FIELD

[01] The present invention relates to methods and instruments designed in the field of metrology for calibration, and in medicine, and biomedical engineering as instruments for measurement that are used to measure variables inherent to a physical dynamic state of fluid. More particularly, this invention relates to a procedure, and an apparatus for comparative measurements of variables inherent to a physical dynamic state of fluid, being these variables: length, area, volume, force, work, pressure, power, volume with respect to time, frequency and dysrhythmia. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[02] The technical background of the Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid is a device for measuring volume, such as the volumeter invented by Archimedes in 212 A.C., combined with a device for measuring force, such as the dynamometer invented by Isaac Newton in 1700 A.C. These devices are of different essence. [03] The volumeter measures the space that a body occupies, and the dynamometer measures the force or acceleration of a mass. These devices were designed for different solutions in different technical fields. Therefore, their combination could not be deduced from state of the art for more than 300 years to provide a utility, even though the utilities are multiple in health subjects and fluid mechanics. [04] A combination of volumeter with dynamometer produces a balance device which applies to Fluid Mechanics. In the metrology field, the balance allows the measurement of magnitudes that compose movement by means of the dynamometer, and simultaneously, measures the spatial magnitudes on the volumetric trajectory of the body in analysis. For this reason, the numerical analysis of a moving solid that interacts with the control volume and forces of fluid allows measuring the dynamic state variables of a fluid in motion. The said measurement of dynamic state variables provides a solution for problems of measurement of confined fluids in motion within expandable wall for force changes and volume changes. A. Definition of the Invention

[05] An Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid is a measuring instrument for physical dynamic state variables which are derived from the fundamental magnitudes: length, force, time, and frequency. This invention is designed for fluid with radial motion, and it is based on volume and work of the deformity of elastic bodies.

B. Main Utility and Limitations

[06] The main utility of an Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a Fluid is to compare the "component magnitudes of the volumetric movement in a timeline" that are produced by the balance with the "component magnitudes of the volumetric movement in a timeline" that are produced by a fluid with radial motion to provide measurement signals that correspond to the physical dynamic state variables of a fluid with radial motion.

[07] The Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid is limited to measuring the fundamental units of length, force, time, and frequency, in addition to their derived units of a fluid with radial motion. This invention does not measure mass or density.

[08] The Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid solves measurement needs of the physical dynamic state variables of confined fluids with expandable wall such as an artery, latex tube, vein, interstitial space, or a duct made with an expandable elastic wall where the diameter of the control volume is proportional to the force of expansion of the diameter. C. Industrial Application:

[09] Exemplary non-limiting embodiments of the utility of the Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid. The application is on the subject of fluid mechanics where an accurate measurement of magnitudes of a fluid is required where the fluid should not be in contact with elements of the sensor, and that the sensor is capable of performing a direct measurement of by comparing the physical dynamic state variables (excluding mass and density) of the fluid which depend on the volumetric movement. [010] The Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid has application in the fields of biomedical engineering and medicine. Also, this embodiment of the invention is related to instruments that measure vital signs, such as auxiliary medical diagnostic measuring instruments; auxiliary veterinary diagnostic measuring instruments; measuring instruments for organisms in the biology field; measuring instruments in the engineering field for the manufacture of food and drugs; measuring instruments for the calibration of sphygmomanometers and the like.

[Oil] Also, the Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a Fluid is useful for the solution of measurements in the fluid of the means of transport.

[012] This embodiment exhibits the application in the medical field to measure the physical dynamic state variables in the human body.

[013] Three main compartments of liquids are known in the human body and animal where the health workers require auxiliary instruments that measure the physical dynamic state variables to modify the state of illness; to know the health condition; for the numeric control of drug-illness response; to use measuring instruments that can help them with the diagnosis; and to solve the problem of the state of the art:

[014] The compartment of interstitial space in the human body contains liquid of edema with a certain volume and pressure that the health worker should know for its control.

[015] "Herein is described an Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a Fluid measures pressure and volume of edema in body regions, providing a solution to an actual problem of the state of the art for which there are no existing measuring instruments for such purpose."

[016] Veins in the human body contain blood fluid with certain volume, pressure, and power that the health worker should know for its control.

[017] "Herein is described an Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a Fluid measures pressure and power of blood fluid in body veins, providing a solution to an actual problem of the state of the art for which there are no existing measuring instruments for such purpose." [018] The arteries in the human body contain blood fluid that has the following physical dynamic state variables: Systolic Blood Pressure PS; High Diastolic Blood Pressure PD' ; Low Diastolic Blood Pressure Rϋf; Work; Volume; Volume with Respect to Time; Dysrhythmia o; Power; Frequency f. [019] These variables are modified by diseases and drugs such as antihypertensive agents, diuretics, antiarrhythmic drugs, among others. Therefore, for greater control of medicines and diseases, the health worker should know the measurements of said variables.

[020] In actuality, the health worker only measures with devices that measure Systolic Blood Pressure and Diastolic Blood Pressure with oscillometric methods; besides that, they also measure the Heart Rate.

[021] "Herein is described an Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid which represents an advance of the state of the art." The Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a Fluid has been developed to provide the convenience of having a low-cost balance within an ambulatory system which allows measuring physical dynamic state variables in an artery, vein, and interstitial space.

[022] Also, the national metrology centers and the calibration industry in state of the art have a problem which is "they do not measure with instruments to calibrate sphygmomanometers from the input of signal that is in the action of the cuff."

[023] Therefore, they only calibrate the isolated sensor of the measuring system, whereby the equipment is not calibrated as a system.

[024] "Herein is described an instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a Fluid which solves this problem by measuring pressure based on work and volume from the input signal in the cuff of the sphygmomanometer."

[025] This description of the embodiment is a representative unit of the device, a procedure, and a measuring chain of magnitudes that the balance measures. These magnitudes that the Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of fluid measures can have a wide range of combinations, in the domain of the force and volume motion of the fluids. SUMMARY

[026] A dynamometer combined with a volumeter is an instrument to measure physical dynamic state variables of a fluid, based on force and the movement of the volume of the bodies; this instrument can be a mechanical or electronic device.

[027] In the form of a mechanical device, the most elemental combination of dynamometer combined with a volumeter consists of a steel sheet attached perpendicularly to a steel stem, and this stem coupled to spring. Both spring and stem located within a graduated cylinder for volume, pressure, and work. [028] The measurement mechanism to obtain the force F is based on the proportionality that exists between the applied force and the deformation produced in the elastic materials.

[029] The measurement mechanism to obtain the work W is based on said force and the displacement distance of the sheet on the axis of the stem (work is equal to force F multiply by length L, W = F x L). [030] The measurement mechanism to measure volume is based on the path described by the plaque when moving on the axis of the stem.

[031] The sheet and stem are useful for measuring volume; the length of the Z-axis is the distance traveled on the major axis of the stem, which is perpendicular to the sheet formed by the X-axis and Y-axis of the sheet (volume V is equal to length Y-axis multiply by length X-axis multiply by length Z-axis, V = L x L x L).

[032] The mechanism of action to measure pressure is based on the work necessary to move the sheet and the volume described by the path followed by the moving sheet (pressure P is equal to work W divided by volume V, P=W/V). [033] Preferred embodiment of invention, it is a form of electronic device: An Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a Fluid comprises:

[034] A Dynamometer. [035] A sensor for dynamometer that is basically an elastic element to produce deformation effects from "metrology control of motion and force."

[036] A Volumeter combined with the dynamometer for measuring variables inherent to a physical dynamic state of a fluid, caused by a mechanism generated by a combination of movement and force of said dynamometer to the dimensions of the volumeter; [037] Means of level to determine the distance of displacement;

[038] A dynamometer sensor for said dynamometer comprising an elastic element to produce deformation effects;

[039] A volumeter sensor for said volumeter comprising a motion sheet with known dimensions of length in the axis "X," "Y" and "Z"; [040] Volumeter is basically an object with motion with known dimensions of length in the axis

X, Y, and Z which quantifies the volume of the space by means of the movement of the area.

[041] A sensor for volumeter is basically an object with motion with known dimensions in the axis X, Y, and Z that detect the volume of the space by means of the movement of the area.

[042] Said object with motion of the volumeter sensor can be a sheet on motion with known dimensions in the axis X, Y, and Z that detects the volume of the space by means of the motion of the area.

[043] Means for combining said dynamometer sensor; with said volumeter sensor; with said level; to produce a sensor of variable inherent to a physical dynamic state; wherein said sensor is configured to provide at least one signal of the group consisting of force, length, time, frequency, work, area, volume, velocity, volume with respect to time, power, pressure, and dysrhythmia in Hertz units over seconds; wherein these signals correspond to the signals group of variables inherent to a physical dynamic state of a fluid in a control volume.

[044] A signal of variable inherent to a physical dynamic state, which is generated by the mechanism that produces the combination dynamometer-volumeter.

[045] This signal can be: A variable signal that defines a physical dynamic state, such as pressure and volume, in any state of phase; that is to say, from a phase state with initial volume to a phase state with final volume passing through phase states with intermediate volume in an interval of time.

[046] Said signal of variable inherent to a physical dynamic state can be, also, a signal of variable that causes said physical dynamic state, which is a signal that depends on the covered path between the initial state and the final dynamic state.

[047] This can be a signal made up of the basic units of length, force, time, frequency, or the signals of combined magnitudes; for example, work, power, velocity, volume changes per time unit, frequency, and dysrhythmia; where said signal of variable inherent to a physical dynamic state is a signal detected by said combination of volumeter with a dynamometer.

[048] A measuring chain that comprises the signal of variable inherent to a physical dynamic state, for said signal of variable inherent to a physical dynamic state covers the path of the stages of a measuring system by comparison, from the input signal that starts in the stage of sensor for physical dynamic state variables, until the signal that emits the stage of output, passing through intermediate stages such as: transduction stage, conditioning signal stage, and processing signal stage.

[049] Where, these means of the measuring chain comprises: a sensor for physic dynamic state variables; coupled to a transductor for physic dynamic state variables; which is also coupled to physic elements that conditioning the measuring signal of the physic dynamic state variables signal; which are coupled to the physic elements of the output signal that finally show the value of the inherent variables to the physic dynamic state variables. [050] The distance of sheet displacement is known by means of level; where these means of level are a physic element graduated for distance of the displacement of the sheet with respect to a point of reference.

[051] A support structure, with free motion, for said sheet coupled to the elastic element; wherein the elastic element transmits movement to the sheet;

[052] This combination of elastic element with the motion sheet of the volumeter supported in a structure with free motion for interaction with the environment, make up the basic elements of a sensor to detect the variables inherent to a physical dynamic state, and said variables have as basic units length, force, time and frequency, distinguishing the mass and density.

[053] Said sensor for variable inherent to a physical dynamic state deforms the fluid in a control volume, and this is useful to compare and detect magnitudes of variables inherent to a physical dynamic state where the mass and density are distinguished.

[054] wherein said sensor is useful for:

• comparing and detecting force signals, by means of the force of deformation of the elastic element;

• comparing and detecting length signals, by means of the length of displacement of the sheet;

• comparing and detecting time signals, by means of the time of deformation of the elastic element, or the time of displacement of the sheet;

• comparing and detecting frequency signals, by means of the frequency of deformation of the elastic element, or the frequency of displacement of the sheet;

• comparing and detecting work signals, by means of the work of displacement of the sheet, and the force of the elastic element;

• comparing and detecting volume signals, by means of the volume of the length of displacement of the sheet, and the surface area of the sheet; • comparing and detecting force signals, by means of the force of displacement of the sheet;

• comparing and detecting pressure signals, by means of the pressure exerted by each volume change, made by the displacement of the sheet and the work that produces said displacement;

• comparing and detecting power signals, by means of the power given by the time of displacement of the sheet to perform said work;

• comparing and detecting velocity signals, by means of the velocity given by the length of displacement of the sheet per time unit;

• comparing and detecting signals of volume changes per time unit, by means of the volume change given by the initial volume and final volume covered by the displaced trajectory of the area of the sheet, and the interval of time that the sheet takes to change from position during the displacement;

• comparing and detecting dysrhythmia signals, by means of the dysrhythmia of the periodic movement of the sheet, or of the elastic element, (the difference between an initial frequency and a final frequency in an interval of time);

[055] A material comprising said structure, said material suitably shaped to cause force and movement of said elastic element;

[056] A suitably shaped material comprising said sheet, said material forming an interface with said sensor, said sensor being in contact with the fluid subjected to measurement, said material being joined operatively with said sheet;

[057] Means for energy source, said means for energy source contained in said sensor, to move a desired volume dimension with necessary force in a desired direction;

[058] Means for the transformation of energy, said means for transformation of energy being coupled with said means for energy source, and joined operatively with the sensor for variable inherent to a physical dynamic state to transform mechanical energy into force energy, length displacement, or time and frequency;

[059] Means for converting signals into quantifiable signals, said means being coupled to said sensor to convert the signal detected by the sensor into a magnitude value, where said signal is selected from the group consisting of length, force, time, frequency and a combination thereof;

[060] Means for conditioning of signals, said means for conditioning of signals configured to operatively communicate the signals of the measuring chain;

[061] Means to control energy changes associated to work, volume, time and frequency, said energy control means being configured to control the measurement of physical dynamic state variables, wherein the energy control means serves to combine the signals that provide the sensor for variables inherent to a physical dynamic state, which are magnitude signals of force, length, time, and frequency, to produce at least one signal selected from "work" signal, "length displacement" signal, "area" signal, "volume" signal, "velocity" signal, "volume with respect to time" signal, "dysrhythmia in Hertz units over seconds" signal, "power" signal, "systolic pressure" signal, "higher diastolic pressure" signal, "lower diastolic pressure" signal, and "frequency Fc" signal;

[062] A microcontroller useful for assigning a numeric value to the magnitude of the electrical signal of a transducer, and naming said electric signal depending on the desired characteristics; and,

[063] an output signal equipment for acquiring a signal from said means to control energy changes wherein said output signal equipment is configured to provide at least one indication of the value of the measurement of the group formed by variables inherent to a physical dynamic state.

[064] The Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid, according to claim 1 that also comprises: A signal of variable inherent to a physical dynamic state; and a measuring chain configured to cause said signal to travel the path of the stages of measuring by comparison from the sensor to the signal output passing through intermediate stages; and said measuring chain, configured to be the path of stages that said signal inherent to a physical dynamic state travels, corresponds to a signal of physical dynamic state variable of a fluid in a control volume. [065] The Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid, according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said sensor of variable inherent to a physical dynamic state comprises: a dynamometer sensor comprising an elastic element to generate movement and force, a support structure, a volumeter sensor comprising a sheet to measure volume dimensions, said sensor being joined operatively to said structure and configured to move the volume dimensions by means of the movement of the dynamometer from an initial volume state to a final volume state going through intermediate states.

[066] The Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid, according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, wherein said sensor for variable inherent to a physical dynamic state comprises: a structure shaped in the form of a cuff to contain said elastic element that develops force and movement; wherein said elastic element is a gas, a plastic material of rectangular shape constituting said sheet of volumeter joined operatively to the internal wall of said cuff to receive the force and movement of the gas, configured to produce at least one variable signal obtained by comparison of the signals group of length, force, time and frequency corresponding to the basic units of physical dynamic state of a fluid in a control volume.

[067] The Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid of claim 1, said instrument being based on measurements of work per volume changes, wherein said measuring instrument comprises: an energy source, and a device for energy transformation joined operatively to said energy source and to a sensor of variable inherent to a physical dynamic state; where said sensor is configured to provide at least one signal selected from the group consisting of force, length, time, frequency, work, area, volume, velocity, volume with respect to time, power, pressure, volume, frequency, and dysrhythmia in Hertz units over seconds.

[068] The Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid, according to claim 1, 2, or 3, that also comprises: a sensor for variable inherent to a physical dynamic state; configured to detect the variables inherent to a physical dynamic state distinguishing the mass and density, a transducer stage for receiving two signals of said sensor configured to produce one signal of basic quantifiable magnitude selected from the group consisting of time, frequency, length, and force, said signal distinguishing the mass and density. [069] The Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid, according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: a said signal can be electrical, which proceeds from the deformation effect of said elastic element, or, an electrical signal, which proceeds from the movement effect of said sheet of volumeter, a microcontroller that receives the signal that proceeds from the elastic element; and also receives the signal of said sheet of volumeter, configured to produce at least one measuring signal selected from length, force, time, frequency, area, volume, velocity, volume variation in an interval of time, power, work, pressure, and dysrhythmia.

[070] The Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid, according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that: said signal that can be electrical, which proceeds from the deformation effect of said elastic element, an electrical signal, which proceeds from the movement effect of said sheet of volumeter, a microcontroller that receives the signal that proceeds from the elastic element; and also receives the signal of said sheet of volumeter, configured to produce one measuring signal of pressure corresponding to a high diastolic blood pressure of the blood fluid in an artery.

[071] The Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid, according to claim 1, 2 or 3, that also comprises: a signal that can be electrical and detected by the sensor, a transducer for receiving electrical signal, and transforms the electrical signal to a quantifiable signal of frequency and time; and for sending said signal to a microcontroller configured to receive the electrical signal and produce a measuring signal of dysrhythmia in Hertz units over seconds.

[072] The Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid, according to claim 1, 2 or 3, that also comprises: a microcontroller for controlling the signal output, a signal output equipment that acquires the signal of the microcontroller configured to provide at least one indication of the measuring value of the group formed by signals of variables inherent to a physical dynamic state.

[073] The Instrument according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, for performing a procedure; said procedure being useful for: measuring variables inherent to a physical dynamic state, said procedure comprising the steps of: Phase I. Equilibrating the measuring instrument in force and volume;

Phase II. Performing the interaction of work produced by known volume changes of the measuring instrument with the work and volume of the fluid subject to measurement;

Phase III. During the application of external force, detecting that every time force is applied by the force element the volume changes producing work; then, the force of the force element, the volume of the volumeter, and the work produced by the sheet of the volumeter are differentiated, wherein each application of the force element corresponds to a volume change that produces work of the sheet of the volumeter, and wherein this work corresponds a reaction by vacating of the fluid, applying force and work with the measuring instrument until compensating the volume and hydrostatic thrust of the fluid subject to measurement;

Phase IV. Detecting the instant of compensation limit for force and volume that corresponds to the dissociation of the movement between the force of the elastic element and the work of the sheet whereby if an external force is applied, there is an effect that produces the movement of the deformation of the elastic element in the instant of compensation limit, and there is no effect of the work produced by the sheet;

Phase V. Measuring a variable from the group consisting of variables inherent to a physical dynamic state (volume, pressure, work, power, volume change with respect to time, velocity, frequency, and dysrhythmia on Hertz units over seconds, by means of the basic units of length, force, time, and frequency, distinguishing mass and density, wherein said instrument comprises a microcontroller adapted to perform, in the form of executable instructions, said procedure and produce at least one measurement of variables inherent to a physical dynamic state.

[074] The Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid, according to claim 1, wherein said means for energy source is a motor.

[075] The Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid, according to claim 1, wherein said means for transformation of energy is a pneumatic pump. [076] The Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid, according to claim 1, wherein said means for converting signals into quantifiable signals is a transducer device.

[077] The Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid, according to claim 1, wherein said means for conditioning of signals is conditioning signal equipment.

[078] The Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid, according to claim 1, wherein said means to control energy changes associated to work, volume, time and frequency is a processor.

[079] The Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid, according to claim 17, wherein said processor is a microcontroller.

[080] Use of the instrument according to any one of claims 1-17 for measurement of the dynamic state variables of confined fluids within an expandable elastic wall wherein said wall is an interstitial space, a duct, an artery, a vein or a latex tube, wherein in the expandable elastic wall, the diameter of the control volume is proportional to the force of expansion of the diameter. [081] Use of the instrument according to any one of claims 1-17 in the field of metrology, medicine or biomedical engineering.

[082] Use of the instrument according to any one of claims 1-17, said instrument comprising the group of sphygmomanometers.

[083] Use of the instrument according to claim 20, wherein said sphygmomanometer operates manually or digitally.

[084] Use of the instrument according to any one of claims 1-17 for measuring heart rate, Systolic Blood Pressure PS; High Diastolic Blood Pressure PD' ; Low Diastolic Blood Pressure Rϋf; Work; Volume; Volume with Respect to Time; Dysrhythmia o; Power; Frequency f.

[085] Use of the instrument according to any one of claims 1-17 for measuring heart rate, Systolic Blood Pressure PS; High Diastolic Blood Pressure PD' ; Low Diastolic Blood Pressure Rϋf, where pressure is measured based on work and volume (pressure P is equal to W over volume V; P=W/V); [086] Work; Volume; Volume with Respect to Time; Dysrhythmia s in Hertz units over seconds; Arterial Power; Frequency f."

[087] Use of the instrument according to any one of claims 1-17 for measuring Work signal, Volume signal, Velocity signal of the dilation of the radius in an arterial systole, Velocity signal of the constriction of the radius in an arterial diastole, Volume signal with respect to time, Dysrhythmia signal s in Hertz units over seconds, Arterial power signal, Systolic pressure signal PS, Higher diastolic pressure signal PD^, Lower diastolic pressure signal Rϋf, Frequency signal f.

[088] Use according to any one of claims 19-23, wherein measurement of said variables is performed in conjunction with a therapy.

[089] Use according to claim 25 wherein said therapy is selected from the group consisting of antihypertensive agents, diuretics and antiarrhythmic drugs.

[090] Use of the instrument according to any one of claims 1-17 for measurement of the dynamic state variables of a fluid, wherein said measurement comprises pressure based on work and volume from the input signal in the cuff of a sphygmomanometer.

[091] Use of the instrument according to claim any one of claims 1-17 for measurement of the dynamic state variables of a fluid, wherein said measurement comprises detection of input signal selected from the group consisting of movement, work and volume, whereby said input signal is translated to an output signal that is displayed as a measurement value in a signal output equipment. [092] Use of the instrument according to any one of claims 1-17 for calibration of a sphygmomanometer.

[093] Use of the instrument according to claim 29 for calibration of a sphygmomanometer from the input of signal that is in the action of the cuff.

[094] An output signal equipment for acquiring a signal from said means to control energy changes wherein said output signal equipment is configured to provide at least one indication of the value of the measurement of the group formed by variables inherent to a physical dynamic state. [095] Therefore, to make an electronic device "instrument to measure physical dynamic state variables of a fluid," based on force and the movement of the volume of the bodies. This may be, through transforming a cuff that contains gas into a dynamometer and volumeter; the elasticity of the gas inside the cuff contributes force and movement, and the dimensions of the cuff provide the X, Y and Z axis of the Volumeter.

[096] The combination of the cuff with gas make a volumeter and dynamometer useful to produce a sensor of physical dynamic state variables. Where the dimensional physical properties of the cuff are useful to compare in a direct way the control volume of a fluid, and the elastic properties of gas are useful to compare in a direct way the properties of force and movement of the fluid.

[097] This sensor is useful to detect the basic units of length, force, time and frequency and derived units such are: volume, work, dysrhythmia, pressure, volume changes with respect to time, and power.

[098] Said sensor of physical dynamic state variables is connected to length and force transducers respectively, which are useful for detecting the mechanical energy of the physical dynamic state variables and converting them into electrical energy.

[099] Said transducers are connected to the microcontroller useful to receiving length signals and force signals to direct measurement of physical dynamic state variables.

[0100] Said microcontroller is useful to combined memory data of length and geometric constants, with the values of the length signal and force signal from the transducers, to produce the control signals for the direct measurement of physical dynamic state variables.

[0101] Said microcontroller is connected to the output signal stage, basically to a display useful for measuring physical dynamic state variables.

[0102] The component consisting of a sensor stage, transducer stage, and the microcontroller is connected to a pneumatic circuit, which is useful to provide the mechanical energy necessary to measure the physical dynamic state variables. [0103] And all these components are connected to a power supply useful to provide the electric energy necessary to measure the physical dynamic state variables.

[0104] The measurement mechanism to obtain the force F is based on the proportionality that exists between the applied force and the deformation produced in the gas (elastic materials).

[0105] The measurement mechanism to obtain the work W is based on said force and the displacement distance of the sheet on the axis of the stem (work is equal to force F multiply by length L, W = F x L).

[0106] The measurement mechanism to measure volume is based on the path described by the sheet when moving on the axis of the stem.

[0107] The sheet and stem are useful for measuring volume; the length of the Z-axis is the distance traveled on the major axis of the stem, which is perpendicular to the sheet formed by the X-axis and Y-axis of the sheet (volume V is equal to length Y-axis multiply by length X-axis multiply by length Z-axis, V = L x L x L). [0108] The mechanism of action to measure pressure is based on the work necessary to move the sheet and the volume described by the path followed by the moving sheet (pressure P is equal to work W divided by volume V, P=W/V).

[0109] A material with the adequate shape of said structure for the elastic element develops force and movement. For example, a gas is the elastic element, and a structure with plastic material, in the shape of cuff contains the elastic element gas; this allows the movement by deformation and force of the gas.

[0110] A material and shape of said sheet is used to make up the interface of the sensor. This interface connects the sensor with the fluid subject to measurement; this material and shape of the sheet are joined operatively to the material and shape of the structure for the force and movement of the elastic element be transmitted to the sheet. Therefore, the sheet generates movement and force to detect signals inherent to a physical dynamic state, which correspond to the physical dynamic [0111] state variables and to the variables that cause the physical dynamic state of a fluid in a control volume.

[0112] In a sensor of variable inherent to a physical dynamic state in the modality of a Riva Rocci cuff, the elastic element, or gas, is inside a structure of adequate material with tubular shape, and lateral sheets, which are the external sheet and the internal sheet; and one region of said internal sheet is of adequate material and shape to make up the sheet of volumeter that is the contact interface of the adapted sensor to detect signals of physical dynamic state variables in a living organism, such as the arterial blood fluid. [0113] Means for energy source, such as a motor; said means for energy source assembled to said sensor to move the desired dimensions of volume with the necessary force in the desired direction.

[0114] Means for the transformation of energy, such as a pneumatic pump; means for transformation of energy coupled with the means for energy source, and joined operatively with the sensor for variable inherent to a physical dynamic state to transform the mechanical energy into force energy, length displacement, time and frequency.

[0115] Means to convert signals into quantifiable signals, such as a transducer device; said means coupled to said sensor to convert the signal detected by the sensor into a magnitude value, where said signal is a signal of the signals group of length, force, time and frequency; also, said signal is made up by the relation of several signals of said group. [0116] Means for conditioning of signals, such as a conditioning equipment of signal; said means for conditioning of signals configured to operatively communicate the signals of the measuring chain and the means that make up an Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid.

[0117] Means to control energy changes associated to work, volume, time and frequency, such as a processor configured to control the measuring process of physical dynamic state variables and variables that cause the dynamic state, where the basic control is to combine the signals that provide the sensor for variables inherent to a physical dynamic state, which are: the magnitude signals of force, length, time, and frequency; to produce at least one signal of the group of magnitudes formed by "work" signal, "length displacement" signal, "area" signal, "volume" signal, "velocity" signal, [0118] "volume with respect to time" signal, "dysrhythmia in Hertz units over seconds" signal, "power" signal, "systolic pressure" signal, "higher diastolic pressure" signal, "lower diastolic pressure" signal, and "frequency Fc" signal. These signals correspond to the physical dynamic state variables and signals that cause the dynamic state of a fluid in a control volume subject to measurement.

[0119] Also, said microcontroller is useful to give a numeric value to the magnitude of the electrical signal of the transducer, and names said electric signal depending on the physic dynamic state variable that is being measured. For example: [0120] The way to denominate a physical dynamic state depends on the period and variable that is being measured, for example: "Systolic Blood Volume-Pressure VPS"; "High Diastolic Blood Volume-Pressure VPD' "; "Low Diastolic Blood Volume-Pressure VPD _\ | or Arterial Blood Volume- Pressure Afterload."

[0121] A procedure materialized in a set of actions, mechanisms, operations, instructions for the microcontroller, and any form of materialization. This procedure has to be performed in the same way to obtain measurements by comparison of physical dynamic state variables pressure-volume, where the basic dimensions of force, length, time, and frequency intervene, distinguishing mass and density.

[0122] Said set of actions or operations can be a procedure which can be in a program executable by said main processing unit configured to produce, basically, the tasks of measuring physical dynamic state variables, and variables that cause the physical state of a fluid subject to measurement. The following phases can be an example of such a procedure:

Phase I. Equilibrate the measuring instrument in force and volume.

Phase II. Perform the interaction of work produced by known volume changes of the measuring instrument with the work and volume of the fluid subject to measurement.

Phase III. During the application of external force, detect that every time force is applied by the force element, the volume changes producing work; then, the force of the force element, the volume of the volumeter, and the work produced by the sheet of the volumeter are differentiated. Therefore, to each application of force of the force element corresponds a volume change that produces work of the sheet of the volumeter, and to this work corresponds a reaction by vacating of the fluid. Continue applying force and work with the measuring instrument until compensating the volume and hydrostatic thrust of the fluid subject to measurement.

Phase IV. Detect the instant of compensation limit for force and volume that corresponds to the dissociation of the movement between the force of the elastic element and the work of the sheet. That is to say, if an external force is applied, there is an effect that produces the movement of the deformation of the elastic element in the instant of compensation limit, and there is no effect of the work produced by the sheet.

Phase V. Measure a variable from the group consisting by variables inherent to a physical dynamic state (volume, pressure, work, power, volume change with respect to time, velocity, frequency, and dysrhythmia on Hertz units over seconds) by means of the basic units of length, force, time, and frequency.

Phase VI. Change the applied force until allowing alternative linear movement of the elastic element.

Phase VII. Gather the cycles in a group of successive cycles in an interval of time and count to obtain the frequency of cycles in an interval of time. Phase VIII. Measure the frequency of events.

Phase IX. Determine a set of frequencies. f = ifi _’ f 2 f 3 _> · · · _> alphas e X. Determine the duration time of each frequency period. Phase XI. Associate the frequency f to the time period T, and obtain Hertz over second (Hz/s) as:

D /Dΐ = Hz/s Phase XII. Obtain the set of frequencies associated with time as:

Hz/s = {f _\ IT _x ,f ₂ IT ₂ ,filTi . f _N /T _N }

Phase XIII. Define the dysrhythmia in the amount of frequency variation in the time unit.

D f Hertz

Disritmia — -

DT Segundo fi+ - fi

Disritmia = Ti+ 1 - Ά

Phase XIV. Measure the amount of dysrhythmia in Hertz units over seconds Hz/s.

Phase XV. The signal of the constant pi value and the signal of the length of displacement value are related mathematically to perform the measuring of the transversal segment area in the control volume of the fluid subject to measurement.

Phase XVI. The signal of the transversal segment area value and the signal of the X-axis length are related mathematically to perform the measuring of volume.

Phase XVII. The signal of the length displacement value and the signal of the force value are related mathematically to perform the measuring of work. Phase XVIII. The signal of the work value and the signal of the volume value are related mathematically to perform the measuring of pressure.

The time signal indicates the phase of the pressure-volume (state variable) desired to be measured in a fluid cycle motion, from an initial volume to a final volume passing through intermediate volumes. Therefore, each pressure-volume phase corresponds to an instant of time in an arterial cycle.

For example: exist three useful basic phases to describe the arterial behavior in an arterial blood fluid movement in an arterial cycle; such as higher pressure in the cycle also called systolic volume-pressure. This state corresponds to the first time instant of interest in the phases of the arterial cycle. Following this phase is the higher volume-pressure in the diastolic phase, and this state corresponds to the second instant of interest in the phases of the arterial cycle. Following this phase is the lower volume-pressure in the diastolic phase, and this state corresponds to the third instant of interest. Also, the lower volume-pressure in the diastolic phase can be called post load pressure because it is the pressure that the contraction of the ventricle must overgo so the aortic valve opens.

Phase XIX. The time signal and the work signal are related mathematically to perform the measuring of power.

Phase XX. The signal of an interval of time, the signal of the value of volume one, and the signal of the value of volume two with the signal of an interval of time are related mathematically to measure the volume change with respect to time.

[0123] An output signal equipment that acquires the signal from the means to control changes in energy, such as a microcontroller, where said output signal equipment is configured to provide at least one indication of the value of the measurement of the group formed by variables inherent to a physical dynamic state. [0124] Which in the case of the arterial blood fluid, can be an indication of the value of the signals group formed by the "work" signal, "length" signal, "area" signal, "volume" signal, "velocity" signal, "volume with respect to time" signal, "dysrhythmia in Hertz units over seconds" signal, "power" signal, "systolic pressure" signal, "higher diastolic pressure" signal, "lower diastolic pressure" signal, and "frequency Fc" signal. [0125] Overall, said elements and technical characteristics determine an Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid that is characterized because it measures dynamic states of pressure-volume based in measurements of force, work, and volume.

[0126] A signal of variable inherent to a physical dynamic state.

[0127] A measuring chain so that the signal travels the path of the stages of measuring by comparison from the sensor to the signal output passing through intermediate stages; and this measuring chain, configured to be the path of stages that said signal inherent to a physical dynamic state travels, corresponds to a signal of physical dynamic state variable of a fluid in a control volume. [0128] A dynamometer sensor that has an elastic element to generate movement and force. [0129] A structure.

[0130] A volumeter sensor that has a sheet to measure volume dimensions joined operatively to the structure and configured to move the volume dimensions by means of the movement of the dynamometer from a state of initial volume to a state of final volume going through intermediate states.

[0131] A structure and shape in the modality of a cuff to contain said gas that develops force and movement. [0132] A plastic material with rectangular shape which makes up the sheet of volumeter joined operatively to the internal wall of said cuff to receive the force and movement of the gas, configured to produce at least one variable signal obtained by comparison of the signals group of length, force, time and frequency corresponding to the basic units of physical dynamic state of a fluid in a control volume. [0133] An energy source is a device for energy transformation joined operatively to said energy force and to a sensor of variable inherent to a physical dynamic state; where said sensor is configured to provide at least one signal of the signals group of force, length, time, frequency, work, area, volume, velocity, volume with respect to time, power, pressure, volume, frequency, and dysrhythmia in Hertz units over seconds; where these signals are corresponding to the signals group of variables inherent to a physical dynamic state of a fluid in a control volume.

[0134] A sensor for variable inherent to a physical dynamic state; to detect the variables inherent to a physical dynamic state despising the mass and density.

[0135] A transduction stage that receives two signals of said sensor configured to produce one signal of basic quantifiable magnitude of the group of basic magnitude signals made up by time, frequency, length, and force; despising the mass and density. [0136] The said signal that can be electrical, which proceeds from the deformation effect of said elastic element.

[0137] An electrical signal, which proceeds from the movement effect of said sheet of volumeter. [0138] A microcontroller that receives the signal that proceeds from the elastic element; and also receives the signal of said sheet of volumeter configured to produce at least one measuring signal of the group formed by length, force, time, frequency, area, volume, velocity, volume variation in an interval of time, power, work, pressure, and dysrhythmia.

[0139] The said signal that can be electrical, which proceeds from the deformation effect of said elastic element.

[0140] An electrical signal, which proceeds from the movement effect of said sheet of volumeter.

[0141] A microcontroller that receives the signal that proceeds from the elastic element; and also receives the signal of said sheet of volumeter configured to produce one measuring signal of pressure corresponding to the higher diastolic blood pressure of the blood fluid in an artery. [0142] Said signal that can be electrical and detected by the sensor.

[0143] A transducer to receive the electrical signal, and transforms the electrical signal to a quantifiable signal of frequency and time; and that sends said signal to a microcontroller configured to receive the electrical signal and produce a measuring signal of dysrhythmia in Hertz units over seconds corresponding to the dysrhythmia in any phase of a cycle that is repeated. [0144] Said microcontroller for control of the signal output.

[0145] A signal output equipment that acquires the signal of the microcontroller configured to provide at least one indication of the measuring value of the group formed by signals of variables inherent to a physical dynamic state, which correspond to the magnitudes inherent to a physical dynamic state of a fluid subject to measurement in a control volume, distinguishing mass and density.

[0146] A procedure to measure variables inherent to a physical dynamic state. [0147] A microcontroller for processing that contains data of executable instructions on the memory. Said procedure for measuring variables inherent to a physical dynamic state, configured to process said procedure and produce at least one measurement of variables inherent to a physical dynamic state.

[0148] An objective of this invention is to provide a simplified measuring instrument which combines a dynamometer and a volumeter. A main characteristic of this instrument is that it can measure volume, pressure, volume with respect to time in cm3/s, frequency, dysrhythmia in unit Hz/s, work, and power, using the deformation and the trajectory of an elastic element attached to a sheet for the work and volume movement sensor.

[0149] Therefore, an object of this invention is to provide a "direct measurement instrument, to permit the measurement of physical dynamic state variables acting on a control volume, of the fluid".

[0150] Another object of this invention is to provide a "mechanic device, direct measurement instrument", to permit the measurement of physical dynamic state variables acting on a control volume, of the fluid.

[0151] Another object of this invention is to provide an "automatic electronic device, direct measurement instrument,", to permit the measurement of dynamic state variables acting on a control volume, of the fluid into elastic compartments such as latex tube.

[0152] Another objective of this invention is to provide a "direct measurement instrument, to permit the measurement of physical dynamic state variables acting on a control volume of the fluid, into the compartment of a living organism, such as fluid into arteries, veins, and interstitial space".

[0153] These and other objectives of the invention are accomplished by the apparatus hereinafter set forth, in which a cuff is connected to gas to form a source of controlled movement and dimensions for the measurement of physic dynamic states variables. Basically, to this measurement, a complex of assembled components can comprise a force transducer; length transducer; signal conditioning circuits; microcontroller; and signal output display. Said apparatus receives mechanical energy from a pneumatic circuit, and together the total components receive electrical energy from a power source to measure the variables of the physical dynamic state of a fluid. [0154] Other objects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0155] Figure 1 is a diagram that shows, in an exemplary way, the elements which contain a volume-presser sensor. The volume-presser sensor is an elastic element used as a force sensor, work sensor, and volume sensor; and which corresponds to the sensor used by an Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid.

[0156] Figure 2 is a block diagram of an Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid. By means of blocks, this diagram represents the internal operation, measuring chains, and relations of the elements. Also, the diagram shows the arranging of the measuring process of an Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid, with its inputs and outputs.

[0157] Figure 3 is a diagram that shows the relation and times of a volume-presser sensor; also, shows the scales, fluid, and control volume that interact to compare and detect the input signals in the measuring chain of an Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid.

[0158] Figures 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, and 4E are diagrams with drawings in sequence to show the phases of Interaction of Fluid and Sensor, during the detection of the input signals of force and length of an Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid.

[0159] Figures 5A and 5b show the waveforms and phases of the signal cycle that proceeds from the motion in the mechanism of the sensor 18, and from the electrical activity of the transducer of an Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid during some measurements. [0160] Figure 6 is a diagram of an Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid to show the basic functional elements of measurement in the modality of piston-cylinder.

[0161] Figure 7 is a diagram of an Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid to show the basic functional elements of measurement in the modality of the modified Scipione Riva Rocci cuff. [0162] Figures 8A, 8B, 8B, 8C, 8D and 8E show an Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid in the modality of a measuring instrument type calibrator that performs work based on volume changes, and is useful to calibrate measuring instruments type sphygmomanometers.

[0163] Figure 9 shows the measuring process used by an Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0164] In the following section of the detailed description, specific embodiments of the present techniques are described. However, to the extent that the following description is specific to a particular embodiment or a particular use of the present techniques, this is intended to be for exemplary purposes only, and simply describes the exemplary embodiments.

[0165] Accordingly, the techniques are not limited to the specific embodiments described below but rather, include all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents.

[0166] A combination of Dynamometer and Volumeter produces the Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid.

[0167] The characteristic details of the Instrument for Measuring Physical Dynamic State Variables of a fluid are shown, clearly, in the next description, and in the accompanying figures, the main modalities are shown.

[0168] Concerning said figures, the Instrument for Measuring Physical Dynamic State Variables of a fluid is the combination of a Dynamometer and a Volumeter to improve a balance in the number of measurements that can be performed; from measurements of force and volume with two instruments for the measurement of physical dynamic state magnitudes.

[0169] Instrument for Measuring Physical Dynamic State Variables of a fluid can be defined as a Dynamic Balance for Volume-Work and Movement for measuring the magnitudes that compose the movement that produces a volume change from an initial volume to a final volume during the work of a fluid by means of compressing the balance in the direction of the work of the fluid.

[0170] Where V is volume, and P is pressure, and

Work

Pressure = — - -

Volume [0171] A Dynamometer is a measuring instrument to measure force; and a Volumeter is a measuring instrument to measure volume.

[0172] The basic combination of these two measuring instruments make up the elements to measure the "X," "Y" and "Z" axis of the volumeter with the dynamometer which measures the deformation force and the length of displacement.

[0173] As a result of the combination, we get an Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid for measuring the magnitudes that compose the movement, work and volume of fluid in the trajectory that describes the surface of application from its initial state to its final state. [0174] I. About the Elements That Constitute an Instrument for Measuring

Physical Dynamic State Variables of a fluid.

[0175] Concerning Figure 2, an embodiment of an Instrument for measuring 16 can comprise:

[0176] A means to control energy changes produced by work and volume in instants of time and frequency in an interval of time, that in this preference is a microcontroller 22; combined with; [0177] A means to generate movement that in this preference is a motor 28; combined with;

[0178] A means to transform the mechanical energy into work energy, movement energy, and volume energy, that in this preference is a pneumatic pump 43; combined with;

[0179] A means to detect the magnitudes that compose movement of work and volume by means of compression, that in this preference is a Volume-Presser Sensor 18; combined with; [0180] A means to receive a kind of energy and provide another type of energy that is now quantifiable and is a dependable measurement of the received magnitudes, where the magnitudes are components of the interaction between movement, volume and work; that in this preference is a transducer for length 451 and a transducer for force 110, both with signals as a function of time; combined with; [0181] A means to acquire and conditioning signals. Where the signals, basically, correspond to magnitudes of the components of the interaction between movement, volume and work. That in this preference, said means is an electronic circuit for signal conditioning 26; combined with;

[0182] A means to control the operation of an Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid. Where, basically, the control consists in activating the actuators to produce movement, work, and volume which are compared to produce signals of the magnitudes that make up the interaction between movement, volume and work; that in this preference, said means is the microcontroller 22; combined with;

[0183] A means to indicate the measurement value where the measurements are physical dynamic state variables, excluding mass and density of fluid; that in this preference, said means is a signal output equipment 23; combined with;

[0184] Means of a measuring chain of physical dynamic state variables, that comprises said signal for measuring the path of the stages of a measuring system by comparison, from an input signal to output emitting signal, passing through intermediate stages comprising transduction stage, conditioning signal stage, and processing signal stage; this measuring chain is:

[0185] A stage to detect signals by means of the movement caused by the change in volume to produce work, said means of the movement is a Volume-Presser Sensor 18, that transmits the signal to a stage for a transducer, that transmits said signal to a stage for conditioning of a signal and that transmits the signal to a stage for output of the signal in the form of a value representing the physical dynamic state variable corresponding to the physical dynamic state variables of a fluid, excluding mass and density of the fluid.

[0186] II. About the Structure and Function of an Instrument for Measuring Physical Dynamic

State Variables of a fluid.

[0187] Referring to Figure 2, 7, 8, and 9, an embodiment of the Instrument for measuring 16 may comprise the following structure and function: [0188] A microcontroller 22 attached by an electronic coupling to the motor 28 to generate an initial controlled mechanical energy to the process of measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid, excluding mass and density.

[0189] The motor 28 is attached with a mechanical coupling to the pneumatic pump 43, and the pneumatic pump 43 has an inflation and deflation valve to regulate an air outlet connected to an electronic coupling to the microcontroller 22. This pneumatic pump 43 is connected with the cuff by means of the air conduct 60, and the microcontroller 22 receives the force signals in function of time 61 and the length signals in function of time 62.

[0190] The motor 28 transmits the initial mechanical energy to the pneumatic pump 43 with the valve. The pneumatic pump and the valve transform the initial mechanical energy to the pneumatic energy that deforms the elastic element 12 and displaces the sheet 40 producing the controlled movement, work, and volume useful for measuring by comparison of physical dynamic state variables of a fluid, excluding mass and density.

[0191] In another embodiment, as shown in figure 7A and 7B, the motor 28 is attached with a mechanical coupling to a cam 41. The motor 28 transmits the initial mechanical energy to the cam 41, and the cam 41 has ridges and heels joined by the mechanical coupling to the sensor 18.

[0192] The motor 28 coupled to the cam 41 controls the deformation of the elastic element 12 and the displacement of the sheet 40 of sensor 18 to produce movement, work, and volume to be measured by comparing physical dynamic state variables of a fluid, excluding mass and density.

[0193] In this embodiment, Volume-Presser Sensor 18 is a modified Riva Rocci cuff which has four surfaces: an external surface, two lateral surfaces that serve to accommodate and move the elastic element 12 which is gas, and the contact surface which is the sheet 40.

[0194] The pneumatic pump 43, with a mechanical coupling, is attached to the Volume-Presser Sensor 18 modified Riva Rocci cuff where the pump transmits pneumatic energy with movement, work, and volume which are controlled by the modified Riva Rocci cuff; and [0195] The modified Riva Rocci cuff transforms the pneumatic energy into energy for the physical dynamic state variables sensor, which, by means of this mechanism, has received the force of input FI and the sensor directs the force to the sheet 40 producing a force of output F2.

[0196] In this invention, the sensor 18 is a physical dynamic state variables sensor which can be defined as an elastic element with a surface that uses the movement, work and volume of its own deformation to detect magnitudes that go through infinite intermediate states of equilibrium between an initial force field and a final force field, where every state of equilibrium corresponds to a point with pressure and volume, and the pressure is work over volume.

[0197] The reaction to the force of input FI of the Volume-Presser Sensor 18 produces a controlled mechanical energy toward sheet 40 which may interact with movement, volume and work with a fluid subject to measurement; and

[0198] Through a mechanical coupling, the sheet 40 is attached to the transducer for length 451. Therefore, when the sheet 40 is displaced by the effect of the deformation of the elastic element 12, the transducer receives the mechanical energy and converts it into electrical energy signals for length in the function of time; and

[0199] Through a mechanical coupling, the sheet 40 is attached to the transducer for force 110. Therefore, when the sheet 40 changes position concerning the support structure by the effect of the deformation of the elastic element 12, the transducer receives the mechanical energy and converts it into electrical energy signals for force in the function of time; and

[0200] The transducer for length 451 and the transducer for force 110, communicates the signals through an electronic coupling to an electronic circuit for conditioning of signal 26; and

[0201] In this embodiment, the electronic circuit for conditioning of signal 26 acquires the signal value of the "X" axis 17 from the sheet 40, and the signals for force and length in the function of time are acquired from the two transducers 451 and 110. Consequently, the circuit for conditioning of signals transforms the signals into the desired signals which, basically, are easy to handle; the signals are from the magnitude force 1, magnitude length 4, time signal and frequency signal 50. [0202] These signals constitute a group of signals suitable for processing, which are: force signal

1, the signal for length displacement 4, the signal for length "X"-axis 17, time signal t, and frequency signal f. [0203] Moreover, in this embodiment, the electronic circuit for conditioning of signal 26 is attached, by electronic coupling, to the microcontroller 22. This processor acquires signals from the group of signals formed by force signal 1; signal for length displacement 4; signal for length "X"-axis 17; time signal t; and frequency signal f to perform the measurement operation for physical dynamic state magnitudes. [0204] The measurement operation for physical dynamic state magnitudes is detected by input signals by comparing movement, work, and volume, and translates this information to a signal that is displayed as a measurement value.

[0205] The microcontroller 22 is useful, basically, for processing by means of mathematical logic algorithms and memory data that perform the measurement operation and, finally, send the signals, by means of an electronic coupling, to the output equipment for signal 23.

[0206] The output equipment for signal 23 is useful to display signals of the measurement indication. Basically, these signals are signals of physical dynamic state variables such as: Work signal

2, Volume signal 6, Velocity signal 7 of the dilation of the radius in arterial systole, Velocity signal 5 of the constriction of the radius in arterial diastole, Volume signal with respect to time 9, Dysrhythmia signal s in Hertz units over seconds, Arterial power signal 13, Systolic pressure signal PS, Higher diastolic pressure signal PD^, Lower diastolic pressure signal Rϋf, Frequency signal f.

[0207] III. About the Elements and Basic Functions of Volume-Presser Sensor 18

[0208] According to various embodiments, the Dynamic Balance for working and radial volume 16, can comprise different forms and materials of the elements that make it up to allow executing the desired utility, as it can be a device for measuring.

[0209] Referring to figures 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8, different types of the Volume Presser Sensor 18 are shown. [0210] Figure 2 shows the components in a block schematic model for sensor 18; and

[0211] Figure 3 shows a Volume-Presser Sensor 18 interacting with a fluid that is subject to measurement in the space of the control volume 14. Also, the elastic element 12 is a spring. [0212] Figure 4 shows the Instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid during the process of measurement. The Volume-Presser Sensor 18 is an elastic element 12 in a spring model; and

[0213] Figure 1 shows an example of the structure for Volume-Presser Sensor 18. The elements and functions of the structure for Volume-Presser Sensor 18 are the following: [0214] An elastic medium for the magnitude sensor that makes up the movement, work, and volume which, in this embodiment, is basically an elastic element 12 in a physical gaseous state; and

[0215] A medium fora presser, which in this preference can be a sheet, specialized for six functions to:

1. Delimit the surface perimeter for force application; and

2. Trace the volume trajectory in a control volume in response to the deformation of the elastic element 12; and

3. Be a medium for a sheet where the forces of the elastic element 12 act on; and

4. Be a medium for a sheet where the work of the elastic element 12 acts on; and

5. Be a medium for a sheet where the translation movement and the alternative linear movement of the elastic element 12 act on; and

6. Be a medium for a where that the volume of the elastic element 12 acts on; and

[0216] In this embodiment, the presser medium is basically a sheet 40 that occupies the contact surface of the Rive Rocci cuff; and

[0217] Also, means to support the elastic element 12 which allows force input and applies force output; [0218] Which, in this embodiment, is basically a plastic structure 27a to support the elastic element 12 that also has the elements for the force of input FI, and also has walls to contain the elastic element 27b with displacement allowance to produce work based on change in volume D\L The walls to contain the elastic element 27b are attached to the sheet 40 by a mechanical coupling. The sheet 40 is the application surface for the force of output F2; and,

[0219] A means to convert the deformation of the elastic element 12 into a measurable force signal. In this embodiment, the means is basically two sheet 105 that are free to move in the space caused by the force of deformation that is exerted by the elastic element 12. The two sheets 105 are mechanically coupled to a Linear Variable Displacement Transducer 110 (LVDT). A difference of force will cause that the sheets change distance, and the distance is proportional to force.

[0220] Said means to convert the deformation of the elastic element 12 can be any transducer, such as transducers of distance, force, or pressure with treatment to measure force; combined with,

[0221] A means to convert the displacement of the surface for force application to a measurable signal, which is comprised of: a. A length signal of depth level; and also, the function of b. A length signal of work displacement; and also, the function of c. A "Z-axis" signal of volume trajectory; and,

[0222] In this embodiment, this means of conversion is basically a plaque 610 with a mark for level reference 54 that has a mechanical coupling to both plaques 610 to detect the amount of distance between them starting at 0. One of these plaques 610 is coupled with the sheet 40, and the other plaque 610 is coupled with the Linear Variable Displacement Transducer 110 (LVDT) to transform the movement of the plaques 610 into an electrical voltage that is proportional to the displacement length of the sheet 40; combined with: [0223] A means to convert the deformation of the elastic element and trajectory of the sheet into a measurable signal of area and length that defines the volume of a control volume. In this embodiment, this means is comprised of three combined components: a. A component to detect the length of the "Z- axis." This component is, basically, formed by the following elements: plaque 610 with a mark for level reference 54, sheet 40, Linear Variable Displacement Transducer 110 (LVDT), and plaques 610.

As already explained, the plaque 610 with a mark for level reference 54 points out the displacement of the sheet 40; this displacement is transmitted to the Linear Variable Displacement Transducer 110 (LVDT) by means of a mechanical coupling between both plaques 610. These plaques 610 together produce a signal that corresponds to the length of the "Z-axis" in the function of time. b. A component to detect area. This component is a microcontroller 22 that receives the signal of the length of the "Z- axis." This signal in the function of time is considered as a radius in a mobile way, and it is related to data with a numerical value equal to p that is recorded in the memory controlled by the microcontroller. When combining both values, radius squared multiplied by p, the value of the area is produced. c. A third component is made up of data with an equal numerical value to the length of "X-axis" 17 which corresponds to an axis of the contact surface of the sheet 40. This data of the value of "X-axis" 17 is placed in the memory controlled by the microcontroller, and it is related to the area value to estimate the amount of volume. This amount of volume is associated with time.

[0224] IV. Operation of an Instrument for Measuring Physical Dynamic State Variables of a fluid for Working and Radial Volume 16

[0225] An instrument for measuring physical dynamic state variables of a fluid, also called Dynamic balance, measures physical dynamic state variables based on the work generated by a change in volume. Therefore, mass, density, and temperature are excluded. The measurements are made by mechanical energy, which is generated by the deformation of an elastic element under force control, [0226] and space among the three axes. The measurements are produced when the space and forces with respect to the time of the elastic element interact with the space and forces of the fluid subject to measurement. [0227] The operating principle of this instrument for measurement 16 consists of transforming the energy generated by the elastic deformation of an elastic element 12 into measurements performed by comparing the physical dynamic state variables of a fluid confined inside a container that has expandable walls such as a latex, artery, vein, or interstitial space.

[0228] The measurement is made by the set of elements formed by the Volume-Presser Sensor 18, the transducer for force 110, the transducer for distance 451, a circuit for signal conditioning 26, the microcontroller 22, and an output signal device 23 which finally transmits the measurement results. An output signal equipment for acquiring a signal from said means to control energy changes wherein said output signal equipment is configured to provide at least one indication of the value of the measurement of the group formed by variables inherent to a physical dynamic state. [0229] The sensor 18 of the instrument for measurement 16 is formed by a set of elements to detect work and volume. Also, it is possible to call it an elastic element useful for the work sensor and the volume sensorthat is used as a sensorfor physical dynamic state variables. With the elasticity and surface of this element, the five stages of operation of the measuring instrument are produced, which are the sensor stage which comprises compression, comparison and detection; the transducer stage; the conditioning stage; the processing stage; and the output stage of the signal.

[0230] At the compression stage of the sensor. In an initial "instant of time t," the control volume CV 14 coincides with the same space that the fluid subject to measurement occupies.

[0231] Therefore, both control volume CV 14 and the fluid subject to measurement have identical shape and volume. [0232] The control volume CV 14 is considered to be fixed. A difference of force between the exterior and the elastic element 12 generates the difference in force that deforms the elastic element 12. This deformation causes the interaction of forces between the sheet 40 and the fluid subject to [0233] measurement. Therefore, sheet 40 is the means to transmit the force of deformation to the fluid subject to measurement.

[0234] In the "instant of time t," the sensor 18 has exercised an initial work of action on the fluid, the sheet 40 is accelerated, and the fluid is displaced with respect to the control volume 14, which stays fixed. Consequently, the sheet 40 describes the volume trajectory, composed by the force application area and the distance that has traveled in the region of the control volume 14.

[001] In this instant of time t, the work of the sheet 40 on the fluid is so close to zero as a limit function of work. [0235] In this instant of time t, both force of action of the sensor and the reaction force of the fluid form the initial force field [bi] that is also called section [bi]. Section [bi] is unstable and forms periodic oscillations caused by the change in volume with respect to the time of the fluid subject to measure.

[0236] Subsequently, the balance 16 applies successive loads of force to the fluid subject to measurement. In each applied load of force, the sheet 40 of the sensor travels a fraction more occupying more space of the control volume 14 which simultaneously vacates the fluid subject to measurement; and

[0237] A load of the force applied by the balance causes the last displacement of sheet 40; this last job happens in the instant of time T + DT.

[0238] In the approach of the sensor: the force loading action due to deformation of the elastic element 12 produces the last displacement of the sheet 40, and, in the approach of the fluid, the reaction of vacating the fluid travels the last fraction of the diameter in the control volume 14.

[0239] In this instant of time T + DT, the fluid has vacated the control volume 14 in the total amount of space that can be vacated by effort.

[0240] From this load of force and displacement in the instant T + DT, loads of force by deformation of the elastic element 12 do not cause displacement of the sheet 40. [0241] Therefore, the deformation of the elastic element 12 and the displacement of the sheet 40 have exercised the final work action, and the sheet 40 has traveled the application surface until the force field [b2] which is also called section [b2]. The arrow of one continuous black line is the displacement of the sheet 40, and the arrow of intermittent lines is the displacement of the fluid.

[0242] The control volume stays fixed between sections [bi] and [b2] where: section [bi] corresponds to the initial force field in the instant T with respect to the limit of initial displacement in the distance of the diameter of the fluid, and section [b2] corresponds to the final force field in the instant T + DT with respect to the limit of final displacement in the distance of the diameter of the fluid.

[0243] Therefore, the space traveled by the sheet 40 with respect to time is a distance limited by the force field [bi] and by the force field [b2]. Also, this space is in the direction of the interaction of forces and is the distance of the length of the diameter of the elastic tube.

[0244] In this instant of time T + DT, the force caused by the deformation of the elastic element 12 has exchanged force of energy until reaching a point of equilibrium with the force exerted by the fluid to expand the diameter of the control volume 14. Therefore, every load of force applied by the balance after the instant of time T + DT does not produce a displacement of the sheet 40 because there is no fluid to be displaced.

[0245] Adding another load of force from outside to the elastic element 12 generates the difference of force that deforms the elastic element 12. This deformation causes an increase in force. However, the application surface of the sheet 40 does not exert displacement. Consequently,

[0246] The load of force action of the balance produces work by the effect ofvacating of the fluid, followed by another load of force where the reaction of load of force changes does not produce the reaction ofvacating of the fluid. Consequently, it does not produce work. [0247] This change of reaction is useful to determine that the sheet 40 has traveled the total diameter of the fluid. Consequently: a. The displacement that sheet 40 has performed with respect to time from t to T +

DT is equivalent to the length of the diameter in the control volume dislodged by the fluid; and b. The force of deformation of the elastic element 12 in the instant T + DT is equivalent to the radial expansion force of the fluid. c. The volume that is described by the trajectory that the sheet 40 has traveled is equivalent to the control volume 14 that the fluid has dislodged. d. The work exerted by the force of deformation of the elastic element 12 and the displacement of the sheet 40 is equivalent to the work exerted by the fluid to expand the radius. e. The pressure based on work and volume of the deformation of the elastic element 12 and the trajectory of the sheet 40 is equivalent to the pressure that the fluid exerts based on volume and work. f. The frequency of the alternative movement mechanism performed by the sheet 40 by means of a repetitive movement in the inward and outward direction of the control volume 14 is equivalent to the frequency of radial movement of the fluid. g. The variation of the frequency per unit of time (dysrhythmia in Hertz units over seconds) of the alternative movement mechanism performed by the sheet 40 through a repetitive movement in the inward and outward direction of the control volume 14 is equivalent to the dysrhythmia of the radial movement of the fluid. h. The variation of the volume by unit of time of the volume described by the trajectory that the sheet 40 has traveled in two successive cycles is equivalent to the variation of the volume by unit of time in two successive cycles of the radial movement of the fluid. i. The relationship established between the distance traveled by the sheet 40 and the time that invests in it in the outward direction of the control volume 14 is equivalent to the velocity of radial movement of the fluid. j. The relationship established between work and time of the deformation of the elastic element 12 and the displacement of the sheet 40 is equivalent to the power of fluid to expand the borders of the control volume 14.

[0248] V. About the Comparison of Magnitudes

[0249] About the comparison of the volume dimension. [0250] An external energy deforms the elastic element 12, which displaces the sheet 40, and the sheet deforms the volume of the fluid subject to measurement.

[0251] Then, this volume change of the elastic element in the sensor 18 is compared with the volume change of the fluid subject to measurement in the control volume 14.

[0252] Also, the surface of the sensor 18, which is in contact with the surface of the fluid, allows the comparison of the X-axis length, or Y-axis length, or both axes, of the sensor with the corresponding X-axis, or Y-axis, or both axes, of the fluid.

[0253] In other words, the Instrument for Measuring Physical Dynamic State Variables of a fluid 16 exerts an exchange of mechanical energy in the form of work with the fluid subject to measurement. This exchange of energy allows comparing volume, area, X-axis, or Y-axis of the contact surface of the fluid and the measuring instrument 16. This comparison is to detect any of the following measurements: area, X-axis length, Y-axis length, both axes, or all the measurements.

[0254] The space covered by the sheet 40 with respect to time is a distance limited by the force field [bi] and the force field [b2] which is in the force interaction direction and is the distance of the length of the diameter of the elastic tube. [0255] VI. About Velocity Comparison.

[0256] Having located an initial force field [bi] by means of the Instrument for Measuring Physical Dynamic State Variables of a fluid 16, another external energy charge deforms the elastic element 12 of the sensor 18. Consequently, the sheet 40 performs work on the fluid, and the fluid reacts by vacating the space. Hence, the force field created by the contact surface of the sheet 40 of the sensor, and the contact surface of the fluid cover a distance [Dc], from [bi] which is the point [A], to other point of equilibrium, that is the point [B] which can be located at any point in the distance to the point of force field [b2] of the control volume 14. [0257] And at this point of equilibrium [B], the force of the sensor 18 is held in an expandable range of variation, so that it is considered constant force during the interval of time for the velocity measurement.

[0258] Therefore, when the fluid pressure is greater than the pressure of the sheet 40, the fluid moves the sheet 40 in the space of the control volume, and the fluid is displaced in the direction of the force fields, in a sense from [b2] to [bi], in the distance from the intermediate point [B], to the initial point [A] in an interval of time [At].

[0259] This causes the fluid to recover the space that previously was vacated. Therefore, the distance covered in an interval of time by the fluid in the control volume 14 is equivalent to the distance covered by the sheet 40 with the same direction and at the same time. [0260] Consequently, the distance covered in an interval of time by the sheet 40, with respect to the level 54, is compared with the velocity of the fluid to travel the distance from the intermediate point [B] to the initial point [A] in the same interval of time [At].

[0261] Therefore, the velocity of deformation of the elastic element 12 is proportional to the velocity of expansion of the fluid subject to measurement in the control volume 14. [0262] That is to say, the measuring instrument 16 exerts an exchange of mechanical energy, in the form of velocity with the fluid subject to measurement, and this is to detect the measurement of the velocity of movement of the fluid. [0263] VII. About the comparison of Work, Pressure, and Volume

[0264] An external energy charge deforms the elastic element 12 of the sensor 18. Consequently, the force of the elastic element 12 is transmitted, by means of the sheet 40, to the fluid. Therefore, the fluid performs displacement in the direction of the force, and the movement of the sheet 40 moves the fluid in the space of the control volume 14.

[0265] Then, when the elastic element 12 makes work, the contact surface of the sheet 40 makes a trajectory of volume in the space vacated by the fluid.

[0266] Consequently, an energy amount of the sensor 18, in the form of work, has displaced a volume of fluid by means of pressure, and the volume vacated by the fluid is occupied by the sensor 18. Because of this, the pressure is the amount of work divided by the displaced volume

Force Energy Work

PV6SSllT6 — - - -

Area Volume Volume

[0267] Therefore, the mechanical energy of the elastic element 12 in the form of force and displacement interacts with the mechanical energy of force and displacement of the fluid. [0268] Consequently, the volume described by the trajectory of the sheet 40 is compared with the volume vacated by the fluid.

[0269] Also, the pressure based on the energy of work per volume unit of the sensor 18 is compared with the fluid pressure based on the energy of work per volume unit.

[0270] Also, the work produced by the changes of volume of the sensor 18 is compared with the displacement and the force of the fluid.

[0271] VIII. About the Comparison of Work per Volume Variation.

[0272] The sensor 18 makes a comparison of work per volume variation when it interacts with a fluid in a control volume 14.

[0273] During the measuring process, the fluid expands the borders of control volume 14 by means of work per volume variation. At the same time, the fluid receives the work of sensor 18. [0274] Consequently, there is a transference of energy that makes the comparison between work per volume variation of the fluid with the work per volume variation of the sensor 18.

[0275] In the case of work and volume. In an interval of time, a charge of external energy deforms the elastic element 12, and this produces work over the sheet 40. Then, the sheet 40 will perform a displacement that deforms the fluid in the space of the control volume 14; and with the traveled distance of displacement, the sheet 40 describes a volume trajectory which corresponds to the volume in the space vacated by the fluid.

[0276] Due to the above, the force of deformation of the elastic element 12 has been compared in an interval of time with the force of deformation of the fluid; the displacement of the sheet 40 has been compared in an interval of time with the distance of deformation of the fluid in the direction of force; and the volume described by the trajectory of the sheet 40 has been compared in an interval of time with the volume vacated by the fluid in control volume 14.

[0277] Following the same physical phenomenon, in the interaction of the sensor 18 and the fluid, the work varies from an initial work to a final work going through states of pressure and intermediate volume; each state corresponds to a time in a timeline.

[0278] Then, the sensor 18 has compared the variation of work per volume change with the dynamic state of the fluid in the control volume 14, and the comparison is performed in each time of the timeline where the time corresponds to a state of volume-pressure, and the evolution of the movement can be cyclic.

[0279] As shown in this description, the element sensor 18 of the measuring instrument 16 is useful as a physical element for sensing physical dynamic state magnitudes of the fluid. The element sensor 18 acts by means of the combination of the elastic element 12 and the sheet 40 to compare work, volume, and pressure. [0280] In this invention of the Instrument for Measuring Physical Dynamic State Variables of a fluid

16, the natural phenomenon useful to detect physical dynamic state magnitudes used by the sensor 18 is the deformation of the elastic element 12 and the surface factor of the sheet 40. (The surface factor might be a known axis or two known axis of the sheet 40). [0281] Said in other words for more clarity, the sensor 18 is an elastic element useful to compare force and displacement of the physical dynamic state variables, and the movement of the surface of the sheet 40 is useful to compare volume. Together, the elastic element 12 and the surface sheet 40 describe a volume trajectory that compares work changes of volume in the physical dynamic states of the fluid to know the magnitudes that compose the movement of force and volume change of the fluid.

[0282] Consequently, the work produced by the volume change of the sensor 18 is a mechanism useful for comparison of physical dynamic state variables where the elastic element 12 compares the force and displacement, and the sheet 40 compares the volume described by the trajectory of displacement. Both elastic element 12 and sheet 40 compare the work per volume variation in the dynamic physical states of pressure and volume of the fluid.

[0283] The central idea of the previous comparison of work per volume variation clearly shows the utility of the combination of dynamometer and volumeter to provide a measuring instrument 16 that measures the physical dynamic state variables.

[0284] Also, the deformation of the elastic element 12 and the displacement of the sheet 40 in the time unit are useful to compare the power of the measuring instrument 16 with the mechanical power of the fluid in a control volume, and, with this, measure the mechanical power of the fluid in a control volume. [0285] The sensor 18 of the measuring instrument 16 is composed of an elastic element 12, where a sheet 40 is coupled. Forces can be applied to the sheet 40 which deform the elastic body material in which a constant of proportionality of elasticity acts.

[0286] And the displacement of the sheet 40, which was provided by the deformation of the elastic element 12, acts as a constant of proportionality for the volume that describes the trajectory of the sheet 40.

[0287] Different magnitudes interact in the operation of the sensor 18; with these magnitudes, relationships of force, work and volume for a fluid in motion can be established; and with these relationships, the values of the magnitudes that interact in the physical phenomenon of fluid movement can be calculated.

[0288] Example: the elastic element 12 produces deformations with an alternating linear motion to compare frequency and dysrhythmia; and this transfers an alternating linear mechanism to the sheet 40.

[0289] Consequently, the frequency of movement of the elastic element 12 in each time is formed by two opposite movements that compose a cycle of alternation, they are called: time of mechanism for deformation and time of mechanism for restoration. [0290] Hence, the sensor 18 exchanges the mechanical energy for deformation and restoration with the mechanical energy for expansion and reduction of the fluid in the control volume 14.

[0291] Therefore, the events of deformation and restoration of the elastic element 12 are compared with the events of expansion and reduction of the diameter of the fluid in a control volume 14 to compare the number of repetitions per unit of time of the intermittent linear motion of the sensor 18 with the periodic motion of the diameter of the fluid.

[0292] Thus, the deformation of the elastic element 12 and the displacement of the sheet 40 are useful to compare the frequency of motion of a fluid in the control volume 14.

[0293] The elastic element 12 produces deformations with alternating linear motion, and this transfers an alternating linear mechanism to the sheet 40. [0294] Consequently, the frequency, or the number of events by deformation of the elastic element 12 in an interval of time, corresponds to the repetitive movement in and out of the control volume that the sheet 40 performs.

[0295] Then, the frequency of the deformation of the elastic element 12 and the repetitive motion of the surface of the sheet 40 produces a series of successive frequencies in an interval of time. [0296] Therefore, the sensor 18 exchanges oscillatory mechanical energy with the fluid in a control volume 14. Hence, a series of frequencies in an interval of time of the sensor is compared with a series of frequencies in an interval of time of the fluid. [0297] Hence, the deformation of the elastic element 12 and displacement of the sheet 40 are useful to produce alternating linear motion in an interval of time.

[0298] Also, the deformation of the elastic element 12 and the displacement of the sheet 40 are useful to compare a series of frequencies in an interval of time of the sensor with a series of frequencies in an interval of time of the motion of a fluid in a control volume. This comparison allows a user to control the frequency of the motion.

[0299] Also, the deformation of the elastic element 12 and the displacement of the sheet 40 are useful to compare the motion of dysrhythmia of the sensor with the motion of dysrhythmia of the fluid. In other words:

[0300] The variation of the frequency per time unit of the sensor is compared with the variation of the frequency per time unit of the fluid in a control volume. This comparison is useful to measure the magnitude of dysrhythmia in Hertz/second of the motion of a fluid such as the radial motion of the artery, which indicates the dysrhythmia of the motion of the heart. [0301] IX. About the Stage of Detection

[0302] For the purpose of measuring physical dynamic state variables, pressure, volume, and the variables that cause the fluid behavior, such as work, power, velocity, volume changes with respect to time, frequency in events, and dysrhythmia, this Instrument for Measuring Physical Dynamic State Variables of a fluid 16, in this preference, is required to only detect the variables: X-axis or Y-axis length, Z-axis length, force, frequency and time, due to the physical dynamic state variables; and also, the variables that are not of the state but cause the state, that are related to each other, in the physical phenomenon.

[0303] X. About How to Detect a Force Field at One Point in the Direction of Force with a Presser- Sensor 18 [0304] Detection of a force field at one point in the direction of force by means of a presser-sensor

18 is a process of three steps: [0305] First step, place the presser-sensor 18 on the elastic container that has the fluid subject to measurement inside; second step, deform the elastic element and apply force over the surrounding of the fluid, covering a distance in the direction of the force with the sheet 40; and experimenting with a relatively constant force of reaction, continue applying force until a change is found in the force of reaction; and third step, detect one point in the covered distance which is the point of state variation, where the signal of the initial force field (or the lower limit of work), is located, and send the signal to the next stage.

[0306] The basic elements of the presser-sensor 18 are an elastic element 12, a sheet 40, and a structure 27 for support of the sheet and the elastic element.

[0307] In the first step, the fluid subject to measurement such as a volume of blood wrapped by an arterial wall and organic tissue; or a volume of blood in veins wrapped by organic tissue; or a volume of interstitial fluid wrapped by organic tissue; or a fluid of any kind inside a container with expandable walls such as latex, must be in an elastic container with expandable walls. The fluid distends the internal diameter of the tube at the expense of volume and pressure.

[0308] In the second step, by experiencing forces of action and reaction, the elastic element 12 is deformed, and by means of the sheet 40, an action force is applied to the surrounding of the fluid; then, the surrounding of the fluid responds with a reaction force.

[0309] Analyzing the reaction force: If the reaction force is relatively constant, that is to say, the value of increase of the reaction force is inside of the "interval of values of force for the evolution of the surrounding," then,

[0310] The point in the direction of force, where the action and reaction force event are taking place, is still in the surrounding region.

[0311] In other words, this specific change shows that the reaction force has an interruption in the response form, and shows the variation of state or signal intensity.

[0312] Therefore, this reaction force with data outside of the "interval of values of force for the evolution of the surrounding" indicates that a force field is located at this point of direction of the force. [0313] And this force field corresponds to the action forces of the sensor 18 and the reaction forces of the fluid on the border of the control volume 14.

[0314] In the third step, the signal of the force field is detected at the point located in the direction of the force in the control volume of the fluid by the presser-sensor 18 and the signal is sent to the next stage.

[0315] Consequently, this sensor 18 is useful for a user to detect a force field at one point of the force direction of a control volume of fluid.

[0316] For more clarity: the "interval of values of force for the evolution of the surrounding" is a set of data from certain force change until a determined force change to limit the reaction force of the surroundings.

[0317] Therefore, an action force with a reaction force that is out of the "interval of values of force for the evolution of the surrounding," indicates the detection of a force field.

[0318] XI. About How to Make the Detection of Length with a Presser-Sensor 18 [0319] Detection of length with a presser-sensor 18 is a process of three steps: first step, place the presser-sensor 18 on the elastic container that has the fluid subject to measurement inside; second step, deform the elastic element until, by means of the sheet 40, an energy exchange is produced in the form of work with the fluid to confront the contact surfaces of the sensor and of the fluid; and third step, detect the length signal of the X-axis, or detect the length signal of the Y-axis, or detect the length signals of both axis on a plane in a control volume of fluid, and send the signal to the next stage.

[0320] The basic elements of the presser-sensor 18 are an elastic element 12, a sheet 40 with two marks on the contact surface which limits a segment in the direction of an axis, and a structure 27 for support of the sheet and the elastic element. [0321] In the first step, the fluid subject to measurement, such as a volume of blood wrapped by an arterial wall and organic tissue, or a volume of blood in veins wrapped by organic tissue, or a volume of interstitial fluid wrapped by organic tissue, or a fluid of any kind inside a container with [0322] expandable walls such as latex, can be in an elastic container with expandable walls which distends the internal diameter of the tube at the expense of volume and pressure.

[0323] In the second step, the surface with both marks in the direction of the axis of the sheet 40 makes pressure and contact with the contact surface of the fluid in the control volume 14, confronting the contact surface of the sheet 40 with the contact surface of the fluid subject to measurement, and detecting the amount of distance in the control volume of the fluid located in the space between both marks in the direction of an axis of the sheet 40.

[0324] For the third step, in this embodiment of the Instrument for Measuring Physical Dynamic State Variables of a fluid 16, the value of the length of the axis is placed in a memory used by the processor based on the value of the distance between both marks in an axis of the sheet 40.

[0325] Consequently, this sensor 18 is useful for a user to detect the length of the distance of an axis of the control volume of the fluid by means of pressure and contact.

[0326] XII. About How to Make the Detection of the Length of Z-Axis, or Depth, or Length of the Diameter, or Displacement with a Presser-Sensor 18

[0327] Detection of the length of depth, diameter, or displacement of Z-axis with a presser-sensor 18 is a process of three steps: first step, place the presser-sensor 18 on the elastic container that contains the fluid subject to measurement; second step, deform the elastic element until, by means of the sheet 40, an energy exchange is produced in the form of work with the fluid to determine the relationship of distance between the distance occupied by the sensor 18 and the distance vacated by the fluid in the control volume 14; and third step, detect the Z-axis length signal; or detect the depth of the control volume of the fluid; or detect the signal of diameter of the control volume of the fluid; or detect the length signal of displacement in a control volume of the fluid, and send the signal to the next step. [0328] The basic elements of the presser-sensor 18 are an elastic element 12, a sheet 40 which moves with respect to a level 54, and a structure 27 for support of the sheet and the elastic element. [0329] In the first step, the fluid subject to measurement in an elastic container can be: a volume of blood wrapped by an arterial wall and organic tissue, or a volume of blood in veins wrapped by organic tissue, or a volume of interstitial fluid wrapped by organic tissue, or a fluid of any kind inside a container with expandable walls such as latex.

[0330] In the second step, deform the elastic element and accelerate the sheet 40 with respect to level 54. This deformation is in successive events, and each event corresponds to an instant of time that transmits force and displacement through the sheet 40. Also, in each event, energy is exchanged in the form of work with the fluid. [0331] Consequently, each instant of time correspondsto one force and displacement of the sheet

40 inward of the control volume 14, which interacts simultaneously with a reaction force and with a vacancy effect of the fluid in the control volume 14. This happens in successive events.

[0332] Then, when the instant of time that the action of force charge of the sensor does not have the effect that produces the vacated reaction of fluid, this indicates that the previous charge and displacement were the last interaction of work of the sensor and the fluid. Hence, the event where the sensor has traveled the total space that the fluid occupies has been detected.

[0333] Therefore, the distance of the trajectory covered by the sheet 40 corresponds to the length of the diameter of the control volume that the fluid has vacated; which is also the Z-axis length of the control volume; which is also the length of displacement for measuring of work; which is also the length of depth of the fluid.

[0334] Because of this, the length of the distance in the control volume of the fluid located in the space between the displacement of the sheet 40 with respect to the level 54 is detected. This distance corresponds to the distance vacated by the fluid in the control volume 14.

[0335] For the third step, in this embodiment of the measuring instrument 16, a mechanical coupler is used to convert the displacement of the sheet 40 with respect to level 54 into a measurable form. The Linear Variable Displacement Transducer 110 (LVDT) can be the device used for said conversion, and the signal of this transducer 451 is sent to the signal conditioning stage.

[0336] [0337] Consequently, this sensor 18 is useful for a user to detect the length of the distance of an axis of the control volume of the fluid by means of compression where the length signal can be the Z-axis length of the volume, or the length signal of displacement for work, or length signal of fluid depth, or length signal of the diameter of the control volume of a fluid.

[0338] XIII. About How to Make the Detection of Force with a Presser-Sensor 18

[0339] Detection of the force of a fluid to expand the borders of a control volume with a presser- sensor 18 is a process of three steps: the first step, place the presser-sensor 18 on the elastic container; the second step, deform the elastic element until, by means of the sheet 40, an energy exchange is produced in the form of work with the fluid to determine the relationship of force between the deformation force of the elastic element 12, and the force that a fluid opposes when it is displaced by a control volume; and third step, detect the force signal that the sheet 40 needs to displace a fluid from the space it occupies in a control volume of fluid, and send the signal to the next step. [0340] The basic elements of the presser-sensor 18 are an elastic element 12, a sheet 40 which moves with respect to a level 54, and a structure 27 for support of the sheet and the elastic element.

[0341] In the first step, the fluid subject to measurement in an elastic container can be: a volume of blood wrapped by an arterial wall and organic tissue, or a volume of blood in veins wrapped by organic tissue, or a volume of interstitial fluid wrapped by organic tissue, or a fluid of any kind inside a container with expandable walls such as latex.

[0342] In the second step, deform the elastic element and accelerate the sheet 40 with respect to the level 54. This deformation is in successive events, and each event corresponds to an instant of time that transmits force and displacement through the sheet 40. Also, in each event, energy is exchanged in the form of work with the fluid. [0343] Consequently, each instant of time corresponds to one action force Fi and one displacement of the sheet 40 inward of the control volume 14, which interacts simultaneously with a reaction force F2 and with a vacancy effect of the fluid in the control volume 14. This happens in successive events. [0344] Then, when the instant of time that the action force Fi of the sensor does not have the effect that produces the reaction force F2 of vacancy of the fluid, this indicates that the previous charge and displacement where the last interaction of the work of the sensor and the fluid. Hence, the event where the sensor has traveled the total space that the fluid occupied has been detected.

[0345] Therefore, the distance of the trajectory covered by the sheet 40 corresponds to the length of the diameter of the control volume that the fluid has vacated. Also, the force produced by the deformation of the elastic element corresponds to the force that the fluid has applied because of vacating the space in control volume 14. [0346] Because of this, the amount of force that is proportional to the deformation of the elastic element 12 is detected. This corresponds to the amount of force that the fluid opposes to be vacated from the space of the control volume 14.

[0347] In the third step, the force signal is detected and sent to the next stage.

[0348] For this third step, in this embodiment of the measuring instrument 16, a mechanical coupler is used to convert the deformation of the elastic element 12 with respect to the structure 27 into a measurable form of force. The Linear Variable Displacement Transducer 110 (LVDT) can be the device used forsaid conversion, and the signal of thistransducer451 is sent to the signal conditioning stage.

[0349] Consequently, this sensor 18 is useful for a user to detect the force that the fluid opposes being vacated from the control volume when said fluid is confined in a compartment with expandable walls such as latex, or organic tissues.

[0350] XIV. About How to Make the Detection of the Instant of Time of the Force Signal, and Detection of the Instant of Time of the Length Signal During Fluid Motion in a Control Volume 14,

Using a Presser-Sensor 18 [0351] Detection of length signals or force signals in instants of time of the motion of fluid in a control volume 14 by means of a presser-sensor 18 is a process of three steps: [0352] First step, place the presser-sensor 18 on the elastic container within the fluid.

[0353] Second step, deform the elastic element of the sensor 18 and displace the sheet 40 to interact the changes of force, displacement, and volume of the sensor with the force, displacement, and volume of the fluid in the control volume 14.

[0354] By this means, the sensor deformation exchanges mechanical energy in the form of force and displacement in successive times with the fluid subject to measurement in the control volume 14. This is to analyze the succession of physical states through which a fluid goes in an interval of time. [0355] Third step, detect the signals: the instant of time for force signal, or instant of time for length signal, or both signals of the fluid in a control volume 14, and send the signals to the next stage.

[0356] The basic elements of the presser-sensor 18 are an elastic element 12, a sheet 40, a level 54, and a structure 27. [0357] In the first step, the fluid subject to measurement in an elastic container can be: a volume of blood with periodic motion wrapped by an arterial wall and organic tissue, or fluid of any kind inside a container with expandable walls such as latex with periodic motion.

[0358] In the second step, the change of length and force of the sensor has been synchronized with the change of length and force of the fluid. [0359] With respect to the above: in each event, a set of three magnitudes acts. This set is comprised of force, length and time. For the case where the fluid subject to measurement has periodic radial motion of expansion and constriction: the interaction of the periodic movement of the fluid with the sensor 18 produces a continuous variation of length along time, and simultaneously, a continuous variation of force along the same time. [0360] Therefore, the set of three magnitudes of force, length and time is organized in the time of the mechanical interaction for analysis of successive signals of said set, from the first time to the last time in an interval of time. [0361] In this way, we are showing the force and length signals in each instant of time, that is to say in certain units of time, where the sample zero of length or force is zero (n=0) and corresponds with the instant t=0; the sample one of length or force is one (n=l) and corresponds with the instant one t=l; the sample two of length or force is two (n=2) and corresponds with the instant t=2, etc.

[0362] In the qualitative analysis of these sets of three signals, each signal can be distinguished among them by their location in time and also, by the amount of force; or the amount of length and also, by the event where the increase of force produces zero displacement. [0363] It is clear that this happens at an appropriate stage of the measurement chain. This information is mentioned here because the electric signal has its origin in the detection of the mechanical signal of the sensor 18.

[0364] In this way, it is possible to detect three signals: force signal, length signal, and time signal. The following are examples for detection of force signals and length signals in instants of time of an interval of time:

I. Detect the instant of time with greater force and greater length.

II. Detect in an interval of time the instant of time with lower force and lower length.

III. Detect in an interval of time the instant of time with greater force.

IV. Detect in an interval of time the instant of time with lower force. V. Detect in an interval of time the instant of time with force, no displacement, and send the signal to the next stage.

[0365] As an example of the utility in detecting three signals of force signal, length signal, and time in an interval of time, we have the measurement of systolic blood pressure, major diastolic, and minor diastolic. [0366] In the third step, a desired instant of time is detected, as in the case of blood pressure. In this measuring instrument 16, pressure P based on work W and volume V is measured: P=W/V. [0367] The signals are shown in figure 5A. An example to detect the systolic blood pressure signal 34, can be: [0368] Detect an interval of time between two instants of time where a magnitude is repeated, for example from the instant of time 36 until the next instant of lower time 36 (36-36).

[0369] To detect the systolic blood pressure signal 34: Detect the instant of time with higher work in an interval of time (36-36) and calculate at this point (Pressure=Work/ Volume); the detected pressure is the systolic pressure 34. [0370] And to detect the low diastolic blood pressure signal 36: Detect the instant of time with lower work in an interval of time (36-36) and calculate at this point the pressure (Pressure=Work/ Volume); the detected pressure is the systolic pressure 36.

[0371] And to detect the high diastolic blood pressure signal 35: Detect the instant of time with higher work in an interval of time (36-36) and then, the successive instant of time with higher work value, and calculate at this point the pressure (Pressure=Work/ Volume); the detected pressure is the diastolic pressure 35.

[0372] For this third step, in this embodiment of the Instrument for Measuring Physical Dynamic State Variables of a fluid 16, a mechanical coupler is used between the point of application and the structure 27. With this, the deformation of the elastic element 12 is converted to the form of force signal with respect to time. The Linear Variable Displacement Transducer 110 (LVDT) can be the device used for said conversion. And the signal of this transducer is sent to the next stage.

[0373] Also, in this embodiment of the measuring instrument 16, a mechanical coupling is used between the sheet 40 and the level 54; and with this, the displacement of the sheet 40 is converted to a form of distance signal with respect to time. The Linear Variable Displacement Transducer 110 (LVDT) can be the device used for said conversion. And the signal of this transducer is sent to the next stage. [0374] Consequently, this sensor 18 is useful for a userto detect the instants of time from an initial instant of time until a final instant of time in an interval of time where each instant of time corresponds to two signals: force and length. [0375] XV. About How to Make the Detection of Frequency of the Work Values in an Interval of

Time with a Presser-Sensor 18

[0376] Detection of the frequency signals in an interval of time in the movement of a fluid in a control volume 14 by means of a presser-sensor 18 is a process of three steps.

[0377] First step, place the presser-sensor 18 on the elastic container within the fluid. [0378] Second step, deform the elastic element of the sensor 18 and displace the sheet 40 for the mechanism with alternative linear motion of the sensor 18 to interact with the mechanism with alternative linear motion of the fluid in the control volume 14. Then, the sensor 18 detects the presence of a repeated variable because of occupying and vacating space in an interval of time by means of the sheet 40. This is the same space the fluid occupies and vacates in the control volume 14.

[0379] The effect of detection of frequency is a mechanism with repetitive movement towards deformation and recovery of the elastic element 12. This mechanism activates the transduction stage and other stages in the measuring chain for frequency and the time frame of the frequency.

[0380] Third step, detect the frequency signals in an interval of time of the movement that the fluid exerts because of the work changes in a control volume 14 and send the signals to the next stage.

[0381] The basic elements of the presser-sensor 18 are an elastic element 12, a sheet 40, a level 54, and a structure 27.

[0382] In the first step, the fluid subject to measurement in an elastic container can be: a volume of blood with periodic motion wrapped by an arterial wall and organic tissue, or fluid of any kind inside a container with expandable walls, such as latex with periodic motion. [0383] In the second step, the elastic element of the sensor 18 is deformed and the sheet 40 is displaced inwards of the control volume 14, so that the mechanism with alternative linear motion of the sensor 18 interacts with the mechanism with alternative linear motion of the fluid. Then, the sensor 18 detects the presence of a repeated variable because of occupying and vacating space in an interval of time by means of the sheet 40. This is the same space the fluid occupies and vacates in the control volume 14.

[0384] The effect of detection of frequency is a mechanism with repetitive movement towards deformation and recovery of the elastic element 12. This mechanism activates the transduction stage and other stages in the measuring chain for frequency and time frame of the frequency.

[0385] In this way, sensor 18, by means of the frequency of motion of the elastic element 12, detects the frequency of movement of the fluid. Then, the sensor 18 can transmit mechanical signals with the number of times that a movement made by deformation and restoration is repeated during an interval of time. [0386] That is to say, the detected mechanical frequency signal is frequency / zero when the frequency has not been detected (n = 0) and has a time frame of zero (T = 0); and when the movement signal is repeated, then the frequency sample is one (n = 1) and has a time frame of one (T = 1); and when the movement signal is repeated, the frequency sample of movement is two (n = 2) and has a time frame of two (T = 2), etc. [0387] Therefore, the sensor 18 has detected the frequency of movement of the fluid, and this signal is sent to the next stage.

[0388] In the third step, the frequency of movement of the fluid is detected, and this signal is sent to the next stage.

[0389] The signals are shown in figure 5B. [0390] Consequently, this sensor 18 is useful for a user to detect the frequency of a fluid with alternative linear motion; for example, the expansion and contraction movement of the diameter length in an arterial segment.