition is substantially free of other salts and non-salt forms of Compound I. In some embodiments, the composition is substantially free of amorphous or non-crystalline forms of Compound I.

[0240] In some embodiments of the composition containing a glycolate salt of Compound I, at least about 0.1%, at least about 0.3%, at least about 0.5%, at least about 0.8%, at least about 1.0%, at least about 5.0%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or at least 99.9% by weight of the total composition is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments of the composition containing a glycolate salt of Compound I, at least about 0.1%, at least about 0.3%, at least about 0.5%, at least about 0.8%, at least about 1.0%, at least about 5.0%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or at least 99.9% by weight of Compound I in the composition exists as the glycolate salt.

Method of Treatment

[0241] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof comprising administering to the individual a salt or pharmaceutical composition provided herein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a salt or pharmaceutical composition provided herein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof comprising administering to the individual a malonate salt of Compound I or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a malonate salt of Compound I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof comprising administering to the individual a glycolate salt of Compound I or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a glycolate salt of Compound I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0242] Also provided herein is the use of a salt or composition provided herein in the manufacture of a medicament for treatment of cancer in a subject. In some embodiments, provided herein is a salt or composition provided herein for use in a method of treating cancer. In some embodiments, provided herein is the use of a salt or composition provided herein for treating cancer.

[0243] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof comprising administering to the individual a malonate salt of Compound I, a glycolate salt of Compound I, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a malonate salt of Compound I, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a glycolate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., a metastatic cancer) in an individual in need thereof comprising administering to the individual a salt or pharmaceutical composition provided herein, wherein the cancer comprises an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, or one or more wild-type or mutant kinases selected from ERBB2 (HER2) and ERBB4. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises one or more mutations selected from the group consisting of EGFR Dell9/T790M, EGFR L858R/T790M, EGFR L858R, EGFR Exon20 ins NPH, EGFR Exon20 ins SVD, EGFR Exon20 ins FQEA, EGFR Exon20 ins H, EGFR Exon20 ins ASV, and a mutation of ERBB2 which is Her2 Exon20 ins YVMA. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises a mutation which is EGFR Dell9/T790M. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises a mutation which is EGFR L858R/T790M. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises a mutation which is EGFR L858R. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises a mutation which is EGFR Exon20 ins NPH. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises a mutation which is EGFR Exon20 ins SVD. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises a mutation which is EGFR Exon20 ins FQEA. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises a mutation which is EGFR Exon20 ins H. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises a mutation which is EGFR Exon20 ins ASV. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises a mutation of ERBB2 which is Her2 Exon20 ins YVMA. In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer.

[0244] In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of pseudomyxoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, hepatoblastoma, liver cancer, thyroid cancer, colon cancer, testicular cancer, myelodysplastic syndrome, glioblastoma, oral cancer, lip cancer, mycosis fungoides, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, basal cell carcinoma, ovarian epithelial cancer, ovarian germ cell cancer, male breast cancer, brain cancer, pituitary adenomas, multiple myeloma, gallbladder cancer, biliary tract cancer, colorectal cancer, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, retinoblastoma, choroidal melanoma, ampulla of vater cancer, bladder cancer, peritoneal cancer, parathyroid cancer, adrenal cancer, nasal and paranasal sinus cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, tongue cancer, astrocytoma, small cell lung cancer, childhood brain cancer, pediatric lymphoma, pediatric leukemia, small intestine cancer, meningioma, esophageal cancer, glioma, renal carcinoma, kidney cancer, heart cancer, duodenal cancer, malignant soft tissue cancer, malignant bone cancer, malignant lymphoma, malignant mesothelioma, malignant melanoma, eye cancer, vulvar cancer, ureter cancer, urethral cancer, cancer of unknown primary site, gastric lymphoma, gastric cancer, gastric carcinoid tumors, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, Wilms cancer, breast cancer, sarcoma, penile cancer, pharyngeal cancer, gestational trophoblastic disease, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, uterine sarcoma, prostate cancer, metastatic bone cancer, metastatic brain cancer, mediastinal cancer, rectal cancer, rectal carcinoid tumors, vaginal cancer, spinal carcinoma, acoustic neuroma, pancreatic cancer, salivary gland cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, Paget's disease, tonsillar cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, lung cancer, lung squamous cell carcinoma, skin cancer, anal cancer, rhabdomyosarcoma, laryngeal cancer, pleural cancer, blood cancer, and thymic carcinoma. In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of metastatic brain cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is metastatic brain cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is breast cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer.

[0245] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof comprising administering to the individual a salt or pharmaceutical composition provided herein, wherein the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer and the cancer has been determined to comprise one or more mutations selected from (a) EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, (b) HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations, and (c) HER2 amplification or overexpression. In some embodiments, the cancer has been determined to comprise one or more EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations. In some embodiments, the cancer has been determined to comprise one or more HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations. In some embodiments, the cancer has been determined to comprise HER2 amplification or overexpression. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0246] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof comprising administering to the individual a salt or pharmaceutical composition provided herein, wherein the cancer is non- small cell lung cancer and the cancer has been determined to comprise one or more mutations selected from (a) EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, and (b) a HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations. In some embodiments, the non-small cell lung cancer has been determined to comprise one or more EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations. In some embodiments, the non-small cell lung cancer has been determined to comprise one or more HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0247] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof comprising administering to the individual a salt or pharmaceutical composition provided herein, wherein the cancer has been determined by use of an FDA-approved test to comprise one or more mutations selected from (a) EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, (b) HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations, and (c) HER2 amplification or overexpression. In some embodiments, the cancer has been determined by use of an FDA-approved test to comprise one or more EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations. In some embodiments, the cancer has been determined by use of an FDA-approved test to comprise one or more HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations. In some embodiments, the cancer has been determined by use of an FDA- approved test to comprise HER2 amplification or overexpression. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0248] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof comprising administering to the individual a salt or pharmaceutical composition provided herein, wherein the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer and the cancer has been determined by use of an FDA-approved test to comprise one or more mutations selected from (a) EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, (b) HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations, and (c) HER2 amplification or overexpression. In some embodiments, the non-small cell lung cancer has been determined by use of an FDA-approved test to comprise one or more EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations. In some embodiments, the non-small cell lung cancer has been determined by use of an FDA-approved test to comprise one or more HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations. In some embodiments, the non-small cell lung cancer has been determined by use of an FDA-approved test to comprise HER2 amplification or overexpression. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0249] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof comprising administering to the individual a salt or pharmaceutical composition provided herein, wherein in the cancer in the individual has been determined by use of any nucleic acid-based diagnostic testing method to comprise one or more mutations selected from (a) EGFR exon 20 insertions mutations, and (b) HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations. In some embodiments, the cancer has been determined by use of any nucleic acid-based diagnostic testing method to comprise one or more EGFR exon 20 insertions mutations. In some embodiments, the cancer has been determined by use of any nucleic acid-based diagnostic testing method to comprise one or more HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0250] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof comprising administering to the individual a salt or pharmaceutical composition provided herein, wherein in the cancer in the individual is non-small cell lung cancer and the cancer has been determined by use of any nucleic acid-based diagnostic testing method to comprise one or more mutations selected from (a) EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, and (b) a HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations. In some embodiments, the non-small cell lung cancer has been determined by use of any nucleic acid-based diagnostic testing method to comprise one or more EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations. In some embodiments, the non-small cell lung cancer has been determined by use of any nucleic acid-based diagnostic testing method to comprise one or more HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0251] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof comprising administering to the individual a salt or pharmaceutical composition provided herein, wherein in the cancer in the individual is locally advanced or metastatic non- small cell lung cancer with one or more EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations or one or more HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test, and wherein the cancer has progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. In some embodiments, the non-small lung cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer in the individual is locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with one or more EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, wherein the cancer has progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. In some embodiments, the cancer in the individual is locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with one or more HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations, wherein the cancer has progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0252] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof comprising administering to the individual a salt or pharmaceutical composition provided herein, wherein in the cancer in the individual is locally advanced or metastatic non- small cell lung cancer comprising one or more EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test, and wherein the cancer has progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0253] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof comprising administering to the individual a salt or pharmaceutical composition provided herein, wherein in the cancer in the individual is locally advanced or metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer comprising one or more HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test, and wherein the cancer has progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0254] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof comprising administering to the individual a salt or pharmaceutical composition provided herein, wherein in the cancer in the individual is locally advanced or metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer with one or more EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations or one or more HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test, and wherein the cancer has progressed following prior EGFR exon 20 insertion mutation therapy or HER2 exon 20 insertion mutation therapy. In some embodiments, the cancer in the individual is locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with one or more EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test, and wherein the cancer has progressed following prior EGFR exon 20 insertion mutation therapy. In some embodiments, the cancer in the individual is locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with one or more HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test, and wherein the cancer has progressed following prior HER2 exon 20 insertion mutation therapy. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0255] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof comprising administering to the individual a salt or pharmaceutical composition provided herein, wherein in the cancer in the individual is locally advanced or metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer comprising one or more EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test, and wherein the cancer has progressed following prior EGFR exon 20 insertion mutation therapy. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0256] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof comprising administering to the individual a salt or pharmaceutical composition provided herein, wherein in the cancer in the individual is locally advanced or metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer comprising one or more HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test, and wherein the cancer has progressed following prior HER2 exon 20 insertion mutation therapy. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0257] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof comprising administering to the individual a salt or pharmaceutical composition provided herein, wherein in the cancer in the individual has been determined to comprise HER2 amplification or overexpression by use of an immunohistochemistry (IHC) or an in situ hybridization (ISH) test. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0258] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises an overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein.

[0259] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer is a locally advanced cancer. In some variations, the cancer is unresectable. In some variations, the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases). In some variations, the cancer when tested using a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH, e.g., a silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 3, 4, 5, or 6 copies (e.g., at least 6 copies) of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample prior to administration of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some variations, the cancer when tested using a dual-probe ISH (e.g., a silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8 (e.g., at least 1.8, 2.0 or 2.2). In some variations, the cancer when tested using a dual-probe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits (a) a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8 (e.g., at least 1.8, 2.0 or 2.2) and (b) at least 3 or 4 copies (e.g., at least 3, 4, 5, or 6 copies) of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample. In some variations, the cancer when tested using an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 2+ or 3+ positivity. In some variations, the cancer when tested using (a) an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 2+ positivity, and (b) a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH) test performed on a sample from the cancer is determined to be positive. In some variations, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of metastatic brain cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. In some variations, the cancer comprises one or more (such as 1, 2, or 3) mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein (such as any of the mutations described herein). In some variations, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein. In some variations, the cancer comprises one or more (such as 1, 2, or 3) mutations in the HER2 protein (such as any of the mutations described herein). In some variations, the cancer comprises one or more (such as 1, 2, or 3) mutations in the HER2 protein, wherein the one or more (such as 1, 2, or 3) mutations in the HER2 protein is selected from p.A775_G776insYVMA, p.778insGCP, p.G780_P781dupGSP, and p.G778_S779insCPG. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise any mutation in the HER2 protein. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise HER2 overexpression. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise one or more mutations in the HER2 protein. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise one or more exon 20 insertion mutations in the HER2 protein. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise one or more exon 20 insertion mutations in the HER2 protein, selected from p.A775_G776insYVMA, p.778insGCP, p.G780_P781dupGSP, and p.G778_S779insCPG. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise an exon 20 insertion mutation in the HER2 protein that is p.A775_G776insYVMA. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise an exon 20 insertion mutation in the HER2 protein that is p.778insGCP. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise an exon 20 insertion mutation in the HER2 protein that is p.G780_P781dupGSP. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise an exon 20 insertion mutation in the HER2 protein that is p.G778_S779insCPG. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in the HER2 protein that is L775S. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in the HER2 protein that is G776C. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise any mutation in the HER2 protein. In some variations, the cancer comprises a mutation in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) protein. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) protein. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in phosphatidylinositol-4,5- bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) protein at histidine 1047. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) protein selected from H1047L and H1047R. In some variations, the composition is administered to the individual in need thereof orally, parentally, intravenously, subcutaneously, or intracerebrally. In some variations, the method further comprises administering to the individual in need thereof one or more additional anticancer agents (such as any of the anticancer agents described herein). In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a HER2 inhibitors. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a HER2-CD3 bispecific antibody. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a HER2-immune targeting bispecific antibody. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) natural killer (NK) cells. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a poly- ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a PD-1 inhibitor. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a PD-L1 inhibitor. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a PI3K inhibitor. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a chemotherapeutic agent. In some variations, the individual is a human.

[0260] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases). In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises (a) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (b) an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises (a) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (b) an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises (a) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (b) an overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein.

[0261] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer has been determined to exhibit one or more of (i) to (iv) prior to administration of the salt of Compound I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: (i) a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 6 copies of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample; (ii) a dual-probe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8; (iii) a dualprobe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits (a) a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP 17) per interphase nucleus of at least 2.0 and (b) at least 4 copies of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample; (iv) an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 3+ positivity; or (v) (a) an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 2+ positivity, and (b) a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH) test performed on a sample from the cancer is determined to be positive. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases). In some embodiments, the cancer is a locally advanced cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is unresectable.

[0262] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer when tested using a single -probe in situ hybridization (ISH, e.g., a silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 3, 4, 5, or 6 copies (e.g., at least 6 copies) of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample prior to administration of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some variations, the cancer when tested using a dual-probe ISH (e.g., a silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8 (e.g., at least 1.8, 2.0 or 2.2). In some variations, the cancer when tested using a dual-probe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits (a) a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8 (e.g., at least 1.8, 2.0 or 2.2) and (b) at least 3 or 4 copies (e.g., at least 3, 4, 5, or 6 copies) of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample. In some variations, the cancer when tested using an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 2+ or 3+ positivity. In some variations, the cancer when tested using (a) an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 2+ positivity, and (b) a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH) test performed on a sample from the cancer is determined to be positive. In some variations, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of metastatic brain cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. In some variations, the cancer comprises one or more (such as 1, 2, or 3) mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein (such as any of the mutations described herein). In some variations, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein. In some variations, the cancer comprises one or more (such as 1, 2, or 3) mutations in the HER2 protein (such as any of the mutations described herein). In some variations, the cancer does not comprise HER2 overexpression. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise any mutation in the HER2 protein. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise one or more mutations in the HER2 protein. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise one or more exon 20 insertion mutations in the HER2 protein. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise one or more exon 20 insertion mutations in the HER2 protein, selected from p.A775_G776insYVMA, p.778insGCP, p.G780_P781dupGSP, and p.G778_S779insCPG. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise an exon 20 insertion mutation in the HER2 protein that is p.A775_G776insYVMA. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise an exon 20 insertion mutation in the HER2 protein that is p.778insGCP. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise an exon 20 insertion mutation in the HER2 protein that is p.G780_P781dupGSP. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise an exon 20 insertion mutation in the HER2 protein that is p.G778_S779insCPG. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in the HER2 protein that is L775S. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in the HER2 protein that is G776C. In some variations, the cancer comprises a mutation in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) protein. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) protein. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in phosphatidylinositol-4,5- bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) protein at histidine 1047. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) protein selected from H1047L and H1047R. In some variations, the composition is administered to the individual in need thereof orally, parentally, intravenously, subcutaneously, or intracerebrally. In some variations, the method further comprises administering to the individual in need thereof one or more additional anticancer agents (such as any of the anticancer agents described herein). In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a HER2 inhibitors. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a HER2-CD3 bispecific antibody. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a HER2-immune targeting bispecific antibody. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) natural killer (NK) cells. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a poly- ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a PD-1 inhibitor. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a PD-L1 inhibitor. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a PI3K inhibitor. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a chemotherapeutic agent. In some variations, the individual is a human.

[0263] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 6 copies of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample prior to administration of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and wherein a single -probe in situ hybridization (ISH) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 6 copies of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample prior to administration of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises (a) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (b) an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein, and wherein a single -probe in situ hybridization (ISH) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 6 copies of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample prior to administration of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein a dual-probe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8 prior to administration of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and wherein a dual-probe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8 prior to administration of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises (a) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (b) an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein, and wherein a dual-probe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8 prior to administration of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein a dual-probe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits (a) a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 2.0 and (b) at least 4 copies of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample prior to administration of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and wherein a dual-probe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits (a) a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 2.0 and (b) at least 4 copies of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample prior to administration of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises (a) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (b) an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein, and wherein a dual-probe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits (a) a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 2.0 and (b) at least 4 copies of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample prior to administration of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 3+ positivity prior to administration of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and wherein an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 3+ positivity prior to administration of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises (a) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (b) an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein, and wherein an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 3+ positivity prior to administration of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein (a) an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 2+ positivity, and (b) a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH) test performed on a sample from the cancer is determined to be positive prior to administration of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and wherein (a) an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 2+ positivity, and (b) a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH) test performed on a sample from the cancer is determined to be positive prior to administration of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises (a) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (b) an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein, and wherein (i) an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 2+ positivity, and (ii) a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH) test performed on a sample from the cancer is determined to be positive prior to administration of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein.

[0264] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer is a locally advanced cancer. In some variations, the cancer is unresectable. In some variations, the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases). In some variations, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of metastatic brain cancer, breast cancer, and non- small cell lung cancer.

[0265] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer is a metastatic solid tumor. In some variations, the cancer is cancer is a metastatic solid tumor and is unresectable. In some variations, the cancer is a metastatic solid tumor and comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases). In some variations, the cancer is a metastatic solid tumor and is selected from the group consisting of metastatic brain cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. In some variations, the cancer is a metastatic solid tumor comprising brain cancer. In some variations, the cancer is a metastatic solid tumor comprising metastatic brain cancer. In some variations, the cancer is a metastatic solid tumor comprising breast cancer. In some variations, the cancer is a metastatic solid tumor comprising non-small cell lung cancer. In some variations, the cancer is metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. In some variations, the cancer is metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, wherein the cancer comprises central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases). In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0266] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof comprising administering to the individual a salt or pharmaceutical composition provided herein, wherein the cancer in the individual comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases). In some embodiments, the CNS metastases developed in the individual following prior therapy comprising an EGFR or HER2 inhibitor. In some embodiments, the prior therapy comprises an EGFR inhibitor. In some embodiments, the prior therapy comprises an EGFR exon 20 mutant inhibitor. In some embodiments, the prior therapy comprises a HER2 inhibitor. In some embodiments, the prior therapy comprises a HER2 exon 20 mutant inhibitor. In some embodiments, the administration to the individual of a salt or pharmaceutical composition provided herein successfully treats the one or more one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases).

[0267] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer.

[0268] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer comprises one or more (such as 1, 2, or 3) mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein. In some variations, the one or more mutations in the EGFR protein comprises one or more (such as 1, 2, or 3) mutations selected from the group consisting of G309A, G309E, S310F, R678Q, R678Q and L755W, L755S, L755W, I767M, D769H, D769Y, V777L, Y835F,V842I, R896C, G1201V, del.755-759EGFR Dell9/T790M, EGFR L858R/T790M, EGFR L858R, EGFR del 19, EGFR L858R/C797S, EGFR dell9/C797S, EGFR Exon20 ins NPH, EGFR Exon20 ins SVD, EGFR Exon20 ins FQEA, EGFR Exon20 ins H, and EGFR Exon20 ins ASV. In some variations, the cancer comprises one or more mutations selected from the group consisting of G309A, G309E, S310F, R678Q, R678Q and L755W, L755S, L755W, I767M, D769H, D769Y, V777L, Y835F,V842I, R896C, G1201V, del.755-759EGFR Dell9/T790M, EGFR L858R/T790M, EGFR L858R, EGFR del 19, EGFR L858R/C797S, EGFR dell9/C797S, EGFR Exon20 ins NPH, EGFR Exon20 ins SVD, EGFR Exon20 ins FQEA, EGFR Exon20 ins H, and EGFR Exon20 ins ASV. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise any of the EGFR mutations described above. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise any mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein.

[0269] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer does not comprise an EGFR T790M mutation. In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer has been determined by use of an FDA-approved test not to comprise an EGFR T790M mutation. In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer and has been determined by use of an FDA-approved test not to comprise an EGFR T790M mutation. In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer comprising central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases) and has been determined by use of an FDA-approved test not to comprise an EGFR T790M mutation. In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer is metastatic non-small cell lung cancer comprising central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases) and has been determined by use of an FDA-approved test not to comprise an EGFR T790M mutation. In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer is breast cancer comprising central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases) and has been determined by use of an FDA-approved test not to comprise an EGFR T790M mutation. In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer is metastatic breast cancer comprising central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases) and has been determined by use of an FDA-approved test not to comprise an EGFR T790M mutation. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0270] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer comprises one or more (such as 1, 2, or 3) mutations in the HER2 protein, wherein the one or more (such as 1, 2, or 3) mutations in the HER2 protein is selected from p.A775_G776insYVMA, p.778insGCP, p.G780_P781dupGSP, and p.G778_S779insCPG. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise any mutation in the HER2 protein. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise one or more mutations in the HER2 protein. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise one or more exon 20 insertion mutations in the HER2 protein. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise one or more exon 20 insertion mutations in the HER2 protein, selected from p.A775_G776insYVMA, p.778insGCP, p.G780_P781dupGSP, and p.G778_S779insCPG. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise an exon 20 insertion mutation in the HER2 protein that is p.A775_G776insYVMA. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise an exon 20 insertion mutation in the HER2 protein that is p.778insGCP. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise an exon 20 insertion mutation in the HER2 protein that is p.G780_P781dupGSP. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise an exon 20 insertion mutation in the HER2 protein that is p.G778_S779insCPG. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in the HER2 protein that is L775S. In some variations, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in the HER2 protein that is G776C.

[0271] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the composition is administered to the individual in need thereof orally, parentally, intravenously, subcutaneously, or intracerebrally.

[0272] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the individual has not received one or more prior therapy for treatment of the cancer prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein.

[0273] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the individual has not received prior therapy for treatment of the cancer with an EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer has been determined to comprise one or more EGFR exon20 mutations, and the individual has not received prior therapy for treatment of the cancer with an EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer that has been determined to comprise one or more EGFR exon20 mutations, and the individual has not received prior therapy for treatment of the cancer with an EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer is metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that has been determined to comprise one or more EGFR exon20 mutations, and the individual has not received prior therapy for treatment of the cancer with an EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer is non- small cell lung cancer comprising central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases) that has been determined to comprise one or more EGFR exon20 mutations, and the individual has not received prior therapy for treatment of the cancer with an EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0274] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer is nonsmall cell lung cancer and the individual has not received prior therapy for treatment of the cancer with an EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0275] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the individual is EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor naive prior to administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer has been determined to comprise one or more EGFR exon20 mutations, and the individual is EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor naive prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer that has been determined to comprise one or more EGFR exon20 mutations, and the individual is EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor naive prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer is metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that has been determined to comprise one or more EGFR exon20 mutations, and the individual is EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor naive prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer comprising central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases) that has been determined to comprise one or more EGFR exon20 mutations, and the individual is EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor naive prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0276] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, wherein the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer and the individual is EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor naive to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer has been determined to comprise one or more HER2 exon20 mutations, and the individual is HER2 exon 20 mutation inhibitor naive prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer that has been determined to comprise one or more HER2 exon20 mutations, and the individual is HER2 exon 20 mutation inhibitor naive prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer is metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that has been determined to comprise one or more HER2 exon20 mutations, and the individual is HER2 exon 20 mutation inhibitor naive prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer comprising central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases) that has been determined to comprise one or more HER2 exon20 mutations, and the individual is HER2 exon 20 mutation inhibitor naive prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0277] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the individual has received one or more prior therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some variations, the one or more prior therapies comprise one or more anti-HER2-based regimens. In some variations, the one or more anti-HER2 -based regimens was administered to the individual in a metastatic setting. In some variations, the individual has failed the one or more prior therapies prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein.

[0278] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the individual has received one or more prior EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer has been determined to comprise one or more EGFR exon20 mutations, and the individual has received one or more prior EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor therapies for treatment of the cancer prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer that has been determined to comprise one or more EGFR exon20 mutations, and the individual has received one or more prior EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor therapies for treatment of the cancer prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer is metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that has been determined to comprise one or more EGFR exon20 mutations, and the individual has received one or more prior EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor therapies for treatment of the cancer prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer is non- small cell lung cancer comprising central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases) that has been determined to comprise one or more EGFR exon20 mutations, and the individual has received one or more prior EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor therapies for treatment of the cancer prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0279] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer is nonsmall cell lung cancer and the individual has received one or more prior EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein.

[0280] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the individual has received one or more prior EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of the salt or the pharmaceutical composition, and wherein the individual is further administered a bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor-directed antibody. In some embodiments, the cancer has been determined to comprise one or more EGFR exon20 mutations, and the individual has received one or more prior EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor therapies for treatment of the cancer prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and wherein the individual is further administered a bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor-directed antibody. In some embodiments, the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer that has been determined to comprise one or more EGFR exon20 mutations, and the individual has received one or more prior EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor therapies for treatment of the cancer prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and wherein the individual is further administered a bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor-directed antibody. In some embodiments, the cancer is metastatic non- small cell lung cancer that has been determined to comprise one or more EGFR exon20 mutations, and the individual has received one or more prior EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor therapies for treatment of the cancer prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and wherein the individual is further administered a bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor-directed antibody. In some embodiments, the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer comprising central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases) that has been determined to comprise one or more EGFR exon20 mutations, and the individual has received one or more prior EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor therapies for treatment of the cancer prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and wherein the individual is further administered a bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor-directed antibody. In some embodiments, the bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor-directed antibody is amivantamab. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0281] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the individual has received one or more prior EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of the salt or the pharmaceutical composition, and wherein the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer and the individual is further administered a bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor-directed antibody. In some embodiments, the bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor-directed antibody is amivantamab. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0282] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, (a) the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer and (b) the individual has received one or more prior EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of the salt or the pharmaceutical composition, and wherein individual is further administered amivantamab. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0283] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the individual has received one or more prior therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of the salt or the pharmaceutical composition, and wherein the one or more prior therapies comprise an EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor and a bispecific EGF receptor- directed and MET receptor-directed antibody. In some embodiments, the bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor-directed antibody is amivantamab. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0284] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer is nonsmall lung cancer and the individual has received one or more prior therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of the salt or the pharmaceutical composition, and wherein the one or more prior therapies comprise an EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor and a bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor-directed antibody. In some embodiments, the bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor- directed antibody is amivantamab. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0285] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the individual has received one or more prior therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of the salt or the pharmaceutical composition, and wherein the one or more prior therapies comprise an EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor and amivantamab. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I. [0286] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer is nonsmall cell lung cancer and the individual has received one or more prior therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of the salt or the pharmaceutical composition, and wherein the one or more prior therapies comprise an EGFR exon 20 mutation inhibitor and amivantamab. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I

[0287] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the individual has received one or more prior therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of the salt or the pharmaceutical composition, and wherein the one or more prior therapies comprises chemotherapy. In some embodiments, the one or more prior therapies comprising chemotherapy comprises platinum-based chemotherapy. In some embodiments, the one or more prior therapies comprising chemotherapy does not comprise platinum-based chemotherapy. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I

[0288] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the individual has failed the one or more prior therapies prior to administration to the individual of the salt or the pharmaceutical composition, and wherein the one or more prior therapies is selected from (a) a bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor-directed antibody, and (b) chemotherapy. In some embodiments, the EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor-directed antibody is amivantamab. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0289] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer does not comprise HER2 overexpression. [0290] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer does not comprise amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein.

[0291] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the method further comprises identifying the individual based upon the individual having a HER2- amplified or HER2 overexpressed cancer.

[0292] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) protein (e.g., one or more mutations at histidine 1047 or cysteine 420, e.g., H1047L, H1047R, or C420R).

[0293] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the method further comprises administering to the individual in need thereof one or more additional anticancer agents (such as any of the anticancer agents described herein) or a second therapy (e.g., radiology). In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a HER2 inhibitors. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a HER2-CD3 bispecific antibody. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a HER2-immune targeting bispecific antibody. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) natural killer (NK) cells. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a PD-1 inhibitor. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a PD-L1 inhibitor. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a PI3K inhibitor. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a chemotherapeutic agent.

[0294] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the method further comprises administering to the individual in need thereof one or more additional anticancer agents, wherein the one or more additional anticancer agents comprises a bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor-directed antibody. In some embodiments, the bispecific EGF receptor-directed and MET receptor-directed antibody is amivantamab.

[0295] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises HER2 overexpression. In some embodiments, a sample of the cancer exhibits HER2 expression of 3+ when tested using immunohistochemistry (IHC) test. In some embodiments, the present application provides a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases). In some embodiments, the present application provides a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises (a) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (b) an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises an amplification of the gene encoding HER2 protein. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises one or more (such as 1, 2, or 3) mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations in the EGFR protein comprises one or more (such as 1, 2, or 3) mutations selected from the group consisting of G309A, G309E, S310F, R678Q, R678Q and L755W, L755S, L755W, I767M, D769H, D769Y, V777L, Y835F,V842I, R896C, G1201V, del.755-759EGFR Dell9/T790M, EGFR L858R/T790M, EGFR L858R, EGFR del 19, EGFR L858R/C797S, EGFR dell9/C797S, EGFR Exon20 ins NPH, EGFR Exon20 ins SVD, EGFR Exon20 ins FQEA, EGFR Exon20 ins H, and EGFR Exon20 ins ASV. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises a G309A mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises a G309E mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises a S310F mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises a R678Q mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises a R678Q mutation and a L755W mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises a L755S mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises a L755W mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises an I767M mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises a D769H mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises a D769Y mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises a V777L mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises a Y835F mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises a V842I mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises a R896C mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises a G 120 IV mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises a del.755-759EGFR Dell9/T790M mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises an EGFR L858R/T790M mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises an EGFR L858R mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises an EGFR del 19 mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises an EGFR L858R/C797S mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises an EGFR dell9/C797S mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises an EGFR Exon20 ins NPH mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises an EGFR Exon20 ins SVD mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises an EGFR Exon20 ins FQEA mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises an EGFR Exon20 ins H mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises an EGFR Exon20 ins ASV mutation. In some embodiments, the cancer does not comprise any of the EGFR mutations described above. In some embodiments, the cancer does not comprise any mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein. In some embodiments, the cancer when tested using a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH, e.g., a silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 3, 4, 5, or 6 copies (e.g., at least 6 copies) of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample prior to administration of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer when tested using a dual-probe ISH (e.g., a silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8 (e.g., at least 1.8, 2.0 or 2.2). In some embodiments, the cancer when tested using a dual-probe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits (a) a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8 (e.g., at least 1.8, 2.0 or 2.2) and (b) at least 3 or 4 copies (e.g., at least 3, 4, 5, or 6 copies) of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample. In some embodiments, the cancer when tested using an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 2+ or 3+ positivity. In some embodiments, the cancer when tested using (a) an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 2+ positivity, and (b) a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH) test performed on a sample from the cancer is determined to be positive. In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of metastatic brain cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. In some embodiments, the composition is administered to the individual in need thereof orally, parentally, intravenously, subcutaneously, or intracerebrally. In some embodiments, the individual has not received one or more prior therapy for treatment of the cancer prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the individual has received one or more prior therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the one or more prior therapies comprise one or more anti-HER2-based regimens. In some embodiments, the one or more anti-HER2-based regimens was administered to the individual in a metastatic setting. In some embodiments, the individual has failed the one or more prior therapies prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the method further comprises identifying the individual based upon the individual having a HER2- amplified or HER2 overexpressed cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of metastatic brain cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is locally advanced or metastatic. In some embodiments, the cancer is unresectable.

[0296] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises HER2 overexpression. In some embodiments, a sample of the cancer exhibits HER2 expression of 3+ when tested using immunohistochemistry (IHC) test. In some embodiments, the present application provides a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases). In some embodiments, the present application provides a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, wherein the cancer comprises (a) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (b) an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises an amplification of the gene encoding HER2 protein. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises one or more (such as 1, 2, or 3) mutations in the HER2 protein, wherein the one or more (such as 1, 2, or 3) mutations in the HER2 protein is selected from p.A775_G776insYVMA, p.778insGCP, p.G780_P781dupGSP, and p.G778_S779insCPG. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises a p.A775_G776insYVMA mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises a p.778insGCP mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises a p.G780_P781dupGSP mutation. In some embodiments, the one or more mutations comprises a .G778_S779insCPG mutation. In some embodiments, the cancer does not comprise any of the HER2 mutations described above. In some embodiments, the cancer does not comprise any mutation in the HER2 protein. In some embodiments according to any one of the methods described herein, the cancer does not comprise one or more mutations in the HER2 protein. In some embodiments according to any one of the methods described herein, the cancer does not comprise one or more exon 20 insertion mutations in the HER2 protein. In some embodiments according to any one of the methods described herein, the cancer does not comprise one or more exon 20 insertion mutations in the HER2 protein, selected from p.A775_G776insYVMA, p.778insGCP, p.G780_P781dupGSP, and p.G778_S779insCPG. In some embodiments according to any one of the methods described herein, the cancer does not comprise an exon 20 insertion mutation in the HER2 protein that is p.A775_G776insYVMA. In some embodiments according to any one of the methods described herein, the cancer does not comprise an exon 20 insertion mutation in the HER2 protein that is p.778insGCP. In some embodiments according to any one of the methods described herein, the cancer does not comprise an exon 20 insertion mutation in the HER2 protein that is p.G780_P781dupGSP. In some embodiments according to any one of the methods described herein, the cancer does not comprise an exon 20 insertion mutation in the HER2 protein that is p.G778_S779insCPG. In some embodiments according to any one of the methods described herein, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in the HER2 protein that is L775S. In some embodiments according to any one of the methods described herein, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in the HER2 protein that is G776C. In some embodiments, the cancer when tested using a single -probe in situ hybridization (ISH, e.g., a silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 3, 4, 5, or 6 copies (e.g., at least 6 copies) of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample prior to administration of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer when tested using a dual -probe ISH (e.g., a silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8 (e.g., at least 1.8, 2.0 or 2.2). In some embodiments, the cancer when tested using a dual-probe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits (a) a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8 (e.g., at least 1.8, 2.0 or 2.2) and (b) at least 3 or 4 copies (e.g., at least 3, 4, 5, or 6 copies) of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample. In some embodiments, the cancer when tested using an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 2+ or 3+ positivity. In some embodiments, the cancer when tested using (a) an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 2+ positivity, and (b) a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH) test performed on a sample from the cancer is determined to be positive. In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of metastatic brain cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. In some embodiments, the composition is administered to the individual in need thereof orally, parentally, intravenously, subcutaneously, or intracerebrally. In some embodiments, the individual has not received one or more prior therapy for treatment of the cancer prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the individual has received one or more prior therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the one or more prior therapies comprise one or more anti-HER2-based regimens. In some embodiments, the one or more anti-HER2-based regimens was administered to the individual in a metastatic setting. In some embodiments, the individual has failed the one or more prior therapies prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the method further comprises identifying the individual based upon the individual having a HER2- amplified or HER2 overexpressed cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of metastatic brain cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is locally advanced or metastatic. In some embodiments, the cancer is unresectable.

[0297] In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) one or more additional anticancer agent or a second therapy, wherein the cancer comprises an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) one or more additional anticancer agent or a second therapy, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases). In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) one or more additional anticancer agent or a second therapy, wherein the cancer comprises (i) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (ii) an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) a HER2 inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) a HER2 inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases). In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) a HER2 inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises (i) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (ii) an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) one or more chemotherapeutic agents, wherein the cancer comprises an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) one or more chemotherapeutic agents, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases). In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) one or more chemotherapeutic agents, wherein the cancer comprises (i) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (ii) an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) one or more additional anticancer agents comprising trastuzumab and capecitabine, wherein the cancer comprises an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) one or more additional anticancer agents comprising trastuzumab and capecitabine, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases). In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) one or more additional anticancer agents comprising trastuzumab and capecitabine, wherein the cancer comprises (i) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (ii) an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) an EGFR inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) an EGFR inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases). In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) an EGFR inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises (i) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (ii) an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) a PARP inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) a PARP inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases). In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) a PARP inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises (i) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (ii) an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) a PD-1 inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) a PD- 1 inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases). In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) a PD- 1 inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises (i) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (ii) an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) a PD-L1 inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) a PD-L1 inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases). In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) a PD-L1 inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises (i) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (ii) an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) a PI3K inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) a PI3K inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases). In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) a PI3K inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises (i) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (ii) an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating gastric cancer in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) one or more additional anticancer agents comprising a chemotherapeutic agent or a PD-1 inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating gastric cancer in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) one or more additional anticancer agents comprising a chemotherapeutic agent or a PD-1 inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases). In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating gastric cancer in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) one or more additional anticancer agents comprising a chemotherapeutic agent or a PD- 1 inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises (i) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (ii) an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating lung cancer (e.g., NSCLC or SCLC) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) one or more additional anticancer agents selected from the group consisting of carboplatin, a taxane, pemetrexed, a PD-1 inhibitor and a PD-L1 inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein, overexpression of the HER2 protein or one or more mutations in the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating lung cancer (e.g., NSCLC or SCLC) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) one or more additional anticancer agents selected from the group consisting of carboplatin, a taxane, pemetrexed, a PD-1 inhibitor and a PD-L1 inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases). In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating lung cancer (e.g., NSCLC or SCLC) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a) a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, and b) one or more additional anticancer agents selected from the group consisting of carboplatin, a taxane, pemetrexed, a PD-1 inhibitor and a PD-L1 inhibitor, wherein the cancer comprises (i) one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and (ii) an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein, overexpression of the HER2 protein, or one or more mutations in HER2 protein.

[0298] In some variations of any of the embodiments described herein, the cancer comprises amplification of the gene encoding the HER2 protein. In some variations, the cancer comprises overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a HER2 inhibitors. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a HER2-CD3 bispecific antibody. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a HER2-immune targeting bispecific antibody. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise anti- HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) natural killer (NK) cells. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a PD-1 inhibitor. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a PD-L1 inhibitor. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a PI3K inhibitor. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a chemotherapeutic agent. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents are selected from antibody-drug conjugates. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents are selected from the group consisting of trastuzumab, trastuzumab and hyaluronidase, capecitabine, trastuzumab and capecitabine, tucatinib, lapatinib, neratinib, dacomitinib, pertuzumab, margetuximab, trastuzumab emtansine, trastuzumab deruxtecan, ZW49 (Zymeworks), A166 (Klaus Pharma), ARX788 (Ambrx), RC48-ADC (RemeGen), vic-trastuzumab duocarmazine, zanidatamab (ZW25), zenocutuzamab (MCLA-128), ISB 1302, afatanib, poziotinib, pyrotinib, mobocertinib (TAK- 788), and BDTX-189, erlotinib, osimertinib, gefitinib, cetuximab, panitumumab, necitumumab, vandetanib, afatinib, brigatinib, icotinib, niraparib, olaparib, talazoparib, rucaparib, veliparib, iniparib, pamiparib (BGB-290), CEP-9722, E7016, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, cemiplimab, JTX-4014, spartalizumab (PDR001), camrelizumab (SHR1210), sintilimab (IBI3O8), tislelizumab (BGB-A317), toripalimab (JS 001), dostarlimab (TSR-042, WBP-285), INCMGA00012 (MGA012), AMP-224, AMP-514, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, KN035, CK-301, AUNP12, CA-170, and BMS-986189. In some variations, the second therapy is radiation. In some variations, the one or more chemotherapeutic agents is selected from the group consisting of doxorubicin, docetaxel, pemetrexed, paclitaxel, carboplatin, cisplatin, capecitabine, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, temozolomide, irinotecan, oxiplatin, and eribulin. In some variations, the EGFR inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of erlotinib, osimertinib, neratinib, gefitinib, cetuximab, panitumumab, lapatinib, dacomitinib, necitumumab, vandetanib, afatinib, brigatinib, and icotinib. In some variations, the PARP inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of niraparib, olaparib, talazoparib, rucaparib, veliparib, iniparib, pamiparib (BGB-290), CEP-9722, and E7016. In some variations, the PD-1 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of pembrolizumab, nivolumab, cemiplimab, JTX-4014, spartalizumab (PDR001), camrelizumab (SHR1210), sintilimab (IB 1308), tislelizumab (BGB-A317), toripalimab (JS 001), dostarlimab (TSR-042, WBP-285), INCMGA00012 (MGA012), AMP-224, and AMP-514. In some variations, the PD-L1 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, KN035, CK-301, AUNP12, CA-170, and BMS-986189. In some variations, the PI3K inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of taselisib (GDC-0032), GDC-0077, perifosine, idelalisib, buparlisib (BKM120), duvelisib, (IPI-145), copanlisib (BAY 80-6946), PX-866, dactolisib, CUDC-907, voxtalisib (SAR245409, XL765), ME-401, IPI-549, SF1126, RP6530, INK1117, pictilisib (GDC-0941), XL147 (SAR245408), palomid 529, GSK1059615, ZSTK474, and PWT33597. In some variations, the additional anticancer agent comprises a chemotherapeutic agent. In some variations, the chemotherapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of doxorubicin, docetaxel, pemetrexed, paclitaxel, carboplatin, cisplatin, capecitabine, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, temozolomide, irinotecan, oxiplatin, and eribulin. In some variations, the additional anticancer agent comprises a PD-1 inhibitor. In some variations, the PD-1 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of pembrolizumab, nivolumab, cemiplimab, JTX-4014, spartalizumab (PDR001), camrelizumab (SHR1210), sintilimab (IB 1308), tislelizumab (BGB-A317), toripalimab (JS 001), dostarlimab (TSR-042, WBP-285), INCMGA00012 (MGA012), AMP-224, and AMP-514. In some variations, the cancer comprises one or more mutations in the HER2 protein. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise carboplatin. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a taxane. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise pemetrexed. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a PD-1 inhibitor. In some variations, the PD-1 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of pembrolizumab, nivolumab, cemiplimab, JTX-4014, spartalizumab (PDR001), camrelizumab (SHR1210), sintilimab (IBI3O8), tislelizumab (BGB-A317), toripalimab (JS 001), dostarlimab (TSR-042, WBP-285), INCMGA00012 (MGA012), AMP-224, and AMP-514. In some variations, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a PD-L1 inhibitor. In some variations, the PD-L1 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, KN035, CK-301, AUNP12, CA-170, and BMS-986189. In some variations, the cancer when tested using a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH, e.g., a silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 3, 4, 5, or 6 copies (e.g., at least 6 copies) of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample prior to administration of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some variations, the cancer when tested using a dual-probe ISH (e.g., a silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8 (e.g., at least 1.8, 2.0 or 2.2). In some variations, the cancer when tested using a dual-probe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits (a) a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8 (e.g., at least 1.8, 2.0 or 2.2) and (b) at least 3 or 4 copies (e.g., at least 3, 4, 5, or 6 copies) of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample. In some variations, the cancer when tested using an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 2+ or 3+ positivity. In some variations, the cancer when tested using (a) an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 2+ positivity, and (b) a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH) test performed on a sample from the cancer is determined to be positive. In some variations, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of metastatic brain cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. In some variations, the composition is administered to the individual in need thereof orally, parentally, intravenously, subcutaneously, or intracerebrally. In some variations, the individual has not received one or more prior therapy for treatment of the cancer prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some variations, the individual has received one or more prior therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some variations, the one or more prior therapies comprise one or more anti-HER2-based regimens. In some variations, the one or more anti-HER2-based regimens was administered to the individual in a metastatic setting. In some variations, the individual has failed the one or more prior therapies prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some variations, the method further comprises identifying the individual based upon the individual having a HER2- amplified or HER2 overexpressed cancer. In some variations, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of metastatic brain cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. In some variations, the cancer is locally advanced or metastatic. In some variations, the cancer is unresectable.

[0299] In some embodiments, there is provided use of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, for manufacture of a medicament for treatment of an individual having cancer, wherein the cancer comprises an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, there is provided a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, for use in treating a human having cancer, wherein the cancer comprises an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, the cancer is a locally advanced cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is unresectable. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases (e.g., brain metastases). In some embodiments, there is provided a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, for use in treating a human having cancer, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases. In some embodiments, there is provided use of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein, for manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer in an individual, wherein the cancer comprises one or more central nervous system (CNS) metastases. In some embodiments, the cancer further comprises an amplification of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein or overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises an amplification of the gene encoding the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises an overexpression of the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, the cancer does not comprise HER2 overexpression. In some embodiments, the cancer does not comprise amplification of the gene encoding the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, the cancer when tested using a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH, e.g., a silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 3, 4, 5, or 6 copies (e.g., at least 6 copies) of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample prior to administration of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer when tested using a dual-probe ISH (e.g., a silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8 (e.g., at least 1.8, 2.0 or 2.2). In some embodiments, the cancer when tested using a dual-probe ISH test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits (a) a ratio of the number of genes encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein to the number of centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) per interphase nucleus of at least 1.8 (e.g., at least 1.8, 2.0 or 2.2) and (b) at least 3 or 4 copies (e.g., at least 3, 4, 5, or 6 copies) of the gene encoding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein per interphase nucleus comprising the sample. In some embodiments, the cancer when tested using an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 2+ or 3+ positivity. In some embodiments, the cancer when tested using (a) an immunohistochemistry (IHC) test performed on a sample from the cancer exhibits at least 10% of cancer cells with 2+ positivity, and (b) a single-probe in situ hybridization (ISH) test performed on a sample from the cancer is determined to be positive. In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of metastatic brain cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises one or more (such as 1, 2, or 3) mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein (such as any of the mutations described herein). In some embodiments, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises one or more (such as 1, 2, or 3) mutations in the HER2 protein (such as any of the mutations described herein). In some embodiments, the cancer does not comprise one or more mutations in the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, the cancer does not comprise one or more exon 20 insertion mutations in the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, the cancer does not comprise one or more exon 20 insertion mutations in the HER2 protein, selected from p.A775_G776insYVMA, p.778insGCP, p.G780_P781dupGSP, and p.G778_S779insCPG. In some embodiments, the cancer does not comprise an exon 20 insertion mutation in the HER2 protein that is p.A775_G776insYVMA. In some embodiments, the cancer does not comprise an exon 20 insertion mutation in the HER2 protein that is p.778insGCP. In some embodiments, the cancer does not comprise an exon 20 insertion mutation in the HER2 protein that is p.G780_P781dupGSP. In some embodiments, the cancer does not comprise an exon 20 insertion mutation in the HER2 protein that is p.G778_S779insCPG. In some embodiments, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in the HER2 protein that is L775S. In some embodiments, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in the HER2 protein that is G776C. In some embodiments, the cancer does not comprise any mutation in the HER2 protein. In some embodiments, the cancer comprises a mutation in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) protein. In some embodiments, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in phosphatidylinositol-4,5- bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) protein. In some embodiments, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in phosphatidy lino sitol-4, 5 -bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) protein at histidine 1047. In some embodiments, the cancer does not comprise a mutation in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) protein selected from H1047L and H1047R. In some embodiments, the individual has not received one or more prior therapy for treatment of the cancer prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the individual has received one or more prior therapies for treatment of the cancer before administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the one or more prior therapies comprise one or more anti-HER2 -based regimens (e.g., in a metastatic setting). In some embodiments, the individual has failed the one or more prior therapies prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the composition is administered to the individual in need thereof orally, parentally, intravenously, subcutaneously, or intracerebrally. In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering to the individual in need thereof one or more additional anticancer agents (such as any of the anticancer agents described herein). In some embodiments, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprises one or more agents selected from HER2 inhibitors, HER2-CD3 bispecific antibodies, HER2- immune targeting bispecific antibodies, anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) natural killer (NK) cells, anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, PD-1 inhibitors, PD-L1 inhibitors, Phosphoinositide 3 -kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, and chemotherapeutic agents. In some embodiments, the one or more additional anticancer agents are selected from antibodydrug conjugates (e.g., trastuzumab emtansine or trastuzumab deruxtecan). In some embodiments, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise trastuzumab and capecitabine. In some embodiments, the medicament is used in combination with radiation. In some embodiments, the method further comprises identifying the individual based upon the individual having a HER2-amplified or HER2 overexpressed cancer. In some embodiments, the individual is a human.

[0300] In some embodiments, the individual has received one or more (such as 1, 2, or 3) prior therapy for treatment of the cancer prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the individual has failed the one or more (such as 1, 2, or 3) prior therapies prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein.

[0301] In some embodiments, the one or more prior therapies exhibit inhibitory activity against cancer comprising a T790M mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein. In some embodiments, the one or more prior therapies exhibiting inhibitory activity against cancer comprising a T790M mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein comprises osimertinib.

[0302] In some embodiments, the individual has been administered osimertinib prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. In some embodiments, the administration of osimertinib has been completed for at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 months at the time when the individual is administered a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein. [0303] In some embodiments, the one or more prior therapies comprise one or more standard therapies for the cancer.

[0304] In some embodiments, the individual has not received one or more (such as 1, 2, or 3) prior therapy for treatment of the cancer prior to administration to the individual of a salt of Compound I as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein.

[0305] In some embodiments, the individual is a mammal. In some embodiments, the individual is a human.

Second agent or second therapy

[0306] In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering to the individual in need thereof one or more additional anticancer agents or a second therapy.

[0307] In some embodiments, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprises one or more agents selected from the group consisting of HER2 inhibitors, HER2-CD3 bispecific antibodies, HER2-immune targeting bispecific antibodies, anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cytotoxic T- lymphocytes (CTLs), anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) natural killer (NK) cells, anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, PD-1 inhibitors, PD-L1 inhibitors, CTLA-4 inhibitors, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, and chemotherapeutic agents.

[0308] Exemplary HER2 inhibitors include, but are not limited to, trastuzumab, trastuzumab and hyaluronidase, trastuzumab and capecitabine, tucatinib, lapatinib, neratinib, dacomitinib, pertuzumab, margetuximab, trastuzumab emtansine, trastuzumab deruxtecan, ZW49 (Zymeworks), A166 (Klaus Pharma), ARX788 (Ambrx), RC48-ADC (RemeGen), vic-trastuzumab duocarmazine, zanidatamab (ZW25), zenocutuzamab (MCLA-128), ISB 1302, afatanib, poziotinib, pyrotinib, mobocertinib (TAK-788), and BDTX-189.

[0309] Exemplary EGFR inhibitors include, but are not limited to, erlotinib, osimertinib, neratinib, gefitinib, cetuximab, panitumumab, lapatinib, dacomitinib, necitumumab, vandetanib, afatinib, brigatinib, and icotinib.

[0310] Exemplary PARP inhibitors include, but are not limited to, niraparib, olaparib, talazoparib, rucaparib, veliparib, iniparib, pamiparib (BGB-290), CEP-9722, and E7016. [0311] Exemplary PD-1 inhibitors include, but are not limited to, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, cemiplimab, JTX-4014, spartalizumab (PDR001), camrelizumab (SHR1210), sintilimab (IBI3O8), tislelizumab (BGB-A317), toripalimab (JS 001), dostarlimab (TSR-042, WBP-285), INCMGA00012 (MGA012), AMP-224, and AMP-514.

[0312] Exemplary PD-L1 inhibitors include, but are not limited to, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, KN035, CK-301, AUNP12, CA-170, and BMS-986189.

[0313] Exemplary CTLA-4 inhibitors include ipilimumab and tremelimumab.

[0314] In some embodiments, the one or more additional cancer agents are selected from the group consisting of bevacizumab, trastuzumab, trastuzumab and hyaluronidase, capecitabine, trastuzumab and capecitabine, tucatinib, lapatinib, neratinib, dacomitinib, pertuzumab, margetuximab, trastuzumab emtansine, trastuzumab deruxtecan, ZW49 (Zymeworks), A166 (Klaus Pharma), ARX788 (Ambrx), RC48-ADC (RemeGen), victrastuzumab duocarmazine, zanidatamab (ZW25), zenocutuzamab (MCLA-128), ISB 1302, afatanib, poziotinib, pyrotinib, mobocertinib (TAK-788), and BDTX-189, erlotinib, osimertinib, gefitinib, cetuximab, panitumumab, necitumumab, vandetanib, afatinib, brigatinib, icotinib, niraparib, olaparib, talazoparib, rucaparib, veliparib, iniparib, pamiparib (BGB-290), CEP-9722, E7016, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, cemiplimab, JTX-4014, spartalizumab (PDR001), camrelizumab (SHR1210), sintilimab (IB 1308), tislelizumab (BGB- A317), toripalimab (JS 001), dostarlimab (TSR-042, WBP-285), INCMGA00012 (MGA012), AMP-224, AMP-514, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, KN035, CK-301, AUNP12, CA-170, and BMS-986189.

[0315] In some embodiments, the one or more additional cancer agents are selected from antibody-drug conjugates. In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugates are selected from the group consisting of trastuzumab emtansine and trastuzumab deruxtecan.

[0316] In some embodiments, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprises one or more chemotherapeutic agents. In some embodiments, the one or more chemotherapeutic agents is selected from the group consisting of doxorubicin, docetaxel, pemetrexed, paclitaxel, carboplatin, cisplatin, capecitabine, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, temozolomide, irinotecan, oxiplatin, and eribulin.

[0317] In some embodiments, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise trastuzumab and capecitabine. [0318] In some embodiments, the one or more additional anticancer agents comprise a PI3K inhibitor. Exemplary PI3K inhibitors include, but are not limited to, taselisib (GDC- 0032), GDC-0077, perifosine, idelalisib, buparlisib (BKM120), duvelisib, (IPI-145), copanlisib (BAY 80-6946), PX-866, dactolisib, CUDC-907, voxtalisib (SAR245409, XL765), ME-401, IPI-549, SF1126, RP6530, INK1117, pictilisib (GDC-0941), XL147 (SAR245408), palomid 529, GSK1059615, ZSTK474, and PWT33597.

[0319] In some embodiments, the one or more additional cancer agents are selected from the group consisting of erlotinib, gefitinib, afatanib, bevacizumab, trastuzumab, trastuzumab and hyaluronidase, capecitabine, trastuzumab and capecitabine, tucatinib, lapatinib, neratinib, dacomitinib, pertuzumab, margetuximab, trastuzumab emtansine, trastuzumab deruxtecan, ZW49 (Zymeworks), A166 (Klaus Pharma), ARX788 (Ambrx), RC48-ADC (RemeGen), vic-trastuzumab duocarmazine, zanidatamab (ZW25), zenocutuzamab (MCLA-128), ISB 1302, , poziotinib, pyrotinib, mobocertinib (TAK-788), and BDTX-189, osimertinib, cetuximab, panitumumab, necitumumab, vandetanib, brigatinib, icotinib, niraparib, olaparib, talazoparib, rucaparib, veliparib, iniparib, pamiparib (BGB-290), CEP-9722, E7016, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, cemiplimab, JTX-4014, spartalizumab (PDR001), camrelizumab (SHR1210), sintilimab (IB 1308), tislelizumab (BGB-A317), toripalimab (JS 001), dostarlimab (TSR-042, WB P-285), INCMGA00012 (MGA012), AMP-224, AMP-514, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, KN035, CK-301, AUNP12, CA-170, and BMS- 986189.

[0320] In some embodiments, the one or additional cancer agents are selected from the group consisting of osimertinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, and afatinib.

[0321] In some embodiments, the one or additional cancer agents comprise osimertinib.

[0322] In some embodiments, the one or additional cancer agents comprise erlotinib.

[0323] In some embodiments, the one or additional cancer agents comprise gefitinib.

[0324] In some embodiments, the one or additional cancer agents comprise afatinib.

[0325] In some embodiments, the method further comprises treating the individual in need thereof with radiation.

Dosing and method of administration

[0326] A salt of Compound I as described herein administered to an individual (e.g., a human) may vary with the particular composition, the method of administration, and the particular cancer being treated. The amount should be sufficient to produce a desirable response, such as a therapeutic response against the cancer. In some embodiments, the amount of a salt of Compound I as described herein is below the level that induces a toxicological effect (e.g., an effect above a clinically acceptable level of toxicity) or is at a level where a potential side effect can be controlled or tolerated when a salt of Compound I as described herein is administered to the individual.

[0327] In some embodiments, a salt of Compound I as described herein is administered to a subject systemically. In some embodiments, a salt of Compound I as described herein is administered to a subject parenterally. In some embodiments, a salt of Compound I as described herein is administered to a subject topically (z.e., locally). In some embodiments, a salt of Compound I as described herein is administered to a subject orally, intravenously, intraarterially, intraperitoneally, intravesicularly, subcutaneously, intrathecally, intrapulmonarily, intramuscularly, intratracheally, intracerebrally, intraocularly, transdermally, or by inhalation. In some embodiments, a salt of Compound I as described herein is administered to a subject orally. In some embodiments, a salt of Compound I as described herein is administered to a subject orally, while one or more additional agents may be administered to the subject by other routes, including intravenously, intraarterially, intraperitoneally, intravesicularly, subcutaneously, intrathecally, intrapulmonarily, intramuscularly, intratracheally, intracerebrally, intraocularly, transdermally, or by inhalation. For example, in some embodiments, a salt of Compound I as described herein is administered to a subject orally, while one or more additional agents are administered to the subject intravenously. In some embodiments, a salt of Compound I as described herein is orally administered to the individual. In some embodiments, a salt of Compound I as described herein is parenterally administered to the individual. In some embodiments, a salt of Compound I as described herein is intravenously administered to the individual. In some embodiments, a salt of Compound I as described herein is subcutaneously administered to the individual. In some embodiments a salt of Compound I as described herein is intracerebrally administered to the individual.

[0328] In some embodiments, a salt of Compound I as described herein and a second agent or therapy are administered simultaneously to the individual. In some embodiments, a salt of Compound I as described herein and a second agent or therapy are administered concurrently to the individual. In some embodiments, a salt of Compound I as described herein and a second agent or therapy are administered sequentially to the individual. [0329] In some embodiments, a dosage of from about 1 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg of a salt of Compound I as described herein is administered into an individual, such as a human (e.g., from about 1 mg/kg to about 75 mg/kg, from about 2 mg/kg to about 75 mg/kg, from about 3 mg/kg to about 75 mg/kg, from about 4 mg/kg to about 75 mg/kg, from about 5 mg/kg to about 75 mg/kg, from about 1 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg, from about 2 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg, from about 3 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg, from about 4 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg, from about 5 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg, from about 1 mg/kg to about 40 mg/kg, from about 2 mg/kg to about 40 mg/kg, from about 3 mg/kg to about 40 mg/kg, from about 4 mg/kg to about 40 mg/kg, from about 5 mg/kg to about 40 mg/kg, from about 1 mg/kg to about 30 mg/kg, from about 2 mg/kg to about 30 mg/kg, from about 3 mg/kg to about 30 mg/kg, from about 4 mg/kg to about 30 mg/kg, from about 5 mg/kg to about 30 mg/kg, from about 6 mg/kg to about 80 mg/kg, from about 10 mg/kg to about 80 mg/kg, from about 15 mg/kg to about 80 mg/kg, from about 20 mg/kg to about 80 mg/kg, from about 25 mg/kg to about 80 mg/kg, from about 30 mg/kg to about 80 mg/kg, from about 35 mg/kg to about 80 mg/kg, from about 40 mg/kg to about 80 mg/kg, from about 45 mg/kg to about 80 mg/kg, or from about 50 mg/kg to about 80 mg/kg). In some embodiments, a salt of Compound I as described herein is administered to an individual (e.g., human) once or twice daily, optionally orally or parentally. For oral administration, an exemplary daily dose of a salt of Compound I as described herein will be from about 0.001 to about 1000 mg/kg of body weight, with courses of treatment repeated at appropriate intervals.

[0330] Furthermore, a salt of Compound I as described herein may be administered according to the methods disclosed herein in an amount of about 10 mg to about 2000 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 1500 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 1000 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 750 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 500 mg, or from about 25 mg to about 500 mg, or from about 50 to about 500 mg, or from about 100 mg to about 500 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 750 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 700 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 650 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 600mg, or from about 10 mg to about 575 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 550 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 500 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 450 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 400 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 350 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 300 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 275 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 250 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 200 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 150 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 100 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 75 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 50 mg, or from about 10 mg to about 25 mg. [0331] Furthermore, a salt of Compound I as described herein may be administered according to the methods disclosed herein once per day (QD). Compound I may be administered as a salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I, of about 6 mg QD, about 12 mg QD, about 20 mg QD, about 30 mg QD, about 45 mg QD, about 60 mg QD, about 75 mg QD, about 90 mg QD, or about 105 mg QD. In one embodiment, Compound I may be administered as a salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I of about 6 mg QD. In another embodiment, Compound I may be administered as a salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I of about 12 mg QD. In another embodiment, Compound I may be administered as a salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I of about 20 mg QD. In another embodiment, Compound I may be administered as a salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I of about 30 mg QD. In another embodiment, Compound I may be administered as a salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I of about 45 mg QD. In another embodiment, Compound I may be administered as a salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I of about 60 mg QD. In another embodiment, Compound I may be administered as a salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I of about 75 mg QD. In another embodiment, Compound I may be administered as a salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I of about 90 mg QD. In another embodiment, Compound I may be administered as a salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I of about 105 mg QD.

[0332] In another embodiment, Compound I may be administered as a salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I of about 110 mg QD, or about 115 mg QD, or about 120 mg QD, or about 125 mg QD, or about 130 mg QD, or about 135 mg QD, or about 140 mg QD, or about 145 mg QD, or about 150 mg QD, or about 155 mg QD, or about 160 mg QD, or about 165 mg QD, or about 170 mg QD, or about 180 mg QD, or about 190 mg QD, or about 200 mg QD. In some embodiments, Compound I as administered in the form of a malonate salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I of about 110 mg QD, or about 115 mg QD, or about 120 mg QD, or about 125 mg QD, or about 130 mg QD, or about 135 mg QD, or about 140 mg QD, or about 145 mg QD, or about 150 mg QD, or about 155 mg QD, or about 160 mg QD, or about 165 mg QD, or about 170 mg QD, or about 180 mg QD, or about 190 mg QD, or about 200 mg QD. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is administered in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable composition. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt.

In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt.

[0333] In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt of Compound I or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a total daily dose of Compound I selected from (a) more than 10 mg and less than about 45 mg, (b) more than about 45 mg but less than about 200 mg, (c) from about 45 mg to about 60 mg, (d) from about 45 mg to about 90 mg, (e) from about 45 mg to about 120 mg, (f) about 45 mg, (g) about 60 mg, (h) about 75 mg, (i) about 80 mg, (j) about 90 mg, (k) about 100 mg, (1) about 120 mg, (m) about 150 mg, (n) about 175 mg, (o) about 200 mg, and (p) greater than about 120 mg but less than about 200 mg. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0334] In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt of Compound I in an amount that provides a total daily dose of Compound I selected from (a) more than 10 mg and less than about 45 mg, (b) greater than about 45 mg but less than about 200 mg, (c) from about 45 mg to about 60 mg, (d) from about 45 mg to about 90 mg, (e) from about 45 mg to about 120 mg, (f) about 45 mg, (g) about 60 mg, (h) about 75 mg, (i) about 80 mg, (j) about 90 mg, (k) about 100 mg, (1) about 120 mg, (m) about 150 mg, (n) about 175 mg, (o) about 200 mg, and (p) greater than about 120 mg but less than about 200 mg. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt in an amount that provides a total daily dose of Compound I of greater than about 45 mg but less than about 200 mg. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt in an amount that provides a total daily dose of Compound I of greater than about 45 mg but less than about 175 mg. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt in an amount that provides a total daily dose of Compound I of greater than about 45 mg but less than about 150 mg. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt in an amount that provides a total daily dose of Compound I of greater than about 45 mg but less than about 140 mg. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt in an amount that provides a total daily dose of Compound I of greater than about 45 mg but less than about 130 mg. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt in an amount that provides a total daily dose of Compound I of greater than about 45 mg but less than about 120 mg. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt in an amount that provides a total daily dose of Compound I of greater than about 45 mg but less than about 110 mg. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt in an amount that provides a total daily dose of Compound I of greater than about 45 mg but less than about 100 mg. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt in an amount that provides a total daily dose of Compound I of greater than about 45 mg but less than about 95 mg. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt in an amount that provides a total daily dose of Compound I of greater than about 45 mg but less than about 90 mg. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt in an amount that provides a total daily dose of Compound I of greater than about 45 mg but less than about 85 mg. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt in an amount that provides a total daily dose of Compound I of greater than about 45 mg but less than about 80 mg. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt in an amount that provides a total daily dose of Compound I of greater than about 45 mg but less than about 75 mg.

[0335] In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt of Compound I or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides an amount of Compound I of about 30 mg BID, about 40 mg BID, about 45 mg QD, about 50 mg BID, about 60 mg QD, about 75 mg QD, about 90 mg QD, or about 120 mg QD. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is about 30 mg BID. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is about 40 mg BID. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is about 45 mg QD. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is about 50 mg BID. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is about 60 mg QD. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is about 75 mg QD. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is about 80 mg. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is about 85 mg. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is about 90 mg QD. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is 100 mg. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is 110 mg. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that about 120 mg QD. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is about 125 mg. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is about 130 mg. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is about 135 mg. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is about 140 mg. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is about 145 mg. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is about 150 mg. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is about 160 mg. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is 170 mg. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is about 180 mg. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is 190 mg. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the malonate salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that is about 200 mg.

[0336] In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a mean unbound concentration of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.1 nM for at least 8 hours following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a mean unbound concentration of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM, or 0.25 nM, or 0.3 nM, or 0.35 nM, or 0.4 nM, or 0.45 nM, or 0.5 nM, or 0.55 nM, or 0.6 nM, or 0.65 nM, or 0.7 nM, 0.8 nM, or 0.9 nM, or 1 nM, or 1.25 nM, or 1.5 nM, or 1.75 nM, or 2 nM for at least 8 hours following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt.

[0337] In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt of Compound I or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a mean unbound concentration of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.1 nM for at least 12 hours following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a mean unbound concentration of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM, or 0.25 nM, or 0.3 nM, or 0.35 nM, or 0.4 nM, or 0.45 nM, or 0.5 nM, or 0.55 nM, or 0.6 nM, or 0.65 nM, or 0.7 nM, 0.8 nM, or 0.9 nM, or 1 nM, or 1.25 nM, or 1.5 nM, or 1.75 nM, or 2 nM for at least 12 hours following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0338] In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt of Compound I or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a mean unbound concentration of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.1 nM for at least 16 hours following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a mean unbound concentration of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM, or 0.25 nM, or 0.3 nM, or 0.35 nM, or 0.4 nM, or 0.45 nM, or 0.5 nM, or 0.55 nM, or 0.6 nM, or 0.65 nM, or 0.7 nM, 0.8 nM, or 0.9 nM, or 1 nM, or 1.25 nM, or 1.5 nM, or 1.75 nM, or 2 nM for at least 16 hours following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0339] In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt of Compound I or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a mean unbound concentration of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.1 nM for at least 20 hours following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a mean unbound concentration of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM, or 0.25 nM, or 0.3 nM, or 0.35 nM, or 0.4 nM, or 0.45 nM, or 0.5 nM, or 0.55 nM, or 0.6 nM, or 0.65 nM, or 0.7 nM, 0.8 nM, or 0.9 nM, or 1 nM, or 1.25 nM, or 1.5 nM, or 1.75 nM, or 2 nM for at least 20 hours following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0340] In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt of Compound I or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a mean unbound concentration of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.1 nM for at least 24 hours following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a mean unbound concentration of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM, or 0.25 nM, or 0.3 nM, or 0.35 nM, or 0.4 nM, or 0.45 nM, or 0.5 nM, or 0.55 nM, or 0.6 nM, or 0.65 nM, or 0.7 nM, 0.8 nM, or 0.9 nM, or 1 nM, or 1.25 nM, or 1.5 nM, or 1.75 nM, or 2 nM for at least 24 hours following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0341] In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt of Compound I or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a Cmax of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a Cmax of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.25 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.3 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.35 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.4 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.45 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.55 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.6 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.65 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.7 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.75 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.8 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.85 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.9 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.95 nM, or greater than or equal to 1 nM, or greater than or equal to 1.25 nM, or greater than or equal to 1.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 1.75 nM, or greater than or equal to 2 nM, or greater than or equal to 2.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 3 nM, or greater than or equal to 3.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 4 nM, or greater than or equal to 4.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 5 nM, or greater than or equal to 5.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 6 nM, or greater than or equal to 6.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 7 nM, or greater than or equal to 7.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 8 nM, or greater than or equal to 8.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 9 nM, or greater than or equal to 9.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 10 nM following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0342] In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt of Compound I or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a Cmax of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 10 nM following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a Cmax of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 9 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 8.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 8 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 7.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 7 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 6.5 nM , or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 6 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 5.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 4.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 4 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 3.5 nM, greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 3 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 2.75 nM following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0343] In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt of Compound I or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides in the plasma of the individual following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition (a) a Cmax of Compound I that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 10 nM, and (b) a mean unbound concentration of Compound I that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 10 nM for at least 8 hours. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a Cmax of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 9 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 8.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 8 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 7.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 7 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 6.5 nM , or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 6 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 5.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 4.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 4 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 3.5 nM, greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 3 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 2.75 nM following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a mean unbound concentration of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM, or 0.25 nM, or 0.3 nM, or 0.35 nM, or 0.4 nM, or 0.45 nM, or 0.5 nM, or 0.55 nM, or 0.6 nM, or 0.65 nM, or 0.7 nM, 0.8 nM, or 0.9 nM, or 1 nM, or 1.25 nM, or 1.5 nM, or 1.75 nM, or 2 nM for at least 8 hours following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0344] In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt of Compound I or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides in the plasma of the individual following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition (a) a Cmax of Compound I that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 10 nM, and (b) a mean unbound concentration of Compound I that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 10 nM for at least 12 hours. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a Cmax of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 9 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 8.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 8 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 7.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 7 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 6.5 nM , or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 6 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 5.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 4.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 4 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 3.5 nM, greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 3 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 2.75 nM following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a mean unbound concentration of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM, or 0.25 nM, or 0.3 nM, or 0.35 nM, or 0.4 nM, or 0.45 nM, or 0.5 nM, or 0.55 nM, or 0.6 nM, or 0.65 nM, or 0.7 nM, 0.8 nM, or 0.9 nM, or 1 nM, or 1.25 nM, or 1.5 nM, or 1.75 nM, or 2 nM for at least 12 hours following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0345] In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt of Compound I or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides in the plasma of the individual following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition (a) a Cmax of Compound I that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 10 nM, and (b) a mean unbound concentration of Compound I that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 10 nM for at least 16 hours. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a Cmax of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 9 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 8.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 8 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 7.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 7 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 6.5 nM , or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 6 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 5.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 4.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 4 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 3.5 nM, greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 3 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 2.75 nM following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a mean unbound concentration of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM, or 0.25 nM, or 0.3 nM, or 0.35 nM, or 0.4 nM, or 0.45 nM, or 0.5 nM, or 0.55 nM, or 0.6 nM, or 0.65 nM, or 0.7 nM, 0.8 nM, or 0.9 nM, or 1 nM, or 1.25 nM, or 1.5 nM, or 1.75 nM, or 2 nM for at least 16 hours following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0346] In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt of Compound I or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides in the plasma of the individual following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition (a) a Cmax of Compound I that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 10 nM, and (b) a mean unbound concentration of Compound I that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 10 nM for at least 20 hours. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a Cmax of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 9 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 8.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 8 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 7.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 7 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 6.5 nM , or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 6 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 5.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 4.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 4 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 3.5 nM, greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 3 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 2.75 nM following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a mean unbound concentration of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM, or 0.25 nM, or 0.3 nM, or 0.35 nM, or 0.4 nM, or 0.45 nM, or 0.5 nM, or 0.55 nM, or 0.6 nM, or 0.65 nM, or 0.7 nM, 0.8 nM, or 0.9 nM, or 1 nM, or 1.25 nM, or 1.5 nM, or 1.75 nM, or 2 nM for at least 20 hours following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0347] In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt of Compound I or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides in the plasma of the individual following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition (a) a Cmax of Compound I that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 10 nM, and (b) a mean unbound concentration of Compound I that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 10 nM for at least 24 hours. In another embodiment, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a Cmax of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 9 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 8.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 8 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 7.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 7 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 6.5 nM , or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 6 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 5.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 4.5 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 4 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 3.5 nM, greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 3 nM, or greater than or equal to 0.2 nM and less than or equal to 2.75 nM following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the individual in need thereof is administered the salt or the pharmaceutical composition in an amount that provides a mean unbound concentration of Compound I in the plasma of the individual that is greater than or equal to 0.2 nM, or 0.25 nM, or 0.3 nM, or 0.35 nM, or 0.4 nM, or 0.45 nM, or 0.5 nM, or 0.55 nM, or 0.6 nM, or 0.65 nM, or 0.7 nM, 0.8 nM, or 0.9 nM, or 1 nM, or 1.25 nM, or 1.5 nM, or 1.75 nM, or 2 nM for at least 24 hours following the administration to the individual of the salt or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the malonate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the malonate salt of Compound I. In some embodiments, the salt of Compound I is the glycolate salt. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the glycolate salt of Compound I.

[0348] Furthermore, a salt of Compound I as described herein may be administered according to the methods disclosed herein twice per day (BID). Compound I may be administered as a salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I, of about 3 mg BID, about 6 mg BID, about 10 mg BID, about 15 mg BID, about 20 mg BID, about 25 mg BID, about 30 mg BID, about 45 mg BID, or about 50 mg BID. In one embodiment, Compound I may be administered as a salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I of about 3 mg BID. In another embodiment, Compound I may be administered as a salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I of about 6 mg BID. In another embodiment, Compound I may be administered as a salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I of about 10 mg BID. In another embodiment, Compound I may be administered as a salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I of about 15 mg BID. In another embodiment, Compound I may be administered as a salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I of about 20 mg BID. In another embodiment, Compound I may be administered as a salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I of about 25 mg BID. In another embodiment, Compound I may be administered as a salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I of about 30 mg BID. In another embodiment, Compound I may be administered as a salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I of about 45 mg BID. In another embodiment, Compound I may be administered as a salt in an amount that provides an amount of the free base of Compound I of about 50 mg BID.

[0349] Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that with respect to a salt of Compound I as described herein the particular pharmaceutical formulation, the dosage, and the number of doses given per day to an individual requiring such treatment, are all choices within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art and can be determined without undue experimentation.

[0350] Dosages of compositions described herein can be determined by any suitable method. Maximum tolerated doses (MTD) and maximum response doses (MRD) of a salt of Compound I as described herein can be determined via established animal and human experimental protocols as well as in the examples described herein. For example, toxicity and

I l l therapeutic efficacy of a salt of Compound I as described herein can be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals, including, but not limited to, for determining the LD50 (the dose lethal to 50% of the population) and the ED50 (the dose therapeutically effective in 50% of the population). The dose ratio between the toxic and therapeutic effects is the therapeutic index and it can be expressed as the molar ratio between LD50 and ED50. The data obtained from cell culture assays and animal studies can be used in formulating a range of dosage for use in human. The dosage of such salts of Compound I as described herein lies preferably within a range of circulating concentrations that include the ED50 with minimal toxicity. The dosage may vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed and the route of administration utilized.

Additional relative dosages, represented as a percent of maximal response or of maximum tolerated dose, are readily obtained via the protocols.

[0351] In some embodiments, the amount of a salt of Compound I as described herein comprising a formulation that corresponds to such an amount varies depending upon factors such as the particular salt or form, disease condition and its severity, the identity (e.g., age, weight, sex) of the subject or host in need of treatment, but can nevertheless be determined according to the particular circumstances surrounding the case, including, e.g., the specific agent being administered, the liquid formulation type, the condition being treated, and the subject or host being treated.

[0352] The length of a treatment cycle depends on the treatment being given. In some embodiments, the length of a treatment cycle ranges from two to six weeks. In some embodiments, the length of a treatment cycle ranges from three to six weeks. In some embodiments, the length of a treatment cycle ranges from three to four weeks. In some embodiments, the length of a treatment cycle is three weeks (or 21 days). In some embodiments, the length of a treatment cycle is four weeks (28 days). In some embodiments, the length of a treatment cycle is 56 days. In some embodiments, a treatment cycle lasts one, two, three, or four weeks. In some embodiments, a treatment cycle lasts three weeks. In some embodiments, a treatment cycle lasts four weeks. The number of treatment doses scheduled within each cycle also varies depending on the drugs being given.

[0353] In one aspect, compositions comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein are used for the treatment of cancer in a subject. In one embodiment, such compositions are in the form of suitable dosage forms. Suitable dosage forms include, for example, liquids, suspensions, powders for reconstitution, tablets, pills, sachets, or capsules of hard or soft gelatin (See, e.g., Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (Gennaro, 21st Ed. Mack Pub. Co., Easton, PA (2005)).

[0354] A salt of Compound I as described herein may be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions as described below in any pharmaceutical form recognizable to the skilled artisan as being suitable. Pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure comprise a therapeutically effective amount of at least one salt of Compound I of the present disclosure and an inert, pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.

[0355] The pharmaceutical carriers employed may be either solid or liquid. Exemplary solid carriers are lactose, sucrose, talc, gelatin, agar, pectin, acacia, magnesium stearate, stearic acid and the like. Exemplary liquid carriers are syrup, peanut oil, olive oil, water and the like. Similarly, the inventive compositions may include time-delay or time-release material known in the art, such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate alone or with a wax, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylmethacrylate or the like. Further additives or excipients may be added to achieve the desired formulation properties. For example, a bioavailability enhancer, such as Labrasol, Gelucire or the like, or formulator, such as CMC (carboxy-methylcellulose), PG (propyleneglycol), or PEG (polyethyleneglycol), may be added. Gelucir., a semi-solid vehicle that protects active ingredients from light, moisture and oxidation, may be added, e.g., when preparing a capsule formulation.

[0356] If a solid carrier is used, the preparation can be tableted, placed in a hard gelatin capsule in powder or pellet form, or formed into a troche or lozenge. The amount of solid carrier may vary, but generally will be from about 25 mg to about 1 g. If a liquid carrier is used, the preparation may be in the form of syrup, emulsion, soft gelatin capsule, sterile injectable solution or suspension in an ampoule or vial or non-aqueous liquid suspension. If a semi-solid carrier is used, the preparation may be in the form of hard and soft gelatin capsule formulations. The inventive compositions are prepared in unit-dosage form appropriate for the mode of administration, e.g. parenteral or oral administration.

[0357] To obtain a stable water-soluble dose form, a salt of Compound I as described herein may be dissolved in an aqueous solution of an organic or inorganic acid, such as a 0.3 M solution of succinic acid or citric acid. If a soluble salt form is not available, the agent may be dissolved in a suitable co- solvent or combinations of co- solvents. Examples of suitable co- solvents include alcohol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 300, polysorbate 80, glycerin and the like in concentrations ranging from 0 to 60% of the total volume. In an exemplary embodiment, a salt of Compound I as described herein is dissolved in DMSO and diluted with water. The composition may also be in the form of a solution of the salt form of the active ingredient in an appropriate aqueous vehicle such as water or isotonic saline or dextrose solution.

[0358] Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration selected. For injection, the agents of the salt of Compound I of the present disclosure may be formulated into aqueous solutions, preferably in physiologically compatible buffers such as Hanks solution, Ringer's solution, or physiological saline buffer. For transmucosal administration, penetrants appropriate to the barrier to be permeated are used in the formulation. Such penetrants are generally known in the art.

[0359] For oral administration, the salts of Compound I as described herein can be formulated by combining the active compounds with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers known in the art. Such carriers enable the compounds of the disclosure to be formulated as tablets, pills, dragees, capsules, liquids, gels, syrups, slurries, suspensions and the like, for oral ingestion by a subject to be treated. Pharmaceutical preparations for oral use can be obtained using a solid excipient in admixture with the active ingredient (agent), optionally grinding the resulting mixture, and processing the mixture of granules after adding suitable auxiliaries, if desired, to obtain tablets or dragee cores. Suitable excipients include: fillers such as sugars, including lactose, sucrose, mannitol, or sorbitol; and cellulose preparations, for example, maize starch, wheat starch, rice starch, potato starch, gelatin, gum, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). If desired, disintegrating agents may be added, such as crosslinked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, agar, or alginic acid or a salt thereof such as sodium alginate.

[0360] Dragee cores are provided with suitable coatings. For this purpose, concentrated sugar solutions may be used, which may optionally contain gum arabic, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, Carbopol gel, polyethylene glycol, and/or titanium dioxide, lacquer solutions, and suitable organic solvents or solvent mixtures. Dyestuffs or pigments may be added to the tablets or dragee coatings for identification or to characterize different combinations of active ingredient. [0361] Pharmaceutical preparations that can be used orally include push-fit capsules made of gelatin, as well as soft, sealed capsules made of gelatin and a plasticizer, such as glycerol or sorbitol. The push-fit capsules can contain the active ingredients in admixture with fillers such as lactose, binders such as starches, and/or lubricants such as talc or magnesium stearate, and, optionally, stabilizers. In soft capsules, the active ingredients may be dissolved or suspended in suitable liquids, such as fatty oils, liquid paraffin, or liquid polyethylene glycols. In addition, stabilizers may be added. All formulations for oral administration should be in dosages suitable for such administration. For buccal administration, the compositions may take the form of tablets or lozenges formulated in conventional manner.

[0362] For administration intranasally or by inhalation, the salts of Compound I for use according to the present disclosure may be conveniently delivered in the form of an aerosol spray presentation from pressurized packs or a nebuliser, with the use of a suitable propellant, e.g., dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas. In the case of a pressurized aerosol the dosage unit may be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount. Capsules and cartridges of gelatin for use in an inhaler or insufflator and the like may be formulated containing a powder mix of the salt of Compound I as described herein and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch.

[0363] The salts of Compound I as described herein may be formulated for parenteral administration by injection, e.g., by bolus injection or continuous infusion. Formulations for injection may be presented in unit-dosage form, e.g., in ampoules or in multi-dose containers, with an added preservative. The compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents.

[0364] Pharmaceutical formulations for parenteral administration include aqueous solutions of the active compounds in water-soluble form. Additionally, suspensions of the active ingredients may be prepared as appropriate oily injection suspensions. Suitable lipophilic solvents or vehicles include fatty oils such as sesame oil, or synthetic fatty acid esters, such as ethyl oleate or triglycerides, or liposomes. Aqueous injection suspensions may contain substances that increase the viscosity of the suspension, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sorbitol, or dextran. Optionally, the suspension may also contain suitable stabilizers or agents that increase the solubility of the salts of Compound I as described herein to allow for the preparation of highly concentrated solutions.

[0365] Alternatively, the active ingredient may be in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g. sterile pyrogen-free water, before use.

[0366] In addition to the formulations described above, the salts of Compound I of the present disclosure may also be formulated as a depot preparation. Such long-acting formulations may be administered by implantation (for example, subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection. Thus, for example, the salt of Compound I as described herein may be formulated with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (for example, as an emulsion in an acceptable oil) or ion-exchange resins, or as sparingly soluble derivatives, for example, as a sparingly soluble salt. A pharmaceutical carrier for hydrophobic compounds is a co-solvent system comprising benzyl alcohol, a non-polar surfactant, a water-miscible organic polymer, and an aqueous phase. The co-solvent system may be a VPD co-solvent system. VPD is a solution of 3% w/v benzyl alcohol, 8% w/v of the non-polar surfactant polysorbate 80, and 65% w/v polyethylene glycol 300, made up to volume in absolute ethanol. The VPD co-solvent system (VPD: 5W) contains VPD diluted 1: 1 with a 5% dextrose in water solution. This co-solvent system dissolves hydrophobic compounds well, and itself produces low toxicity upon systemic administration. The proportions of a co-solvent system may be suitably varied without destroying its solubility and toxicity characteristics. Furthermore, the identity of the co-solvent components may be varied: for example, other low-toxicity non-polar surfactants may be used instead of polysorbate 80; the fraction size of polyethylene glycol may be varied; other biocompatible polymers may replace polyethylene glycol, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone; and other sugars or polysaccharides may be substituted for dextrose.

[0367] The pharmaceutical compositions also may comprise suitable solid- or gel-phase carriers or excipients. These carriers and excipients may provide marked improvement in the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Examples of such carriers or excipients include calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, sugars, starches, cellulose derivatives, gelatin, and polymers such as polyethylene glycols. Furthermore, additives or excipients such as Gelucire, Capryol, Labrafil, Labrasol, Lauroglycol, Plurol, Peceol, Transcutol, and the like may be used. [0368] Further, the pharmaceutical composition may be incorporated into a skin patch for delivery of the drug directly onto the skin.

[0369] Additionally, the pharmaceutically acceptable formulations to be used according to the methods disclosed herein may comprise a salt of Compound I as described herein in an amount from about 0.5 w/w % to about 95 w/w %, or from about 1 w/w % to about 95 w/w %, or from about 1 w/w % to about 75 w/w %, or from about 5 w/w % to about 75 w/w %, or from about 10 w/w % to about 75 w/w %, or from about 10 w/w % to about 50 w/w %.

Articles of manufacture and kits

[0370] The kit or article of manufacture can comprise a container and a label or package insert on or associated with the container. Suitable containers include, for example, bottles, vials, syringes, etc. The containers may be formed from a variety of materials such as glass or plastic. Generally, the container holds a composition which is effective for treating a disease or disorder described herein, and may have a sterile access port (for example the container may be an intravenous solution bag or a vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle). At least one active ingredient in the composition is a) a salt of Compound I as described herein; and/or b) one or more additional anticancer agents such as any of the anticancer agents described herein. The label or package insert indicates that the composition is used for treating cancer (e.g., a particular cancer) in an individual. The label or package insert will further comprise instructions for administering the composition to the individual (e.g., according to any of the methods described herein). Articles of manufacture and kits comprising combination therapies described herein are also contemplated.

[0371] Package insert refers to instructions customarily included in commercial packages of therapeutic products that contain information about the indications, usage, dosage, administration, contraindications and/or warnings concerning the use of such therapeutic products. In some embodiments, the package insert indicates that the composition is used for treating cancer.

[0372] Additionally, the kit or article of manufacture may further comprise a second container comprising a pharmaceutically-acceptable buffer, such as bacteriostatic water for injection (BWFI), phosphate-buffered saline, Ringer's solution and dextrose solution. It may further include other materials desirable from a commercial and user standpoint, including other buffers, diluents, filters, needles, and syringes. [0373] For example, the kit or article of manufacture comprises a) a composition comprising a composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein and b) instructions for administering a composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein to an individual for treatment of a cancer, optionally in combination with one or more additional anticancer agents. In some embodiments, the kit or article of manufacture comprises a) a composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein b) one or more additional anticancer agents such as any of the anticancer agents described herein, and c) instructions for administering a salt of Compound I as described herein and the one or more additional anticancer agents to an individual for treatment of a cancer.

[0374] The composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein and the one or more additional anticancer agents can be present in separate containers or in a single container. For example, the kit may comprise one distinct composition or two or more compositions wherein one composition comprises a composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein and another composition comprises the one or more additional anticancer agents.

[0375] The kits or articles of manufacture of the application are in suitable packaging. Suitable packaging includes, but is not limited to, vials, bottles, jars, flexible packaging (e.g., sealed Mylar or plastic bags), and the like. Kits or articles of manufacture may optionally provide additional components such as buffers and interpretative information. The present application thus also provides articles of manufacture, which include vials (such as sealed vials), bottles, jars, flexible packaging, and the like.

[0376] The instructions relating to the use of a salt of Compound I as described herein and one or more additional anticancer agents generally include information as to dosage, dosing schedule, and route of administration for the intended treatment. The containers may be unit doses, bulk packages (e.g., multi-dose packages) or sub-unit doses. For example, kits may be provided that contain sufficient dosages of a composition comprising a salt of Compound I as described herein and one or more additional anticancer agents as disclosed herein to provide effective treatment of an individual for an extended period, such as any of a week, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 12 months, 24 months or more. Kits may also include multiple unit doses of a salt of Compound I as described herein and the one or more additional anticancer agents and instructions for use, packaged in quantities sufficient for storage and use in pharmacies, for example, hospital pharmacies and compounding pharmacies.

[0377] Compound I may be prepared using the methods outlined in Scheme 1 below.

Scheme 1

Compound 1

[0378] (R)-2-(6-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)isoxazo lidine (Compound A) may be prepared by methods analogous to those described in United States Patent Application Publication No. U.S. 20220073505 Al, which is hereby incorporated by reference for that purpose. (R)-2-(6-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-3-(3,5- difluorophenyl)isoxazolidine may be allowed to react with 4-fluoro-2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline to provide (R)-6-(3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2-yl)-N-(4-fluoro- 2-methoxy-5- nitrophenyl)pyrimidin-4-amine (Compound B). The reaction of Compound A and 4-fluoro- 2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline may be conducted in a protic solvent, or a mixture of protic solvents, optionally in the presence water, and in the presence of an acid. For example, the Compound A may be allowed to react with 4-fluoro-2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline in an alcohol, such as 2-pentanol, and in the precent of para-toluenesulfonic acid, and at a temperature of from about 0 °C to about 100 °C to provide Compound B. 4-fluoro-2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline may be purchased or synthesized by methods known to those having ordinary skill in the art. In turn, Compound B may be allowed to react with l-cyclopropyl-4-(piperidin-4- yl)piperazine in an aprotic solvent and in the presence of a base to afford (R)-N-(4-(4-(4- cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-2-methoxy-5-nitrop henyl)-6-(3-(3,5- difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine (Compound C). For example, Compound B may be allowed to react with l-cyclopropyl-4-(piperidin-4-yl)piperazine in dimethylsulfoxide and in the presence of potassium carbonate, and at a temperature of from about 0 °C to about 100 °C to afford Compound C. The compound l-cyclopropyl-4- (piperidin-4-yl)piperazine may be prepared using methods known to those having ordinary skill in the art and methods similar to those disclosed in United States Patent Application Publication No. U.S. 20220073505 Al. In turn, Compound C may be allowed to react with a reducing agent and in the presence of a protic solvent, an aprotic solvent, or a mixture of a protic and an aprotic solvent depending on the reducing agent used, to afford (R)-4-(4-(4- cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-Nl-(6-(3-(3,5-difl uorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2- yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-6-methoxybenzene-l,3-diamine (Compound D). For example, Compound C may be allowed to react with tin (II) dichloride as a reducing agent in a mixture of methanol and tetrahydrofuran as solvent, and a temperature of from about 0 °C to about 100 °C to afford Compound D. In turn, Compound D may be allowed to react with a reagent capable of selectively reacting with the primary amino group in Compound D to afford (R)-3- chloro-N-(2-(4-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)- 5-((6-(3-(3,5- difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-4-met hoxyphenyl)propenamide (Compound E). For example, Compound D may be allowed to react with 3-chloropropanoyl chloride in an aprotic solvent, such as 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, and in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate, and at a temperature of from about 0 °C to about 100 °C to afford Compound E. Compound E may be isolated, or may be used in the next reaction without further purification. Compound E may be allowed to react with a base capable of causing an elimination reaction to afford (R)-N-(2-(4-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin- l-yl)-5-((6-(3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2-yl)pyrimid in-4-yl)amino)-4- methoxyphenyl)acrylamide (Compound I). For example, Compound E may be allowed to react with a trialkylamine base, such as triethylamine (TEA), in the presence of an aprotic solvent, such as acetonitrile, and at a temperature from about 0 °C to about 100 °C, to afford Compound I. Compound I may be isolated as the free base, or the free base may be used without further purification in a reaction to afford a suitable salt form, such as a malonate or glycolate salt as further described herein.

Examples

[0379] The following abbreviations may be used herein:

[0380] The salts form of Compound I were characterized by various analytical techniques, including XRPD, DSC, TGA, ^J H NMR, and DVS, using the procedures described below.

XRPD

[0381] For XRPD analysis, X’pert ³ and Empyrean X-ray powder diffractometers were used. Sample was spread on the middle of a zero-background Si holder. The XRPD parameters used are listed in Table 5 below.

TABLE 5

DSC

[0382] DSC and mDSC analyses were performed using a TA Q2000 and Discovery DSC

2500 DSC from TA Instruments. The DSC parameters used are listed in Table 6 below.

TABLE 6

TGA

[0383] TGA data were collected using a TA Q5000 and Discovery TGA 5500 TGA from TA Instruments. The TGA parameters used are listed in Table 7 below.

TABLE 7

' H NMR

[0384] ^J H solution NMR was collected on Bruker 400M NMR Spectrometer, using DMSO-^6 or deuterated chloroform as solvent.

DVS

DVS was measured via a SMS (Surface Measurement Systems) DVS Intrinsic. The relative humidity at 25 °C was calibrated against deliquescence point of LiCl, MgiNOsh and KC1.

Parameters for DVS test are listed in Table 8 below.

TABLE 8

Example 1. Preparation of a malonate salt of Compound I (Method 1)

[0385] A malonate salt of Compound I was prepared as set forth below in Scheme 2. (R)- 2-(6-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)isoxazolidi ne (Compound A) may be prepared according to methods known to those having ordinary skill in the art, and methods analogous to those described in United States Patent Application Publication No.

2022/0162203 Al, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein for that purpose. l-cyclopropyl-4-(piperidin-4-yl)piperazine may be prepared using methods known to those having ordinary skill in the art, and methods analogous to those described in PCT Publication No. W02004087700 Al, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference for that purpose. Scheme 2

[0386] Step 1 : A solution of (R)-2-(6-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-3-(3,5- difluorophenyljisoxazolidine (Compound A) and 4-fluoro-2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline in 2- pentanol was treated with p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) and the mixture was heated until the reaction was deemed complete. The reaction mixture was subjected to an aqueous workup into a methyl tert-butylether (MTBE)/ dichloromethane (DCM) mixture, crystallized from MTBE/heptane, and then dried to give (R)-6-(3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2-yl)-N-(4- fluoro-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)pyrimidin-4-amine (Compound B).

[0387] Step 2: A solution of (R)-6-(3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2-yl)-N-(4-fluoro- 2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)pyrimidin-4-amine (Compound B) from Step 1 and 1-cyclopropyl- 4-(piperidin-4-yl)piperazine (3 HC1) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was treated with potassium carbonate (K2CO3) and the mixture was heated until the reaction was deemed complete. The resulting crude product was isolated upon addition of water followed by filtration of the resulting solids, which were recrystallized from 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2- MeTHF)/heptane and dried to give (R)-N-(4-(4-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-

2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)-6-(3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)isoxazo lidin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine (Compound C) as a solid.

[0388] Step 3: A solution of R)-N-(4-(4-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-2- methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)-6-(3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin -2-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine (Compound C) from Step 2 was dissolved in a mixture of methanol (MeOH) and tetrahydrofuran (THF), and the resulting solution was treated with tin chloride dihydrate (SnCb-2H2O) and aqueous hydrochloric acid (aqueous HC1). The resulting mixture was stirred until the reaction was deemed to be complete. The reaction mixture was neutralized and subjected to an aqueous workup into dichloromethane (DCM). (R)-4-(4-(4- cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-Nl-(6-(3-(3,5-difl uorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2- yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-6-methoxybenzene-l,3-diamine (Compound D) was isolated via crystallization from ethyl acetate (EtOAc)Zheptane followed by drying.

[0389] Step 4: A solution of (R)-4-(4-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-Nl- (6-(3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)- 6-methoxybenzene-l,3-diamine (Compound D) from Step 3 was dissolved in 2-MeTHF and the resulting solution was treated with K2CO3 and 3-chloropropanoyl chloride. The resulting mixture was stirred until the reaction was deemed to be complete. The reaction mixture was then subjected to an aqueous workup, the solvent was exchanged the acetonitrile (MeCN) and the resulting solution of (R)-

3-chloro-N-(2-(4-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l -yl)-5-((6-(3-(3,5- difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-4-met hoxyphenyl)propenamide (Compound E) was used directly in the next step without further purification.

[0390] Step 5 : A solution (R)-3-chloro-N-(2-(4-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin- l- yl)-5-((6-(3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2-yl)pyrimidin -4-yl)amino)-4- methoxyphenyljpropenamide (Compound E) from Step 4 in MeCN was treated with triethylamine (TEA) and the mixture was stirred until the reaction was deemed to be complete. The resulting reaction mixture was then subjected to an aqueous workup into DCM, the solvent was exchanged to acetone, and the solution of (R)-N-(2-(4-(4- cyclopropylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-5-((6-(3-(3,5-difl uorophenyl)isoxazolidin-2- yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-4-methoxyphenyl)acrylamide was treated with malonic acid in acetone to provide Compound I. Example 2. Preparation of a malonate salt of Compound I (Method 2)

[0391] Freebase Compound I was stirred with an equimolar amount of malonic acid in acetone at RT for 14.5 hrs. The slurry was subjected to vacuum drying at 50 °C for about 6 hrs. The malonate salt of Compound I was analyzed by XRPD, DSC, TGA, ^J H NMR, and DVS. FIG. 1A shows an XRPD pattern of a malonate salt of Compound I. FIG. ID shows DSC and TGA graphs of a malonate salt of Compound I. As shown in the DSC graph, an endotherm at 147.8 °C was observed. As shown in the TGA graph, a weight loss of about 0.7% up to 130 °C was observed. FIG. 1G show a ^J H NMR spectrum of a malonate salt of Compound I. As shown in FIG. 1G, the molar ratio of acid/Compound I was about 1.1, and the residual solvent acetone/Compound I was about 0.06: 1 (0.5 wt%). FIG. 1J shows a DVS graph of a malonate salt of Compound I. As shown in FIG. 1 J, a moisture uptake of 0.19% at 25 °C/80% relative humidity (RH) range as determined by DVS was observed.

Example 3. Preparation of a malonate salt of Compound I (Method 3)

[0392] Freebase Compound I (499.7 mg) and acetone (5 mF) were placed in a 20-mL glass vial to form the freebase solution. Malonic acid (80.0 mg) was dissolved in acetone (3 mL) to form the acid solution. The malonate salt of Compound I (2.0 mg) as prepared according to Example 1 was added to the freebase solution as seeds. The acid solution was added dropwise into the freebase solution with stirring. The resulting suspension was stirred at RT for about 40 hrs. The suspension was centrifuged and the resulting solids were dried at 50 °C under vacuum for 2 hrs. A malonate salt of Compound I (524.6 mg, 90.4%) was obtained and analyzed by XRPD, DSC, TGA, and ^J H NMR. FIG. IB shows an XRPD pattern of a malonate salt of Compound I. FIG. IE shows DSC and TGA graphs of a malonate salt of Compound I. As shown in the DSC graph, an endotherm at 149.7 °C was observed. As shown in the TGA graph, a weight loss of about 0.8% up to 130 °C was observed. FIG. 1H show a ^J H NMR spectrum of a malonate salt of Compound I. As shown in FIG. 1H, the molar ratio of acid/Compound I was about 1.0, and the residual solvent acetone/Compound I was about 0.1 (0.7 wt%).

Example 4. Preparation of a malonate salt of Compound I (Method 4)

[0393] Freebase Compound I (5.00 g) and acetone (50 mL) were placed in a 100-mL reactor and stirred at RT to form the freebase solution. Malonic acid (801.0 mg) was dissolved in acetone (30 mL) to form the acid solution. The malonate salt of Compound I (51.0 mg) as prepared according to Example 2 was added to the freebase solution as seeds. The acid solution was added to the freebase solution in 1 hr with stirring. The resulting suspension was stirred at RT for about 41 hrs. The solids were isolated by vacuum filtration and dried under vacuum at 50 °C for 6 hrs followed by at RT for 14 hrs. A malonate salt of Compound I (5.17 g, 88.5%) was obtained and analyzed by XRPD, DSC, TGA, and ^J H NMR. FIG. 1C shows an XRPD pattern of a malonate salt of Compound I. FIG. IF shows DSC and TGA graphs of a malonate salt of Compound I. As shown in the DSC graph, an endotherm at 149.2 °C was observed. As shown in the TGA graph, a weight loss of about 0.6% up to 130 °C was observed. FIG. II shows a ^J H NMR spectrum of a malonate salt of Compound I. As shown in FIG. II, the molar ratio of acid/Compound I was about 1.0, and the residual solvent acetone/Compound I was about 0.1 (0.7 wt%).

Example 5. Preparation of a glycolate salt of Compound I

[0394] Freebase Compound I was stirred with an equimolar amount of glycolic acid in acetone at RT for 2 days, followed by vacuum drying at 50 °C for 2 hrs. The glycolate salt of Compound I was analyzed by XRPD, DSC, TGA, ^J H NMR, and DVS. FIG. 2A shows an XRPD pattern of a glycolate salt of Compound I. FIG. 2B shows DSC and TGA graphs of a glycolate salt of Compound I. As shown in the DSC graph, an endotherm at 163.1 °C was observed. As shown in the TGA graph, a weight loss of about 1.3% up to 120 °C was observed. FIG. 2C show a ^J H NMR spectrum of a glycolate salt of Compound I. As shown in FIG. 2C, the molar ratio of acid/Compound I was 1.1, and the molar ratio of residual solvent acetone/Compound I was 0.3 (2.2 wt%). FIG. 2D shows a DVS graph of a glycolate salt of Compound I. As shown in FIG. 2D, a moisture uptake of 1.4% at 25 °C/80% relative humidity (RH) as determined by DVS was observed.

Example 6. Solubility screening of malonate salt of Compound I

[0395] The solubility of the malonate salt of Compound I as prepared according to Example 2 in various solvents at RT was measured. The malonate salt of Compound I (approximately 2 mg) was added to a 3-mL glass vial. The solvent was then added stepwise (50/50/200/200/500/1000 pL) into the vial until the solids were dissolved visually or a total volume of 2 mL was reached. The results are provided below in Table 9.

TABLE 9 Solvent Solubility (mg/mL) Solvent Solubility (mg/mL)

MeOH S>46.0 CPME S<1.1

EtOH 1.9<S<6.3 1,4-Dioxane 2.1<S<7.0

IPA S<1.2 Anisole S<0.9

Acetone 1.1<S<2.2 ACN 6.0<S<18.0

MIBK S<1.2 DCM 20.0<S<40.0

EtOAc S<1.0 CHCh S>40.0

IPAc S<0.9 n-Heptane S<1.1

MTBE S<1.0 Toluene S<1.0

THF 2.1<S<7.0 DMSO S>40.0

2-MeTHF 1.1<S<2.2 Water S<1.2

Example 7: Biodistribution of Compound I after administration in mice

Study design

[0396] Female non-tumor bearing Fox Chase CB17 SCID mice were orally administered a single dose as specified in Table Bl.

Table Bl: Treatment Groups

ROA= Route of administration

[0397] Brain tissues were excised and plasma was collected from all the animals receiving Compound I, or tucatinib at 1 hour, 4 hours, and 8 hours post-administration.

Tucatinib was used as a reference agent. Tucatinib is a clinically approved therapy for HER2 positive breast cancer patients with brain metastases. The harvested brains were rinsed in ice- cold phosphate-buffered saline and weighed. All plasma and brain samples were stored at approximately -80°C until thawed for EC-MS/MS analysis.

[0398] Prior to analysis, brain tissues were homogenized 1: 5 with phosphate buffer.

Average free brain-to-free plasma ratio (K _p , _uu ) was calculated from individual mice by using total concentration values determined in the brain and plasma at individual time points, or by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) and converting the values to free concentration (or AUC) with in vitro binding parameters determined in the brain (f _u ,b) and plasma (f _u , _P ) as follows:

Kp,uu=Brain Concentration (or AUC)*fu,b/Plasma Concentration (or AUC)*fu,p.

[0399] Free fraction in the brain (f _u ,b) and in plasma (f _u , _P ) was determined with equilibrium dialysis as follows: The brain tissue homogenate or plasma from the mice were spiked to yield a final concentration of 1 pM Compound I, or 5 pM tucatinib. Compound I and tucatinib were incubated in equilibrium dialysis plate on a shaking incubator at 37 °C with 5% CO2 at 450 rpm for 8 hours and 24 hours, respectively. Following the incubation, aliquots of the matrix and the buffer samples were sampled and the concentration of Compound I, or tucatinib were determined.

Free fraction in plasma was determined as follows: Buffer concentration lu — Plasma concentration

Free fraction in brain was determined as follows: where f _u ,b,d is fraction unbound determined with 20% brain homogenate.

[0400] As indicated in FIG. 3, concentrations of unbound tucatinib and Compound I in the brain tissue or plasma were observed over time. Surprisingly, Compound I at a dosage of only 3mg/kg exhibited similar unbound plasma concentration 4 hours after administration as compared to tucatinib at a dosage of 50 mg/kg. At 8 hours after administration, Compound I at 3 mg/kg achieved an unbound plasma concentration that is about 15-fold of the unbound plasma concentration achieved by tucatinib at 50 mg/kg. See FIG. 3, the table at the right.

[0401] More strikingly, Compound I at the 3 mg/kg dosage exhibited a much higher unbound brain concentration at both one-hour and four-hour time points after administration as compared to tucatinib at 50 mg/kg. Both compounds were below the limit of quantitation (BLOQ) after 8 hours. The total area under the curve (AUC) of Compound I at 3mg/kg during the first eight hours is about 800% higher than that of tucatinib at 50 mg/kg. [0402] The above results demonstrate the excellent bioavailability profile of Compound I in both plasma and brain. Importantly, the superior ability of Compound I to penetrate the blood-brain barrier as compared to tucatinib is striking.

Example 8: Sensitivity of Compound I on HER2 amplified or overexpressed breast cancer cell lines

[0403] A cell viability screen was performed against a panel of 21 breast cancer lines containing both HER2 positive (HER2 amplified or HER2 overexpressed) cell lines and HER2 negative cell lines. Specifically, the HER2 positive cell lines included MDA-MB- 175VII, ZR-75-30, BT-474, AU565, HCC1954, UACC-812, SK-BR3, and MDA-MB-361. Among these cell lines, MDA-MB-175VII is a heregulin (NRGl)-fusion cell line that has HER2 protein overexpressed but not HER2 DNA amplification. MDA-MB-361 and UACC- 893 have activating mutations in PIK3CA, which is a downstream signaling protein in the HER2 pathway. None of the HER2 positive cell lines tested comprise an HER2 exon20 insertion mutation. HER2 negative cell lines include CAMA-1, MCF-7, BT-549, DU4475, HCC70, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436, UACC893, BT-483, CAL-51, Hs 578T, T-47D, and CAL-148.

[0404] Tucatinib and lapatinib were used as reference agents. As discussed above, tucatinib is a clinically approved therapy for HER2 positive breast cancer patients with brain metastases. Lapatinib is a dual HER2 and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor also approved for treatment of HER2 amplified breast cancer.

[0405] Cell lines were treated in a 384-well format with a 10-point dose titration of compounds, with a maximum dose of 3 pM. The cells were incubated at 37°C, 5% CO2 for 72 hours. Following the 72 hour incubation, the assay plate was equilibrated at room temperature for 10 minutes. The assay was quenched with the addition of CellTiter-Glo reagent (Promega, Madison, WI) to each well as per the manufacturer’s instructions. The assay was incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature to stabilize the luminescent signal. Finally, the luminescence was quantified using an EnVision detection system (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA).

[0406] As shown in FIG. 4, the cellular half maximal effective concentrations (EC50s) of Compound I in the exemplary HER2 amplified or expressed breast cancer cell lines (such as those shown in the left side of FIG. 4) were below 30 nM while EC50s of Compound I in other cell lines were more than 3 pM. Compound I is more potent than both of the reference agents tucatinib and lapatinib in inhibiting these cell lines.

[0407] For those cell lines that have HER2 amplification or HER2 overexpression and also phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) mutations (such as H1047L, H1047R, C420R), some of these cell lines such as MDA-MB- 231 were still sensitive to Compound I. Some of these cell lines (e.g., EFM-19, MDA-MB- 453, UACC-893, JIMT-1) were insensitive to Compound I. (Data not shown.)

Example 9: Evaluation of Compound I and tucatinib in a BT474 xenograft model in mice [0408] Compound I and tucatinib were tested in a BT474 xenograft model in mice. The BT474 cell line, derived from cells isolated from a solid, invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast obtained from a 60-year-old, White, female breast cancer patient, exhibits epithelial morphology and has been determined to overexpress human epidermal growth factors receptor 2 (HER-2) and estrogen receptors (ER). Female Balb/c nude mice of 5-6 weeks old were implanted with estrogen pellets (one 17P-estradiol 60 day release pellet/mouse) subcutaneously at the back-neck area, 3 days prior to the injection of tumor cells. BT474 cells were obtained from a commercial source and were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) with 10% of fetal bovine serum. Cells were inoculated into the right flanks of the estrogen pellet implanted mice. Each mouse received 5xl0 ⁶ cells in medium mixed 1: 1 with Matrigel at a total volume of 100 pl. When tumors reached approximately 150-200 mm ³ in volume, tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into groups with 10 mice in each group for the treatment as described. All animals on study were dosed via oral gavage (PO), once a day (QD) for 28 days at a dosing administration volume of 10 mL/kg. The Vehicle Control Group received 0.5% citric acid in sterile water as its treatment. The Compound 1 Group was dosed at 2.5 mg/kg of compound 1 suspended in 0.5% citric acid in sterile water. The Tucatinib Group was dosed at 50 mg/kg of tucatinib suspended in 30% (w/v) Captisol in sterile water. Tumors were measured twice weekly in two dimensions using calipers. Tumor volume was calculated using the following formula, tumor volume (TV) = (length x width ² ) x 0.5. Mice were weighed twice weekly. Animals were euthanized if their body weight loss (BWL) was greater than 20% or if their tumor volume was greater than 2000 mm ³ . If any animal dropped below 15% BWL, they were given lactated ringers solution. All animals were provided with Supplemental Gel (DietGel from Clear H2O) from the beginning through to the end of the study. Tumor volumes were plotted as a mean +/- standard error of mean (SEM) for each of the groups. Tumor growth inhibition (TGI) was calculated using the following formula, TGI = [l-(TVtf-TVto)/(TV _c f-TV _c o)] x 100, where TVtf is the average tumor volume of the treated group at the end of the study, TVto is the average tumor volume of the treated group at the beginning of the study, TV _c f is the average tumor volume of the control group at the end of the study and TV _c o is the average tumor volume of the control group at the beginning of the study. Complete response (CR) was defined as any tumor with a volume less than 30 mm ³ . The average tumor volumes in the Compound 1 Group, the Tucatinib Group, and the Vehicle Control Group after 28 days of treatment are shown in FIG. 5 A, demonstrating the Compound I achieved a TGI of 111% and tucatinib achieved a TGI of 109%. The plot of tumor volume in the individual mice in the Vehicle Control Group are shown in FIG. 5B, demonstrating that none of the mice in this group achieved a CR. The plot of tumor volume in individual mice in the Compound 1 Group are shown in FIG. 5C, showing that 2 of the 10 mice in the group achieved a CR. The plot of tumor volume in individual mice in the Tucatinib Group are shown in FIG. 5D, demonstrating that none of the mice in the group achieved a CR. The plots of the average body weights of the mice in each of the Compound 1 Group, the Tucatinib Group, and the Vehicle Control Group are shown in FIG. 5E (Vehicle Group = circles; Compound 1 Group = triangles; Tucatinib Group = squares), demonstrating that in none of the groups did the average BWL exceed 20% over the course of the study.

Example 10: Clinical evaluation of Compound I in human subjects having non-small cell lung cancer comprising EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations, or HER2 amplification or overexpression

[0409] A clinical study was conducted using Compound I in human subjects having non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprising EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations, or HER2 amplification or overexpression. A total of 50 human subjects having non-small cell lung cancer comprising one or more EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations, or HER2 amplification or overexpression were enrolled in the study as of July 31, 2023 with data collected as of September 26, 2023. The subjects were enrolled into one of ten dosing cohorts that were each orally administered Compound I in the form of a hemifumarate salt as shown in Table 10 (QD = once per day; BID = twice per day).

TABLE 10

[0410] The general characteristics of the enrolled subjects are described in Table 11. Of the subjects enrolled having NSCLC with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations: (a) 81% were treated with one or more prior EGFR exon 20 targeted agents; (b) 19% received multiple EGFR exon 20 targeted agents; and (c) 86% presented with CNS metastases at baseline. Of the subjects enrolled having NSCLC with HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations: (a) 30% were treated with a prior HER2 targeted agent; and (b) 38% were treated with CNS metastases at baseline (n = number; N/A = not applicable)

TABLE 11

[0411] The oral administration of Compound I in the form of a hemifumarate to the subjects described above was associated with Grade 1 and 2 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) at each dose level (assigned as per NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0). There were infrequent dose reductions and discontinuations. The TRAEs that occurred in equal to or greater than 10% of subjects in the study are set forth in Tables 12 to 15 (TDD = total daily dose; n = number; N/A = not applicable; the term rash includes the following terms: acne, dermatitis, dermatitis acneiform, eczema, hand dermatitis, and rash).

TABLE 12

TABLE 13

TABLE 14

TABLE 15

[0412] Duration of treatment and antitumor responses achieved in evaluable subjects with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutated NSCLC (dose level greater than or equal to 45 mg TDD and at least one post-baseline tumor assessment) who were administered Compound I in the form of a hemifumarate salt are set forth in Tables 16 and 17, respectively.

TABLE 16

TABLE 17

[0413] Duration of treatment and antitumor responses achieved in evaluable subjects with HER2 exon 20 insertion mutate NSCLC (dose level greater than or equal to 45 mg TDD and at least one post-baseline tumor assessment) who were administered Compound I in the form of a hemifumarate salt are set forth in Tables 18 and 19, respectively.

TABLE 18

TABLE 19

[0414] Figure 6 shows the mean unbound plasma concentration of Compound I at steady state from dosing cycle 2, day 1 in human subjects administered Compound I as described in Example 10.

Example 11: Clinical evaluation of Compound I in a human subject with EGFR Exon 20 mutated NSCLC and active CNS metastases that progressed on prior EGFR Exon 20 therapy

[0415] A 55-year old female subject having EGFR exon 20 mutated non-small cell lung cancer was enrolled in a clinical study relating to Compound I. The cancer in the subject had been previously treated with chemotherapy (pemetrexed/cisplatin) and amivantamab. The subject presented with four active CNS non-target lesions that were previously untreated, and for which the subject had not undergone prior surgery or radiation treatment. The subject was enrolled in a dosing cohort that received 75 mg QD of Compound I in the form of a hemifumarate salt. Following dosing cycle 1 (1 cycle = 28 days), the subject exhibited a systemic anti-tumor response (60% reduction of all target and non-target lesions), followed by complete response at the end of dosing cycle 2 (100 % reduction of all target and nontarget lesions) that was subsequently confirmed. Following dosing cycle 1, the subject exhibited a 100% reduction of all 4 CNS lesions, which was confirmed after completion of dosing cycle 2. During the reporting period (data cutoff of September 26, 2023), the only EGFR-related adverse events were Grade 2 mucositis and Grade 2 paronychia, assessed as related to Compound I. The subject was on dosing cycle 9 and was continuing dosing Compound I at the time of data cutoff.

Example 12: Clinical evaluation of Compound I in a human subject with HER2 exon 20 mutated NSCLC

[0416] A 67-year old, male subject having HER2 exon 20 mutated NSCLC was enrolled in a clinical study relating to Compound I. The cancer in the subject had been previously treated with pemetrexed/cisplatin, ipilimumab/nivolumab/carboplatin, and pemetrexed/carboplatin/pembrolizumab. The subject was enrolled in a dosing cohort that received 30 mg BID of Compound I in the form of a hemifumarate salt. Following dosing cycle 1 (1 cycle = 28 days dosing at 30 mg BID), the subject exhibited a partial response (100% reduction of all target lesions; non-targeted lesions non-CR/non-PD), which was confirmed at the end of dosing cycle 2 (100% reduction of all target lesions). During the reporting period (data cutoff of September 26, 2023), the only EGFR-related adverse events were Grade 2 rash and Grade 2 nausea, assessed as related to Compound I. The subject was on dosing cycle 3 and was continuing dosing Compound I at the time of data cutoff.

Example 13: A Phase 1, Open-Label, Single Dose Study to Evaluate the Relative Bioavailability of Two Formulations (Capsule and Tablet) of Compound I in Healthy Subjects

[0417] A Phase 1, open-label, single dose study was conducted in healthy human subjects to evaluate the relative bioavailability of two formulations of Compound I. The first formulation of Compound I (Treatment A) was in the form of a capsule comprising about 15 mg of Compound I in the form of a hemifumarate, while the second formulation of Compound I (Treatment B) was in the form of a tablet comprising about 10 mg of Compound I in the form of a malonate and pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the relative bioavailability (BA) of Treatment A and Treatment B administered as a single oral dose under fasting conditions in healthy adult subjects. A secondary objective was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of single dose administration of Compound I Treatment B under fasting conditions. The endpoints of the study were AUCO-last, AUCO-24, AUCO-inf, AUC%extrap, Cmax, Tmax, Kel, t* , CL/F, and Vz/F for Treatment A and Treatment B. The endpoints also included Aetl-t2, Ae, CLr, Fetl-t2, and Fe from Treatment B in period 2. A secondary endpoint included treatment- emergent AEs (TEAEs), clinical laboratory tests, vital signs, and 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECGs).

[0418] Methodology: The study was conducted as an open-label, single-dose study. Screening of subjects occurred within 28 days prior to the first dosing. The study was conducted as a randomized, 2-period, crossover study to assess the relative BA of Treatment A and Treatment B. On Day 1 of Period 1 and of Period 2, a single oral dose of Treatment A or Treatment B were administered under fasting conditions. Blood samples for PK were collected pre-dose and through 216 hours post-dose. Urine samples for PK were collected pre-dose and through 48 hours post-dose from subjects randomized to Period 2 Treatment B (tablets). There was a washout period of at least 10 days between dosing in each period. Safety was monitored throughout the study by repeated clinical and laboratory evaluations. Discontinued subjects were not replaced. All 30 enrolled subjects completed the study and were included in the PK and safety analyses.

[0419] 60 mg Compound I in the form of Treatment B (6 x 10 mg tablets) was administered at Hour 0 on Day 1 under fasting conditions along with approximately 240 mL of water after a 10-hour fast. The total duration of participation including the screening period for each subject was approximately 8 weeks. There were 2 periods of approximately 14 days each; washout phase was 10 days between both doses. 60 mg of Compound I in the form of Treatment A (4 x 15 mg capsules) was administered to subjects at Hour 0 on Day 1 under fasting conditions along with approximately 240 mL of water after a 10-hour fast.

[0420] Plasma samples for the analysis of Compound I were collected at the following time points relative to dosing on Day 1 of each period: pre-dose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 216 hours post-dose. Safety was evaluated by TEAEs, clinical laboratory tests, vital signs, 12 lead ECGs, and physical examinations. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the natural log (In)-transformed AUCO- last, AUCO-inf, and Cmax. The ANOVA model included sequence, treatment, and period as fixed effects, and subject nested within sequence as a random effect, and included calculation of least-squares means (LSMs) as well as the difference between treatment LSMs. Ratios of LSMs were calculated using the exponentiation of the difference between treatment LSMs from the analyses on the In-transformed AUCO-last, AUCO-inf, and Cmax. Similar relative bioavailability (BA) were concluded if the 90% confidence intervals (Cis) for the ratios of LSMs of In-transformed AUCO last, AUCO inf, and Cmax between the 2 treatments fell within 80.00% and 125.00%. Safety was evaluated by clinical laboratory tests, physical examination, vital signs, 12 lead ECGs, and adverse events (AEs). There was no inferential statistics performed.

[0421] PK results: The individual Compound I concentration versus time profiles were well characterized following a single oral dose of 60 mg capsules and 60 mg tablets. Plasma Compound I concentrations were quantifiable in 27 out of 30 subjects following 60 mg capsules and 29 out of 30 subjects following 60 mg tablets at 0.5 hour (i.e., the first post-dose time point), and were quantifiable in 22 out of 30 subjects following 60 mg capsules and 21 out of 30 subjects following 60 mg tablets through 144 hours. Plasma Compound I concentrations were quantifiable in only 4 subjects and 8 subjects at 216 hours following capsules and tablets, respectively. The arithmetic mean concentration versus time profiles following both treatments were nearly identical through the entire sampling interval. Peak mean Compound I values were similar following both treatments and were reached at 6 hours following 60 mg capsules (18.39 ng/mL) and 7 hours following 60 mg tablets (18.87 ng/mL). Plasma Compound I overall (AUCs) and peak (Cmax) exposures were similar following administration of 60 mg capsules and 60 mg tablets. Median plasma Compound I Tmax and Tlag were similar following both treatments. Additionally, arithmetic mean plasma Compound 11* , CL/F, and Vz/F were also similar between both treatments. Subject 13 vomited prior to Tmax but treatment ratios of PK parameters were within the range of all subjects and was included in the analysis. Plasma Compound I overall (AUCs) and peak (Cmax) exposures were similar following administration of 60 mg tablets compared to 60 mg capsules. Additionally, the 90% Cis around the GMRs for all parameters tested were within 80.00% to 125.00% and included the value of 100.00%. The intra-subject CV% was relatively low and ranged from approximately 15.2% to 18.4%. [0422] Safety results: There were no deaths, serious adverse events (SAEs), or TEAEs leading to subject discontinuation in this study. Overall, 14 (47%) subjects reported TEAEs, including 8 (27%) subjects following 60 mg capsules and 7 (23%) subjects following 60 mg tablets. It was determined that 12 (40%) subjects overall experienced TEAEs that were related to the study drug, including all 8 (27%) subjects following 60 mg capsules and 5 (17%) subjects following 60 mg tablets. Of the 14 subjects who reported TEAEs, 10 (33%) subjects experienced events with the maximum severity of mild, including 5 (17%) subjects following 60 mg capsules and 6 (20%) subjects following 60 mg tablets. Four (4 [13%]) subjects overall experienced events with the maximum severity of moderate, including 3 (10%) subjects following 60 mg capsules and 1 (3%) subject following 60 mg tablets. No severe TEAEs were reported. Overall, the most frequently reported TEAEs were constipation, dry skin, papular rash, and epistaxis, each reported by 3 (10%) subjects and considered mild in severity. There were no clinically significant findings or trends noted in the clinical laboratory tests, vital signs, 12-lead ECG assessments, or physical examination relative to subject safety.

[0423] Conclusions: Plasma Compound I AUCO-last, AUCO-inf, and Cmax were similar following administration of 60 mg tablets compared to 60 mg capsules since the 90% Cis around the GMRs for all parameters tested were within 80.00% to 125.00%. Plasma Compound 11* was similar following 60 mg tablets compared to 60 mg capsules, with arithmetic mean values of approximately 29 hours in both treatments. Median Compound I Tmax was reached at the same time following 60 mg tablets and 60 mg capsules (approximately 7 hours post-dose). Following Compound I 60 mg tablets, less than 1% of the dose was recovered in urine. A single oral dose of 60 mg Compound I (capsule or tablet) administered under fasting conditions appeared to be generally safe and well tolerated in the health adult subjects in this study.