FLEXIBLE DRIVE AUTONOMOUS WINDOW ACTUATOR

Field of the Invention

The invention generally relates to systems, methods, and devices relating to causing relative movement between two window frames, such as a window and a window sash.

Background to the Invention

Mechanisms for opening and closing windows are known in which the driving of a first component of a mechanism (e.g. winding a crank) results in a corresponding movement of a chain or lever mechanism connected to a window sash. One such mechanism is a rigid chain actuator.

Rigid chain actuators, also known as linear, push-pull and column-forming chain actuators, are mechanical actuators used for window movement, push-pull material handling, and lift applications. In the case of window operating, rigid chain actuators typically connected at their distal end to a window, and the relative movement of chain or lever (with respect to the window frame) is translated into movement of the window sash.

Rigid chain actuators typically incorporate a pinion (i.e. drive socket) and chain mechanism that forms an articulated telescoping member to transmit traction and thrust to a connected member or body. Such chain actuators can be both manually operated (i.e. hand driven) or powered by a motor.

There are several drawbacks associated with conventional rigid chain actuators. For example, chain actuators require tightly controlled manufacturing tolerances. Chain assembly machines utilise a punch to press the chain rivets. This punch is prone to wear and requires continuous monitoring for adjustment to ensure all rivets and chain links articulate freely. Additionally, the minimum bend radius around the pinion is a limiting factor in allowing for compact storage within a magazine housing. Each of these factors can limit the effectiveness of rigid chain actuators when used with hinged windows, and in particular smaller windows. 2

The actuator path of a hinged window follows an arched path, the centre point of which is located at the hinge. The smaller the windows the more prominent this arc, and, in such applications, stresses, friction, and wear due to forces acting on the chain perpendicular to its normal bending plane can cause permanent deformation to both the chain and the actuator and cause the chain to buckle under load and the unit to fail.

One example of a rigid chain actuator is described in Australian patent number 2005100534 B4 to Assa Abloy Australia Pty Limited. Rigid chain actuators such as those described in the above patent have been widely adopted and may be considered representative of an industry standard “footprint” that is consistent across various hardware manufacturers producing rigid chain actuators. Such standard footprint of a rigid chain actuator is relatively narrow and long, to thereby enable installation using the space available for such while providing a sufficient space within its magazine housing in which to withdraw the chain when closing the window. Further examples of shape and configuration of rigid chain actuators consistent with this industry standard are shown in Australian Registered Design numbers 131621 and 131622.

To avoid damage to the chain and actuator assembly, many conventional chain actuators are mounted on a pivoting foot allowing the unit to maintain a perpendicular relationship to the opening window sash. However, this solution adds cost and complexity and is often difficult to effectively install insect screens around.

More recently, attempts have been made to solve some of these problems. US Patent No. 7,270,619 to Bourc’His attempts to address this issue through a two-part belt mechanism that integrally joins together and splits apart in a zipper-like fashion. However, the dual rigid belt of Bourc’His requires a relatively increased footprint to accommodate additional gears. The housing for the two belts is therefore substantially increased in size. Additionally, the zipper-like mechanism relies on integrated “shoulders” to prevent the two belts from sliding apart, this limiting its articulation to a two-dimensional plane only.

The present invention was conceived with these problems in mind. 3

Summary of Described Embodiments

According to an embodiment, there is provided a flexible drive for a window operating mechanism, comprising a flexible belt having a longitudinal axis, and a plurality of abutting members arranged therealong, wherein the abutting members are shaped to (i) prevent flexing of the belt in a first direction transverse to the longitudinal axis when the belt is in a first configuration, (ii) allow flexing of the belt in the first direction and an opposing second direction when said flexible belt is in a second configuration; wherein the abutting members are configured to permit twisting of the belt about the longitudinal axis when said belt is in the first configuration.

The first configuration of the belt may be a straight, or at least substantially straight, configuration.

The abutting members may be cast in a mould. Optionally, the belt may be integrally moulded around the abutting members.

Optionally, the flexible belt includes locating features, configured to locate the abutting members located at predetermined positions along a longitudinal axis of the belt. Each locating feature may comprise a pair of indents with respect to the first surface located opposite one another about the longitudinal axis of the belt.

The flexible drive may further comprise at least one locking element configured to secure the abutting members to the belt. The locking element may be shaped to interlock with the abutting member to secure the abutting member to the belt via a friction fit or snap fit. Optionally, the locking element may be formed integrally with the belt. Alternatively, the locking element may be a locking member, locatable between the abutting member and the belt. The locking member may be a clip. The locking member may be a compressible ribbon.

The flexible drive may further comprise a plurality of conductive lines arranged along the length of the flexible drive and electrically isolated from one another along the length of the flexible drive. For example, the first and second conductive lines may correspond to conducting wires affixed to or within the ribbon. The conducting wires may be arranged symmetrically about a central longitudinal axis of the ribbon. The conducting wires may be tension cords configured to provide mechanical reinforcement to the belt. Alternatively, or additionally, the flexible drive may further comprise a 4 security cable, which, for example, may comprise a braided stainless-steel cable. The security cable may provide mechanical reinforcement to the belt.

The belt may further comprise an actuator configured to provide drive to the belt. Optionally, the actuator engages with the belt via a series of teeth extending from the first surface. The teeth may be formed integrally with the belt. Optionally, the flexible drive may further comprise a tensioner configured to bias the belt against the actuator. The tensioner may apply a variable force to the belt. The tensioner may be pivotably mounted within the enclosure.

According to another embodiment, there is provided an opening system for controlling the position of a moveable frame with respect to a fixed frame, comprising: an electrically powered actuator for attachment to the fixed frame and configured to control the position of the moveable frame; a solar electrical generator for attachment to the moveable frame and electrically coupled to the electrically powered actuator; and a controller configured to control the electrically powered actuator to cause a change in position of the moveable frame, wherein the electrically powered actuator is configured to move a flexible drive, as described herein, connected at a distal end to the moveable frame.

Optionally, the electrically powered actuator is located, at least in part, within a housing, wherein the housing is configured to be affixed to the frame or to a structure in a fixed relationship to the frame.

Optionally, the system further comprises one or more sensors interfaced with the controller, and the controller is configured to identify at least one of a closed position and an opened position of the window due to feedback received from the sensor. Optionally, the system further comprises one or more inputs corresponding to the time of day, including parameters such as temperature, air quality and/or humidity.

The electrically powered actuator may be an electric motor configured to move the flexible drive directly, or via one or more gears, such as including a worm gear. The controller may be configured to track the current position of the flexible drive in accordance with a number of rotations of the electric motor. The electric motor may be one of: a brushed or brushless DC-motor; or a stepper motor. The opening system may further comprise a rotary encoder for measuring the rotations of the electric motor. 5

Optionally, the controller and the electrically powered actuator are contained within a housing, and the flexible drive is configured to move through an opening of the housing. The housing may be shaped such as to have a base profile the same as, or compatible with, an existing non-electrical mechanical opening system in accordance with the industry standard “footprint” previously mentioned.

Optionally, the flexible drive is restricted such as to avoid a gap between the moveable frame and the fixed frame exceeding a predefined length. The flexible drive may be restricted by a physical restrictor. The flexible drive may be restricted due to the controller being configured not to extend the flexible drive past a predefined position. Alternatively, or additionally, the flexible drive may be selectively restricted via the motor controller circuit board, for example by way of a switch or similar.

Optionally the system further comprises one or more user devices configured to provide an instruction to move the moveable frame to a position relative to the fixed frame to the controller, and wherein the controller is configured to effect movement to said position in response to receiving the instruction. The user device may be in wireless communication with the controller. The user device may be in communication with the controller via a network such as the Internet. The user device may be a smartphone.

The controller is optionally provided with one or more predefined instructions to cause movement of the moveable frame to a position relative to the fixed frame to the controller, said one or more predefined instructions reliant on a condition being met.

The system typically comprises a battery electrically interfaced with a solar electrical generator and the electrically powered actuator, the battery configured to power the electrically powered actuator. The battery may be chargeable via the solar electrical generator. The solar generator may be located outside of the window and utilise conductive lines within the belt to conduct electricity to the battery. Advantageously, the presence of a battery allows for storage of electrical energy generated by the solar electrical generator. As an additional advantage, the presence of the battery and solar electrical generator may enable continuous operation of the system without an external power source, for example during a power outage.

According to yet another embodiment, there is provided a controller for controlling an electrically powered actuator and a flexible drive, as described herein, moved by the 6 electrically powered actuator, such that in response to control of the controller, the electrically powered actuator is configured to change a position of a moveable frame with respect to a fixed frame through movement of the flexible drive.

The controller may be configured to receive an instruction to move the moveable frame to a position relative to the fixed frame to the controller via a data communication, such as via a wireless network, and wherein the controller is configured to effect movement to said position in response to receiving the instruction.

The present disclosure also includes a flexible drive for a window operating mechanism, comprising a flexible belt having a longitudinal axis, and a plurality of abutting members arranged therealong, wherein the abutting members are shaped to (i) prevent flexing of the belt in a first direction transverse to the longitudinal axis when the belt is in a first configuration, and (ii) allow flexing of the belt in the first direction and an opposing second direction when said flexible belt is in a second configuration.

As used herein, the word “comprise” or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising” is used in an inclusive sense, i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the invention.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, embodiments will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figures 1A and IB show an opening system according to an embodiment;

Figure 2 shows a controller enclosure according to an embodiment;

Figure 3a shows an internal view of the controller;

Figure 3b shows an internal view of an alternative embodiment of the controller;

Figures 4A and 4B show schematic representations of components of the controller and its mode of communication with a user device;

Figure 5 shows a flexible drive according to an embodiment, illustrating a plurality of abutting members arranged along a belt; 7

Figures 6A to 6C show the flexible drive in different states of flex;

Figures 7 A and 7B show a locking element in the form of a backing strip for securing the abutting members to the belt.;

Figures 8A and 8B show an alternative embodiment of the flexible drive, illustrating a locking element in the form of a clip for securing the abutting members to the belt;

Figures 8C and 8D show an alternative embodiment of a clip for securing the abutting members to the belt for use with the flexible drive of Figure 8A;

Figures 9A to 9E show a further alternative embodiment of the flexible drive, in which the belt is integrally moulded around the abutting members;

Figure 10 shows yet a further alternative embodiment of the flexible drive, in which upstanding locking members extend from the belt to secure the abutting members thereto;

Figure 11 shows a bias “bow” of the flexible belt;

Figure 12 shows an embodiment having wired electrical connections between the solar panel and controller separate to the flexible drive;

Figure 13 shows a top-down view of the system according to an embodiment; and

Figure 14 shows an embodiment having a sensor.

Description of Embodiments

The Figures illustrate several embodiments, which can include similar and different features to one another. For ease of reference, the same reference numerals will be used to describe features which can be considered functionally analogous among the various embodiments.

Figures 1A and IB show an opening system 10 for controlling the position of a moveable frame (in the figures herein, the moveable frame is window sash 11) with respect to a fixed frame (in the figures herein, the fixed frame is window frame 12).

Although reference herein is made to a window sash 11 and a window frame 12, other embodiments are envisioned having different fixed frames and moveable frames. Additionally, although the terms “moveable” and “fixed” are utilised, more generally, the 8 features may be any two structures capable of relative movement, preferably but not necessarily limited to rotational movement. The window frame 12 is shown affixed to a wall 18 (presented as dotted lines). For example, the window frame 12 and window sash 11 are located on a wall 18 of a building. The figures show a position control apparatus 13 configured to control the position of the window sash 11 with respect to the window frame 12. In this way, the position control apparatus 13 is able to open and close the window sash 11. In Figure 1A the window sash 11 is shown in a closed position (i.e. it is flush with the window frame 12) and in Figure IB the window is shown in an opened position — in the figure, the window sash 11 opens by rotating about a rotation point 19 away from the window frame 12.

According to an embodiment, the position control apparatus 13 is in data communication with a user device 14. The device may be a consumer device configured for use by consumers, for example a smartphone. The data communication typically comprises wireless communication, for example, corresponding to one or more of: a low-rate wireless personal area network (e.g. as defined by IEEE 802.15.4 and implemented by ZigBee, 6L0WPAN, Thread, and others); a wireless network defined under IEEE 802.il (e.g. IEEE 802.11a, b,g,n,ac, collectively referred to as “WiFi’); a wireless protocol developed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (e.g. Bluetooth, Bluetooth 5, Bluetooth Low Energy, and Bluetooth Mesh); and any other suitable wireless communication technology (in particular a protocol suitable for use in home automation, such as Z-Wave developed by Zensys). The data communication may be via a network hub. The data communication may be via the Internet, and may include (for example) 3G, 4G, 5G, or LPWAN (Low Power Wireless Area Network) technologies. The implementation may use IPv4 or IPv6, the latter of which may be particularly advantageous when the position control apparatus 13 is implemented as part of an

“Internet of Things” model. The position control apparatus 13 can be in data communication with a server, such as a cloud server 15 (see Figure 4B) — in this case, the data communication between the client device 14 and position control apparatus 13 can occur via the cloud server 15. The term “cloud server” is used to indicate a likely server- based implementation but should not otherwise be considered limiting. The network topology may include a mesh and/or hub based topology, and may include a cloud topology. 9

Figures 1 A and IB show a controller 20 affixed to the window frame 12. In general, the controller 20 is located such that it does not move relative to the window frame 12 during operation of the position control apparatus 13. For example, the controller 20 may be affixed to a support (e.g. wall 18) which is itself attached to or integral with the window frame 12. A solar electrical generator in the form of a solar panel 22 is shown affixed to an external surface of the window sash 11 (the solar panel 22 may comprise a plurality of individual panels). Generally, the solar panel 22 is located such that it does not move relative to the window sash 11 (e.g. it may be fixed directly to the window sash 11 or a structure that is in a fixed relationship with the window sash 11) during operation of the position control apparatus 13.

Figure IB also shows a flexible drive 21 extending between the solar panel 22 and the controller 20. The term “flexible drive” as used herein refers to a drive comprising a flexible belt having limited articulation in at least one direction with respect to a primary belt axis. Although not shown in Figure 1A, a portion of the flexible drive 21 may be visible when window sash 11 is in the closed position depending on the arrangement. Advantageously, by having the solar panel 22 affixed to an externally facing surface of the window sash 11 rather than internally to window frame 12, the solar irradiance onto the solar panel 22 is not obstructed by the window frame or diminished by the filtering effect of the glass of the window sash 11.

Figure 2 shows a view of an enclosure 40 of the controller 20. The enclosure 40 can be designed with a base portion shaped such as to match a footprint of an existing mechanical window opening device, such that the controller 20 can readily replace such an existing device (for example, one of the type disclosed in the above referenced Assa Abloy patent). For example, the enclosure 40 can have a shape of an elongate rectangular prism. The enclosure 40 also includes an opening, through which the flexible drive 21 extends. The opening is located towards an end of the enclosure 40. A distal end 31a of the flexible drive is attached to the window sash 11.

Figure 3A shows a view of the controller 20 with the top portion of the enclosure 40 removed. It should be noted that the top portion may or may not be removable. The controller 20 comprises a track 43 which acts to guide the flexible drive 21 such that it moves through an approximately 90-degree bend. Generally, the track 43 may be any 10 structure that causes a change in the direction of movement of the flexible drive 21. A distal end 31a of the flexible drive 21 is attached to the windows sash 11. The proximal end 31b of the flexible drive 21 moves within the enclosure 40 along the track. In some embodiments, the track 43 may include a 180-degree turn at an end of the enclosure 40 opposite to that at which the opening is located. This advantageously allows for a length of the flexible drive 21 significantly longer than the length of the enclosure 40, which enables a larger opening of the window sash 11 with respect to the window frame 12 when compared to the length of the enclosure 40.

Figure 3B shows an alternative embodiment of the controller 20. In this alternative embodiment, the proximal end 31b of the belt drive 21 is fixed within the enclosure 40. As such, there is no need or requirement for a track 43. Rather, the anchoring of the belt drive 21 within the enclosure itself leads to the belt moving through a 180-degree bend about itself as the window is driven inwards and outwards.

The flexible drive 21 is actuated by an electrically powered actuator 23, which typically comprises an electric motor which moves the flexible drive 21. The actuator 23 may optionally include one or more gears through which drive is provided from the motor to the flexible drive 21. Typically, a worm gear 27 is provided such that the flexible drive 21 cannot be moved except by actuation by the electrically powered actuator 23 (or at least, such movement is restricted). When driven by the electrically powered actuator 23, a first portion of the flexible drive 21 within region A moves along a length of the enclosure 40, with a second portion of the flexible drive 21 within region B moving perpendicular to the first portion away through the opening and away from the enclosure 40. Accordingly, during operation of the system 10 when opening the window, the distal end 3 la of the flexible drive 21 moves from a position near (“adjacent”) the opening to a position at a maximum distance (“apart”) from the opening, with the flexible drive 21 moving through the opening, away from the enclosure 40.

In an embodiment, the electrically powered actuator 23 is in electrical connection with a motor controller 24 and a battery 25. The motor controller 24 is configured to cause operation of the electrically powered actuator 23 in order to effect movement of the flexible drive 21. Both the motor controller 24 and the electrically powered actuator 23 typically configured to receive electrical power from the battery 25. 11

According to embodiments, with reference to Figures 4 A and 4B, the motor controller 24 is in data communication with a user device 14. In Figure 4A, the motor controller 24 effectively receives instructions directly from the user device 14 (although, as understood, the data communication can be routed through a data network, such as a home mesh network). In Figure 4B, the motor controller 24 effectively receives instructions indirectly from the user device 14, as said instructions are routed via cloud server 15. For example, the cloud server 15 can be configured to communicate with the user device 14 according to a first protocol (e.g. Application Programming Interface (API)) and with the motor controller 24 via a different, second protocol, such that the cloud server 15 acts to covert communications between the two protocols. The cloud server 15 can also offer data recording functionality.

In either case, the motor controller 24 typically comprises a processor 50 interfaced with a memory 51, a network interface 52, and a motor interface 53. The processor 50 typically includes one or more central processing units, although the processor 50 can also, or instead, comprise more specialised processing unit(s). The processor 50 can be implemented, in full or in part, by other suitable integrated circuit technologies such as a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The memory 51 typically comprises a permanent memory (for example, a re-writeable such as one or both of a FLASH memory and an EEPROM) and a volatile memory (for example, including one or more of: dynamic random- access memory (also known as dynamic RAM or DRAM); and static random-access memory (also known as static RAM or SRAM)). The processor 50 and memory 51 (or a portion thereof) can be implemented within a microcontroller package.

Program instructions are stored in the memory 51 and the processor 50 is configured to read the memory 51 in order to cause the implementation of the functionality described herein. In an embodiment, the program instructions can be replaced (usually through re-writing of a FLASH memory), for example due to an automatic or user activated firmware upgrade. The network interface 52 is configured to enable wireless data communication with the user device 14. Optionally, the network interface 52 includes a wired interface (such as USB). The term “network” should be understood to mean device-to-device communication, whether this is direct communication between two devices or communication via an intranet or the Internet (or another such network). The network may include two or more devices, with the controller 12

24 working in a master-slave relationship therewith. The network interface 52 can be configured to communicate with a cloud server 15. The motor controller 24 can be embodied, at least in part, as a microcontroller.

According to an embodiment, referring to Figure 5, the flexible drive 21 comprises a flexible belt 32 having a first surface 33a from which a plurality of regularly spaced teeth 34 extend (said flexible belt 32 may be referred to as a “toothed belt”). In an embodiment, the flexible drive 21 is formed from a thermoplastic. Referring back to Figures 3 A and 3B, the teeth 34 are configured to interface with a rotating gear 60, such as a spur gear, such that when the rotating gear 60 rotates, the belt 32 is caused to move with respect to the enclosure 40. In the embodiment shown in the figures, the rotating gear 60 is driven by the electrically powered actuator 23 via worm gear 27.

Shown in the embodiment of Figure 3B (although also useable with the embodiment of Figure 3A), a tensioner 30 is accommodated within the enclosure, adjacent to the worm gear 27. The tensioner 30 is configured to bias the belt 32 against the rotating gear 60. In use, the tensioner 30 applies a biasing force onto the belt 32, guiding it into engagement with the rotating gear 60. This results in improved traction and thus smoother operation of the flexible drive 21. Preferably, the tensioner 30 is adapted to apply a variable force to the belt 32. As illustrated, the tensioner 30 is arcuate in shape and pivotably mounted to the housing 40. Accordingly, as the belt 32 is driven, the abutting members 36 push up against the tensioner 30, which then pivots about an axis perpendicular to the turn of the belt 32. The pivoting movement of the tensioner 30 results in an increased force being applied to the belt 32, so as to retain engagement and drive. It is noted, however, that other embodiments of the tensioner 30 are also contemplated, for example a resilient spring member or similar.

Referring back to Figure 5, the belt 32 further comprises locating members, in the present embodiment being a plurality of regularly spaced apart indents 35 located at both edges of the belt 32 and being depressions into the first surface 33a. The indents 35 are grouped into pairs, with indents 35 of a pair located on either side of the plurality of regularly spaced teeth 34 (i.e. on opposite edges with respect to a longitudinal axis of the belt 32). In the embodiment shown, the indents 35 have a spacing (as defined as the distance between the same positions of adjacent indents 35) approximately twice that of 13 the teeth 34. In alternate embodiments (not shown), it is contemplated that the locating members may comprise teeth recesses within the belt 32. Such teeth recesses may be pre formed within the belt 32.

Attached to the belt 32 are a plurality of abutting members 36, typically one for each indent 35. Each abutting member 36 comprises an attachment end 37 and a block end. The attachment end 37 is defined by a cavity defined by a surface of the block end and sidewalls extending from the block end. The abutting members 36 may be formed, for example, from a die-cast alloy or a thermoplastic.

Referring to Figures 6A and 6B, the plurality of abutting members 36 act to restrict a direction of flex of the flexible drive 21 in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the belt 32 when the flexible drive 21 is in a straight configuration (e.g. straight, or substantially straight). In Figure 6A, a portion of the flexible drive 21 is shown, where the flexible drive 21 is an extended configuration. When extended, the abutting members 36 abut one another (that is, an abutting member 36 abuts the two abutting members 36 on either side of it). As the abutting members 36 are held in place with respect to the belt 32, the flexible drive 21 configured to prevent attempts to flex it in the direction of its second surface 33b from the straight position. However, the flexible drive 21 is able to flex in an opposing direction, that is towards the first surface 33a. Figure 6B shows a portion of the flexible drive 21 that has been flexed towards its first surface 33a. As can be seen, there is a space between adjacent abutting members 36 in the region of the flex. Therefore, the flexible drive 21 is able to be flexed from this position in either direction (that is, either towards the first surface 33a or towards the second surface 33b). The abutment members 36 therefore act to prevent flex from a particular position (typically, a straight flexible drive 21) in a particular direction transverse of the longitudinal axis of the belt 32. Best shown in Figure 6C, it is also noted that the abutment members 36 are shaped to allow twisting of the flexible drive 21, along, that is about, the longitudinal axis. Advantageously, the twisting of the flexible drive 21 enables it to follow an arched path, following that of the window. This arcing of the flexible drive 21 can provide an increased operating range of the window (i.e. a larger “opening”), whilst eliminating the requirement for enclosure 40 to be mounted on a pivoting base for the purpose of maintaining a perpendicular relationship with sash 11 to avoid stresses, friction, and wear 14 which would normally cause permanent deformation to a traditional chain and actuator mechanism (as mentioned in the background of the invention).

The twisting of the flexible drive 21 may advantageously result in improved durability of the flexible drive 21 when compared to a conventional rigid chain actuator, whilst the elimination of a pivoting base may advantageously result in improved installation and ease of replacement. Because the flexible drive 21 can twist, there is no need for the belt 32 to be fitted with slack, as is required for conventional rigid chain drives. Determining the correct level of slack in a rigid chain drive is a difficult process and can result in irregular drive of the fitted window, particularly at the extremes of movement. In contrast, the flexible drive 21 is fitted in tension, which results in not only simplified installation but a smoother drive across the complete range of movement.

As shown in the figures, each of the abutting members 36 includes a pocket 41 that is shaped to accommodate at least a portion of a neighbouring or adjacent abutment member 36 therein. These pockets 41 may be advantageous in implementations in which the flexible drive 21 is permitted to twist. The pockets 41 enable the abutting members to remain in contact with one another as the belt 32 is twisted about its longitudinal axis. Accordingly, the applied torque/stresses may be more evenly distributed along the complete length of the belt 32 (and the abutting members 36 nested there along), as opposed to being concentrated at a midpoint. This feature thus enhances the durability of the flexible drive 21. Furthermore, the pockets 41, having a ramped surface, exhibit a return bias or force onto the neighbouring abutting members 36. This return force results in the drive 21 being biased to return to the straight configuration once the applied torque/twisting force is released.

Best shown in Figures 7 A and 7B, in an embodiment, the flexible drive 21 further comprises a backing strip 38 located between the belt 32 and the top surface of the block ends of the abutting members 36. The backing strip 38 acts as a locking member, that is slid between the abutting members 36 and the second surface 33b of the belt 32 to secure the abutting members 36 in position along the belt 32 via a friction fit. The backing strip 38 is flexible, or at least sufficiently flexible to maintain integrity over the range of angles experienced by the flexible drive 21 during operation. The backing strip 38 is also compressible, so as to enable the friction fit between the abutting members 36 and the 15 belt 32. In other embodiments (not shown), at least one of the abutting members 36 or the belt 32 is sufficiently compressible to allow for a friction fit. In an optional variation, the backing strip 38 is formed integrally with the belt 32.

Returning now to Figure 5, the backing strip 38 comprises a ribbon having at least two embedded conductive lines 29a and 29b. The two conductive lines 29a, 29b are electrically isolated from one another throughout the flexible drive 21. The conductive lines 29a, 29b may be arranged symmetrically about the longitudinal axis of the belt 32. In an embodiment, the conductive lines 29a, 29b are formed integrally with the back strip 38. The conductive lines 29a, 29b may comprise tension cords that mechanically reinforce the structural integrity of the belt 32.

The flexible drive 21 may additionally comprise a separate security cable formed from (at least in part) metal or other suitable material, such as a braided stainless-steel cable. The security cable acts as a security measure, for example, by increasing the difficulty of damaging the flexible drive 21 with the purpose of allowing for unauthorised opening of the window sash 11. Alternatively, the tension cords of the conductive lines 29a, 29b as previously described may also provide the function of the security cable.

Figures 8A and 8B show an alternative embodiment in the form of flexible drive 121. In this embodiment, the flexible drive 121 includes abutting members 136 that are secured to a flexible belt 132 by individual locking clips 138. Each clip 138 acts as a locking member, securing a respective abutting member 136 to the belt 132 via a friction fit. The clips 138 are shaped to interlock with the abutting members 136. As illustrated, the clips 138 are L shaped, having a base portion 144 that has a complimentary profile to a block end 135 of a respective abutting member 136, and a substantially planar web portion 146 extending perpendicular thereto.

The base portion 144 is configured to rest between the belt 132 and block end 135, to provide the friction fit therebetween, thereby securing the abutting member 136 to the belt 132. The base portion 144 of each clip 138 includes a contoured lip 145 that snap fits around a lower surface of the block end 135, to thereby interlock the abutting member 136 and clip 138 together. A web portion 146 extends perpendicularly from the base portion 144 of the clip 138. The web portion 146 includes a substantially flat face that is configured to abut against a flat face of an inner side of the block end 135 of the abutting 16 member 136. An opposing ramped face 147 of the web portion 146 is configured to rest within a complimentarily shaped pocket of an outer side of the block end 135 of the abutting member 136. Accordingly, when assembling the flexible drive 121, individual abutting members 136 are first positioned along the belt 132, the attachment portions 137 being located within respective indents 139 along the first surface 133a thereof. Then, individual clips 138 are slid along the second surface 133b of the belt 132, towards and against the abutting member 136. As the base portion 144 is fed under the block end 135, lip 145 snap fits therearound, thereby interlocking the clip 138 and abutting member 136 together and securing the abutting member 136 to the belt 132. Further, with the flexible drive 121 arranged in a straight configuration, the ramped face 147 of each respective clip 138 is received within the complimentary pocket of the neighbouring abutting member 136, such that the abutting members form a substantially continuous spine of the flexible drive 121.

It is also contemplated that the clips can be C shaped, with a lid portion 144’ spaced parallel to the base portion 144, and the web portion 146 extending therebetween. C shaped clips 138’ are shown in Figures 8C and 8D. The lid portion provides a low friction surface that sits proud of the abutting member 136, such that the abutting member 136 does not make contact with the track 143. This low friction surface can improve the slide ability of the flexible belt 132. The lid portion 144’ includes a latch 145’ that is configured to interlock with a protruding tapered protrusion 135’ disposed on an upper surface of the block end 135. Engagement of the latch 145’ with the protrusion 135 provides a snap fit that interlocks the abutting member 136 and clip 138 together, complimenting the snap fit between the lip 145 and block end 135 as previously described.

In a further alternative embodiment, a flexible drive 221 comprises an injection moulded belt 232 that is integrally formed around abutting members 236. This embodiment is shown in Figures 9A to 9E. In this embodiment, each abutting member 236 includes a T-shaped slot 248 that through upper and inner faces of the block end 235 thereof. The T-shaped slot 248 is best shown in Figures 9B and 9C. During fabrication of the belt 232, the abutting members 236 are inserted into correspondingly shaped recesses within a mould M. The mould M may be a two-part mould, or preferably, a 3- part mould. As the mould is closed and plastic injected therein, the plastic material flows into channels 249 between the abutting members 238 and into the respective slots 248. 17

The moulding process is illustrated in Figures 9D and 9E. In particular, Figure 9D illustrates a prepared mould M with the abutting members 236 and conductive tension cords 229 having been inserted therein, with Figure 9E illustrating a finished part 221, with the plastic belt 232 and integrally formed with locking elements 238 having been injection moulded. The resultant locking elements 238 formed from the plastic within the channels 249 and slots 248 extend from a second side 233b of the belt 232 to secure the abutting members 236 to the belt 232. The first side 233a of the belt 232, opposite the second side 233a, includes moulded teeth formations 234 configured to engage with a motor-driven actuator 223 to provide drive to the belt 232.

In yet another alternative embodiment, a flexible drive 321 comprises a belt 332 having upstanding locking elements 338 that extend integrally from a second side 333b thereof.. Channels 349 are defined between each of the neighbouring locking elements. The channels 349 are aligned with the indents 339 of the belt 332. Put differently, the upstanding locking elements 338 are aligned with the teeth between the adjacent indents 339. In this way, the axial forces applied to the locking elements 338 are transferred to the belt 332 at a point corresponding to a thickest point thereof, improving the durability thereof. The belt 332 thus has an integral construction, and is fabricated, for example, through casting or extruding. Preferably, the belt 332 is formed from a fibre -reinforced elastic polymer such as polyurethane. Accordingly, the belt 332 has a similar shape to that of belt 232 described. A difference, however, lies in the interconnection between belt 332 and abutting members 336. Specifically, the abutting members 336 and channels 349 have interlocking shapes, allowing the abutting members 336 to be dropped in/inserted into the respective channels 349. The locking elements 338 include a protruding lip 345 which is adapted to snap-fit over a corresponding ledge on an inner side of the abutting member 336. This snap fit connection secures the respective abutting members 336 to the belt 332.

The proceeding passages will now refer to additional or preferred features of the flexible drive 21 and further aspects of the invention. For ease of reference, these features and aspects are described in respect to flexible drive 21. It is to be understood, however, that such features and aspects can be also applicable to the other embodiments herein described, such as flexible drives 121, 221 and 321 described herein. 18

Referring back to Figures 1A and IB, the flexible drive 21 provides, via the conductive lines 29a, 29b, an electrical connection between the solar panel 22 and the controller 20, and therefore, the battery 25. The solar panel 22 is thereby enabled to provide a charging current to the battery 25. The motor controller 24 comprises a battery charging controller (not shown) configured to control charging of the battery 25 via the solar panel 22. In this way, the solar panel 22 is locatable separately to the controller 20 while being able to provide a charging current to the battery 25. The solar panel 22 is typically conventional in nature, and may be selected to provide suitable power for charging the battery 25. The conductive lines 29a, 29b are electrically coupled at (or close to) the proximal end 3 lb of the flexible drive 21 to the controller 20 and at the distal end 3 la to the solar panel 22. The solar panel 22 is thus locatable on the outside of the window sash 11, relying on conductive lines 29a, 29b within the belt 32 to connect with the battery 25 disposed on the inside of the window. Window glass depending on type can severely impact the effectiveness of solar panels due to filtering effects on the light spectrum. Accordingly, by locating the solar panel 22 on the outside of the window, the energy harvesting and battery charging capability of the flexible drive 21 is improved.

Referring back to Figure 3a, the flexible drive 21 is shown having at its distal end 31a a window connection bracket 39 for coupling the flexible drive 21 to window sash 11. It should be noted that the distal end 3 la is attached to the window connection bracket 39 such as to not enable transverse movement of the distal end 31a with respect to the window connection bracket 39 (i.e. the distal end 31a is fixed to the window sash 11). The coupling may enable swivel of the belt 32 along its longitudinal axis, such that the belt 32 follows an arched travel path of the window sash 11.

Also provided are window electrical terminals 62 for electrically coupling the flexible drive 21 to the solar panel 22. At the proximal end 31b of the flexible belt 21 there is provided controller electrical terminals 66 for electrically coupling the flexible drive 21 to the motor controller 24. In the embodiment shown, the controller electrical terminals 66 are configured to be in sliding contact with conductive track 63 which is itself coupled with the motor controller 24. In the embodiment shown in Figure 3B, the proximal end 3 lb of the flexible belt is anchored in position within the enclosure 40. In this way, the proximal end 31b can be directly interfaced with the motor controller 24, such that the electrical terminals 66 and conductive track 63 of Figure 3 A are not required. 19

Referring to Figure 11, the flexible drive 21 is typically configured to include a bias such that, in its straight configuration, it may be bowed by an amount (shown as “x” in the figure). This bow represents transverse flexing of the belt 32, with respect to the longitudinal axis thereof. This can be configured based on the shape and dimensions of the abutment members 36. Such a configuration advantageously improves the rigidity of the flexible drive 21 when both ends are effectively perpendicularly constrained (at the window sash 11 and the opening of the enclosure 40).

Referring to Figure 12, in an alternative embodiment, the solar panel 22 is electrically coupled to the controller 20 via separate electrical lines 61 (i.e. separate to the flexible drive 21). In the implementation shown, the electrical lines 61 are arranged alongside an edge of the window frame 12 and an edge of the window sash 11, and connected at the rotation point 19. The solar panel 22 is thereby locatable separately to the controller 20.

Figure 13 shows the position control apparatus 13 in operation, where a top view is taken of the enclosure 40 of the controller 20. The illustration is a top-down depiction with only the lower edges of the window sash 11 and window frame 12 shown. The controller 20 is shown affixed to the window frame 12 (note that only a portion of the window frame 12 is shown). The flexible drive 21 is shown partially extended from the enclosure 40, such that from its present position it may be further extended or alternatively, retracted. The solar panel 22 is shown affixed to the bottom portion of the window sash 11, and the distal end 31a of the flexible drive 21 is also affixed to the bottom portion of the window sash 11 (generally, either directly or via the solar panel 22). The flexible drive 21 is affixed to the window sash 11 and the window frame 12 as suitable points such that when the flexible drive 21 is caused to extend from the enclosure 40, it pushes the window sash 11.

According to an embodiment, the controller 20 is configured to identify the presence of an instruction to change the position of the window sash 11 with respect to the window frame 12, at instruction reception step 100. The instruction can, for example, be received from the user device 14 or a pre-configured instruction. Generally, the instruction comprises information indicating a desired relative position of the window sash 11 and the window frame 12 (although this value may be expressed as a relative 20 change in window sash 11 position). The instruction can correspond to completely opening the window sash 11 (i.e. move it to a maximum distance from the window frame 12) or closing the window sash 11 (i.e. move the window sash 11 to be sitting against the window frame 12, and typically, such that there is an effective seal between the window sash 11 and window frame 12).

In response, the controller 20 causes the electrically powered actuator 23 to move the flexible drive 21 in the appropriate direction in order to cause the desired change in position. Typically, electric control signals are utilised by the controller 20 to control the position of the electrically powered actuator 23.

In an embodiment, with reference to Figure 14, the controller 20 utilises one or more sensors 16 when determining the position of the window sash 11 and window frame 12. In the implementation shown, there is a closed window sensor 16 configured such as to indicate when the window sash 11 is in the closed position. The closed window sensor 16a is configured to provide a signal to the controller 20 when the window sash 11 is in the closed position. The closed window sensor 16a may correspond to a micro-switch or Hall effect sensor. The closed window sensor 16a is also shown in the embodiments of Figure 3a and 3b, and further acts to guide the flexible drive 21.

In an embodiment, the flexible drive 21 includes one or more position markers. The controller 20 is interfaced with a position marking sensor which is configured to identify when the, or each, position marker is present within the sensing area of the position marking sensor. In an embodiment, the controller 20 is configured to determine whether the window sash 11 is in the open position and/or closed position and/or another position (or positions) based on the presence of a particular position marking sensor 26 within the area. The position markers may be magnets incorporated into the flexible drive 21, and these are identified by a Hall effect sensor located within the enclosure 40.

In an embodiment, the controller 20 is configured to maintain (typically within its memory 51) position information. The position information is configured such as to allow the control to determine the relative position of the window sash 11 and window frame 12. In an implementation, the controller 20 is configured to track the motion of the flexible drive 21. In an example, where the electrically powered actuator 23 includes a rotating component, the controller 20 tracks the number of rotations (and part rotations) 21 of the rotating component. The controller 20 is thereby configured to determine the current relative position of the window sash 11 and the window frame 12 based on the position information. Additionally, the controller 20 is configured to determine that the window is in the open or closed position based on the position information. The electrically powered actuator 23 may include a DC-motor or a stepper-motor, and motor may be coupled to a rotary encoder 64 which assists the motor controller 24 in monitoring the position of the flexible drive 21. In an embodiment, the controller 20 is configured to re-calibrate the position information based on activation of the closed window sensor 16a. Advantageously, such a re-calibration reduces drift and similar errors in the determination of the position of the window sash 11.

The controller 20 therefore causes the electrically powered actuator 23 to move the flexible drive 21 such that it causes the window sash 11 to move to the position specified by the instruction.

In an embodiment, the instruction is provided through wireless data communication between a user device 14 and the controller 20. A user may operate the user device 14 by selecting a desired position for the window sash 11. The desired position can be input (for example) via a touch screen display and/or a button input of the user device 14. The desired position is communicated to the controller 20, which then operates the electrically powered actuator 23 as previously described. Alternatively, the instruction can be provided by an algorithm stored within the controller itself, the algorithm being tuned to process environmental sensors data to optimise heating, cooling and/or ventilation of the building to which the window is located. For example, such control can improve passive temperature (and other environmental factor) control, thereby reducing energy requirements in relation to active heating and/or cooling.

It is envisaged that, in an implementation (not shown), the controller 20 will be interfaced to user input features located on the enclosure 40 (typically via wired connections). Such user input features may include buttons allowing a user to provide an instruction specifying a desired position of the window 12.

In an embodiment, the controller 20 includes, within its memory 51, one or more pre-configured instructions. The pre-configured instructions may be provided as pre-set features (e.g. as set during production of the controller 20). The pre-configured 22 instructions may also, or instead, be provided through interaction by a user with a user device 14 (e.g. the user may create suitable pre-configured instructions through operation of the user device 14, which then transmits the pre-configured instruction to the controller 20). The pre-configured instructions typically utilise one or more inputs, such as, time of day (as determined by the controller 20 — the controller 20 may be synchronised with a known time through information received from a user device 14), temperature (in this case, the controller 20 is provided with temperature sensing means such as a digital thermometer), humidity (in this case, the controller 20 is provided with humidity sensing means such as a digital hygrometer), etc. In the case of time of day, the controller 20 may be configured to open or close the window sash 11 at a certain time. In the case of temperature, the controller 20 may be configured to open or close the window sash 11 when the temperature is above or below a certain temperature. In the case of humidity, the controller 20 may be configured to open or close the window sash 11 when the humidity is above or below a certain predefined value. In an embodiment, a pre- configured instruction includes a requirement for a plurality of inputs (e.g. a predefined temperature and humidity). In an implementation, the controller 20 is restricted to only opening the window sash 11 in response to a pre-configured instruction. In an embodiment, the controller 20 receives data from one or more sensors separate to the controller 20 and in data communication with the controller 20, for example, sensors embodied in “Intemet-of-Things” devices. For example, a temperature sensor located within a building may communicate either directly or via a network (such as via the cloud server 15) with the controller 20. Accordingly, it is understood that the controller 20 may form part of a building’s wider HVAC system, receiving instructions from other networked devices via the internet or via a local network to optimise the energy efficiency of the building.

In an embodiment, the controller 20 is configured to limit the maximum gap between the window sash 11 and window frame 12. This limit is typically less than that possible in view of the length of flexible drive 21.

The limit may be “hard-coded” into the controller 20, for example, at production, and may be dependent on local regulations (for example, for certain applications in Australia, the limit is 150 mm). The limit may also, or instead, be coded by an authorised user. In this context, an authorised user is one enabled to set the limit. The authorised 23 user may be required to enter a code into a user device 14 in order to be enabled to set the limit. Alternatively (or in addition), the authorised user may be provided with a user device 14 modified to allow for setting of the limit. In this case, the controller 20 is configured to identify the current gap based on, for example, knowledge of the flexible drive 21 position information. In an implementation, the controller 20 is calibrated (for example, at production or by an action of an authorised user) such that the position information accurately correlates with the gap size.

The limit may also (or instead) be specified by a physical restrictor, for example a pin, configured to halt motion of the flexible drive 21 after it has extended by a specified distance from the enclosure 40. The limit may also (or instead) be specified by a switch that produces an electrical signal when the flexible drive 21 reaches a certain distance from the enclosure 40. The motor controller 24 is configured, in this case, to cease extending the flexible drive 21 once the switch is activated. The physical restrictor and/or switch (as appropriate) may only be accessible by removing the enclosure 40, and in an implementation, a cover within the enclosure 40, either or both of which may require specialist equipment to access. In another implementation, access to the enclosure 40 requires removal of fasteners, such as screws, from the base of the enclosure 40 which is generally not accessible while the enclosure 40 is attached to the window frame 12.

In an embodiment, two or more position control apparatuses 13 are provided which are in communication with one another (either wired or wireless communication) and configured to move the same window sash 11 with respect to the same window frame 12. The two or more position control apparatuses 13 are configured to, in effect, operate as a single entity. To effect this, when an instruction is identified by either (or both/all) position control apparatus 13, the position control apparatuses 13 operate to move the window sash 11 synchronously — that is, both move their respective flexible drives 21 in a synchronous manner such that the position of each flexible drive 21 is the same. Advantageously, for relatively wide windows 11, 12, the use of two (or more) position control apparatuses 13 may reduce or eliminate deflection that may cause the sides of the window sash 11 to extend past the maximum defined gap.

In an embodiment, the controller 20 is in data communication with network, which can include the Internet. The controller 20 can receive an instruction from a user device 24

14 via the network. The controller 20 can thereby be controlled from different physical locations, as long as the controller 20 is able, via the network, to receive the instruction from the user device 14. The user device 14 may also be configured to allow a user to instruct the controller 20 to receive data from one or more sensors, either directly or via a cloud server 15, as previously described.

In an embodiment, the controller 20 is in data communication with one or more auxiliary devices. Such auxiliary devices may be considered a part of the so-called “Internet of Things” (IoT). The auxiliary devices can communicate instructions to, and/or receive instructions from, the controller 20. For example, a heating apparatus may inform the controller 20 that a heating activity is being initiated and, in response, the controller 20 is configured to cause the window sash 11 to move to the closed position. Generally, an auxiliary device and/or the controller 20 are programmable from the user device such as to specify which specific commands are to be communicated and acted upon by the controller 20 and/or auxiliary device.

In an embodiment, the motor controller 24 is configured to monitor current consumption of the motor (a current meter may be provided for this purpose). If the current consumption exceeds a predefined value, the motor controller 24 is configured to stop, or reverse, a current motion of the flexible drive 21. The predefined value is set to correspond to an increase in current consumption caused by an obstruction. For example, the present of an object between the window sash 11 and window frame 12.

Advantageously, the flexible drive 21, abutting members 36, and other exposed components of the system 10 are formed from materials resistant to corrosion, allowing for continued use of a useful lifetime.

Further modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the specification. For example, the controller 20 may be affixed to the window sash 11 and the solar panel 22 to the window frame 12 (for example, this may be beneficial where the window sash 11 opens inwards, away from the external environment. Additionally, the flexible drive 21 may be reconfigured for other uses and is not confined to window sashes. For example, the flexible drive 21 is suitable for push-pull material handling and lifting applications.