ANTHELMINTIC DEPSIPEPTIDE COMPOUNDS FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to new anthelmintic depsipeptides compounds with excellent activity against endoparasites and ectoparasites. The invention is also directed to compositions comprising the compounds and methods and uses of the compounds for eradicating, controlling, and preventing a parasite infestation and/or infection in animals. The compounds of the invention may be administered to animals, particularly mammals, fish and birds, to prevent or treat parasitic infections. CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/423,182 filed November 16, 2016, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Animals, such as mammals and birds, are often susceptible to parasite infestations. These parasites may be ectoparasites, such as fleas and ticks. Animals and humans also suffer from endoparasitic infections including, for example, helminthiasis which is most frequently caused by a group of parasitic worms described as nematodes or roundworms. These parasites cause severe economic losses in pigs, sheep, horses, and cattle as well as affecting companion animals (e.g. cats and dogs) and poultry. Other parasites include those which occur in the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans include Ancylostoma, Necator, Ascaris, Strongyloides, Trichinella, Capillaria, Toxocara, Toxascaris, Trichuris, Enterobius and parasites which are found in the blood or other tissues and organs such as filarial worms and the extra intestinal stages of Strongyloides, Toxocara and Trichinella.

One type of endoparasite which seriously harms mammals is Dirofilaria immitis, also known as Heartworm. Other filarial endoparasites include Dirofilaria repens and Dirofilaria honkongensis, which can also infect humans. The most common hosts are dogs and cats but other mammals such as ferrets and raccoons may also be infected. Heartworms go through several life stages before they become adults infecting the pulmonary artery of the host mammal. The worms require the mosquito as an intermediate host to complete their life cycle. The period between the initial infection when the dog is bitten by a mosquito and the maturation of the worms into adults living in the heart and pulmonary arteries is six to seven months in dogs and is known as the "prepatent period". L3 larvae migrate during blood feeding of the mosquito to the tip of the mosquito’s mouth parts (labium), leave the mosquito and are deposited on the skin of the dog where they then migrate through the bite wound into the host. Most L3 larvae molt to fourth-stage larvae (L4s) in canine subcutaneous tissues within 1-3 days after infection. Then, they migrate to the muscles of the chest and abdomen, and 45 to 60 days after infection, molt to the fifth stage (L5, immature adult). Between 75 and 120 days after infection, these immature heartworms then enter the bloodstream and are carried through the heart to reside in the pulmonary artery. Around seven months after infection, Dirofilaria immitis adults reach maturity and sexually reproduce in the pulmonary arteries and right ventricle. Adult males are around 15cm in length, and females are around 25cm in length and their normal life span as adults is calculated to be about 5 years.

Heartworm infection is a severe and life-threatening disease. Canine heartworm infection is preventable and prophylaxis treatment is a priority in heartworm endemic areas. Treatment of mature heartworm infection with an adulticide (e.g. melarsomine dihydrochloride) is costly and can cause serious adverse side effects, thus prevention by monthly administration of drugs that interrupt larvae development is widely used. The goal of marketed heartworm preventive therapies in dogs is to prevent the development of the parasite to adult heartworms by interrupting the Dirofilaria immitis life cycle post-infection.

The macrocyclic lactones (MLs, e.g. ivermectin, eprinomectin, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, and selamectin) are the most commonly used chemoprophylaxis agents and are administered at monthly or six-month intervals. These drugs have been effective against Dirofilaria immitis infective third-stage larvae (L3) deposited by the mosquito as well as maturing fourth-stage larvae (L4). When administered monthly, MLs kill L3 and L4 larvae acquired within the previous 30 days, and thus prevent disease caused by adult worms. MLs can also be used monthly in infected dogs to suppress reproduction in adult worms and remove microfilariae, thereby reducing transmission and gradually causing the attrition of adult worms (Vet. Parasitol.2005 Oct 24133(2-3) 197-206).

In recent years, an increased number of lack of efficacy (LOE) cases have been reported, in which dogs develop mature heartworm infections despite receiving monthly prophylactic doses of macrocyclic lactones drugs. For example, Atkins et al., (Vet. Parasitol.206 (2014) 106– 113) recently reported that an increasing number of cases of dogs that tested heartworm antigen positive while receiving heartworm preventive medication which suggests that some populations of Dirofilaria immitis have developed selectional resistance to heartworm preventives (American Heartworm Society, 2010. Heartworm Preventive Resistance. Is it Possible, vol. 37. Bulletin of the American Heartworm Society, pp. 5.). Thus, there is an ongoing need to develop new anthelmintic agents with improved activity against Dirofilaria immitis and other endoparasites.

Various parasiticides exist in the art for treating endoparasites infections in animals. In addition to the macrocyclic lactones, cyclic depsipeptides with antiparasitic activity are known. PF1022A, a 24-membered cyclooctadepsipeptide isolated from the fungus Mycelia sterilia by Sasaki et al. (see J. Antibiotics 45: 692-697 (1992)), has been found to exhibit broad anthelmintic activity against a variety of endoparasites in vivo with low toxicity. The structure of PF1022A is shown below with the absolute stereochemical configuration of the chiral carbon atoms indicated:

These compounds are described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,514,773; 5,747,448; 5,646,244; 5,874,530; among others, which are incorporated herein by reference. Emodepside is a semi synthetic analog of PF1022A containing a morpholine group at the para position of the aryl ring in the phenyl lactate groups. Emodepside is a potent anthelmintic used in combination with praziquantel in the product Profender ^® for the treatment of parasitic worms in cats and dogs. However, the anti-parasitic activity of PF1022A and emodepside is not satisfactory for the treatment of certain parasites, especially for the control of Dirofilaria immitis in mammals to prevent the establishment of heartworm disease. Thus, there is a need in the art for more effective antiparasitic agents for treatment and protection of animals, e.g. mammals, fish and birds against parasites, in particular internal parasites including nematodes and filarial worms such as heartworm.

It is expressly noted that citation or identification of any document in this application is not an admission that such document is available as prior art to the present invention. Any foregoing applications, and all documents cited therein or during their prosecution (“application cited documents”) and all documents cited or referenced in the application cited documents, and all documents cited or referenced herein (“herein cited documents”), and all documents cited or referenced in herein cited documents, together with any manufacturer’s instructions, descriptions, product specifications, and product sheets for any products mentioned herein or in any document incorporated by reference herein, are hereby incorporated herein by reference, and may be employed in the practice of the invention. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides novel and inventive cyclic depsipeptide compounds with superior anthelmintic activity. The compounds of the invention are 24-membered cyclic depsipeptides that are related to the naturally occurring compound PF1022A wherein the stereochemical configuration of at least one of the chiral centers is inverted in comparison with the corresponding chiral center of naturally-occuring PF1022A. In addition, in the compounds of the invention at least one of the phenyl rings of the phenyl lactate moieties and/or at least of the one of the 2-methylpropyl groups of the naturally occurring N-methyl leucine moieties of PF1022A are substituted with certain substituents. The invention also provides compositions comprising the novel depsipeptide compounds, methods and uses comprising the depsipeptide compounds for the treatment and prevention of parasitic infection and/or infestation of animals using the compounds. In one embodiment, the present invention provides cyclic depsipeptide compounds of formula (I) shown below:

(I)

or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof, wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ^a , R ^b , R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are as defined below, and wherein the stereochemical configuration of at least one of the carbon atoms bearing the groups -CH ₂ -Cy ¹ , -CH ₂ -Cy ² , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ^a and R ^b has a stereochemical configuration that is inverted compared with the stereochemical configuration for the corresponding carbon atom in the natural product PF1022A. For example, in PF1022A the carbon atoms bearing the -CH ₂ Ph groups of the phenyl lactate moities have the (R)- configuration. In the compounds of formula (I) of the invention wherein the carbon atoms bearing the–CH ₂ Cy ¹ and/or–CH ₂ Cy ² groups have the inverted stereochemical configuration, they would have the (S)-configuration.

The invention also provides veterinary compositions comprising the inventive compounds, or salts thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a salt form of the novel depsipeptide compounds of the invention. The inventive compounds and compositions comprising the compounds are highly effective for the treatment and prophylaxis of internal parasites in mammals, fish and birds, and in particular, cats, dogs, horses, chickens, pigs, sheep and cattle with the aim of ridding these hosts of all the endoparasites commonly encountered by mammals, fish and birds.

In one embodiment, the compounds and compositions of the invention are highly effective against endoparasites, such as filariae (e.g. heartworm), hookworms, whipworms and roundworms of the digestive tract of animals and humans. In certain embodiments, the compounds and compositions of the invention are effective against Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm) isolates that are less sensitive to treatment with macrocyclic lactones. In another embodiment, the novel and inventive depsipeptides of the invention are effective for treating and preventing infections of animals with nematodes that are less sensitive to treatment with commercially available or known macrocyclic lactone active agents.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides compositions comprising a combination of a novel depsipeptide of the invention in combination with at least a second active agent, which broadens the scope of protection afforded to animals against endoparasites and possibly also ectoparasites.

The present invention is also directed to methods for the treatment and prevention of a parasitic infection or infestation in an animal comprising administering at least one of the compounds of formula (I) of the invention to the animal. Also included in the present invention are uses of the compounds for the treatment and/or prevention of a parasitic infection and/or infestation in animals and the use of the compounds in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of a parasitic infection and/or infestation in an animal.

It is an object of the invention to not encompass within the invention any previously known product, process of making the product, or method of using the product such that the Applicants reserve the right to this invention and hereby disclose a disclaimer of any previously known product, process, or method.

It is noted that in this disclosure and particularly in the claims and/or paragraphs, terms such as“comprises”,“comprised”,“comprising” and the like can have the meaning attributed to it in U.S. Patent law; e.g., they can mean“includes”,“included”,“including”, and the like; and that terms such as“consisting essentially of” and“consists essentially of” have the meaning ascribed to them in U.S. Patent law; e.g., they allow for elements not explicitly recited, but exclude elements that are found in the prior art or that affect a basic or novel characteristic of the invention.

These and other embodiments are disclosed or are obvious from, and encompassed by, the following Detailed Description. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention provides novel and inventive cyclic depsipeptide compounds of formula (I) having parasiticidal activity against endoparasites, and also against ectoparasites in certain embodiments, or veterinarily salts thereof, and compositions comprising the compounds or salts, for the treatment or prevention of parasitic infections and/or infestations in an animal. Also provided are methods for the treatment or prevention of parasitic infestations and/or infection in animals, comprising administering an effective amount of the depsipeptide compound of the invention, or a salt thereof, to the animal.

The novel and inventive cyclic depsipeptide of formula (I) described herein and their pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable salts are particularly effective for controlling endoparasites. Endoparasites include, but are not limited to, nematodes (such as roundworms, hookworms, and whipworms) and filarial worms such as Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm). In certain embodiments, the novel cyclic depsipeptides of the invention have been found to have significantly higher efficacy against endoparasites compared with known cyclic depsipeptides including PF1022A and emodepside. Furthermore, it has been discovered that the novel cyclic depsipeptides of the invention are significantly more resistant to metabolic modification in the body of animals so that they maintain at a higher concentration in the host animal’s body and a higher level of activity against internal parasites for a longer duration of time.

In one embodiment, the cyclic depsipeptides of the invention have been found to be highly effective against filarial worms such as Dirofilaria immitis (microfilarial and larval stages), including isolates of the parasite that are resistant to macrocyclic lactones. In other embodiments, the compounds of the invention are effective against endoparasites that are not effectively controlled by the known cyclic depsipeptides such as PF1022A and emodepside.

In another embodiment, certain cyclic depsipeptides of the invention have been found to have activity against ectoparasites such as fleas and ticks. Thus, in certain embodiments the cyclic depsipeptides may have endectocidal activity against both internal and external parasites.

The invention includes at least the following features: (a) In one embodiment, the invention provides novel cyclic depsipeptide compounds of formula (I), or pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable salts thereof, which are active against endoparasites and in some cases also active against ectoparasites;

(b) veterinary compositions comprising a parasiticidally effective amount of the cyclic depsipeptide compounds of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable salt thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable carrier or diluent;

(c) veterinary compositions comprising a parasiticidally effective amount of the cyclic depsipeptide compounds of the invention, or pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable salts thereof, in combination with one more other active agents and a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable carrier or diluent;

(d) methods for treating a parasitic infestation and/or infection in or on an animal are provided comprising administering a parasiticidally effective amount of a cyclic depsipeptide compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable salts thereof, optionally with one or more additional active agents, to the animal in need thereof;

(e) methods for the prevention of a parasitic infestation and/or infection of an animal, which comprise administering a parasiticidally effective amount of a cyclic depsipeptide compound of formula (I), or pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable salts thereof, optionally with one or more additional active agents, to the animal in need thereof;

(f) use of the cyclic depsipeptide compounds of formula (I), or pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable salts thereof, for the treatment or prevention of a parasitic infection and/or a parasitic infestation in an animal;

(g) uses of the cyclic depsipeptide compounds of formula (I), or pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable salts thereof, in the manufacture of a veterinary medicament for the treatment or prevention of a parasitic infection and/or infestation in an animal; and

(h) processes for the preparation of the compounds of formula (I).

Definitions

Terms used herein will have their customary meanings in the art unless specified. The organic moieties mentioned in the definitions of the variables of the cyclic depsipeptide formula (I) are like the term halogen– i.e., collective terms for individual listings of the individual group members– fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo with respect to halogen. The prefix C _n -C _m indicates in each case the possible number of carbon atoms in the group. The term“alkyl” refers to saturated straight, branched, primary, secondary or tertiary hydrocarbons, including those having 1 to 12 atoms. In some embodiments, alkyl groups will include C ₁ -C ₁₀ , C ₁ -C ₈ , C ₁ -C ₆ , C ₁ -C ₄ or C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl groups. Examples of C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl, butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl, pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1- ethylpropyl, hexyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3- methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2- dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2- trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl, 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl and decyl and their isomers. C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl means for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl, butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl or 1,1-dimethylethyl.

Cyclic alkyl groups, may be referred to as“cycloalkyl” and include those with 3 to 10 carbon atoms having single or multiple fused rings. Non-limiting examples of cycloalkyl groups include adamantyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and the like.

Carbocyclic groups are cyclic groups composed exclusively of carbon. The carbocyclic groups include both aromatic rings such as phenyl and non-aromatic rings such cyclohexyl and include those with 3 to 14 carbon atoms having single or multiple fused rings.

The alkyl and cycloalkyl and carbocyclic groups described herein can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, acyl, acyloxy, amino, alkyl- or dialkylamino, amido, arylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, nitro, cyano, azido, thiol, imino, sulfonic acid, sulfate, sulfonyl, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfamoyl, ester, phosphonyl, phosphinyl, phosphoryl, phosphine, thioester, thioether, acid halide, anhydride, oxime, hydrazine, carbamate, phosphonic acid, phosphate, phosphonate, or any other viable functional group that does not inhibit the biological activity of the compounds of the invention, either unprotected, or protected as necessary, as known to those skilled in the art, for example, as taught in Greene and Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons, Third Edition, 1999, hereby incorporated by reference.

The term“alkenyl” refers to both straight and branched carbon chains which have at least one carbon-carbon double bond. In some embodiments, alkenyl groups may include C ₂ -C ₁₂ alkenyl groups. In other embodiments, alkenyl includes C ₂ -C ₁₀ , C ₂ -C ₈ , C ₂ -C ₆ or C ₂ -C ₄ alkenyl groups. In one embodiment of alkenyl, the number of double bonds is 1-3; in another embodiment of alkenyl, the number of double bonds is one. Other ranges of carbon-carbon double bonds and carbon numbers are also contemplated depending on the location of the alkenyl moiety on the molecule.“C ₂ -C ₁₀ -alkenyl” groups may include more than one double bond in the chain. Examples include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1- methyl-ethenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1- methyl-2-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl; 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1- methyl-1-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-butenyl, 3-methyl-1-butenyl, 1-methyl-2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2- butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-methyl-3-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butenyl, 3-methyl-3-butenyl, 1,1- dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-1-propenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-1-propenyl, 1- ethyl-2-propenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 1-methyl-1-pentenyl, 2-methyl-1-pentenyl, 3-methyl-1-pentenyl, 4-methyl-1-pentenyl, 1-methyl-2-pentenyl, 2-methyl- 2-pentenyl, 3-methyl-2-pentenyl, 4-methyl-2-pentenyl, 1-methyl-3-pentenyl, 2-methyl-3- pentenyl, 3-methyl-3-pentenyl, 4-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1-methyl-4-pentenyl, 2-methyl-4-pentenyl, 3-methyl-4-pentenyl, 4-methyl-4-pentenyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1,1-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 1,2- dimethyl-1-butenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 1,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 1,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1,3-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1-ethyl-1-butenyl, 1-ethyl-2-butenyl, 1-ethyl-3-butenyl, 2-ethyl-1-butenyl, 2-ethyl-2-butenyl, 2- ethyl-3-butenyl, 1,1,2-trimethyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-2-methyl-1- propenyl and 1-ethyl-2-methyl-2-propenyl.

“Cycloalkenyl” refers to monovalent cyclic alkenyl groups of from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 8 carbon atoms, having single or multiple fused rings which fused rings may or may not be cycloalkenyl provided that the point of attachment is to a cycloalkenyl ring atom. Examples of cycloalkenyl groups include, by way of example, cyclopenten-4-yl, cyclooctene-5- yl and the like. Alkenyl and cycloalkenyl groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents as described for alkyl above.

“Alkynyl” refers to both straight and branched carbon chains which have at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. In one embodiment of alkynyl, the number of triple bonds is 1-3; in another embodiment of alkynyl, the number of triple bonds is one. In some embodiments, alkynyl groups include from 2 to 12 carbon atoms. In other embodiments, alkynyl groups may include C ₂ -C ₁₀ , C ₂ -C ₈ , C ₂ -C ₆ or C ₂ -C ₄ alkynyl groups. Other ranges of carbon-carbon triple bonds and carbon numbers are also contemplated depending on the location of the alkenyl moiety on the molecule. For example, the term”C ₂ -C ₁₀ -alkynyl” as used herein refers to a straight-chain or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and containing at least one triple bond, such as ethynyl, prop-1-yn-1-yl, prop-2-yn-1-yl, n-but-1-yn- 1-yl, n-but-1-yn-3-yl, n-but-1-yn-4-yl, n-but-2-yn-1-yl, n-pent-1-yn-1-yl, n-pent-1-yn-3-yl, n- pent-1-yn-4-yl, n-pent-1-yn-5-yl, n-pent-2-yn-1-yl, n-pent-2-yn-4-yl, n-pent-2-yn-5-yl, 3- methylbut-1-yn-3-yl, 3-methylbut-1-yn-4-yl, n-hex-1-yn-1-yl, n-hex-1-yn-3-yl, n-hex-1-yn-4-yl, n-hex-1-yn-5-yl, n-hex-1-yn-6-yl, n-hex-2-yn-1-yl, n-hex-2-yn-4-yl, n-hex-2-yn-5-yl, n-hex-2- yn-6-yl, n-hex-3-yn-1-yl, n-hex-3-yn-2-yl, 3-methylpent-1-yn-1-yl, 3-methylpent-1-yn-3-yl, 3- methylpent-1-yn-4-yl, 3-methylpent-1-yn-5-yl, 4-methylpent-1-yn-1-yl, 4-methylpent-2-yn-4-yl or 4-methylpent-2-yn-5-yl and the like.

The term“haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, which is substituted by one or more halogen atoms. For example C ₁ -C ₄ -haloalkyl includes, but is not limited to, chloromethyl, bromomethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 1-chloroethyl, 1-bromoethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2- fluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2-fluoro-2-methylpropyl and the like.

The term "fluoroalkyl" as used herein refers to an alkyl in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms is replaced with fluorine atoms, for example difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1- fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl, 2- fluoro-2-methylpropyl or pentafluoroethyl.

The term“haloalkenyl” refers to an alkenyl group, as defined herein, which is substituted by one or more halogen atoms.

The term“haloalkynyl” refers to an alkynyl group, as defined herein, which is substituted by one or more halogen atoms.

“Alkoxy” refers to alkyl-O-, wherein alkyl is as defined above. Similarly, the terms “alkenyloxy,”“alkynyloxy,”“haloalkoxy,”“haloal kenyloxy,”“haloalkynyloxy,”“cycloalkoxy,” “cycloalkenyloxy,”“halocycloalkoxy,” and“halocycloalkenyloxy” refer to the groups alkenyl- O-, alkynyl-O-, haloalkyl-O-, haloalkenyl-O-, haloalkynyl-O-, cycloalkyl-O-, cycloalkenyl-O-, halocycloalkyl-O-, and halocycloalkenyl-O-, respectively, wherein alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, halocycloalkyl, and halocycloalkenyl are as defined above. Examples of C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, OCH ₂ -C ₂ H ₅ , OCH(CH ₃ ) ₂ , n-butoxy, OCH(CH ₃ )-C ₂ H ₅ , OCH ₂ –CH(CH ₃ ) _2, OC(CH ₃ ) ₃ , n-pentoxy, 1-methylbutoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, 3-methylbutoxy, 1,1-dimethylpropoxy, 1,2-dimethylpropoxy, 2,2-dimethyl-propoxy, 1-ethylpropoxy, n-hexoxy, 1-methylpentoxy, 2-methylpentoxy, 3- methylpentoxy, 4-methylpentoxy, 1,1-dimethylbutoxy, 1,2-dimethylbutoxy, 1,3-dimethylbutoxy, 2,2-dimethylbutoxy, 2,3-dimethylbutoxy, 3,3-dimethylbutoxy, 1-ethylbutoxy, 2-ethylbutoxy, 1,1,2-trimethylpropoxy, 1,2,2-trimethylpropoxy, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropoxy, 1-ethyl-2- methylpropoxy and the like.

“Aryl” refers to a monovalent aromatic carbocyclic group of from 6 to 14 carbon atoms having a single ring or multiple fused rings. Aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, and naphthyl. In some embodiments aryl includes tetrahydronaphthyl, phenylcyclopropyl and indanyl. Aryl groups may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more moieties selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, haloalkoxy, haloalkenyloxy, haloalkynyloxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxy, halocycloalkoxy, halocycloalkenyloxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, cycloalkylthio, halocycloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkenylsulfinyl, alkynyl-sulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, haloalkenylsulfinyl, haloalkynylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkenylsulfonyl, alkynylsulfonyl, haloalkyl-sulfonyl, haloalkenylsulfonyl, haloalkynylsulfonyl, -SF ₅ , alkylamino, alkenylamino, alkynylamino, di(alkyl)amino, di(alkenyl)-amino, di(alkynyl)amino, or trialkylsilyl.

The term“aralkyl” refers to an aryl group that is bonded to the parent compound through a diradical alkylene bridge, (-CH ₂ -) _n , where n is 1-12 and where“aryl” is as defined above.

“Heteroaryl” refers to a monovalent aromatic group of from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, having one or more oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur heteroatoms within the ring, preferably 1 to 4 heteroatoms, or 1 to 3 heteroatoms. In one embodiment, the term heteroaryl includes 5-membered and 6-membered heteroaryl groups. The nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized. Such heteroaryl groups can have a single ring (e.g., pyridyl or furyl) or multiple fused rings provided that the point of attachment is through a heteroaryl ring atom. Examples of heteroaryls include pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinnyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrazolyl benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidyl, or pyrrolopyrimidyl. Heteroaryl rings may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more moieties as described for aryl above.

“Heterocyclyl,”“heterocyclic” or“heterocyclo” refers to fully saturated or unsaturated, cyclic groups, for example, 3 to 7 membered monocyclic, 7 to 11 membered bicyclic, or 10 to 15 membered tricyclic ring systems, which have one or more oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms in ring, preferably numbering 1 to 4 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms. The nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized and the nitrogen heteroatoms may optionally be quaternized. The heterocyclic group may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom of the ring or ring system and may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more moieties as described for aryl groups above.

Exemplary monocyclic heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, oxetanyl, pyrazolinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxazolyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolinyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolidinyl, furyl, tetrahydrofuryl, thienyl, oxadiazolyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolodinyl, 2- oxoazepinyl, azepinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, morpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl sulfoxide, thiamorpholinyl sulfone, 1,3-dioxolane and tetrahydro-1,1-dioxothienyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, and the like.

Exemplary bicyclic heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to, indolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzothienyl, quinuclidinyl, quinolinyl, tetra- hydroisoquinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyranyl, indolizinyl, benzofuryl, chromonyl, coumarinyl, benzopyranyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, indazolyl, pyrrolopyridyl, furopyridinyl (such as furo[2,3-c]pyridinyl, furo[3,2-b]pyridinyl]or furo[2,3-b]pyridinyl), dihydroisoindolyl, dihydroquinazolinyl (such as 3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-quinazolinyl), tetrahydroquinolinyl and the like.

The term "alkylthio” refers to alkyl-S-, where“alkyl” is as defined above. In some embodiments, the alkyl component of the alkylthio group will include C ₁ -C ₁₀ , C ₁ -C ₈ , C ₁ -C ₆ C ₁ - C ₄ or C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl groups. For example, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkylthio include, but are not limited to, methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, 1-methylethylthio, butylthio, 1-methylpropylthio, 2- methylpropylthio or 1,1-dimethylethylthio.

Similarly, the terms“haloalkylthio,”“cycloalkylthio,”“halocycloal kylthio” refer to the groups–S-haloalkyl, -S-cycloalkyl, and–S-halocycloalkyl, respectively, where the terms “haloalkyl,”“cycloalkyl,” and“halocycloalkyl” are as defined above.

The term“alkylsulfinyl" refers to the group alkyl-S(=O)-, where“alkyl” is as defined above. In some embodiments, the alkyl component in alkylsulfinyl groups will include C ₁ -C ₁₂ , C ₁ -C ₁₀ , C ₁ -C ₈ , C ₁ -C ₆ , C ₁ -C ₄ or C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl groups. Examples include, but are not limited to, - SO–CH ₃ , -SO–C ₂ H ₅ , n-propylsulfinyl, 1-methylethylsulfinyl, n-butylsulfinyl, 1- methylpropylsulfinyl, 2-methylpropylsulfinyl, 1,1-dimethylethylsulfinyl, n-pentylsulfinyl, 1- methylbutylsulfinyl, 2-methylbutylsulfinyl, 3-methylbutylsulfinyl, 1,1-dimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1,2-dimethylpropylsulfinyl, 2,2-dimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1-ethylpropylsulfinyl, n-hexylsulfinyl, 1-methylpentylsulfinyl, 2-methylpentylsulfinyl, 3-methylpentylsulfinyl, 4-methylpentylsulfinyl, 1,1-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 1,2-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 1,3-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 2,2- dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 2,3-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 3,3-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 1-ethylbutylsulfinyl, 2-ethylbutylsulfinyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1-ethyl-1- methylpropylsulfinyl or 1-ethyl-2-methylpropylsulfinyl.

Similarly, the terms “alkenylsulfinyl,” “alkynylsulfinyl,” “haloalkylsulfinyl,” “haloalkenylsulfinyl,” and“haloalkynylsulfinyl” refer to the groups alkenyl-S(=O)-, alkynyl- S(=O)-, and haloalkyl-S(=O)-, haloalkenyl-S(=O)-, and haloalkynyl-S(=O)-, where the terms “alkenyl,”“alkynyl,”“haloalkyl,”“haloalkenyl,� �� and“haloalkynyl” are as defined above.

The term "alkylsulfonyl" refers to the group alkyl-S(=O) ₂ -, where the term“alkyl” is as defined above. In some embodiments, the alkyl component in alkylsulfonyl groups will include C ₁ -C ₁₂ , C ₁ -C ₁₀ , C ₁ -C ₈ , C ₁ -C ₆ or C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl groups. Examples include, but are not limited to, - SO ₂ –CH ₃ , -SO ₂ –C ₂ H ₅ , n-propylsulfonyl, -SO ₂ –CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ , n-butylsulfonyl, 1- methylpropylsulfonyl, 2-methylpropylsulfonyl, -SO ₂ –C(CH ₃ ) ₃ , n-pentylsulfonyl, 1- methylbutylsulfonyl, 2-methylbutylsulfonyl, 3-methylbutylsulfonyl, 1,1-dimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1,2-dimethylpropylsulfonyl, 2,2-dimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1-ethylpropylsulfonyl, n-hexylsulfonyl, 1-methylpentylsulfonyl, 2-methylpentylsulfonyl, 3-methylpentylsulfonyl, 4- methylpentylsulfonyl, 1,1-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 1,2-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 1,3- dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 2,2-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 2,3-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 3,3- dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 1-ethylbutylsulfonyl, 2-ethylbutylsulfonyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropylsulfonyl or 1-ethyl-2- methylpropylsulfonyl and the like.

The terms “alkenylfulfonyl,” “alkynylsulfonyl,” “haloalkylsulfonyl,” “haloalkenylsulfonyl,” and“haloalkynylsulfonyl” refer to the groups alkenyl-S(=O) ₂ -, alkynyl- S(=O) ₂ -, and haloalkyl-S(=O) ₂ -, haloalkenyl-S(=O) ₂ -, and haloalkynyl-S(=O) ₂ -, where the terms “alkenyl,”“alkynyl,”“haloalkyl,”“haloalkenyl,� �� and“haloalkynyl” are as defined above.

The terms “alkylamino,” “dialkylamino,” “alkenylamino,” “alkynylamino,” “di(alkenyl)amino,” and“di(alkynyl)amino” refer to the groups -NH(alkyl), -N(alkyl) ₂ , - NH(alkenyl), -NH(alkynyl), -N(alkenyl) ₂ and -N(alkynyl) ₂ , where the terms“alkyl,”“alkenyl,” and“alkynyl” are as defined above. In some embodiments, the alkyl component in alkylamino or dialkylamino groups will include C ₁ -C ₁₂ , C ₁ -C ₁₀ , C ₁ -C ₈ , C ₁ -C ₆ or C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl groups.

Compounds of the Invention:

The compounds of the invention are 24-membered cyclic depsipeptide compounds which have potent activity against endoparasites such as nematodes and filarial worms (microfilarial and larval stages) and also in some cases against ectoparasites such as fleas and ticks. In one embodiment the invention provides cyclic depsipeptide compounds of formula:

(I) or a veterinarily acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently aryl, carbocyclic, heteroaryl or heterocyclic optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, - NO ₂ , cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -O-heteroaryl, -S-heteroaryl, -O- heterocyclyl or -S-heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN and -NO ₂ ;

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, thioalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, or the group -CH ₂ C(O)NHCH ₂ CF ₃ ; or R ⁵ and R ⁶ together with the atom(s) to which they are bonded form a C ₃ -C ₆ cyclic group;

R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each independently hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl;

R ^a and R ^b are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl; and

(a) R ¹ is C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkoxyalkoxy, oxo, cyano, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino; and

R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are each independently C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl; or

(b) R ² is C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkoxyalkoxy, oxo, cyano, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino; and

R ¹ , R ³ and R ⁴ are each independently C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl; or

(c) R ³ is C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkoxyalkoxy, oxo, cyano, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino; and

R ¹ , R ² and R ⁴ are each independently C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl; or

(d) R ⁴ is C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkoxyalkoxy, oxo, cyano, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino; and

R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are each independently C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl; or

(e) R ¹ and R ² are each independently C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkoxyalkoxy, oxo, cyano, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino; and

R ³ and R ⁴ are each independently C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl; or

(f) R ¹ and R ³ are each independently C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkoxyalkoxy, oxo, cyano, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino; and

R ² and R ⁴ are each independently C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl; or

(g) R ¹ and R ⁴ are each independently C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkoxyalkoxy, oxo, cyano, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino; and

R ² and R ³ are each independently C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl; or

(h) R ² and R ⁴ are each independently C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkoxyalkoxy, oxo, cyano, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino; and

R ¹ and R ³ are each independently C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl; or

(i) R ² and R ³ are each independently C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkoxyalkoxy, oxo, cyano, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino; and

R ¹ and R ⁴ are each independently C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl; or

(j) R ³ and R ⁴ are each independently C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkoxyalkoxy, oxo, cyano, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino; and

R ¹ and R ² are each independently C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl; or

(k) R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are each independently C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkoxyalkoxy, oxo, cyano, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino; and

R ⁴ is C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl; or

(l) R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are each independently C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkoxyalkoxy, oxo, cyano, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino; and

R ¹ is C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl; or

(m) R ¹ , R ³ and R ⁴ are each independently C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkoxyalkoxy, oxo, cyano, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino; and

R ² is C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl; or

(n) R ¹ , R ² and R ⁴ are each independently C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkoxyalkoxy, oxo, cyano, amino and alkylamino, dialkylamino; and R ³ is C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl; or

(o) R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are each independently C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkoxyalkoxy, oxo, cyano, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino; and

wherein the stereochemical configuration of the carbon atoms bearing the groups -CH ₂ - Cy ¹ , -CH ₂ -Cy ² , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ^a and R ^b is selected from Tables 1 to 5 below with reference to stereochemical configuration of the corresponding carbon atoms in naturally-occurring PF1022A.

Table 1

. In one embodiment, R ^a and R ^b are each methyl or trifluoromethyl. In another embodiment, one of R ^a and R ^b may be methyl or trifluoromethyl and the other of R ^a and R ^b may be hydrogen. In another embodiment, both R ^a and R ^b may be hydrogen. In another embodiment, R ^a and R ^b are both methyl. In still another embodiment, R ^a and R ^b are methyl and the stereochemical configuration of the carbon atom bearing them corresponds to the stereochemical configuration of PF1022A. In another embodiment, R ^a and R ^b are methyl and the stereochemical configuration of the carbon atom bearing them is inverted compared with the corresponding positions of PF1022A.

In one embodiment, the invention provides compounds wherein at least one of the carbon atoms bearing -CH ₂ Cy ¹ or -CH ₂ Cy ² are inverted compared with the stereochemical configuration of PF1022A. In another embodiment, the stereochemical configuration of both carbon atoms bearing -CH ₂ Cy ¹ and -CH ₂ Cy ² are inverted compared with PF1022A. In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds wherein the carbon atoms bearing -CH ₂ Cy ¹ or -CH ₂ Cy ² are inverted compared with the stereochemical configuration of PF1022A and the carbon atoms bearing R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ have the natural stereochemical configuration relative to PF1022A. In another embodiment, the stereochemical configuration of both carbon atoms bearing -CH ₂ Cy ¹ and -CH ₂ Cy ² are inverted compared with PF1022A and the carbon atoms bearing R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ have the natural stereochemical configuration relative to PF1022A.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds wherein the carbon atoms bearing -CH ₂ Cy ¹ or -CH ₂ Cy ² are inverted compared with PF1022A and the stereochemical configuration of one of the carbons bearing R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ is also inverted. In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds wherein the carbon atoms bearing -CH ₂ Cy ¹ or -CH ₂ Cy ² are inverted compared with PF1022A and the stereochemical configuration of two of the carbons bearing R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ is also inverted. In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds wherein the carbon atoms bearing -CH ₂ Cy ¹ or -CH ₂ Cy ² are inverted compared with PF1022A and the stereochemical configuration of three of the carbons bearing R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ is also inverted. In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds wherein the carbon atoms bearing -CH ₂ Cy ¹ or -CH ₂ Cy ² are inverted compared with PF1022A and the stereochemical configuration of all four of the carbons bearing R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ is also inverted.

In another embodiment, the stereochemical configuration of both carbon atoms bearing -CH ₂ Cy ¹ and -CH ₂ Cy ² are the same as the corresponding carbon atoms of PF1022A and the stereochemical configuration of one of carbon atoms bearing R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ is inverted relative to PF1022A. In another embodiment, the stereochemical configuration of both carbon atoms bearing -CH ₂ Cy ¹ and -CH ₂ Cy ² are the same as the corresponding carbon atoms of PF1022A and the stereochemical configuration of two of carbon atoms bearing R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ is inverted relative to PF1022A. In yet another embodiment, the stereochemical configuration of both carbon atoms bearing -CH ₂ Cy ¹ and -CH ₂ Cy ² are the same as the corresponding carbon atoms of PF1022A and the stereochemical configuration of three of carbon atoms bearing R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ is inverted relative to PF1022A. In still another embodiment, the stereochemical configuration of both carbon atoms bearing -CH ₂ Cy ¹ and -CH ₂ Cy ² are the same as the corresponding carbon atoms of PF1022A and the stereochemical configuration of one of all four of the carbon atoms bearing R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are inverted relative to PF1022A.

In another embodiment, the stereochemical configuration of at least one of the carbon atoms bearing R ^a and R ^b are inverted compared with the corresponding carbon atoms of PF1022A. In another embodiment, the stereochemical configuration of both of the carbon atoms bearing R ^a and R ^b are inverted compared with corresponding carbon atoms in PF1022A.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds wherein at least one of the carbon atoms bearing -CH ₂ Cy ¹ or -CH ₂ Cy ² and at least one of the carbon atoms bearing R ^a and R ^b are are inverted compared with PF1022A and the stereochemical configuration of the carbons bearing R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are in the same stereochemical configuration as the corresponding carbon atoms in PF1022A. In another embodiment, least one of the carbon atoms bearing R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ and at least one of the carbon atoms bearing R ^a and R ^b are are inverted compared with PF1022A and the stereochemical configuration of the carbons bearing Cy ¹ and Cy ² are in the same stereochemical configuration as the corresponding carbon atoms in PF1022A. In another embodiment, least one of the carbon atoms bearing R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ and at least one of the carbon atoms bearing R ^a and R ^b and at least one of the carbon atoms bearing Cy ¹ and Cy ² are are inverted compared with PF1022A.

Cy ¹ and Cy ² Groups

In various embodiments of the invention, the groups Cy ¹ and Cy ² in the compounds of formula (I) with the stereochemical configuration described in Tables 1 to 5 above are further described below. It will be appreciated that type of groups described for Cy ¹ and Cy ² may be included in any compounds having the stereochemical configuration defined in Tables 1 to 5. In one embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² in each of the compounds of formula (I) with the stereochemical configuration described in Tables 1-5 above are independently phenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -O-heteroaryl, -S-heteroaryl, -O-heterocyclyl or -S- heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN and -NO ₂ , wherein R ⁵ and R ⁶ are as defined above for formula (I).

In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² in the compounds of formula (I) are independently phenyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl optionally independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -O-heteroaryl, -S-heteroaryl, -O-heterocyclyl or -S-heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN and -NO ₂ , wherein R ⁵ and R ⁶ are as defined above for formula (I).

In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² in each of the compounds of formula (I) are independently 6-12 membered bicyclic aryl or heteroaryl groups optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -O-heteroaryl, -S-heteroaryl, -O-heterocyclyl or -S-heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN and -NO ₂ , wherein R ⁵ and R ⁶ are as defined above for formula (I).

In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently bicyclic heterocyclic groups optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, - NO ₂ , cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -O-heteroaryl, -S-heteroaryl, -O- heterocyclyl or -S-heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN and -NO ₂ , wherein R ⁵ and R ⁶ are as defined above for formula (I).

In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, phenylcyclopropyl, biphenylene, fluorene, anthracene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene or indanyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -O-heteroaryl, -S-heteroaryl, -O-heterocyclyl or -S-heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN and -NO ₂ , wherein R ⁵ and R ⁶ are as defined above for formula (I).

In yet another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrazolyl, benzofuranyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidyl or pyrrolopyrimidyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -O-heteroaryl, -S-heteroaryl, -O-heterocyclyl or -S-heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN and -NO ₂ , wherein R ⁵ and R ⁶ are as defined above for formula (I).

In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, oxetanyl, pyrazolinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxazolyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolinyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolidinyl, furyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, thienyl, oxadiazolyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2- oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolodinyl, 2-oxoazepinyl, azepinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, morpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl sulfoxide, thiamorpholinyl sulfone, 1,3-dioxolane and tetrahydro-1,1-dioxothienyl, triazolyl or triazinyl optionally independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -O-heteroaryl, -S-heteroaryl, -O-heterocyclyl or -S-heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN and -NO ₂ , wherein R ⁵ and R ⁶ are as defined above for formula (I). In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently indolyl, isoindolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benz[d]isoxazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzothienyl, quinuclidinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyranyl, indolizinyl, benzofuranyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, chromonyl, coumarinyl, cinnolinyl, indazolyl, pyrrolopyridyl, phthalazinyl, 1,2,3-benzotriazinyl, 1,2,4-benzotriazinyl, furopyridinyl (such as furo[2,3-c]pyridinyl, furo[3,2-b]pyridinyl]or furo[2,3-b]pyridinyl), dihydroisoindolyl, dihydroquinazolinyl (such as 3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-quinazolinyl), tetrahydroquinolinyl or tetrahydroisoquinolinyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -O-heteroaryl, -S-heteroaryl, -O-heterocyclyl or -S-heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN and -NO ₂ , wherein R ⁵ and R ⁶ are as defined above for formula (I).

In one embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl substituted with heterocyclyl. In yet another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently a 6-membered heteroaryl group substituted with heterocyclyl. In still another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heterocyclyl substituted with a heterocyclyl group. In yet another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or tetrazinyl substituted with heterocyclyl.

In one embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or tetrazinyl substituted with morpholino, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, pyrrolidino or piperidino.

In one embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl, a 5-membered or a 6- membered heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, -SF ₅ , amino, alkylamino or dialkylamino. In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl, a 5-membered or a 6- membered heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl.

In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl, a 5-membered or a 6- membered heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, C ₂ -C ₄ alkenyl, C ₂ -C ₄ haloalkenyl, C ₂ -C ₄ alkynyl, C ₂ -C ₄ haloalkynyl, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ - C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino or C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino.

In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl, a 5-membered or a 6- membered heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, CF ₃ , -CH ₂ CF ₃ , -CHFCF ₃ or -CF ₂ CF ₃ .

In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl, a 5-membered or a 6- membered heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.

In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl, a 5-membered or a 6- membered heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with hydroxy, methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, - OCH ₂ CF ₃ , -OCHFCF ₃ , -OCF ₂ CF ₃ , -SCH ₃ , -SCF ₃ , -SCH ₂ CF ₃ , -SCHFCF ₃ , -SCF ₂ CF ₃ , -S(O)CH ₃ , -S(O)CF ₃ , -S(O)CH ₂ CF ₃ , -S(O)CHFCF ₃ ,–S(O)CF ₂ CF ₃ , -S(O) ₂ CH ₃ , -S(O) ₂ CF ₃ , -S(O) ₂ CH ₂ CF ₃ , - S(O) ₂ CHFCF ₃ ,–S(O) ₂ CF ₂ CF ₃ or SF ₅ .

In yet another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or tetrazinyl optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino or dialkylamino.

In yet another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or tetrazinyl optionally substituted with alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl or haloalkynyl.

In yet another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or tetrazinyl optionally substituted with C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, C ₂ - C ₄ alkenyl, C ₂ -C ₄ haloalkenyl, C ₂ -C ₄ alkynyl, C ₂ -C ₄ haloalkynyl, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino or C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino. In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl, a 5-membered or a 6- membered heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, CF ₃ , -CH ₂ CF ₃ , -CHFCF ₃ or -CF ₂ CF ₃ .

In yet another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or tetrazinyl optionally substituted with fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.

In yet another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or tetrazinyl optionally substituted with hydroxy, methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, -OCH ₂ CF ₃ , -OCHFCF ₃ , -OCF ₂ CF ₃ , -SCH ₃ , -SCF ₃ , -SCH ₂ CF ₃ , -SCHFCF ₃ or -SCF ₂ CF ₃ , -S(O)CH ₃ , -S(O)CF ₃ , -S(O)CH ₂ CF ₃ , -S(O)CHFCF ₃ ,–S(O)CF ₂ CF ₃ , -S(O) ₂ CH ₃ , - S(O) ₂ CF ₃ , -S(O) ₂ CH ₂ CF ₃ , -S(O) ₂ CHFCF ₃ ,–S(O) ₂ CF ₂ CF ₃ or SF ₅ .

In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently one of R1 to R8 shown below:

wherein Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Y ⁵ , Y ⁶ , Y ⁷ , Y ⁸ and Y ⁹ are each independently C, CH or N; and X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ , X ⁵ , X ⁶ and X ⁷ are independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, -O-heteroaryl, -S-heteroaryl, -O-heterocyclyl or -S-heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN and -NO ₂ , wherein R ⁵ and R ⁶ are as defined above for formula (I).

In one embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently R1 to R8 wherein Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Y ⁵ , Y ⁶ , Y ⁷ , Y ⁸ and Y ⁹ are each independently C, CH or N; and X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ , X ⁵ , X ⁶ and X ⁷ are independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, thioamido, amino, alkylamino or dialkylamino.

In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently R1 to R8 wherein Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Y ⁵ , Y ⁶ , Y ⁷ , Y ⁸ and Y ⁹ are each independently C, CH or N; and X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ , X ⁵ , X ⁶ and X ⁷ are independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl.

In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently R1 to R8 wherein Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Y ⁵ , Y ⁶ , Y ⁷ , Y ⁸ and Y ⁹ are each independently C, CH or N; and X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ , X ⁵ , X ⁶ and X ⁷ are independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, CF ₃ , - CH ₂ CF ₃ , -CHFCF ₃ or CF ₂ CF ₃ .

In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently R1 to R8 wherein Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Y ⁵ , Y ⁶ , Y ⁷ , Y ⁸ and Y ⁹ are each independently C, CH or N; and X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ , X ⁵ , X ⁶ and X ⁷ are independently hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.

In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently R1 to R8, wherein Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Y ⁵ , Y ⁶ , Y ⁷ , Y ⁸ and Y ⁹ are each independently C, CH or N; and X ¹ , X ² , X ³ , X ⁴ , X ⁵ , X ⁶ and X ⁷ are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, -OCH ₂ CF ₃ , -OCHFCF ₃ , - OCF ₂ CF ₃ , methylthio, trifluoromethylthio, -SCH ₂ CF ₃ , -SCHFCF ₃ , -SCF ₂ CF ₃ or SF ₅ .

In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently R9 to R11 shown below:

wherein X ¹ , X ² and X ³ are independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, -O-heteroaryl, -S-heteroaryl, -O-heterocyclyl or -S-heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN and -NO ₂ , wherein R ⁵ and R ⁶ are as defined above for formula (I).

In one embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently R9 to R11, wherein X ¹ , X ² and X ³ are independently hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or haloalkyl. In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently R9 to R11, wherein X ¹ , X ² and X ³ are independently hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo. In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently R9 to R11, wherein X ¹ , X ² and X ³ are independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert- butyl, CF ₃ , -CH ₂ CF ₃ , -CHFCF ₃ or CF ₂ CF ₃ . In yet another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently R9 to R11, wherein X ¹ , X ² and X ³ are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, -OCH ₂ CF ₃ , -OCHFCF ₃ , -OCF ₂ CF ₃ , methylthio, trifluoromethylthio, -SCH ₂ CF ₃ , -SCHFCF ₃ , -SCF ₂ CF ₃ or SF ₅ .

In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and/or Cy ² are independently phenyl, p-morpholinophenyl, p-fluorophenyl, p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, p-trifluoromethylthiophenyl, p-CF ₃ -phenyl, 3,4,5- trifluoro-phenyl, p-tetrahydropyranyl-4-yl-phenyl, 2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyridine-5-yl, 5- (morpholin-4-yl)pridin-2-yl, p-thiosulfonylmorpholin-4-yl-phenyl, p-NH ₂ -phenyl, p-(1-Me-1H- tetrazole-5-thiolyl)phenyl, p-NH ₂ - phenyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl, 4-(morpholin-4- yl)cyclylhexanyl, p-iodophenyl, p-bromophenyl, p-nitrophenyl and p-tert-butylphenyl.

In another embodiment, Cy ¹ and Cy ² are the groups shown in Table 6 below:

Table 6:

R ^a and R ^b

R ^a and R ^b in the compounds of formula (I) with the stereochemical configuration described in Tables 1 to 5 above may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl. In one embodiment, R ^a and R ^b are independently hydrogen or methyl. In another embodiment, R ^a and R ^b are independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or propyl. In another embodiment, R ^a and R ^b are independently hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ . In still another embodiment, R ^a and R ^b are both methyl. In yet another embodiment, R ^a and R ^b are both hydrogen.

R', R'', R''' and R''''

In one embodiment, each of R', R'', R''' and R'''' are independently hydrogen or C ₁ - C ₃ alkyl. In another embodiment, each of R', R'', R''' and R'''' are independently hydrogen or methyl. In another embodiment, each of R', R'', R''' and R'''' are independently hydrogen, methyl or ethyl.

R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴

It will be understood that the invention includes compounds wherein the various groups Cy ¹ and Cy ² described in the above embodiments with the stereochemical configuration defined in Tables 1 to 5 are combined with any combination of R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ described above for formula (I) and in the embodiments described below.

In one embodiment of the invention, one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is a C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl group substituted by one or more of the substituents for these variables described above for formula (I) while the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl.

In another embodiment, two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl independently substituted by one or more of the substituents for these variables described above for formula (I) while the other two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl.

In yet another embodiment, three of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl independently substituted by one or more of the substituents for these variables described above for formula (I) while the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ is unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl.

In still another embodiment, all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl independently substituted by one or more of the substituents for these variables described above for formula (I).

In another embodiment of the invention, one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group substituted by one or more of the substituents for these variables described above for formula (I) while the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl.

In another embodiment, two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl independently substituted by one or more of the substituents for these variables described above for formula (I) while the other two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl.

In yet another embodiment, three of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl independently substituted by one or more of the substituents for these variables described above for formula (I) while the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ is unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl.

In still another embodiment, all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more of the substituents for these variables described above for formula (I). In another embodiment of the invention, one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group substituted by one or more of the substituents for these variables described above for formula (I) while the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl independently substituted by one or more of the substituents for these variables described above for formula (I) while the other two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, three of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl independently substituted by one or more of the substituents for these variables described above for formula (I) while the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ is unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment of the invention, one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is a C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl group substituted by one or more halogen while the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl.

In another embodiment, two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl independently substituted by one or more halogen while the other two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl.

In yet another embodiment, three of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl independently substituted by one or more halogen while the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ is unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl.

In still another embodiment, all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl independently substituted one or more halogen.

In another embodiment of the invention, one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group substituted by one or more halogen while the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl.

In another embodiment, two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl independently substituted by one or more halogen while the other two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl.

In yet another embodiment, three of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl independently substituted by one or more halogen while the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ is unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl.

In still another embodiment, all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl independently substituted one or more halogen.

In another embodiment of the invention, one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group substituted by one or more halogen while the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl independently substituted by one or more halogen while the other two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2- dimethylpropyl. In yet another embodiment, three of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl independently substituted by one or more halogen while the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ is unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2- dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment of the invention, one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is a C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl group substituted by one or more fluoro while the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl.

In another embodiment, two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl independently substituted by one or more fluoro while the other two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl.

In yet another embodiment, three of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl independently substituted by one or more fluoro while the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ is unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl.

In still another embodiment, all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl independently substituted one or more fluoro.

In another embodiment of the invention, one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group substituted by one or more fluoro while the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl.

In another embodiment, two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl independently substituted by one or more fluoro while the other two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl.

In yet another embodiment, three of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl independently substituted by one or more fluoro while the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ is unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl.

In still another embodiment, all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl independently substituted one or more fluoro.

In another embodiment of the invention, one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group substituted by one or more fluoro while the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl independently substituted by one or more fluoro while the other two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2- dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, three of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl independently substituted by one or more fluoro while the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ is unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2- dimethylpropyl.

In one embodiment of the invention, one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ or CF ₃ ; and the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In another embodiment, two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ or CF ₃ ; and the other two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, three of R ¹ to R ⁴ are CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ or CF ₃ ; and the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ is unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ or CF ₃ .

In one embodiment of the invention, one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is -CH ₂ CX(CH ₃ ) ₂ wherein X is halogen; and the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are -CH ₂ CX(CH ₃ ) ₂ wherein X is halogen; and the other two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, three of R ¹ to R ⁴ are -CH ₂ CX(CH ₃ ) ₂ wherein X is halogen; and the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ is unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are -CH ₂ CX(CH ₃ ) ₂ wherein X is halogen. In one embodiment of the invention, one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and the other two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, three of R ¹ to R ⁴ are -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ is unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ .

In another embodiment of the invention, one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is -CH ₂ CX(CH ₃ ) ₂ wherein X is CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ or CF ₃ ; and the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2- dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are -CH ₂ CX(CH ₃ ) ₂ wherein X is CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ or CF ₃ ; and the other two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, three of R ¹ to R ⁴ are -CH ₂ CX(CH ₃ ) ₂ wherein X is CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ or CF ₃ ; and the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ is unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are -CH ₂ CX(CH ₃ ) ₂ wherein X is CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ or CF ₃ .

In one embodiment of the invention, one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is a C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl group substituted by one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups while the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl. In another embodiment, two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl independently substituted by one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups while the other two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl.

In yet another embodiment, three of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl independently substituted by one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups while the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ is unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl.

In still another embodiment, all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl independently substituted one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups.

In another embodiment of the invention, one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group substituted by one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups while the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl.

In another embodiment, two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl independently substituted by one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups while the other two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl.

In yet another embodiment, three of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl independently substituted by one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups while the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ is unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl.

In still another embodiment, all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl independently substituted one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups.

In another embodiment of the invention, one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group substituted by one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups while the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl independently substituted by one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups while the other two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2- methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, three of R ¹ to R ⁴ are C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl independently substituted by one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups while the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ is unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment of the invention, one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group substituted by an optionally substituted phenyl while the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2- methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by an optionally substituted phenyl while the other two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In yet another embodiment, three of R ¹ to R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by an optionally substituted phenyl while the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ is unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by an optionally substituted phenyl.

In another embodiment of the invention, one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group substituted by an optionally substituted heteroaryl group selected from the group consisting of thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and tetrazinyl while the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by an optionally substituted heteroaryl group selected from the group consisting of thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and tetrazinyl while the other two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, three of R ¹ to R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by an optionally substituted heteroaryl group selected from the group consisting of thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and tetrazinyl while the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ is unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by an optionally substituted heteroaryl group selected from the group consisting of thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and tetrazinyl.

In another embodiment of the invention, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ is the group G-1:

G-1;

wherein R ^1A , R ^1B , R ^1C , R ^1D and R ^1E are independently hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or haloalkyl; and the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ , if applicable, are unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl.

In one embodiment of the invention, one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is G-1; and the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1; and the other two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, three of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1; and the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ is unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1.

In one embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A , R ^1B , R ^1C , R ^1D and R ^1E are independently hydrogen, fluoro,C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl and the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl. In another embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A , R ^1B , R ^1C , R ^1D and R ^1E are independently hydrogen, fluoro,C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl and the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are unsubstituted 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In one embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1D and R ^1E are independently H or halogen. In another embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1D and R ^1E are independently C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl. In another embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is H or halogen. In another embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl. In another embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is halogen, and R ^1B and R ^1C are independently C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl. In yet another embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1D and R ^1E are H, R ^1A is halogen, and R ^1B and R ^1C are independently C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In one embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1D and R ^1E are independently H or F. In another embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1D and R ^1E are independently methyl or trifluoromethyl. In another embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is H or F. In another embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is methyl or trifluoromethyl. In another embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is F, and R ^1B and R ^1C are methyl or trifluoromethyl. In yet another embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1D and R ^1E are H, R ^1A is F, R ^1B and R ^1C are methyl or trifluoromethyl.

In another embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is C ₁ - C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl; and the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ are 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In another embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is halogen, and R ^1B and R ^1C are independently C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl; and the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ are 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In yet another embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1D and R ^1E are H, R ^1A is halogen, and R ^1B and R ^1C are independently C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl; and the other of R ¹ to R ⁴ are 2-methylpropyl or 2,2- dimethylpropyl.

In one embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein one of R ^1D and R ^1E is F; and the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In another embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein one of R ^1D and R ^1E is methyl or trifluoromethyl; and the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In another embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is F; and the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In another embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is methyl or trifluoromethyl; and the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In another embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is F, and R ^1B and R ^1C are methyl or trifluoromethyl; and the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In yet another embodiment, one, two, three or all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1D and R ^1E are H, R ^1A is F, R ^1B and R ^1C are methyl or trifluoromethyl; and the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, one of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is F, and R ^1B and R ^1C are methyl or trifluoromethyl; and the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In another embodiment, two of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is F, and R ^1B and R ^1C are methyl or trifluoromethyl; and the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In another embodiment, three of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is F, and R ^1B and R ^1C are methyl or trifluoromethyl; and the others of R ¹ to R ⁴ are 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In another embodiment, all four of R ¹ to R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is F, and R ^1B and R ^1C are methyl or trifluoromethyl. In one embodiment, R ¹ is G-1, wherein R ^1A is F, and R ^1B and R ^1C are methyl or trifluoromethyl; and R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In another embodiment, R ² is G-1, wherein R ^1A is F, and R ^1B and R ^1C are methyl or trifluoromethyl; and R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In yet another embodiment, R ³ is G-1, wherein R ^1A is F, and R ^1B and R ^1C are methyl or trifluoromethyl; and R ¹ , R ² and R ⁴ are 2- methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In another embodiment, R ⁴ is G-1, wherein R ^1A is F, and R ^1B and R ^1C are methyl or trifluoromethyl; and R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are 2-methylpropyl or 2,2- dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, R ¹ and R ³ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is F, and R ^1B and R ^1C are methyl or trifluoromethyl; and R ² and R ⁴ are 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In another embodiment, R ² and R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is F, and R ^1B and R ^1C are methyl or trifluoromethyl; and R ¹ and R ³ are 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In another embodiment, R ¹ and R ² are G-1, wherein R ^1A is F, and R ^1B and R ^1C are methyl or trifluoromethyl; and R ³ and R ⁴ are 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In yet another embodiment, R ² and R ³ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is F, and R ^1B and R ^1C are methyl or trifluoromethyl; and R ¹ and R ⁴ are 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In another embodiment, R ¹ and R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is F, and R ^1B and R ^1C are methyl or trifluoromethyl; and R ² and R ³ are 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is F, and R ^1B and R ^1C are methyl or trifluoromethyl; and R ⁴ is 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In another embodiment, R ¹ , R ² and R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is F, and R ^1B and R ^1C are methyl or trifluoromethyl; and R ³ is 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In another embodiment, R ¹ , R ³ and R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is F, and R ^1B and R ^1C are methyl or trifluoromethyl; and R ² is 2- methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl. In another embodiment, R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are G-1, wherein R ^1A is F, and R ^1B and R ^1C are methyl or trifluoromethyl; and R ¹ is 2-methylpropyl or 2,2- dimethylpropyl.

In one embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or naphthyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -O-heteroaryl, -S-heteroaryl, -O-heterocyclyl or -S-heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN and -NO ₂ ;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl;

R ¹ and R ³ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkoxyalkoxy, oxo, cyano, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino;

R ² and R ⁴ are independently unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, thioalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, or the group -CH ₂ C(O)NHCH ₂ CF ₃ ; or R ⁵ and R ⁶ together with the atom(s) to which they are bonded form a C ₃ -C ₆ cyclic group.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or naphthyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, -O-heteroaryl, -S-heteroaryl, -O-heterocyclyl or -S- heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ - C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl; and

R ¹ and R ³ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more halogen, optionally substituted phenyl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and tetrazinyl;

R ² and R ⁴ are independently unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl or the group -CH ₂ C(O)NHCH ₂ CF ₃ .

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ - C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ - C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O- C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and

R ¹ and R ³ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more halogen, optionally substituted phenyl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and tetrazinyl;

R ² and R ⁴ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, phenyl, C ₃ - C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₆ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O- C ₄ -C ₆ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₆ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, CN, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl; R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and

R ¹ and R ³ are independently -CH ₂ CX(CH ₃ ) ₂ wherein X is halogen;

R ² and R ⁴ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, CN, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, C ₃ - C ₆ cycloalkyl, morpholino, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, piperidino or pyrrolidino, wherein each C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, morpholino, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, piperidino or pyrrolidino is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and

R ¹ and R ³ are independently -CH ₂ CX(CH ₃ ) ₂ wherein X is halogen; and

R ² and R ⁴ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl, -S- tetrazolyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, morpholino, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, piperidino or pyrrolidino is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ - C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and

R ¹ and R ³ are independently -CH ₂ CX(CH ₃ ) ₂ wherein X is halogen; and

R ² and R ⁴ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ - C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and

R ¹ and R ³ are independently -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and

R ² and R ⁴ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In one embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or naphthyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -O-heteroaryl, -S-heteroaryl, -O-heterocyclyl or -S-heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN and -NO ₂ ;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl;

R ² and R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkoxyalkoxy, oxo, cyano, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino;

R ¹ and R ³ are independently unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl; and R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, thioalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, or the group -CH ₂ C(O)NHCH ₂ CF ₃ ; or R ⁵ and R ⁶ together with the atom(s) to which they are bonded form a C ₃ -C ₆ cyclic group.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or naphthyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, -O-heteroaryl, -S-heteroaryl, -O-heterocyclyl or -S- heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ - C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl;

R ² and R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more halogen, optionally substituted phenyl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and tetrazinyl;

R ¹ and R ³ are independently unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl or the group -CH ₂ C(O)NHCH ₂ CF ₃ .

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ - C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ - C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O- C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and

R ² and R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more halogen, optionally substituted phenyl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and tetrazinyl;

R ¹ and R ³ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, phenyl, C ₃ - C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₆ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O- C ₄ -C ₆ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₆ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, CN, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and

R ² and R ⁴ are independently -CH ₂ CX(CH ₃ ) ₂ wherein X is halogen;

R ¹ and R ³ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, CN, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, C ₃ - C ₆ cycloalkyl, morpholino, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, piperidino or pyrrolidino, wherein each C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, morpholino, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, piperidino or pyrrolidino is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl; R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and

R ² and R ⁴ are independently -CH ₂ CX(CH ₃ ) ₂ wherein X is halogen;

R ¹ and R ³ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl, -S- tetrazolyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, morpholino, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, piperidino or pyrrolidino is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ - C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ² and R ⁴ are independently -CH ₂ CX(CH ₃ ) ₂ wherein X is halogen; and

R ¹ and R ³ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ - C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and

R ² and R ⁴ are independently -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and

R ¹ and R ³ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In one embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -O-heteroaryl, -S-heteroaryl, -O-heterocyclyl or -S-heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN and -NO ₂ ;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl; and

R ¹ and R ³ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkoxyalkoxy, oxo, cyano, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino;

R ² and R ⁴ are independently unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, thioalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, or the group -CH ₂ C(O)NHCH ₂ CF ₃ ; or R ⁵ and R ⁶ together with the atom(s) to which they are bonded form a C ₃ -C ₆ cyclic group.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, -O-heteroaryl, -S-heteroaryl, -O-heterocyclyl or -S-heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ - C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl;

R ¹ and R ³ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or halogen;

R ² and R ⁴ are independently unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl or the group -CH ₂ C(O)NHCH ₂ CF ₃ .

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl or tetrazinyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ - C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ - C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O- C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ and R ³ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more halogen , optionally substituted phenyl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and tetrazinyl;

R ² and R ⁴ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl or tetrazinyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₆ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₄ -C ₆ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ - C ₆ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, CN, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ and R ³ are independently -CH ₂ CX(CH ₃ ) ₂ wherein X is halogen;

R ² and R ⁴ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, or pyrazinyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, CN, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, morpholino, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, piperidino or pyrrolidino, wherein each C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, morpholino, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, piperidino or pyrrolidino is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and

R ¹ and R ³ are independently -CH ₂ CX(CH ₃ ) ₂ wherein X is halogen; and

R ² and R ⁴ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl, -S- tetrazolyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, morpholino, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, piperidino or pyrrolidino is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ - C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ and R ³ are independently -CH ₂ CX(CH ₃ ) ₂ wherein X is halogen; and

R ² and R ⁴ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ - C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and

R ¹ and R ³ are independently -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and

R ² and R ⁴ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In one embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -O-heteroaryl, -S-heteroaryl, -O-heterocyclyl or -S-heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, thioamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN and -NO ₂ ;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl;

R ² and R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkoxyalkoxy, oxo, cyano, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino;

R ¹ and R ³ are independently unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, thioalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, or the group -CH ₂ C(O)NHCH ₂ CF ₃ ; or R ⁵ and R ⁶ together with the atom(s) to which they are bonded form a C ₃ -C ₆ cyclic group.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkyl, haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ S(O)-, R ⁵ S(O) ₂ -, R ⁵ C(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, -O-heteroaryl, -S-heteroaryl, -O-heterocyclyl or -S-heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ - C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl;

R ² and R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or halogen;

R ¹ and R ³ are independently unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl or the group -CH ₂ C(O)NHCH ₂ CF ₃ .

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl or tetrazinyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ - C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ - C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O- C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and

R ² and R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more halogen , optionally substituted phenyl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and tetrazinyl;

R ¹ and R ³ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl or tetrazinyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₆ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₄ -C ₆ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ - C ₆ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, CN, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ² and R ⁴ are independently -CH ₂ CX(CH ₃ ) ₂ wherein X is halogen; R ¹ and R ³ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, or pyrazinyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, CN, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, morpholino, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, piperidino or pyrrolidino, wherein each C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, morpholino, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, piperidino or pyrrolidino is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ² and R ⁴ are independently -CH ₂ CX(CH ₃ ) ₂ wherein X is halogen; and

R ¹ and R ³ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl, -S- tetrazolyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, morpholino, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, piperidino or pyrrolidino is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ - C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and

R ² and R ⁴ are independently -CH ₂ CX(CH ₃ ) ₂ wherein X is halogen; and

R ¹ and R ³ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ - C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ² and R ⁴ are independently -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and

R ¹ and R ³ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, - O- C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ and R ² are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more halogen, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl;

R ³ and R ⁴ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, - O- C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and

R ³ and R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more halogen, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl;

R ¹ and R ² are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, - O- C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ² and R ³ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more halogen, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl;

R ¹ and R ⁴ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, - O- C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ and R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more halogen, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl;

R ² and R ³ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ and R ² are -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and

R ³ and R ⁴ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ; R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ³ and R ⁴ are -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and

R ¹ and R ² are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and

R ² and R ³ -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and

R ¹ and R ⁴ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and

R ¹ and R ⁴ are -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and

R ² and R ³ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, - O- C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and

R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more halogen, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl;

R ⁴ is 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, - O- C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ , R ² and R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more halogen, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl;

R ³ is 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, - O- C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ , R ³ and R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more halogen, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl;

R ² is 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, - O- C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more halogen, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl;

R ¹ is 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and

R ⁴ is 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ , R ² and R ⁴ are -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and

R ³ is 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl; R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ , R ³ and R ⁴ are -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and

R ² is 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and

R ¹ is 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, -NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, - O- C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and

R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more halogen, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl. In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently heteroaryl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and

R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are each -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ .

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ - C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ - C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, - NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ - C ₆ heteroaryl, -O- C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ and R ² are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more halogen, optionally substituted phenyl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and tetrazinyl;

R ³ and R ⁴ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ - C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ - C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, - NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ - C ₆ heteroaryl, -O- C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ³ and R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more halogen, optionally substituted phenyl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and tetrazinyl;

R ¹ and R ² are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ - C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ - C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, - NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ - C ₆ heteroaryl, -O- C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ² and R ³ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more halogen, optionally substituted phenyl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and tetrazinyl;

R ¹ and R ⁴ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ - C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ - C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, - NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ - C ₆ heteroaryl, -O- C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ and R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more halogen, optionally substituted phenyl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and tetrazinyl;

R ² and R ³ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ; R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ and R ² are -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and

R ³ and R ⁴ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ³ and R ⁴ are -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and

R ¹ and R ² are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ² and R ³ -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and

R ¹ and R ⁴ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ and R4 -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and

R ² and R ³ are independently 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ - C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ - C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, - NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ - C ₆ heteroaryl, -O- C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by one or more halogen, optionally substituted phenyl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and tetrazinyl;

R ⁴ is 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ - C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ - C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, - NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ - C ₆ heteroaryl, -O- C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ , R ² and R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by halogen, optionally substituted phenyl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and tetrazinyl;

R ³ is 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ - C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ - C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, - NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ - C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ , R ³ and R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by halogen, optionally substituted phenyl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and tetrazinyl;

R ² is 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl. In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ - C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ - C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, - NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ - C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by halogen, optionally substituted phenyl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and tetrazinyl;

R ¹ is 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and

R ⁴ is 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ , R ² and R ⁴ are -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and

R ³ is 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ , R ³ and R ⁴ are -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and

R ² is 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl; R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ ; and

R ¹ is 2-methylpropyl or 2,2-dimethylpropyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein:

Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ - C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, C ₁ - C ₃ haloalkyl, SF ₅ , R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)-, R ⁵ R ⁶ NC(O)NR ⁵ -, R ⁵ OC(O)-, R ⁵ C(O)O-, R ⁵ C(O)NR ⁶ -, -CN, - NO ₂ , phenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₅ -C ₆ heteroaryl, -S-C ₅ - C ₆ heteroaryl, -O-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl or -S-C ₄ -C ₇ heterocyclyl, wherein each cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are independently C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl substituted by halogen, optionally substituted phenyl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of thienyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3-4-thiadazolyl, pyrazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and tetrazinyl; and

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein: Cy ¹ and Cy ² are independently phenyl or pyridyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO ₂ , SF ₅ , methyl, CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl, wherein each cyclohexyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl is optionally further independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C ₁ -C ₃ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkylthio, amino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ dialkylamino, C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkyl;

R ^a and R ^b may independently be hydrogen, methyl or CF ₃ ;

R', R'', R''' and R'''' are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are each -CH ₂ CF(CH ₃ ) ₂ .

In one embodiment, the invention provides compounds of formula (I) shown in Tables 7 to 44 below, wherein R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each independently hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl; and Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Tables 7 to 44 below. In the tables, Me indicates methyl.

Table 7: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are unsubstituted phenyl and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 8: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are p-fluorophenyl and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 9: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are p-trifluoromethylphenyl and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown in Table 2. Table 10: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 11: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are

R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 12: Com ounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 13: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 14: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 15: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are ; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 16: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are ; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 17: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are ; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown. Table 18: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are ; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 19: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 20: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 21: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 22: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 23: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 25: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown. Table 26: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are p-aminophenyl; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 29: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are p-cyanophenyl; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 30: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are

and unsubstituted phenyl, respectively; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 31: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are

and p-iodophenyl, respectively; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 32: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are

and unsubstituted phenyl, respectively; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 33: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are p-nitrophenyl; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 34: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are ; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 35: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are ; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 36: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are ; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 37: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are ; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 38: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are ; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 39: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are ; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 40: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are ; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown. Table 41: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are ; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 42: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are ; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 43: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are ; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Table 44: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ and Cy ² are p- trifluoromethylthiophenyl; and R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ to R ⁴ are as shown.

Particular embodiments of the compounds of the invention are further described in Tables 45-120 wherein the meaning of the variables Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as described for Tables 7-44, respectively, with the exception that R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each specifically defined below.

Table 45: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 7, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 46: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 8, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’ are each methyl.

Table 47: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 9, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 48: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 10, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 49: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 11, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 50: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 12, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl. Table 51: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 13, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 52: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 14, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 53: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 15, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 54: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 16, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 55: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 17, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 56: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 18, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 57: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 19, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 58: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 20, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 59: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 21, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 60: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 22, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 61: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 23, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 62: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 24, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 63: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 25, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 64: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 26, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 65: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 27, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl. Table 66: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 28, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 67: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 29, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 68: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 30, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 69: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 31, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 70: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 32, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 71: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 33, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 72: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 34, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 73: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 35, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 74: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 36, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 75: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 37, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 76: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 38, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 77: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 39, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 78: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 40, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 79: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 41, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 80: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 42, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl. Table 81: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 43, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 82: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 44, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each methyl.

Table 83: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 7, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen.

Table 84: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 8, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen.

Table 85: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 9, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen.

Table 86: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 10, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen.

Table 87: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 11, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen.

Table 88: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 12, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen.

Table 89: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 13, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen.

Table 90: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 14, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen.

Table 91: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 15, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen.

Table 92: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 16, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen.

Table 93: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 17, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen.

Table 94: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 18, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen.

Table 95: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 19, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen. Table 96: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 20, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen.

Table 97: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 21, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen.

Table 98: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 22, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen.

Table 99: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 23, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen.

Table 100: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 24, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen.

Table 101: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 25, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen.

Table 102: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 26, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen.

Table 103: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 27, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen.

Table 104: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Cy ¹ , Cy ² , R ^a , R ^b , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are as shown in Table 28, and R’, R’’, R’’’ and R’’’’ are each hydrogen.