BURNHAM ROBERT (US)
SCHNARR MICHAEL (US)
GEISSLER GERALD (US)
WILKENING DAVID (US)
MCLELLAN JOSEPH (US)
WHITE MICHAEL (US)
FRANKEL GERALD (US)
US20160030789A1 | 2016-02-04 | |||
US20060113513A1 | 2006-06-01 | |||
US20200384298A1 | 2020-12-10 | |||
US20020096668A1 | 2002-07-25 | |||
KR20210074474A | 2021-06-22 |
CLAIMS 1. A forest fire retardant composition, comprising: a retardant compound comprising potassium acetate; a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of iron, brass, aluminum, or magnesium present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.05% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; a thickening agent, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.4% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; and a colorant, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.3% to about 10% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises at least one of: an alkyl amine; an azole; iron pyrophosphate; disodium molybdate; sodium lauryl sulfate; or sodium stearate. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the thickening agent comprises at least one of a polyurethane, a polyvinyl alcohol, an acrylic polymer, a gum, a cellulosic, a sulfonate, a saccharide, a clay, an organosilicone, or a protein. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the thickening agent comprises at least one polysaccharide gum. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the colorant comprises at least one of a red dye, an orange dye, a purple dye, a pink dye, Iron Oxide, Iron Oxide Black, or a fluorescent pigment. 6. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a buffering agent. 7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the buffering agent is present in the composition in a weight percent of about 0.3% to about 40% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition. 8. The composition of claim 6, wherein the buffering agent comprises at least one of an organic amine, a strong acid, a weak acid, a strong base, a weak base, triethanolamine (C6H15NO3), low freeze grade triethanolamine, diethanolamine, monoethanolamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, ethylene diamine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, DABCO, N-methyl pyrrolidine, N-methylpyrrolidone, quinuclidine, diisoropryopylamine, diisopropylmethylamine, methyl piperidine, N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]glycine, 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol, or 3- (diethylamino)-1,2, propanediol, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate(s), trisodium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate hydrate(s), tripotassium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate hydrate(s), monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, triammonium phosphate, triammonium phosphate hydrate(s), sodium ammonium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate, monopotassium citrate (KH2C6H5O7), potassium gluconate (C6H11KO7), dipotassium citrate (C6H6K2O7), tripotassium citrate (K3C6H5O7 ), or tripotassium citrate monohydrate (K3C6H5O7(H2O)1). 9. The composition of claim 1, further comprising an inorganic pigment. 10. The composition of claim 9, wherein the inorganic pigment comprises at least one of iron oxide, titania, or titanium. 11. The composition of claim 9, wherein the inorganic pigment is present in the composition in a weight percent of about 0.02% to about 4.0% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition. 12. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a mineral oil. 13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the mineral oil is present in the composition in a weight percent of about 0.1% to about 2.5% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition. 14. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a glow-in-the-dark additive. 15. The composition of claim 14, wherein the glow-in-the-dark additive comprises at least one of a fluorescent or phosphorescent material. 16. The composition of claim 1, further comprising at least one of a spoilage inhibitor, an anti-caking agent, a flow conditioner, an anti-foaming agent, a foaming agent, a stability additive, a biocide, a second thickening agent, a surfactant, an adjuvant, a second corrosion inhibitor, an opacifier, a second colorant, a liquid carrier, or a deduster. 17. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is a dry concentrate having no more than about 3% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate. 18. The composition of claim 17, wherein the retardant compound is present in the dry concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 64% to about 98.5% relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate. 19. The composition of claim 1, further comprising water; wherein: the composition is a final diluted product intended for use to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires; and the retardant compound is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 7% to about 30% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product. 20. The composition of claim 19, wherein: the final diluted product is a long-term fire retardant; the long-term fire retardant has a viscosity between 150 cP and 1500 cP; and the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rates of 2.0 mils-per-year for aluminum, 5.0 mils-per-year for iron, and 5.0 mils-per-year for brass. 21. The composition of claim 20, wherein the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rate of 4.0 mils-per-year for magnesium. 22. The composition of claim 20, wherein the viscosity is between 150 cP and 400 cP. 23. The composition of claim 20, wherein the viscosity is between 401 cP and 800 cP. 24. The composition of claim 20, wherein the viscosity is between 801 cP and 1500 cP. 25. A method of combating a forest fire, the method comprising: depositing, via aerial or ground-based application, a forest fire retardant composition comprising: a retardant compound comprising potassium acetate; a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of iron, brass, aluminum, or magnesium present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.05% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; a thickening agent, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.4% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; a colorant, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.3% to about 10% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; and water; wherein the step of depositing comprises at least one of (a) a direct attack on the forest fire or (b) an indirect attack before the forest fire. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the step of depositing is performed via aerial application from an airplane or helicopter. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein the step of depositing is performed via ground application from a truck. 28. The method of claim 25, wherein the forest fire retardant composition further comprises a buffering agent. 29. The method of claim 25, wherein the forest fire retardant composition further comprises an inorganic pigment. 30. The method of claim 25, wherein the forest fire retardant composition further comprises a mineral oil. 31. The method of claim 25, wherein the forest fire retardant composition further comprises a glow-in-the-dark additive. 32. The method of claim 25, wherein the forest fire retardant composition comprises a long a long-term fire retardant; wherein: the long-term fire retardant has a viscosity between 150 cP and 1500 cP; and the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rates of 2.0 mils-per-year for aluminum, 5.0 mils-per-year for iron, and 5.0 mils-per-year for brass. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rate of 4.0 mils-per-year for magnesium. 34. The method of claim 32, wherein the viscosity is between 150 cP and 400 cP. 35. The method of claim 32, wherein the viscosity is between 401 cP and 800 cP. 36. The method of claim 32, wherein the viscosity is between 801 cP and 1500 cP. 37. A method of manufacture, the method comprising: combining the following components to form a forest fire retardant composition: (i) a retardant compound comprising potassium acetate; (ii) a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of iron, brass, aluminum, or magnesium present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of 0.05% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; (iii) a thickening agent, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.4% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; and (iv) a colorant, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.3% to about 10% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; wherein the components are batch mixed or continuously mixed in a tumbler. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the components further comprise an inorganic pigment. 39. The method of claim 37, wherein the components further comprise a buffering agent. 40. The method of claim 37, wherein the components further comprise a mineral oil. 41. The method of claim 37, wherein the components further comprise a glow-in-the-dark additive. 42. The method of claim 37, wherein the step of combining forms a dry concentrate having no more than about 3% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate. 43. The method of claim 42, further comprising diluting the dry concentrate in water to form a final diluted product, wherein the retardant compound is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 8% to about 15% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product. 44. The method of claim 37, wherein: the step of combining forms a liquid concentrate further comprising water; and the retardant compound and the water are collectively present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 85% to about 99% relative to the total weight of the liquid concentrate. 45. The method of claim 44, further comprising the step of diluting the liquid concentrate in water to form a final diluted product, wherein the retardant compound is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 8% to about 15% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product. 46. A method of manufacture, the method comprising: receiving the forest fire retardant composition made by the method of claim 37; and diluting the composition with water to form a final diluted product, wherein the retardant compound is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 8% to about 15% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product. 47. The method of claim 46, wherein the final diluted product comprises a long a long-term fire retardant; wherein: the long-term fire retardant has a viscosity between 150 cP and 1500 cP; and the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rates of 2.0 mils-per-year for aluminum, 5.0 mils-per-year for iron, and 5.0 mils-per-year for brass. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rate of 4.0 mils-per-year for magnesium. 49. The method of claim 47, wherein the viscosity is between 150 cP and 400 cP. 50. The method of claim 47, wherein the viscosity is between 401 cP and 800 cP. 51. The method of claim 47, wherein the viscosity is between 801 cP and 1500 cP. 52. A forest fire retardant composition, comprising: a retardant compound comprising potassium acetate; a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of iron, brass, aluminum, or magnesium present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.05% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; and a thickening agent, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.4% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition. 53. The composition of claim 52, wherein the retardant compound further comprises at least one of potassium formate (HCO2K), potassium acetate hydrate (CH3COOK(H2O)x), potasium propanoate (C3H5KO2), potassium butanoate (C4H7KO2), potassium lactate (KC3H5O3), potassium oxalate (C2K2O4), potassium oxalate monohydrate (C2K2O4(H2O)1), monopotassium malate (C4H5KO5), potassium glutamate (C5H8KNO4), potassium glutamate monohydrate (C5H8KNO4(H2O)1), potassium L-glutamate monohydrate (KOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH(H2O)1), monopotassium tartrate (C4H5KO6), potassium urate (C5H3KN4O3), dipotassium malate (C4H4K2O5), dipotassium tartrate (C4H4K2O6), monopotassium citrate (KH2C6H5O7), potassium gluconate (C6H11KO7), dipotassium citrate (C6H6K2O7), tripotassium citrate (K3C6H5O7 ), or tripotassium citrate monohydrate (K3C6H5O7(H2O)1). 54. The composition of claim 53, wherein the CH3COOK(H2O)x comprises at least one of CH3COOK(H2O)1, CH3COOK(H2O)3, or mixtures thereof. 55. The composition of claim 52, wherein the retardant compound further comprises at least one of potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4), potassium ammonium phosphate (K2NH4PO4), dipotasium phosphate (K2HPO4), dipotasium phosphate hydrate (K2HPO4(H2O)x), tripotassium phosphate (K3PO4), tripotassium phosphate hydrate (K3PO4(H2O)x), tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K4P2O7), potassium bisulfate (KHSO4), potassium ammonium sulfate (H4KNO4S), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), diammonium phosphate, or diammonium orthophosphate. 56. The composition of claim 55, wherein the K2HPO4(H2O)x comprises at least one of K2HPO4(H2O)3, K2HPO4(H2O)6, or mixtures thereof. 57. The composition of claim 55, wherein the K3PO4(H2O)x comprises at least one of K3PO4(H2O)3, K3PO4(H2O)7, K3PO4(H2O)9, or mixtures thereof. 58. The composition of claim 52, wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises at least one of: an alkyl amine; an azole; iron pyrophosphate; disodium molybdate; sodium lauryl sulfate; or sodium stearate. 59. The composition of claim 52, wherein the thickening agent comprises at least one of a polyurethane, a polyvinyl alcohol, an acrylic polymer, a gum, a cellulosic, a sulfonate, a saccharide, a clay, an organosilicone, or a protein. 60. The composition of claim 52, wherein the thickening agent comprises at least one polysaccharide gum. 61. The composition of claim 52, further comprising a colorant present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.3% to about 10% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition. 62. The composition of claim 61, wherein the colorant comprises at least one of a red dye, an orange dye, a purple dye, a pink dye, Iron Oxide, Iron Oxide Black, or a fluorescent pigment. 63. The composition of claim 52, further comprising an inorganic pigment. 64. The composition of claim 63, wherein the inorganic pigment is present in the composition in a weight percent of about 0.02% to about 4.0% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition. 65. The composition of claim 63, wherein the inorganic pigment comprises at least one of iron oxide, titania, or titanium. 66. The composition of claim 52, further comprising a buffering agent. 67. The composition of claim 66, wherein the buffering agent is present in the composition in a weight percent of about 0.3% to about 40% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition. 68. The composition of claim 66, wherein the buffering agent comprises at least one of an organic amine, a strong acid, a weak acid, a strong base, a weak base, triethanolamine (C6H15NO3), low freeze grade triethanolamine, diethanolamine, monoethanolamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, ethylene diamine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, DABCO, N-methyl pyrrolidine, N-methylpyrrolidone, quinuclidine, diisoropryopylamine, diisopropylmethylamine, methyl piperidine, N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]glycine, 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol, or 3- (diethylamino)-1,2, propanediol, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate(s), trisodium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate hydrate(s), tripotassium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate hydrate(s), monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, triammonium phosphate, triammonium phosphate hydrate(s), sodium ammonium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate, monopotassium citrate (KH2C6H5O7), potassium gluconate (C6H11KO7), dipotassium citrate (C6H6K2O7), tripotassium citrate (K3C6H5O7 ), or tripotassium citrate monohydrate (K3C6H5O7(H2O)1). 69. The composition of claim 52, further comprising a mineral oil. 70. The composition of claim 69, wherein the mineral oil is present in the composition in a weight percent of about 0.1% to about 2.5% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition. 71. The composition of claim 52, further comprising a glow-in-the-dark additive. 72. The composition of claim 71, wherein the glow-in-the-dark additive comprises at least one of a fluorescent or phosphorescent material. 73. The composition of claim 52, further comprising at least one of a spoilage inhibitor, an anti-caking agent, a flow conditioner, an anti-foaming agent, a foaming agent, a stability additive, a biocide, a second thickening agent, a surfactant, an adjuvant, a second corrosion inhibitor, an opacifier, a second colorant, a liquid carrier, or a deduster. 74. The composition of claim 52, wherein the composition is a dry concentrate having no more than about 3% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate. 75. The composition of claim 74, wherein the retardant compound is present in the dry concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 64% to about 98.5% relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate. 76. The composition of claim 52, further comprising water; wherein: the composition is a final diluted product intended for use to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires; and the retardant compound is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 7% to about 30% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product. 77. The composition of claim 76, wherein: the final diluted product is a long-term fire retardant; the long-term fire retardant has a viscosity between 150 cP and 1500 cP; and the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rates of 2.0 mils-per-year for aluminum, 5.0 mils-per-year for iron, and 5.0 mils-per-year for brass. 78. The composition of claim 77, wherein the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rate of 4.0 mils-per-year for magnesium. 79. The composition of claim 77, wherein the viscosity is between 150 cP and 400 cP. 80. The composition of claim 77, wherein the viscosity is between 401 cP and 800 cP. 81. The composition of claim 77, wherein the viscosity is between 801 cP and 1500 cP. 82. The composition of claim 52, wherein: the composition is a liquid concentrate further comprising water; and the retardant compound is present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 15% to about 85% relative to the total weight of the liquid concentrate. 83. A method of combating a forest fire, the method comprising: depositing, via aerial or ground-based application, a forest fire retardant composition comprising: a retardant compound comprising potassium acetate; a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of iron, brass, aluminum, or magnesium present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.05% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; a thickening agent, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.4% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; and water; wherein the step of depositing comprises at least one of (a) a direct attack on the forest fire or (b) an indirect attack before the forest fire. 84. The method of claim 83, wherein the step of depositing is performed via aerial application from an airplane or helicopter. 85. The method of claim 83, wherein the step of depositing is performed via ground application from a truck. 86. The method of claim 83, wherein the forest fire retardant composition further comprises a colorant. 87. The method of claim 83, wherein the forest fire retardant composition further comprises an inorganic pigment. 88. The method of claim 83, wherein the forest fire retardant composition further comprises a buffering agent. 89. The method of claim 83, wherein the forest fire retardant composition further comprises a mineral oil. 90. The method of claim 83, wherein the forest fire retardant composition further comprises a glow-in-the-dark additive. 91. The method of claim 83, wherein the retardant compound further comprises at least one of potassium formate (HCO2K), potassium acetate hydrate (CH3COOK(H2O)x), potasium propanoate (C3H5KO2), potassium butanoate (C4H7KO2), potassium lactate (KC3H5O3), potassium oxalate (C2K2O4), potassium oxalate monohydrate (C2K2O4(H2O)1), monopotassium malate (C4H5KO5), potassium glutamate (C5H8KNO4), potassium glutamate monohydrate (C5H8KNO4(H2O)1), potassium L-glutamate monohydrate (KOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH(H2O)1), monopotassium tartrate (C4H5KO6), potassium urate (C5H3KN4O3), dipotassium malate (C4H4K2O5), dipotassium tartrate (C4H4K2O6), monopotassium citrate (KH2C6H5O7), potassium gluconate (C6H11KO7), dipotassium citrate (C6H6K2O7), tripotassium citrate (K3C6H5O7 ), or tripotassium citrate monohydrate (K3C6H5O7(H2O)1). 92. The method of claim 91, wherein the CH3COOK(H2O)x comprises at least one of CH3COOK(H2O)1, CH3COOK(H2O)3, or mixtures thereof. 93. The method of claim 83, wherein the retardant compound further comprises at least one of potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4), potassium ammonium phosphate (K2NH4PO4), dipotasium phosphate (K2HPO4), dipotasium phosphate hydrate (K2HPO4(H2O)x), tripotassium phosphate (K3PO4), tripotassium phosphate hydrate (K3PO4(H2O)x), tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K4P2O7), potassium bisulfate (KHSO4), potassium ammonium sulfate (H4KNO4S), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), diammonium phosphate, or diammonium orthophosphate. 94. The method of claim 93, wherein the K2HPO4(H2O)x comprises at least one of K2HPO4(H2O)3, K2HPO4(H2O)6, or mixtures thereof. 95. The method of claim 93, wherein the K3PO4(H2O)x comprises at least one of K3PO4(H2O)3, K3PO4(H2O)7, K3PO4(H2O)9, or mixtures thereof. 96. The method of claim 83, wherein the forest fire retardant composition comprises a long a long-term fire retardant; wherein: the long-term fire retardant has a viscosity between 150 cP and 1500 cP; and the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rates of 2.0 mils-per-year for aluminum, 5.0 mils-per-year for iron, and 5.0 mils-per-year for brass. 97. The method of claim 96, wherein the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rate of 4.0 mils-per-year for magnesium. 98. The method of claim 96, wherein the viscosity is between 150 cP and 400 cP. 99. The method of claim 96, wherein the viscosity is between 401 cP and 800 cP. 100. The method of claim 96, wherein the viscosity is between 801 cP and 1500 cP. 101. A method of manufacture, the method comprising: combining the following components to form a forest fire retardant composition: (i) a retardant compound comprising potassium acetate; (ii) a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of iron, brass, aluminum, or magnesium present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of 0.05% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; and (iii) a thickening agent, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.4% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; wherein the components are batch mixed or continuously mixed in a tumbler. 102. The method of claim 101, wherein the components further comprise a colorant. 103. The method of claim 101, wherein the components further comprise an inorganic pigment. 104. The method of claim 101, wherein the components further comprise a buffering agent. 105. The method of claim 101, wherein the components further comprise a mineral oil. 106. The method of claim 101, wherein the components further comprise a glow-in-the-dark additive. 107. The method of claim 101, wherein the retardant compound further comprises at least one of potassium formate (HCO2K), potassium acetate hydrate (CH3COOK(H2O)x), potasium propanoate (C3H5KO2), potassium butanoate (C4H7KO2), potassium lactate (KC3H5O3), potassium oxalate (C2K2O4), potassium oxalate monohydrate (C2K2O4(H2O)1), monopotassium malate (C4H5KO5), potassium glutamate (C5H8KNO4), potassium glutamate monohydrate (C5H8KNO4(H2O)1), potassium L-glutamate monohydrate (KOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH(H2O)1), monopotassium tartrate (C4H5KO6), potassium urate (C5H3KN4O3), dipotassium malate (C4H4K2O5), dipotassium tartrate (C4H4K2O6), monopotassium citrate (KH2C6H5O7), potassium gluconate (C6H11KO7), dipotassium citrate (C6H6K2O7), tripotassium citrate (K3C6H5O7 ), or tripotassium citrate monohydrate (K3C6H5O7(H2O)1). 108. The method of claim 107, wherein the CH3COOK(H2O)x comprises at least one of CH3COOK(H2O)1, CH3COOK(H2O)3, or mixtures thereof. 109. The method of claim 101, wherein the retardant compound further comprises at least one of potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4), potassium ammonium phosphate (K2NH4PO4), dipotasium phosphate (K2HPO4), dipotasium phosphate hydrate (K2HPO4(H2O)x), tripotassium phosphate (K3PO4), tripotassium phosphate hydrate (K3PO4(H2O)x), tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K4P2O7), potassium bisulfate (KHSO4), potassium ammonium sulfate (H4KNO4S), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), diammonium phosphate, or diammonium orthophosphate. 110. The method of claim 109, wherein the K2HPO4(H2O)x comprises at least one of K2HPO4(H2O)3, K2HPO4(H2O)6, or mixtures thereof. 111. The method of claim 109, wherein the K3PO4(H2O)x comprises at least one of K3PO4(H2O)3, K3PO4(H2O)7, K3PO4(H2O)9, or mixtures thereof. 112. The method of claim 101, wherein the step of combining forms a dry concentrate having no more than about 3% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate. 113. The method of claim 112, further comprising diluting the dry concentrate in water to form a final diluted product, wherein the retardant compound is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 8% to about 15% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product. 114. The method of claim 101, wherein: the step of combining forms a liquid concentrate further comprising water; and the retardant compound and the water are collectively present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 85% to about 99% relative to the total weight of the liquid concentrate. 115. The method of claim 114, further comprising the step of diluting the liquid concentrate in water to form a final diluted product, wherein the retardant compound is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 8% to about 15% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product. 116. A method of manufacture, the method comprising: receiving the forest fire retardant composition made by the method of claim 101; and diluting the composition with water to form a final diluted product, wherein the retardant compound is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 8% to about 15% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product. 117. The method of claim 116, wherein the final diluted product comprises a long a long-term fire retardant; wherein: the long-term fire retardant has a viscosity between 150 cP and 1500 cP; and the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rates of 2.0 mils-per-year for aluminum, 5.0 mils-per-year for iron, and 5.0 mils-per-year for brass. 118. The method of claim 117, wherein the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rate of 4.0 mils-per-year for magnesium. 119. The method of claim 117, wherein the viscosity is between 150 cP and 400 cP. 120. The method of claim 117, wherein the viscosity is between 401 cP and 800 cP. 121. The method of claim 117, wherein the viscosity is between 801 cP and 1500 cP. 122. A forest fire retardant composition, comprising: a retardant compound comprising at least one potassium salt of an acid; and a thickening agent, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.4% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition. 123. The composition of claim 122, wherein the acid comprises an organic acid. 124. The composition of claim 123, wherein the organic acid comprises at least one of formic acid, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, uric acid, malic acid, or citric acid. 125. The composition of claim 124, wherein the retardant compound comprises at least one of potassium formate (HCO2K), potassium acetate (CH3COOK), potassium acetate hydrate (CH3COOK(H2O)x), potasium propanoate (C3H5KO2), potassium butanoate (C4H7KO2), potassium lactate (KC3H5O3), potassium oxalate (C2K2O4), potassium oxalate monohydrate (C2K2O4(H2O)1), monopotassium malate (C4H5KO5), potassium glutamate (C5H8KNO4), potassium glutamate monohydrate (C5H8KNO4(H2O)1), potassium L-glutamate monohydrate (KOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH(H2O)1), monopotassium tartrate (C4H5KO6), potassium urate (C5H3KN4O3), dipotassium malate (C4H4K2O5), dipotassium tartrate (C4H4K2O6), monopotassium citrate (KH2C6H5O7), potassium gluconate (C6H11KO7), dipotassium citrate (C6H6K2O7), tripotassium citrate (K3C6H5O7 ), or tripotassium citrate monohydrate (K3C6H5O7(H2O)1). 126. The composition of claim 125, wherein the CH3COOK(H2O)x comprises at least one of CH3COOK(H2O)1, CH3COOK(H2O)3, or mixtures thereof. 127. The composition of claim 122, wherein the acid comprises an inorganic acid. 128. The composition of claim 127, wherein the inorganic acid comprises at least one of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, or hydrochloric acid. 129. The composition of claim 128, wherein the retardant compound comprises at least one of potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4), potassium ammonium phosphate (K2NH4PO4), dipotasium phosphate (K2HPO4), dipotasium phosphate hydrate (K2HPO4(H2O)x), tripotassium phosphate (K3PO4), tripotassium phosphate hydrate (K3PO4(H2O)x), tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K4P2O7), potassium bisulfate (KHSO4), potassium ammonium sulfate (H4KNO4S), or potassium sulfate (K2SO4). 130. The composition of claim 129, wherein the K2HPO4(H2O)x comprises at least one of K2HPO4(H2O)3, K2HPO4(H2O)6, or mixtures thereof. 131. The composition of claim 129, wherein the K3PO4(H2O)x comprises at least one of K3PO4(H2O)3, K3PO4(H2O)7, K3PO4(H2O)9, or mixtures thereof. 132. The composition of claim 122, further comprising a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of iron, brass, aluminum, or magnesium present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.05% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition. 133. The composition of claim 132, wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises at least one of: an alkyl amine; an azole; iron pyrophosphate; disodium molybdate; sodium lauryl sulfate; or sodium stearate. 134. The composition of claim 122, wherein the thickening agent comprises at least one of a polyurethane, a polyvinyl alcohol, an acrylic polymer, a gum, a cellulosic, a sulfonate, a saccharide, a clay, an organosilicone, or a protein. 135. The composition of claim 122, wherein the thickening agent comprises at least one polysaccharide gum. 136. The composition of claim 122, further comprising a colorant. 137. The composition of claim 136, wherein the colorant comprises at least one of a red dye, an orange dye, a purple dye, a pink dye, Iron Oxide, Iron Oxide Black, or a fluorescent pigment. 138. The composition of claim 136, wherein the colorant is present in the composition in a weight percent of about 0.3% to about 10% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition. 139. The composition of claim 122, further comprising an inorganic pigment. 140. The composition of claim 139, wherein the inorganic pigment is present in the composition in a weight percent of about 0.02% to about 4.0% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition. 141. The composition of claim 139, wherein the inorganic pigment comprises at least one of iron oxide, titania, or titanium. 142. The composition of claim 122, further comprising a buffering agent. 143. The composition of claim 142, wherein the buffering agent is present in the composition in a weight percent of about 0.3% to about 40% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition. 144. The composition of claim 142, wherein the buffering agent comprises at least one of an organic amine, a strong acid, a weak acid, a strong base, a weak base, triethanolamine (C6H15NO3), low freeze grade triethanolamine, diethanolamine, monoethanolamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, ethylene diamine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, DABCO, N-methyl pyrrolidine, N-methylpyrrolidone, quinuclidine, diisoropryopylamine, diisopropylmethylamine, methyl piperidine, N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]glycine, 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol, or 3- (diethylamino)-1,2, propanediol, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate(s), trisodium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate hydrate(s), tripotassium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate hydrate(s), monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, triammonium phosphate, triammonium phosphate hydrate(s), sodium ammonium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate, monopotassium citrate (KH2C6H5O7), potassium gluconate (C6H11KO7), dipotassium citrate (C6H6K2O7), tripotassium citrate (K3C6H5O7 ), or tripotassium citrate monohydrate (K3C6H5O7(H2O)1). 145. The composition of claim 122, further comprising at least two potassium salts of an acid. 146. The composition of claim 145, wherein the at least two potassium salts of an acid comprise a potassium salt of an organic acid and a potassium salt of an inorganic acid. 147. The composition of claim 122, further comprising at least one of a spoilage inhibitor, an anti-caking agent, a flow conditioner, an anti-foaming agent, a foaming agent, a stability additive, a biocide, a second thickening agent, a surfactant, an adjuvant, a second corrosion inhibitor, an opacifier, a second colorant, a liquid carrier, or a deduster. 148. The composition of claim 122, wherein the composition is a dry concentrate having no more than about 3% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate. 149. The composition of claim 148, wherein the retardant compound is present in the dry concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 64% to about 98.5% relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate. 150. The composition of claim 122, wherein: the composition is a liquid concentrate further comprising water; and the retardant compound is present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 15% to about 85% relative to the total weight of the liquid concentrate. 151. The composition of claim 122, further comprising water; wherein: the composition is a final diluted product intended for use to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires; and the retardant compound is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 6% to about 23% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product. 152. The composition of claim 151, wherein: the final diluted product is a long-term fire retardant; the long-term fire retardant has a viscosity between 150 cP and 1500 cP; and the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rates of 2.0 mils-per-year for aluminum, 5.0 mils-per-year for iron, and 5.0 mils-per-year for brass. 153. The composition of claim 152, wherein the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rate of 4.0 mils-per-year for magnesium. 154. The composition of claim 152, wherein the viscosity is between 150 cP and 400 cP. 155. The composition of claim 152, wherein the viscosity is between 401 cP and 800 cP. 156. The composition of claim 152, wherein the viscosity is between 801 cP and 1500 cP. 157. A method of combating a forest fire, the method comprising: depositing, via aerial or ground-based application, a forest fire retardant composition comprising: a retardant compound comprising at least one potassium salt of an acid; a thickening agent, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.4% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; and water; wherein the step of depositing comprises at least one of (a) a direct attack on the forest fire or (b) an indirect attack before the forest fire. 158. The method of claim 157, wherein the step of depositing is performed via aerial application from an airplane or helicopter. 159. The method of claim 157, wherein the step of depositing is performed via ground application from a truck. 160. The method of claim 157, wherein the forest fire retardant composition further comprises a corrosion inhibitor. 161. The method of claim 157, wherein the forest fire retardant composition further comprises a colorant. 162. The method of claim 157, wherein the forest fire retardant composition further comprises an inorganic pigment. 163. The method of claim 157, wherein the forest fire retardant composition further comprises a buffering agent. 164. The method of claim 157, wherein the forest fire retardant composition further comprises a mineral oil. 165. The method of claim 157, wherein the forest fire retardant composition further comprises a glow-in-the-dark additive. 166. The method of claim 157, wherein the acid comprises an organic acid. 167. The method of claim 166, wherein the organic acid comprises at least one of formic acid, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, uric acid, malic acid, or citric acid. 168. The method of claim 157, wherein the acid comprises an inorganic acid. 169. The method of claim 168, wherein the inorganic acid comprises at least one of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, or hydrochloric acid. 170. The method of claim 157, wherein the forest fire retardant composition comprises a long a long-term fire retardant; wherein: the long-term fire retardant has a viscosity between 150 cP and 1500 cP; and the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rates of 2.0 mils-per-year for aluminum, 5.0 mils-per-year for iron, and 5.0 mils-per-year for brass. 171. The method of claim 170, wherein the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rate of 4.0 mils-per-year for magnesium. 172. The method of claim 170, wherein the viscosity is between 150 cP and 400 cP. 173. The method of claim 170, wherein the viscosity is between 401 cP and 800 cP. 174. The method of claim 170, wherein the viscosity is between 801 cP and 1500 cP. 175. A method of manufacture, the method comprising: combining the following components to form a forest fire retardant composition: (i) a retardant compound comprising at least one potassium salt of an acid; and (ii) a thickening agent, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.4% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; wherein the components are batch mixed or continuously mixed in a tumbler. 176. The method of claim 175, wherein the components further comprise a corrosion inhibitor. 177. The method of claim 175, wherein the components further comprise a colorant. 178. The method of claim 175, wherein the components further comprise an inorganic pigment. 179. The method of claim 175, wherein the components further comprise a buffering agent. 180. The method of claim 175, wherein the components further comprise a mineral oil. 181. The method of claim 175, wherein the components further comprise a glow-in-the-dark additive. 182. The method of claim 175, wherein the acid comprises an organic acid. 183. The method of claim 182, wherein the organic acid comprises at least one of formic acid, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, uric acid, malic acid, or citric acid. 184. The method of claim 175, wherein the acid comprises an inorganic acid. 185. The method of claim 184, wherein the inorganic acid comprises at least one of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, or hydrochloric acid. 186. The method of claim 175, wherein the step of combining forms a dry concentrate having no more than about 3% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate. 187. The method of claim 186, further comprising diluting the dry concentrate in water to form a final diluted product, wherein the retardant compound is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 8% to about 15% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product. 188. The method of claim 175, wherein: the step of combining forms a liquid concentrate further comprising water; and the retardant compound and the water are collectively present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 85% to about 99% relative to the total weight of the liquid concentrate. 189. The method of claim 188, further comprising the step of diluting the liquid concentrate in water to form a final diluted product, wherein the retardant compound is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 8% to about 15% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product. 190. A method of manufacture, the method comprising: receiving the forest fire retardant composition made by the method of claim 175; and diluting the composition with water to form a final diluted product, wherein the retardant compound is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 8% to about 15% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product. 191. The method of claim 190, wherein the final diluted product comprises a long a long-term fire retardant; wherein: the long-term fire retardant has a viscosity between 150 cP and 1500 cP; and the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rates of 2.0 mils-per-year for aluminum, 5.0 mils-per-year for iron, and 5.0 mils-per-year for brass. 192. The method of claim 191, wherein the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rate of 4.0 mils-per-year for magnesium. 193. The method of claim 191, wherein the viscosity is between 150 cP and 400 cP. 194. The method of claim 191, wherein the viscosity is between 401 cP and 800 cP. 195. The method of claim 191, wherein the viscosity is between 801 cP and 1500 cP. 196. A forest fire retardant composition, comprising: a retardant compound comprising potassium bicarbonate; a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of iron, brass, aluminum, or magnesium present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.05% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; a thickening agent, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.4% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; and a colorant, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.3% to about 10% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition. 197. The composition of claim 196, wherein the retardant compound further comprises at least one of dipotassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, diammonium orthophosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, or trisodium phosphate. 198. The composition of claim 196, wherein the retardant compound further comprises at least one of potassium acetate or potassium acetate hydrate. 199. The composition of claim 196, wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises at least one of an azole, an alkyl amine, iron pyrophosphate, or disodium molybdate . 200. The composition of claim 196, wherein the thickening agent comprises at least one of a polyurethane, a polyvinyl alcohol, an acrylic polymer, a gum, a cellulosic, a sulfonate, a saccharide, a clay, an organosilicone, or a protein. 201. The composition of claim 196, wherein the thickening agent comprises at least one polysaccharide gum. 202. The composition of claim 196, wherein the colorant comprises at least one of a red dye, an orange dye, a purple dye, a pink dye, Iron Oxide, Iron Oxide Black, or a fluorescent pigment. 203. The composition of claim 196, further comprising a buffering agent. 204. The composition of claim 203, wherein the buffering agent is present in the composition in a weight percent of about 0.3% to about 40% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition. 205. The composition of claim 203, wherein the buffering agent comprises at least one of an organic amine, a strong acid, a weak acid, a strong base, a weak base, triethanolamine (C6H15NO3), low freeze grade triethanolamine, diethanolamine, monoethanolamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, ethylene diamine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, DABCO, N-methyl pyrrolidine, N-methylpyrrolidone, quinuclidine, diisoropryopylamine, diisopropylmethylamine, methyl piperidine, N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]glycine, 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol, or 3- (diethylamino)-1,2, propanediol, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate(s), trisodium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate hydrate(s), tripotassium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate hydrate(s), monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, triammonium phosphate, triammonium phosphate hydrate(s), sodium ammonium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate, monopotassium citrate (KH2C6H5O7), potassium gluconate (C6H11KO7), dipotassium citrate (C6H6K2O7), tripotassium citrate (K3C6H5O7 ), or tripotassium citrate monohydrate (K3C6H5O7(H2O)1). 206. The composition of claim 196, further comprising at least one of a spoilage inhibitor, an anti-caking agent, a flow conditioner, an anti-foaming agent, a foaming agent, a stability additive, a biocide, a second thickening agent, a surfactant, an adjuvant, a second corrosion inhibitor, an opacifier, a second colorant, a liquid carrier, or a deduster. 207. The composition of claim 196, wherein the composition is a dry concentrate having no more than about 3% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate. 208. The composition of claim 207, wherein the retardant compound is present in the dry concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 64% to about 98.5% relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate. 209. The composition of claim 196, further comprising water; wherein: the composition is a final diluted product intended for use to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires; and the retardant compound is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 7% to about 30% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product. 210. The composition of claim 209, wherein: the final diluted product is a long-term fire retardant; the long-term fire retardant has a viscosity between 150 cP and 1500 cP; and the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rates of 2.0 mils-per-year for aluminum, 5.0 mils-per-year for iron, and 5.0 mils-per-year for brass. 211. The composition of claim 210, wherein the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rate of 4.0 mils-per-year for magnesium. 212. The composition of claim 210, wherein the viscosity is between 150 cP and 400 cP. 213. The composition of claim 210, wherein the viscosity is between 401 cP and 800 cP. 214. The composition of claim 210, wherein the viscosity is between 801 cP and 1500 cP. 215. A method of combating a forest fire, the method comprising: depositing, via aerial or ground-based application, a forest fire retardant composition comprising: a retardant compound comprising potassium bicarbonate; a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of iron, brass, aluminum, or magnesium present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.05% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; a thickening agent, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.4% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; a colorant, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.3% to about 10% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; and water; wherein the step of depositing comprises at least one of (a) a direct attack on the forest fire or (b) an indirect attack before the forest fire. 216. The method of claim 215, wherein the step of depositing is performed via aerial application from an airplane or helicopter. 217. The method of claim 215, wherein the step of depositing is performed via ground application from a truck. 218. The method of claim 215, wherein the retardant compound further comprises at least one of dipotassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, diammonium orthophosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, or trisodium phosphate. 219. The method of claim 215, wherein the retardant compound further comprises at least one of one of potassium acetate or potassium acetate hydrate. 220. The method of claim 215, wherein the forest fire retardant composition further comprises a buffering agent. 221. The method of claim 215, wherein: the forest fire retardant composition comprises a long-term fire retardant; the long-term fire retardant has a viscosity between 150 cP and 1500 cP; and the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rates of 2.0 mils-per-year for aluminum, 5.0 mils-per-year for iron, and 5.0 mils-per-year for brass. 222. The method of claim 221, wherein the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rate of 4.0 mils-per-year for magnesium. 223. The method of claim 221, wherein the viscosity is between 150 cP and 400 cP. 224. The method of claim 221, wherein the viscosity is between 401 cP and 800 cP. 225. The method of claim 221, wherein the viscosity is between 801 cP and 1500 cP. 226. A method of manufacture, the method comprising: combining the following components to form a forest fire retardant composition: (i) a retardant compound comprising potassium bicarbonate; (ii) inhibitor for at least one of iron, brass, aluminum, or magnesium present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.05% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; and (ii) a thickening agent, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.4% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; wherein the components are batch mixed or continuously mixed in a tumbler. 227. The method of claim 226, wherein the components further comprise a colorant. 228. The method of claim 226, wherein the components further comprise an inorganic pigment. 229. The method of claim 226, wherein the components further comprise a buffering agent. 230. The method of claim 226, wherein the components further comprise a mineral oil. 231. The method of claim 226, wherein the components further comprise a glow-in-the-dark additive. 232. The method of claim 226, wherein the retardant compound further comprises at least one of dipotassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, diammonium orthophosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, or trisodium phosphate. 233. The method of claim 226, wherein the retardant compound further comprises at least one of potassium acetate or potassium acetate hydrate. 234. The method of claim 226, wherein the step of combining forms a dry concentrate having no more than about 3% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate. 235. The method of claim 234, further comprising diluting the dry concentrate in water to form a final diluted product, wherein the retardant compound is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 8% to about 15% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product. 236. The method of claim 226, wherein: the step of combining forms a liquid concentrate further comprising water; and the retardant compound and the water are collectively present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 85% to about 99% relative to the total weight of the liquid concentrate. 237. The method of claim 236, further comprising the step of diluting the liquid concentrate in water to form a final diluted product, wherein the retardant compound is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 8% to about 15% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product. 238. A method of manufacture, the method comprising: receiving the forest fire retardant composition made by the method of claim 226; and diluting the composition with water to form a final diluted product, wherein the retardant compound is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 8% to about 15% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product. 239. The method of claim 238, wherein the final diluted product comprises a long a long-term fire retardant; wherein: the long-term fire retardant has a viscosity between 150 cP and 1500 cP; and the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rates of 2.0 mils-per-year for aluminum, 5.0 mils-per-year for iron, and 5.0 mils-per-year for brass. 240. The method of claim 239, wherein the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rate of 4.0 mils-per-year for magnesium. 241. The method of claim 239, wherein the viscosity is between 150 cP and 400 cP. 242. The method of claim 239, wherein the viscosity is between 401 cP and 800 cP. 243. The method of claim 239, wherein the viscosity is between 801 cP and 1500 cP. |
[0099] In Example 1, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 2.28 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 1 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 3 below. The values in Table 3 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 1 final diluted product 103 is about 10% to 30% by weight in water, preferably about 12% to 28%, more preferably about 14% to 26%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 1 final diluted product 103 is about 20% ±1.0%. [0100] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 1 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 1.0 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 1 may be in the range of about 6.0 to about 7.0, for example about 6.48. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 1 may be in the range of about 250 cP to about 350 cP, for example about 321 cP. [0101] Example 2 [0102] In Example 2, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 4 below. The values in Table 4 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0103] In Example 2, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.69 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 2 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 5 below. The values in Table 5 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 2 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 2 final diluted product 103 is about 15.6% ±1.0%.
[0104] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 2 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 1.0 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 2 may be in the range of about 6.0 to about 7.0, for example about 6.55. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 2 may be in the range of about 250 cP to about 350 cP, for example about 321 cP. [0105] Example 3 [0106] In Example 3, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 6 below. The values in Table 6 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0107] In Example 3, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.04 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 3 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 7 below. The values in Table 7 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 3 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 20% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 18%, more preferably about 7% to 16%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 3 final diluted product 103 is about 10% ±1.0%. [0108] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 3 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 1.0 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 3 may be in the range of about 6.0 to about 7.0, for example about 6.41. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 3 may be in the range of about 250 cP to about 350 cP, for example about 291 cP. [0109] Example 4 [0110] In Example 4, a liquid concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 8 below. The values in Table 8 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0111] In Example 4, the final diluted product 202 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.52 pounds of the liquid concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 4 final diluted product 202 are listed in Table 9 below. The values in Table 9 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 4 final diluted product 202 is about 5% to 20% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 18%, more preferably about 7% to 16%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 4 final diluted product 202 is about 10.8% ±1.0%.
[0112] The density of the final diluted product 202 of Example 4 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 4 may be in the range of about 6.2 to about 7.2, for example about 6.8. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 4 may be in the range of about 150 cP to about 250 cP, for example about 166 cP. [0113] Example 5 [0114] In Example 5, a liquid concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 10 below. The values in Table 10 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0115] In Example 5, the final diluted product 202 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.67 pounds of the liquid concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 5 final diluted product 202 are listed in Table 11 below. The values in Table 11 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 5 final diluted product 202 is about 5% to 20% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 18%, more preferably about 7% to 16%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 5 final diluted product 202 is about 10% ±1.0%. [0116] The density of the final diluted product 202 of Example 5 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 5 may be in the range of about 6.5 to about 7.5, for example about 7.22. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 5 may be in the range of about 150 cP to about 250 cP, for example about 193 cP. [0117] Example 6 [0118] In Example 6, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 12 below. The values in Table 12 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0119] In Example 6, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.03 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 6 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 13 below. The values in Table 13 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 6 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 6 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%.
[0120] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 6 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.1 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 6 may be in the range of about 8.0 to about 9.0, for example about 8.6. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 6 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 256 cP. [0121] Example 7 [0122] In Example 7, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 14 below. The values in Table 14 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0123] In Example 7, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.13 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 7 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 15 below. The values in Table 15 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 7 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 7 final diluted product 103 is about 11.0% ±1.0%. [0124] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 7 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.1 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 7 may be in the range of about 7.5 to about 8.5, for example about 8.2. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 7 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 221.5 cP. [0125] Example 8 [0126] In Example 8, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 16 below. The values in Table 16 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0127] In Example 8, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.24 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 8 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 17 below. The values in Table 17 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 8 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 8 final diluted product 103 is about 12.0% ±1.0%.
[0128] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 8 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.1 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 8 may be in the range of about 7.5 to about 8.5, for example about 8.1. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 8 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 245 cP.1 [0129] Example 9 [0130] In Example 9, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 18 below. The values in Table 18 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0131] In Example 9, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.03 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 9 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 19 below. The values in Table 19 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 9 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 9 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0132] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 9 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.1 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 9 may be in the range of about 7.5 to about 8.5, for example about 8.1. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 9 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 239 cP. [0133] Example 10 [0134] In Example 10, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 20 below. The values in Table 20 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0135] In Example 10, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.24 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 10 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 21 below. The values in Table 21 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 10 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 10 final diluted product 103 is about 12.0% ±1.0%.
[0136] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 10 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.1 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 10 may be in the range of about 8.0 to about 9.0, for example about 8.3. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 10 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 245 cP. [0137] Example 11 [0138] In Example 11, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 22 below. The values in Table 22 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0139] In Example 11, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.13 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 11 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 23 below. The values in Table 23 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 11 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 11 final diluted product 103 is about 11.0% ±1.0%. [0140] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 11 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.4 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 11 may be in the range of about 8.5 to about 9.5, for example about 8.98. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 11 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 242 cP. [0141] Example 12 [0142] In Example 12, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 24 below. The values in Table 24 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0143] In Example 12, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.13 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 12 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 25 below. The values in Table 25 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 12 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 12 final diluted product 103 is about 11.0% ±1.0%.
[0144] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 12 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 12 may be in the range of about 7.0 to about 8.0, for example about 7.69. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 12 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 256 cP. [0145] Example 13 [0146] In Example 13, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 26 below. The values in Table 26 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0147] In Example 13, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.11 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 13 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 27 below. The values in Table 27 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 13 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 13 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0148] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 13 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.1 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 13 may be in the range of about 8.0 to about 9.0, for example about 8.49. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 13 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 229 cP. [0149] Example 14 [0150] In Example 14, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 28 below. The values in Table 28 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0151] In Example 14, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.10 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 14 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 29 below. The values in Table 29 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 14 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 14 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%.
[0152] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 14 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.1 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 14 may be in the range of about 6.5 to about 7.5, for example about 7.1. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 14 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 224 cP. [0153] Example 15 [0154] In Example 15, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 30 below. The values in Table 30 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0155] In Example 15, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.13 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 15 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 31 below. The values in Table 31 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 15 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 15 final diluted product 103 is about 11.0% ±1.0%. [0156] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 15 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 15 may be in the range of about 8.0 to about 9.0, for example about 8.8. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 15 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 240 cP. [0157] Example 16 [0158] In Example 16, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 32 below. The values in Table 32 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0159] In Example 16, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.02 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 16 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 33 below. The values in Table 33 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 16 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 16 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%.
[0160] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 16 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 16 may be in the range of about 8.0 to about 9.0, for example about 8.6. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 16 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 228 cP. [0161] Example 17 [0162] In Example 17, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 34 below. The values in Table 34 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0163] In Example 17, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.02 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 17 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 35 below. The values in Table 35 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 17 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 17 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0164] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 17 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 17 may be in the range of about 8.0 to about 9.0, for example about 8.6. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 17 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 223 cP. [0165] Example 18 [0166] In Example 18, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 36 below. The values in Table 36 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%.
[0167] In Example 18, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.03 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 18 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 37 below. The values in Table 37 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 18 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 18 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0168] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 18 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.1 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 18 may be in the range of about 11.0 to about 12.0, for example about 11.8. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 18 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 210 cP. [0169] Example 19 [0170] In Example 19, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 38 below. The values in Table 38 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0171] In Example 19, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.03 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 19 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 39 below. The values in Table 39 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 19 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 19 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%.
[0172] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 19 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.1 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 19 may be in the range of about 9.5 to about 10.5, for example about 9.8. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 19 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 217 cP. [0173] Example 20 [0174] In Example 20, a liquid concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 40 below. The values in Table 40 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0175] In Example 20, the final diluted product 202 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.92 pounds of the liquid concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 20 final diluted product 202 are listed in Table 41 below. The values in Table 41 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 20 final diluted product 202 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 20 final diluted product 202 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0176] The density of the final diluted product 202 of Example 20 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.1 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 202 of Example 20 may be in the range of about 8.0 to about 9.0, for example about 8.5. The viscosity of the final diluted product 202 of Example 20 may be in the range of about 100 cP to about 200 cP, for example about 160 cP. [0177] Example 21 [0178] In Example 21, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 42 below. The values in Table 42 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0179] In Example 21, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.08 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 21 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 43 below. The values in Table 43 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 21 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 21 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%.
[0180] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 21 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.1 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 21 may be in the range of about 8.0 to about 9.0, for example about 8.6. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 21 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 214 cP. [0181] Example 22 [0182] In Example 22, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 44 below. The values in Table 44 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0183] In Example 22, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.02 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 22 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 45 below. The values in Table 45 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 22 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 22 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0184] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 22 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 22 may be in the range of about 8.0 to about 9.0, for example about 8.7. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 22 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 225 cP. [0185] Example 23 [0186] In Example 23, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 46 below. The values in Table 46 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%.
[0187] In Example 23, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.02 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 23 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 47 below. The values in Table 47 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 23 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 23 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0188] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 23 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 23 may be in the range of about 5.0 to about 6.0, for example about 5.9. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 23 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 227 cP. [0189] Example 24 [0190] In Example 24, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 48 below. The values in Table 48 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0191] In Example 24, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.13 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 24 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 49 below. The values in Table 49 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 24 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 24 final diluted product 103 is about 11.0% ±1.0%.
[0192] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 24 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 24 may be in the range of about 5.0 to about 6.0, for example about 5.4. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 24 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 239 cP. [0193] Example 25 [0194] In Example 25, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 50 below. The values in Table 50 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0195] In Example 25, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.13 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 25 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 51 below. The values in Table 51 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 25 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 25 final diluted product 103 is about 11.0% ±1.0%. [0196] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 25 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 25 may be in the range of about 4.5 to about 5.5, for example about 4.5. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 25 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 239 cP. [0197] Example 26 [0198] In Example 26, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 52 below. The values in Table 52 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0199] In Example 26, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.02 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 26 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 53 below. The values in Table 53 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 26 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 26 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%.
[0200] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 26 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 26 may be in the range of about 5.5 to about 6.5, for example about 5.8. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 26 may be in the range of about 150 cP to about 250 cP, for example about 214 cP. [0201] Example 27 [0202] In Example 27, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 54 below. The values in Table 54 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0203] In Example 27, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.02 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 27 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 55 below. The values in Table 55 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 27 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 27 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0204] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 27 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 27 may be in the range of about 6.0 to about 7.0, for example about 6.3. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 27 may be in the range of about 150 cP to about 250 cP, for example about 220 cP. [0205] Example 28 [0206] In Example 28, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 56 below. The values in Table 56 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%.
[0207] In Example 28, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.02 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 28 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 57 below. The values in Table 57 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 28 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 28 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0208] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 28 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 28 may be in the range of about 8.0 to about 9.0, for example about 8.7. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 28 may be in the range of about 150 cP to about 250 cP, for example about 213 cP. [0209] Example 29 [0210] In Example 29, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 58 below. The values in Table 58 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0211] In Example 29, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.02 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 29 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 59 below. The values in Table 59 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 29 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 29 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%.
[0212] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 29 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 29 may be in the range of about 8.0 to about 9.0, for example about 8.7. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 29 may be in the range of about 150 cP to about 250 cP, for example about 215 cP. [0213] Example 30 [0214] In Example 30, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 60 below. The values in Table 60 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0215] In Example 30, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.06 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 30 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 61 below. The values in Table 61 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 30 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 30 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0216] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 30 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 30 may be in the range of about 8.0 to about 9.0, for example about 8.6. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 30 may be in the range of about 600 cP to about 700 cP, for example about 638 cP. [0217] Example 31 [0218] In Example 31, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 62 below. The values in Table 62 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0219] In Example 31, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.04 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 31 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 63 below. The values in Table 63 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 31 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 31 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%.
[0220] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 31 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 31 may be in the range of about 8.0 to about 9.0, for example about 8.7. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 31 may be in the range of about 150 cP to about 250 cP, for example about 221 cP. [0221] Example 32 [0222] In Example 32, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 64 below. The values in Table 64 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0223] In Example 32, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.03 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 32 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 65 below. The values in Table 65 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 32 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 32 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0224] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 32 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 32 may be in the range of about 8.5 to about 9.5, for example about 8.8. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 32 may be in the range of about 800 cP to about 900 cP, for example about 874 cP. [0225] Example 33 [0226] In Example 33, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 66 below. The values in Table 66 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%.
[0227] In Example 33, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 0.99 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 33 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 67 below. The values in Table 67 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 33 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 33 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0228] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 33 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 33 may be in the range of about 7.5 to about 8.5, for example about 8.2. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 33 may be in the range of about 150 cP to about 250 cP, for example about 203 cP. [0229] Example 34 [0230] In Example 34, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 68 below. The values in Table 68 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0231] In Example 34, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.02 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 34 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 69 below. The values in Table 69 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 34 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 34 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0232] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 34 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 34 may be in the range of about 7.5 to about 8.5, for example about 7.9. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 34 may be in the range of about 150 cP to about 250 cP, for example about 210 cP. [0233] Example 35 [0234] In Example 35, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 70 below. The values in Table 70 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0235] In Example 35, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.02 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 35 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 71 below. The values in Table 71 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 35 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 35 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0236] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 35 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 35 may be in the range of about 7.5 to about 8.5, for example about 7.9. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 35 may be in the range of about 150 cP to about 250 cP, for example about 211 cP. [0237] Example 36 [0238] In Example 36, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 72 below. The values in Table 72 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0239] In Example 36, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.20 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 36 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 73 below. The values in Table 73 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 36 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 36 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0240] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 36 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 36 may be in the range of about 8.0 to about 9.0, for example about 8.35. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 36 may be in the range of about 100 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 166 cP. [0241] Example 37 [0242] In Example 37, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 74 below. The values in Table 74 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0243] In Example 37, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.02 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 37 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 75 below. The values in Table 75 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 37 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 37 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0244] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 37 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 37 may be in the range of about 8.0 to about 9.0, for example about 8.5. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 37 may be in the range of about 150 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 189 cP. [0245] Example 38 [0246] In Example 38, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 76 below. The values in Table 76 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0247] In Example 38, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.01 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 38 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 77 below. The values in Table 77 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 38 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 38 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0248] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 38 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 38 may be in the range of about 8.0 to about 9.0, for example about 8.6. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 38 may be in the range of about 150 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 190 cP. [0249] Example 39 [0250] In Example 39, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 78 below. The values in Table 78 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0251] In Example 39, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.03 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 39 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 79 below. The values in Table 79 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 39 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 39 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0252] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 39 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 39 may be in the range of about 8.5 to about 9.5, for example about 8.99. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 39 may be in the range of about 150 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 226 cP. [0253] Example 40 [0254] In Example 40, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 80 below. The values in Table 80 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0255] In Example 40, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.02 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 40 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 81 below. The values in Table 81 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 40 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 40 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%.
[0256] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 40 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 40 may be in the range of about 8.0 to about 9.0, for example about 8.45. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 40 may be in the range of about 150 cP to about 300 cP, for example about 187 cP. [0257] Example 41 [0258] In Example 41, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 82 below. The values in Table 82 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0259] In Example 41, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.03 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 41 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 83 below. The values in Table 83 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 41 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 41 final diluted product 103 is about 10.5% ±1.0%. [0260] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 41 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 41 may be in the range of about 8.0 to about 9.0, for example about 8.68. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 41 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 400 cP, for example about 254 cP. [0261] Example 42 [0262] In Example 42, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 84 below. The values in Table 84 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%.
[0263] In Example 42, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.03 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 42 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 85 below. The values in Table 85 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 42 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 42 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0264] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 42 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 42 may be in the range of about 4.0 to about 6.0, for example about 5.0. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 42 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 400 cP, for example about 245 cP. [0265] Example 43 [0266] In Example 43, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 86 below. The values in Table 86 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0267] In Example 43, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.03 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 43 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 87 below. The values in Table 87 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 43 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 43 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%.
[0268] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 43 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 43 may be in the range of about 5.0 to about 7.0, for example about 5.6. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 43 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 400 cP, for example about 262 cP. [0269] Example 44 [0270] In Example 44, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 88 below. The values in Table 88 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0271] In Example 44, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.14 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 44 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 89 below. The values in Table 89 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 44 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 44 final diluted product 103 is about 11.0% ±1.0%. [0272] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 44 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 44 may be in the range of about 6.5 to about 7.5, for example about 6.9. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 44 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 400 cP, for example about 267 cP. [0273] Example 45 [0274] In Example 45, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 90 below. The values in Table 90 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0275] In Example 45, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.01 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 45 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 91 below. The values in Table 91 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 45 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 44 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0276] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 45 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 45 may be in the range of about 8.5 to about 9.5, for example about 9.1. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 45 may be in the range of about 200 cP to about 400 cP, for example about 223 cP. [0277] Example 46 [0278] In Example 46, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 92 below. The values in Table 92 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0279] In Example 46, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.01 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 46 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 93 below. The values in Table 93 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 46 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 46 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0280] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 46 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 46 may be in the range of about 8.5 to about 9.5, for example about 9.2. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 46 may be in the range of about 150 cP to about 400 cP, for example about 209 cP. [0281] Example 47 [0282] In Example 47, a dry concentrate was prepared containing the amounts of ingredients listed in Table 94 below. The values in Table 94 can be varied by ± 0.01%, or ± 0.05%, or ± 0.1%, or ± 0.5%, or ± 1.0%, or ± 1.5%, or ± 2%, or ± 2.5%, or ± 3.0%, or ± 3.5%, or ± 4.0%, or ± 4.5%, or ± 5.0%. [0283] In Example 47, the final diluted product 103 was prepared by mixing approximately 1.02 pounds of the dry concentrate in 1 gallon of water. The amounts of the ingredients in the Example 47 final diluted product 103 are listed in Table 95 below. The values in Table 95 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. The concentration of salt in the Example 47 final diluted product 103 is about 5% to 25% by weight in water, preferably about 6% to 23%, more preferably about 7% to 20%. For example, the weight percent of salt in the Example 47 final diluted product 103 is about 10.0% ±1.0%. [0284] The density of the final diluted product 103 of Example 47 may be in the range of about 0.8 g/mL to about 1.3 g/mL, for example about 0.9 g/mL to about 1.2 g/mL. The pH of the final diluted product 103 of Example 47 may be in the range of about 8.0 to about 9.0, for example about 8.6. The viscosity of the final diluted product 103 of Example 47 may be in the range of about 150 cP to about 400 cP, for example about 218 cP. [0285] Methods of Use [0286] The forest fire retardant compositions of Examples 1–47 may be long-term forest fire retardants and meet one or more of the requirements specified by the Forest Service for long- term fire retardants in Specification 5100–304d (January 7, 2020). For example, the final diluted composition 103 and/or 202 of Examples 1–47 preferably have a viscosity of between about 150 to about 400 cP, or between about 401 to about 800 cP, or between about 801 and about 1500 cP. The final diluted composition 103 and/or 202 of Examples 1–47 preferably have an aluminum corrosion of less than about 2.0 mils/year, preferably less than about 1.0 mils/year, and more preferably less than about 0.5 mils/year. The final diluted composition 103 and/or 202 of Examples 1–47 may also preferably have a steel/iron corrosion of less than about 5.0 mils/year, preferably less than about 4.0 mils/year, more preferably less than about 3.0 mils/year. The final diluted composition 103 and/or 202 of Examples 1–47 may also preferably have a brass corrosion of less than about 5.0 mils/year, preferably less than about 4.0 mils/year, more preferably less than about 3.0 mils/year. The final diluted composition 103 and/or 202 of Examples 1–47 may also preferably have a magnesium corrosion of less than about 4.0 mils/year, preferably less than about 3.0 mils/year, more preferably less than about 2.0 mils/year. The dry concentrates 101 and/or liquid concentrates 102 of Examples 1–47 preferably have a LC 5 0 value of greater than about 200 mg/L, preferably greater than about 400 mg/L, more preferably greater than about 1000 mg/L, more preferably greater than 1500 mg/L. [0287] The forest fire retardant compositions of Examples 1–47 may be used to suppress, retard, or contain a forest fire. The forest fire retardant compositions of Examples 1–47 may form a protective char layer, thereby interfering with the burning process by reducing the amount of energy available for the spread of fire through energy absorption. The forest fire retardant compositions of Examples 1–47 are also deliquescent, absorbing sufficient moisture from the air to form an aqueous solution. The critical relative humidity of potassium salts disclosed herein are listed in Table 96 below. The values in Table 96 can be varied by ±0.01%, or ±0.05%, or ±0.1%, or ±0.5%, or ±1.0%, or ±1.5%, or ±2%, or ±2.5%, or ±3.0%, or ±3.5%, or ±4.0%, or ±4.5%, or ±5.0%. [0288] The larger the difference between the relative humidity of the atmosphere and the critical relative humidity, the faster the water is rehydrated. Generally, the relative humidity on a wildland fire is lowest during the day and recovers during the night. In moderate burning condition, the nighttime relative humidity recovery will rise to 50%-70%. When the critical relative humidity of a retardant formulation is lower than the relative humidity the retardant will absorb moisture from the environment. This is an environmental condition that can occur at night or in early mornings on wildfires, thereby allowing the forest fire retardant compositions of Examples 1–47 to absorb moisture from the air and pull it in to the fuel bed leading to its improved forest fire retardant capabilities. In some embodiments hydrates may form, wherein water molecules are coordinate to salt species in the retardant. As a flame front of a wildfire approaches the retardant, water in the fuels and retardant (both free and coordinated) will be driven off in the form of water vapor. This evaporation process both absorbs energy and cools the flame front and also will dilute the combustion gas near the flame front. [0289] The forest fire retardant compositions of Examples 1–47 may also rely on a vapor phase radical quenching process. The vapor phase radical quenching process reduces combustion radicals in the flame front. By quenching combustion radicals, the system is cooled and the flames are suppressed. The potassium radicals quench combustion radicals normally active in the rapid chain reaction that occurs in the flame front. Thus, the potassium radicals quench the chemical reaction occurring within the flame and either extinguish the fire or slow the spread of the fire such that there is increased escape time or increased time to attempt other means of fire extinction. [0290] In some embodiments the fire retardant compositions of examples 1–47 may also result in an intumescent mechanism, whereby the reactions at the flame front cause a significant char to form, which separates the flame from the underlying fuel and slows the rate of heat transfer. [0291] Direct Attack [0292] In a direct attack, the final diluted composition 103 and/or 202 is applied on the flame front. The final diluted composition 103 and/or 202 is a thickened water retardant which contains water to cool and suppress the fire. Under heat attack from a wildland fire, water in the retardant composition will evaporate to cool and dilute the gases in the flame front, potassium radicals will be released and participate in radical deactivation of the combustion plasma, and for some embodiments a significant char will be formed that will insulate the fuels from the flame front and slow heat transfer. The combination of these mechanisms will result in extinguishing or significant slowing of wildfire in the treated areas. [0293] Indirect Attack [0294] In an indirect attack, the final diluted composition 103 and/or 202 is applied in fire containment lines at a significant distance from the fire line. The indirect fire lines are built, and the fire is allowed to burn into them. The long-term fire retardant must be effective even after the water in the composition has evaporated. In an indirect attack, the final diluted composition 103 and/or 202 is applied to vegetation. The final diluted composition 103 and/or 202 may be hygroscopic and self-rehydrating. As the water in the final diluted composition 103 and/or 202 evaporates, the salt concentration increases until it reaches its saturation level. In some embodiments, when fire the retardant composition dries the fire retardant salts will form salt hydrate complexes wherein water molecules are coordinated to the salt species. Coordinated water in these salt hydrates will need to be driven off by heat, which will result in cooling and dilution of the flame front should a wildfire approach. [0295] Field Handling and Measurement [0296] The forest fire retardant composition of Examples 1–3, 6–19, and 21–47 can be delivered to the field either as the dry concentrate 101, liquid concentrate 102, or as the final diluted composition 103 and/or 202. The forest fire retardant composition of Example 4–5 and 20 can be delivered to the field either as the liquid concentrate 201 or as the final diluted composition 202. The final diluted compositions 103 and/or 202 of Examples 1–47 can be tested prior to application in the field to confirm proper salt content and/or proper N/P molar ratio. A refractometer can be used to test the salt content. Density can also be used to determine the salt content. [0297] Field Mixing Procedures and Ratios [0298] Batch preparation of final diluted composition 202 may be accomplished by slowly feeding the liquid concentrate into a well-stirred mix tank containing a predetermined amount of water. Mix tank agitation may be provided via an overhead mechanical stirring apparatus or alternatively by a circulation pump sized to provide turbulent mixing. Stir until the concentrate is uniformly mixed into the water. Alternatively, the final diluted composition 202 may be mixed using continuous mixing equipment. [0299] Aerial Application [0300] The final diluted composition 103 and/or 202 may be deposited via aerial application from an airplane or helicopter. The airplane may be a fixed-wing multi-engine aircraft, a fixed- wing single engine airtanker (SEAT), a large airtanker (LAT), a very large airtanker (VLAT), or an unmanned aircraft system (UAS). The helicopter may be a fixed-tank helicopter (HF) or it may be a helicopter bucket (HB). The final diluted composition 103 and/or 202 may be deposited in an indirect attack to build a retardant line before a forest fire or directly to a forest fire via aerial application. [0301] In a preferred embodiment, the forest fire retardant compositions of Examples 1–47 may be applied at a coverage level from 1 (gal/100 ft 2 ) to greater than 6 (gal/100 ft 2 ) per USFS guidance as indicated in the USFS Coverage Levels, Ann Suter, Wildland Fire Chemical Systems - MTDC revised November 2, 2006 (available at https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/fire/pubs/pdfpubs/user_gd/ug-06.pdf ), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. For example, the forest fire retardant compositions of Examples 1–47 may be applied at a coverage level 4 Alternatively, the forest fire retardant compositions of Examples 1–47 may be applied at a coverage level of 1, 2, or 3. Alternatively, the forest fire retardant compositions of Examples 1–47 may be applied at a coverage level or 6 or greater than 6. [0302] Ground Application [0303] The final diluted composition 103 and/or 202 may be deposited via ground application from a truck or ground engine (G), sprayers carried by off-road vehicles, garden sprayers, or back-pack style sprayers. The final diluted composition 103 and/or 202 may be deposited in an indirect attack to build a retardant line or protect fuels and structure before a forest fire or it may be deposited directly to a forest fire via ground application. [0304] Clean Up Procedure [0305] The dry concentrate 101 can be cleaned by broom and/or vacuum. The dry concentrate 101 should be kept dry during cleaning to minimize color staining that may occur when the dye is hydrated. When the dry concentrate 101 is exposed to water, the product can be cleaned with the use of a granular chemical absorbent material, or if proper drainage is available, by rinsing surfaces clean with adequate amounts of water. Dye coloration may be removed from surfaces by treatment with liquid or dry detergent. The final diluted composition 103 can be cleaned with soap or liquid detergent and water. The color of the dye can be neutralized by sodium hypochlorite or washed with liquid detergent. [0306] The liquid concentrate 201 can be cleaned by flushing with water and capturing the rinse in a tank or disposal container via drains. The liquid concentrate 201 and the final diluted composition 202 can be cleaned with soap or liquid detergent and water. The color of the dye can be neutralized by a bleaching agent such as sodium hypochlorite or washed with liquid detergent. [0307] Corrosion Testing [0308] In a preferred embodiment, the final diluted composition 103 and/or 202 would meet the corrosion specifications of Specification 5100–304d (January 7, 2020) for aluminum, steel, and brass. For example, in a preferred embodiment the aluminum corrosion is less than about 2.0 mils/year, preferably less than about 1.0 mils/year, and more preferably less than about 0.5 mils/year. In a preferred embodiment, the steel corrosion is less than about 5.0 mils/year, preferably less than about 4.0 mils/year, more preferably less than about 3.0 mils/year. In a preferred embodiment, the brass corrosion is less than about 5.0 mils/year, preferably less than about 4.0 mils/year, more preferably less than about 3.0 mils/year. [0309] In another embodiment, diluted composition 103 and/or 202 would meet the corrosion specifications of Specification 5100–304d (January 7, 2020) for magnesium (only required for fixed tank helicopter applications). For example, the magnesium corrosion is less than about 4.0 mils/year, preferably less than about 3.0 mils/year, more preferably less than about 2.0 mils/year. [0310] Toxicity Testing [0311] In a preferred embodiment, the forest fire retardant compositions of Examples 1–47 would exhibit low toxicity under the USDA Forest Service Standard Test Procedure STP-1.5— Fish Toxicity (available at https://www.fs.usda.gov/rm/fire/wfcs/tests/stp01_5.htm) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances. Fish Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater and Marine; 850.1075, both incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. For example, in a preferred embodiment the LC 5 0 values for the forest fire retardant compositions of Examples 1–47 is greater than about 200 mg/L, preferably greater than about 400 mg/L, more preferably greater than about 1000 mg/L, more preferably greater than 1500 mg/L. [0312] Combustion Retarding Effectiveness Testing [0313] In a preferred embodiment, the final diluted composition 103 and/or 202 would meet the required retarding salt concentration specifications of Specification 5100–304d Section 3.6.2 (January 7, 2020) in any burn tests. For example, the final diluted composition 103 and/or 202 exhibits a reduction index greater or equal to the reduction index of 10.6% diammonium phosphate (DAP). [0314] Conclusion [0315] All parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations described herein are meant to be exemplary and the actual parameters, dimensions, materials, and/or configurations will depend upon the specific application or applications for which the inventive teachings is/are used. It is to be understood that the foregoing embodiments are presented primarily by way of example and that, within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereto, inventive embodiments may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described and claimed. Inventive embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to each individual feature, system, article, material, kit, and/or method described herein. [0316] In addition, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods, if such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods are not mutually inconsistent, is included within the inventive scope of the present disclosure. Other substitutions, modifications, changes, and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of respective elements of the exemplary implementations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The use of a numerical range does not preclude equivalents that fall outside the range that fulfill the same function, in the same way, to produce the same result. [0317] Also, various inventive concepts may be embodied as one or more methods, of which at least one example has been provided. The acts performed as part of the method may in some instances be ordered in different ways. Accordingly, in some inventive implementations, respective acts of a given method may be performed in an order different than specifically illustrated, which may include performing some acts simultaneously (even if such acts are shown as sequential acts in illustrative embodiments). [0318] All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. [0319] All definitions, as defined and used herein, should be understood to control over dictionary definitions, definitions in documents incorporated by reference, and/or ordinary meanings of the defined terms. [0320] The indefinite articles “a” and “an,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, unless clearly indicated to the contrary, should be understood to mean “at least one.” [0321] The phrase “and/or,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, should be understood to mean “either or both” of the elements so conjoined, i.e., elements that are conjunctively present in some cases and disjunctively present in other cases. Multiple elements listed with “and/or” should be construed in the same fashion, i.e., “one or more” of the elements so conjoined. Other elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified by the “and/or” clause, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, a reference to “A and/or B”, when used in conjunction with open-ended language such as “comprising” can refer, in one embodiment, to A only (optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to B only (optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to both A and B (optionally including other elements); etc. [0322] As used herein in the specification and in the claims, “or” should be understood to have the same meaning as “and/or” as defined above. For example, when separating items in a list, “or” or “and/or” shall be interpreted as being inclusive, i.e., the inclusion of at least one, but also including more than one, of a number or list of elements, and, optionally, additional unlisted items. Only terms clearly indicated to the contrary, such as “only one of” or “exactly one of,” or, when used in the claims, “consisting of,” will refer to the inclusion of exactly one element of a number or list of elements. In general, the term “or” as used herein shall only be interpreted as indicating exclusive alternatives (i.e. “one or the other but not both”) when preceded by terms of exclusivity, such as “either,” “one of,” “only one of,” or “exactly one of.” “Consisting essentially of,” when used in the claims, shall have its ordinary meaning as used in the field of patent law. [0323] As used herein in the specification and in the claims, the phrase “at least one,” in reference to a list of one or more elements, should be understood to mean at least one element selected from any one or more of the elements in the list of elements, but not necessarily including at least one of each and every element specifically listed within the list of elements and not excluding any combinations of elements in the list of elements. This definition also allows that elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified within the list of elements to which the phrase “at least one” refers, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, “at least one of A and B” (or, equivalently, “at least one of A or B,” or, equivalently “at least one of A and/or B”) can refer, in one embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, with no B present (and optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, B, with no A present (and optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, and at least one, optionally including more than one, B (and optionally including other elements); etc. [0324] In the claims, as well as in the specification, all transitional phrases such as “comprising,” “including,” “carrying,” “having,” “containing,” “involving,” “holding,” “composed of,” and the like are to be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limited to. Only the transitional phrases “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of” shall be closed or semi-closed transitional phrases, respectively, as set forth in the United States Patent Office Manual of Patent Examining Procedures, Section 2111.03. [0325] In the claims, as well as in the specification, any ingredient listed in an open-ended list of ingredients shall not be negated or avoided by the addition of water or other solvent or reactant that might cause a chemical change to such ingredient. Thus, for example, even though it is known that an anhydrous salt becomes hydrated in the presence of water, the inventors hereby act as their own lexicographers, so that any composition “including” or “comprising” an “anhydrous” salt is intended to cover both a dry composition substantially free of water in which the salt has substantially no water of hydration, as well as any wet composition formed by the addition of water which causes the anhydrous salt to become hydrated (or to undergo some other change). Both before and after the addition of water or other ingredient, the composition shall be regarded, for purposes of the specification and claims, as comprising an “anhydrous” salt irrespective of any hydration, solvation, or other change caused by the addition of water or other ingredient. The same applies for any ingredient recited in an open-ended list which might be chemically changed by the addition of water or other ingredient to the open-ended list.
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